1
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Huffer K, Tan XF, Fernández-Mariño AI, Dhingra S, Swartz KJ. Dilation of ion selectivity filters in cation channels. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:417-430. [PMID: 38514273 PMCID: PMC11069442 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Ion channels establish the voltage gradient across cellular membranes by providing aqueous pathways for ions to selectively diffuse down their concentration gradients. The selectivity of any given channel for its favored ions has conventionally been viewed as a stable property, and in many cation channels, it is determined by an ion-selectivity filter within the external end of the ion-permeation pathway. In several instances, including voltage-activated K+ (Kv) channels, ATP-activated P2X receptor channels, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, the ion-permeation pathways have been proposed to dilate in response to persistent activation, dynamically altering ion permeation. Here, we discuss evidence for dynamic ion selectivity, examples where ion selectivity filters exhibit structural plasticity, and opportunities to fill gaps in our current understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Huffer
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Tan
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana I Fernández-Mariño
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Surbhi Dhingra
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenton J Swartz
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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2
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Jara-Oseguera A. Ruthenium red: Blocker or antagonist of TRPV channels? Cell Calcium 2024; 119:102874. [PMID: 38518427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Ruthenium red (RR) is a widely used inhibitor of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) cation channels and other types of ion channels. Although RR has been generally accepted to inhibit TRP channels by physically blocking the ion permeation pathway, recent structural evidence suggests that it might also function as an antagonist, inducing conformational changes in the channel upon binding that result in closure of the pore. In a recent manuscript published in EMBO Reports, Ruth A. Pumroy and collaborators solve structures of TRPV2 and TRPV5 channels in the presence and absence of activators and RR. The data sheds light on the mechanism of inhibition by RR, while also opening new questions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Jara-Oseguera
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, United States.
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3
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Huang J, Korsunsky A, Yazdani M, Chen J. Targeting TRP channels: recent advances in structure, ligand binding, and molecular mechanisms. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1334370. [PMID: 38273937 PMCID: PMC10808746 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1334370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large and diverse family of transmembrane ion channels that are widely expressed, have important physiological roles, and are associated with many human diseases. These proteins are actively pursued as promising drug targets, benefitting greatly from advances in structural and mechanistic studies of TRP channels. At the same time, the complex, polymodal activation and regulation of TRP channels have presented formidable challenges. In this short review, we summarize recent progresses toward understanding the structural basis of TRP channel function, as well as potential ligand binding sites that could be targeted for therapeutics. A particular focus is on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TRP channel activation and regulation, where many fundamental questions remain unanswered. We believe that a deeper understanding of the functional mechanisms of TRP channels will be critical and likely transformative toward developing successful therapeutic strategies targeting these exciting proteins. This endeavor will require concerted efforts from computation, structural biology, medicinal chemistry, electrophysiology, pharmacology, drug safety and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Aron Korsunsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Mahdieh Yazdani
- Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Jianhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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4
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Chen J, Li L, Kim JH, Neuhäuser B, Wang M, Thelen M, Hilleary R, Chi Y, Wei L, Venkataramani K, Exposito-Alonso M, Liu C, Keck J, Barragan AC, Schwab R, Lutz U, Pei ZM, He SY, Ludewig U, Weigel D, Zhu W. Small proteins modulate ion-channel-like ACD6 to regulate immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4386-4397.e9. [PMID: 37995686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The multi-pass transmembrane protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6) is an immune regulator in Arabidopsis thaliana with an unclear biochemical mode of action. We have identified two loci, MODULATOR OF HYPERACTIVE ACD6 1 (MHA1) and its paralog MHA1-LIKE (MHA1L), that code for ∼7 kDa proteins, which differentially interact with specific ACD6 variants. MHA1L enhances the accumulation of an ACD6 complex, thereby increasing the activity of the ACD6 standard allele for regulating plant growth and defenses. The intracellular ankyrin repeats of ACD6 are structurally similar to those found in mammalian ion channels. Several lines of evidence link increased ACD6 activity to enhanced calcium influx, with MHA1L as a direct regulator of ACD6, indicating that peptide-regulated ion channels are not restricted to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Chen
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jong Hum Kim
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Benjamin Neuhäuser
- Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mingyu Wang
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Michael Thelen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Yuan Chi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Luyang Wei
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kavita Venkataramani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moises Exposito-Alonso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chang Liu
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jakob Keck
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Cristina Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schwab
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lutz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zhen-Ming Pei
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sheng-Yang He
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Wangsheng Zhu
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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5
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García-Morales A, Balleza D. Non-canonical helical transitions and conformational switching are associated with characteristic flexibility and disorder indices in TRP and Kv channels. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2212349. [PMID: 37196183 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2212349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural evidence and much experimental data have demonstrated the presence of non-canonical helical substructures (π and 310) in regions of great functional relevance both in TRP as in Kv channels. Through an exhaustive compositional analysis of the sequences underlying these substructures, we find that each of them is associated with characteristic local flexibility profiles, which in turn are implicated in significant conformational rearrangements and interactions with specific ligands. We found that α-to-π helical transitions are associated with patterns of local rigidity whereas α-to-310 transitions are mainly leagued with high local flexibility profiles. We also study the relationship between flexibility and protein disorder in the transmembrane domain of these proteins. By contrasting these two parameters, we located regions showing a sort of structural discrepancy between these similar but not identical protein attributes. Notably, these regions are presumably implicated in important conformational rearrangements during the gating in those channels. In that sense, finding these regions where flexibility and disorder are not proportional allows us to detect regions with potential functional dynamism. From this point of view, we highlighted some conformational rearrangements that occur during ligand binding events, the compaction, and refolding of the outer pore loops in several TRP channels, as well as the well-known S4 motion in Kv channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Balleza
- Unidad de Investigación y desarrollo en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz. Tecnológico Nacional de México, Veracruz, MEXICO
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6
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Palchevskyi S, Czarnocki-Cieciura M, Vistoli G, Gervasoni S, Nowak E, Beccari AR, Nowotny M, Talarico C. Structure of human TRPM8 channel. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1065. [PMID: 37857704 PMCID: PMC10587237 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPM8 is a non-selective cation channel permeable to both monovalent and divalent cations that is activated by multiple factors, such as temperature, voltage, pressure, and changes in osmolality. It is a therapeutic target for anticancer drug development, and its modulators can be utilized for several pathological conditions. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy structure of a human TRPM8 channel in the closed state that was solved at 2.7 Å resolution. Our structure comprises the most complete model of the N-terminal pre-melastatin homology region. We also visualized several lipids that are bound by the protein and modeled how the human channel interacts with icilin. Analyses of pore helices in available TRPM structures showed that all these structures can be grouped into different closed, desensitized and open state conformations based on the register of the pore helix S6 which positions particular amino acid residues at the channel constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Palchevskyi
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
- Cell Signalling Department, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU, 03143, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mariusz Czarnocki-Cieciura
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Gervasoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Elżbieta Nowak
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrea R Beccari
- Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, EXSCALATE, Via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, I-80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcin Nowotny
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Carmine Talarico
- Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, EXSCALATE, Via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, I-80131, Napoli, Italy.
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7
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Raisch T, Raunser S. The modes of action of ion-channel-targeting neurotoxic insecticides: lessons from structural biology. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1411-1427. [PMID: 37845413 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are indispensable tools for plant protection in modern agriculture. Despite having highly heterogeneous structures, many neurotoxic insecticides use similar principles to inhibit or deregulate neuronal ion channels. Insecticides targeting pentameric ligand-gated channels are structural mimetics of neurotransmitters or manipulate and deregulate the proteins. Those binding to (pseudo-)tetrameric voltage-gated(-like) channels, on the other hand, are natural or synthetic compounds that directly block the ion-conducting pore or prevent conformational changes in the transmembrane domain necessary for opening and closing the pore. The use of a limited number of inhibition mechanisms can be problematic when resistances arise and become more widespread. Therefore, there is a rising interest in the development of insecticides with novel mechanisms that evade resistance and are pest-insect-specific. During the last decade, most known insecticide targets, many with bound compounds, have been structurally characterized, bringing the rational design of novel classes of agrochemicals within closer reach than ever before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Raisch
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
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8
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Fernández-Mariño AI, Tan XF, Bae C, Huffer K, Jiang J, Swartz KJ. Inactivation of the Kv2.1 channel through electromechanical coupling. Nature 2023; 622:410-417. [PMID: 37758949 PMCID: PMC10567553 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The Kv2.1 voltage-activated potassium (Kv) channel is a prominent delayed-rectifier Kv channel in the mammalian central nervous system, where its mechanisms of activation and inactivation are critical for regulating intrinsic neuronal excitability1,2. Here we present structures of the Kv2.1 channel in a lipid environment using cryo-electron microscopy to provide a framework for exploring its functional mechanisms and how mutations causing epileptic encephalopathies3-7 alter channel activity. By studying a series of disease-causing mutations, we identified one that illuminates a hydrophobic coupling nexus near the internal end of the pore that is critical for inactivation. Both functional and structural studies reveal that inactivation in Kv2.1 results from dynamic alterations in electromechanical coupling to reposition pore-lining S6 helices and close the internal pore. Consideration of these findings along with available structures for other Kv channels, as well as voltage-activated sodium and calcium channels, suggests that related mechanisms of inactivation are conserved in voltage-activated cation channels and likely to be engaged by widely used therapeutics to achieve state-dependent regulation of channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Fernández-Mariño
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Tan
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chanhyung Bae
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kate Huffer
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiansen Jiang
- Laboratory of Membrane Proteins and Structural Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenton J Swartz
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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9
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Okada Y, Numata T, Sabirov RZ, Kashio M, Merzlyak PG, Sato-Numata K. Cell death induction and protection by activation of ubiquitously expressed anion/cation channels. Part 3: the roles and properties of TRPM2 and TRPM7. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1246955. [PMID: 37842082 PMCID: PMC10576435 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1246955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell volume regulation (CVR) is a prerequisite for animal cells to survive and fulfill their functions. CVR dysfunction is essentially involved in the induction of cell death. In fact, sustained normotonic cell swelling and shrinkage are associated with necrosis and apoptosis, and thus called the necrotic volume increase (NVI) and the apoptotic volume decrease (AVD), respectively. Since a number of ubiquitously expressed ion channels are involved in the CVR processes, these volume-regulatory ion channels are also implicated in the NVI and AVD events. In Part 1 and Part 2 of this series of review articles, we described the roles of swelling-activated anion channels called VSOR or VRAC and acid-activated anion channels called ASOR or PAC in CVR and cell death processes. Here, Part 3 focuses on therein roles of Ca2+-permeable non-selective TRPM2 and TRPM7 cation channels activated by stress. First, we summarize their phenotypic properties and molecular structure. Second, we describe their roles in CVR. Since cell death induction is tightly coupled to dysfunction of CVR, third, we focus on their participation in the induction of or protection against cell death under oxidative, acidotoxic, excitotoxic, and ischemic conditions. In this regard, we pay attention to the sensitivity of TRPM2 and TRPM7 to a variety of stress as well as to their capability to physicall and functionally interact with other volume-related channels and membrane enzymes. Also, we summarize a large number of reports hitherto published in which TRPM2 and TRPM7 channels are shown to be involved in cell death associated with a variety of diseases or disorders, in some cases as double-edged swords. Lastly, we attempt to describe how TRPM2 and TRPM7 are organized in the ionic mechanisms leading to cell death induction and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Okada
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, AkitaUniversity, Akita, Japan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical Uniersity, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Numata
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, AkitaUniversity, Akita, Japan
| | - Ravshan Z. Sabirov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Makiko Kashio
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical Uniersity, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Peter G. Merzlyak
- Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Kaori Sato-Numata
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, AkitaUniversity, Akita, Japan
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10
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Lansky S, Betancourt JM, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Kim ED, Paknejad N, Nimigean CM, Yuan P, Scheuring S. A pentameric TRPV3 channel with a dilated pore. Nature 2023; 621:206-214. [PMID: 37648856 PMCID: PMC10584365 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large, eukaryotic ion channel superfamily that control diverse physiological functions, and therefore are attractive drug targets1-5. More than 210 structures from more than 20 different TRP channels have been determined, and all are tetramers4. Despite this wealth of structures, many aspects concerning TRPV channels remain poorly understood, including the pore-dilation phenomenon, whereby prolonged activation leads to increased conductance, permeability to large ions and loss of rectification6,7. Here, we used high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) to analyse membrane-embedded TRPV3 at the single-molecule level and discovered a pentameric state. HS-AFM dynamic imaging revealed transience and reversibility of the pentamer in dynamic equilibrium with the canonical tetramer through membrane diffusive protomer exchange. The pentamer population increased upon diphenylboronic anhydride (DPBA) addition, an agonist that has been shown to induce TRPV3 pore dilation. On the basis of these findings, we designed a protein production and data analysis pipeline that resulted in a cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of the TRPV3 pentamer, showing an enlarged pore compared to the tetramer. The slow kinetics to enter and exit the pentameric state, the increased pentamer formation upon DPBA addition and the enlarged pore indicate that the pentamer represents the structural correlate of pore dilation. We thus show membrane diffusive protomer exchange as an additional mechanism for structural changes and conformational variability. Overall, we provide structural evidence for a non-canonical pentameric TRP-channel assembly, laying the foundation for new directions in TRP channel research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifra Lansky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Michael Betancourt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yining Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navid Paknejad
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Crina M Nimigean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Scheuring
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Singh Y, Sarkar D, Duari S, G S, Indra Guru PK, M V H, Singh D, Bhardwaj S, Kalia J. Dissecting the contributions of membrane affinity and bivalency of the spider venom protein DkTx to its sustained mode of TRPV1 activation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104903. [PMID: 37302551 PMCID: PMC10404664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The spider venom protein, double-knot toxin (DkTx), partitions into the cellular membrane and binds bivalently to the pain-sensing ion channel, TRPV1, triggering long-lasting channel activation. In contrast, its monovalent single knots membrane partition poorly and invoke rapidly reversible TRPV1 activation. To discern the contributions of the bivalency and membrane affinity of DkTx to its sustained mode of action, here, we developed diverse toxin variants including those containing truncated linkers between individual knots, precluding bivalent binding. Additionally, by appending the single-knot domains to the Kv2.1 channel-targeting toxin, SGTx, we created monovalent double-knot proteins that demonstrated higher membrane affinity and more sustained TRPV1 activation than the single-knots. We also produced hyper-membrane affinity-possessing tetra-knot proteins, (DkTx)2 and DkTx-(SGTx)2, that demonstrated longer-lasting TRPV1 activation than DkTx, establishing the central role of the membrane affinity of DkTx in endowing it with its sustained TRPV1 activation properties. These results suggest that high membrane affinity-possessing TRPV1 agonists can potentially serve as long-acting analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashaswi Singh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Debayan Sarkar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Subhadeep Duari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shashaank G
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pawas Kumar Indra Guru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hrishikesh M V
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dheerendra Singh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sahil Bhardwaj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jeet Kalia
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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12
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Kwon DH, Zhang F, McCray BA, Feng S, Kumar M, Sullivan JM, Im W, Sumner CJ, Lee SY. TRPV4-Rho GTPase complex structures reveal mechanisms of gating and disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3732. [PMID: 37353484 PMCID: PMC10290081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between ion channels and small GTPases is critical during homeostasis and disease, but little is known about the structural underpinnings of these interactions. TRPV4 is a polymodal, calcium-permeable cation channel that has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in multiple conditions. Gain-of-function mutations also cause hereditary neuromuscular disease. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of human TRPV4 in complex with RhoA in the ligand-free, antagonist-bound closed, and agonist-bound open states. These structures reveal the mechanism of ligand-dependent TRPV4 gating. Channel activation is associated with rigid-body rotation of the intracellular ankyrin repeat domain, but state-dependent interaction with membrane-anchored RhoA constrains this movement. Notably, many residues at the TRPV4-RhoA interface are mutated in disease and perturbing this interface by introducing mutations into either TRPV4 or RhoA increases TRPV4 channel activity. Together, these results suggest that RhoA serves as an auxiliary subunit for TRPV4, regulating TRPV4-mediated calcium homeostasis and disruption of TRPV4-RhoA interactions can lead to TRPV4-related neuromuscular disease. These insights will help facilitate TRPV4 therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hoon Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Brett A McCray
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shasha Feng
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, and Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Meha Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jeremy M Sullivan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, and Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Charlotte J Sumner
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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13
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Alipour M, Hajipour-Verdom B, Abdolmaleki P, Javan M. Molecular properties of Ca 2+ transport through TRPV2 channel: a molecular dynamics simulations study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:3892-3899. [PMID: 35382708 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2058615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TRPV channels are a category of nonselective cation channels that are activated by heat and ligands and permeate monovalent and divalent ions. The mechanism of Ca2+ transfer through TRPV2 channel is not well known. Here, we investigated the reaction coordination and energy fluctuation of Ca2+ transition in TRPV2 channel by steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations and potential of mean force (PMF) calculation. Results showed that electrostatic interactions between Ca2+ and residues of the first and second gates had main roles in ions transfer through the channel. Also, we recognized important amino acids in this path. Moreover, results indicated that enter and exit of calcium ions need to overcome barrier energies in the first and second gates.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Alipour
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biophysics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Hajipour-Verdom
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biophysics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Abdolmaleki
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biophysics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Huang Q, Zhu W, Gao X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Xing B. Nanoparticles-mediated ion channels manipulation: From their membrane interactions to bioapplications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 195:114763. [PMID: 36841331 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels are transmembrane proteins ubiquitously expressed in all cells that control various ions (e.g. Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl- etc) crossing cellular plasma membrane, which play critical roles in physiological processes including regulating signal transduction, cell proliferation as well as excitatory cell excitation and conduction. Abnormal ion channel function is usually associated with dysfunctions and many diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, ophthalmic diseases, pulmonary diseases and even cancers. The precise regulation of ion channels not only helps to decipher physiological and pathological processes, but also is expected to become cutting-edge means for disease treatment. Recently, nanoparticles-mediated ion channel manipulation emerges as a highly promising way to meet the increasing requirements with respect to their simple, efficient, precise, spatiotemporally controllable and non-invasive regulation in biomedicine and other research frontiers. Thanks the advantages of their unique properties, nanoparticles can not only directly block the pore sites or kinetics of ion channels through their tiny size effect, and perturb active voltage-gated ion channel by their charged surface, but they can also act as antennas to conduct or enhance external physical stimuli to achieve spatiotemporal, precise and efficient regulation of various ion channel activities (e.g. light-, mechanical-, and temperature-gated ion channels etc). So far, nanoparticles-mediated ion channel regulation has shown potential prospects in many biomedical fields at the interfaces of neuro- and cardiovascular modulation, physiological function regeneration and tumor therapy et al. Towards such important fields, in this typical review, we specifically outline the latest studies of different types of ion channels and their activities relevant to the diseases. In addition, the different types of stimulation responsive nanoparticles, their interaction modes and targeting strategies towards the plasma membrane ion channels will be systematically summarized. More importantly, the ion channel regulatory methods mediated by functional nanoparticles and their bioapplications associated with physiological modulation and therapeutic development will be discussed. Last but not least, current challenges and future perspectives in this field will be covered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Weisheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Bengang Xing
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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15
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Kwon DH, Zhang F, McCray BA, Kumar M, Sullivan JM, Sumner CJ, Lee SY. Structural insights into TRPV4-Rho GTPase signaling complex function and disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.15.532784. [PMID: 36993766 PMCID: PMC10055143 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk between ion channels and small GTPases is critical during homeostasis and disease 1 , but little is known about the structural underpinnings of these interactions. TRPV4 is a polymodal, calcium-permeable cation channel that has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in multiple conditions 2-5 . Gain-of-function mutations also cause hereditary neuromuscular disease 6-11 . Here, we present cryo-EM structures of human TRPV4 in complex with RhoA in the apo, antagonist-bound closed, and agonist-bound open states. These structures reveal the mechanism of ligand-dependent TRPV4 gating. Channel activation is associated with rigid-body rotation of the intracellular ankyrin repeat domain, but state-dependent interaction with membrane-anchored RhoA constrains this movement. Notably, many residues at the TRPV4-RhoA interface are mutated in disease and perturbing this interface by introducing mutations into either TRPV4 or RhoA increases TRPV4 channel activity. Together, these results suggest that the interaction strength between TRPV4 and RhoA tunes TRPV4-mediated calcium homeostasis and actin remodeling, and that disruption of TRPV4-RhoA interactions leads to TRPV4-related neuromuscular disease, findings that will guide TRPV4 therapeutics development.
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16
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Hou Y, Bando Y, Carrasco Flores D, Hotter V, Das R, Schiweck B, Melzer T, Arndt HD, Mittag M. A cyclic lipopeptide produced by an antagonistic bacterium relies on its tail and transient receptor potential-type Ca 2+ channels to immobilize a green alga. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1620-1635. [PMID: 36464797 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The antagonistic bacterium Pseudomonas protegens secretes the cyclic lipopeptide (CLiP) orfamide A, which triggers a Ca2+ signal causing rapid deflagellation of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We performed chemical synthesis of orfamide A derivatives and used an aequorin reporter line to measure their Ca2+ responses. Immobilization of algae was studied using a modulator and mutants of transient receptor potential (TRP)-type channels. By investigating targeted synthetic orfamide A derivatives, we found that N-terminal amino acids of the linear part and the terminal fatty acid region are important for the specificity of the Ca2+ -signal causing deflagellation. Molecular editing indicates that at least two distinct Ca2+ -signaling pathways are triggered. One is involved in deflagellation (Thr3 change, fatty acid tail shortened by 4C), whereas the other still causes an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in the algal cells, but does not cause substantial deflagellation (Leu1 change, fatty acid hydroxylation, fatty acid changes by 2C). Using mutants, we define four TRP-type channels that are involved in orfamide A signaling; only one (ADF1) responds additionally to low pH. These results suggest that the linear part of the CLiP plays one major role in Ca2+ signaling, and that orfamide A uses a network of algal TRP-type channels for deflagellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Yuko Bando
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - David Carrasco Flores
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Vivien Hotter
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ritam Das
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Bastian Schiweck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Tommy Melzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Mittag
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
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17
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Abstract
The ability to detect stimuli from the environment plays a pivotal role in our survival. The molecules that allow the detection of such signals include ion channels, which are proteins expressed in different cells and organs. Among these ion channels, the transient receptor potential (TRP) family responds to the presence of diverse chemicals, temperature, and osmotic changes, among others. This family of ion channels includes the TRPV or vanilloid subfamily whose members serve several physiological functions. Although these proteins have been studied intensively for the last two decades, owing to their structural and functional complexities, a number of controversies regarding their function still remain. Here, we discuss some salient features of their regulation in light of these controversies and outline some of the efforts pushing the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Rosenbaum
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience Division, Institute for Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, México;
| | - León D Islas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, México
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18
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Kumar PS, Radhakrishnan A, Mukherjee T, Khamaru S, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. Understanding the role of Ca 2+ via transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in viral infection: Implications in developing future antiviral strategies. Virus Res 2023; 323:198992. [PMID: 36309316 PMCID: PMC10194134 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a superfamily of cation-specific permeable channels primarily conducting Ca2+ions across various membranes of the cell. The perturbation of the Ca2+ homeostasis is the hallmark of viral infection. Viruses hijack the host cell Ca2+ signaling, employing tailored Ca2+ requirements via TRP channels to meet their own cellular demands. This review summarizes the importance of Ca2+ across diverse viruses based on the Baltimore classification and focuses on the associated role of Ca2+-conducting TRP channels in viral pathophysiology. More emphasis has been given to the role of the TRP channel in viral life-cycle events such as viral fusion, viral entry, viral replication, virion maturation, and egress. Additionally, this review highlights the TRP channel as a store-operated channel which has been discussed vividly. The TRP channels form an essential aspect of host-virus interaction by virtue of its Ca2+ permeability. These channels are directly involved in regulating the viral calcium dynamics in host cells and thereby affect the viral infection. Considering its immense potential in regulating viral infection, the TRP channels may act as a target for antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sanjai Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India; Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Anukrishna Radhakrishnan
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Tathagata Mukherjee
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Somlata Khamaru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
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19
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Zhang L, Simonsen C, Zimova L, Wang K, Moparthi L, Gaudet R, Ekoff M, Nilsson G, Hellmich UA, Vlachova V, Gourdon P, Zygmunt PM. Cannabinoid non-cannabidiol site modulation of TRPV2 structure and function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7483. [PMID: 36470868 PMCID: PMC9722916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV2 is a ligand-operated temperature sensor with poorly defined pharmacology. Here, we combine calcium imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiology with cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to explore how TRPV2 activity is modulated by the phytocannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabiorcol (C16) and by probenecid. C16 and probenecid act in concert to stimulate TRPV2 responses including histamine release from rat and human mast cells. Each ligand causes distinct conformational changes in TRPV2 as revealed by cryo-EM. Although the binding for probenecid remains elusive, C16 associates within the vanilloid pocket. As such, the C16 binding location is distinct from that of cannabidiol, partially overlapping with the binding site of the TRPV2 inhibitor piperlongumine. Taken together, we discover a new cannabinoid binding site in TRPV2 that is under the influence of allosteric control by probenecid. This molecular insight into ligand modulation enhances our understanding of TRPV2 in normal and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhang
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Simonsen
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lucie Zimova
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kaituo Wang
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lavanya Moparthi
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ,grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rachelle Gaudet
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Maria Ekoff
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Division Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Division Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry and Cluster of Excellence “Balance of the Microverse”, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Viktorie Vlachova
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter M. Zygmunt
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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20
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Gao X, Kuo CW, Main A, Brown E, Rios FJ, Camargo LDL, Mary S, Wypijewski K, Gök C, Touyz RM, Fuller W. Palmitoylation regulates cellular distribution of and transmembrane Ca flux through TrpM7. Cell Calcium 2022; 106:102639. [PMID: 36027648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The bifunctional cation channel/kinase TrpM7 is ubiquitously expressed and regulates embryonic development and pathogenesis of several common diseases. The TrpM7 integral membrane ion channel domain regulates transmembrane movement of divalent cations, and its kinase domain controls gene expression via histone phosphorylation. Mechanisms regulating TrpM7 are elusive. It exists in two populations in the cell: at the cell surface where it controls divalent cation fluxes, and in intracellular vesicles where it controls zinc uptake and release. Here we report that TrpM7 is palmitoylated at a cluster of cysteines at the C terminal end of its Trp domain. Palmitoylation controls the exit of TrpM7 from the endoplasmic reticulum and the distribution of TrpM7 between cell surface and intracellular pools. Using the Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) system, we demonstrate that palmitoylated TrpM7 traffics from the Golgi to the surface membrane whereas non-palmitoylated TrpM7 is sequestered in intracellular vesicles. We identify the Golgi-resident enzyme zDHHC17 and surface membrane-resident enzyme zDHHC5 as responsible for palmitoylating TrpM7 and find that TrpM7-mediated transmembrane calcium uptake is significantly reduced when TrpM7 is not palmitoylated. The closely related channel/kinase TrpM6 is also palmitoylated on the C terminal side of its Trp domain. Our findings demonstrate that palmitoylation controls ion channel activity of TrpM7 and that TrpM7 trafficking is dependant on its palmitoylation. We define a new mechanism for post translational modification and regulation of TrpM7 and other Trps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Chien-Wen Kuo
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Main
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Brown
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Livia De Lucca Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sheon Mary
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Krzysztof Wypijewski
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Caglar Gök
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - William Fuller
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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21
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Zamri MHB, Ujihara Y, Nakamura M, Mofrad MRK, Sugita S. Decoding the Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on TRPV1 Lower-Gate Conformation by Molecular-Dynamics Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137366. [PMID: 35806371 PMCID: PMC9266826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to hydrostatic pressure, the cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is essential in signaling pathways linked to glaucoma. When activated, TRPV1 undergoes a gating transition from a closed to an open state that allows the influx of Ca2+ ions. However, the gating mechanism of TRPV1 in response to hydrostatic pressure at the molecular level is still lacking. To understand the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the activation of TRPV1, we conducted molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations on TRPV1 under different hydrostatic pressure configurations, with and without a cell membrane. The TRPV1 membrane-embedded model is more stable than the TPRV1-only model, indicating the importance of including the cell membrane in MD simulation. Under elevated pressure at 27.6 mmHg, we observed a more dynamic and outward motion of the TRPV1 domains in the lower-gate area than in the simulation under normal pressure at 12.6 mmHg. While a complete closed-to-open-gate transition was not evident in the limited course of our MD simulations, an increase in the channel radius at the lower gate was observed at 27.6 mmHg versus that at 12.6 mmHg. These findings provide novel information regarding the effect of hydrostatic pressure on TRPV1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Harith Bin Zamri
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; (M.H.B.Z.); (Y.U.); (M.N.)
| | - Yoshihiro Ujihara
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; (M.H.B.Z.); (Y.U.); (M.N.)
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; (M.H.B.Z.); (Y.U.); (M.N.)
- Center of Biomedical Physics and Information Technology, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Mohammad R. K. Mofrad
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Shukei Sugita
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; (M.H.B.Z.); (Y.U.); (M.N.)
- Center of Biomedical Physics and Information Technology, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-735-7125
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22
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Cabezas-Bratesco D, Mcgee FA, Colenso CK, Zavala K, Granata D, Carnevale V, Opazo JC, Brauchi SE. Sequence and structural conservation reveal fingerprint residues in TRP channels. eLife 2022; 11:73645. [PMID: 35686986 PMCID: PMC9242649 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a large family of cation-selective channels, surpassed in variety only by voltage-gated potassium channels. Detailed molecular mechanisms governing how membrane voltage, ligand binding, or temperature can induce conformational changes promoting the open state in TRP channels are still a matter of debate. Aiming to unveil distinctive structural features common to the transmembrane domains within the TRP family, we performed phylogenetic reconstruction, sequence statistics, and structural analysis over a large set of TRP channel genes. Here, we report an exceptionally conserved set of residues. This fingerprint is composed of twelve residues localized at equivalent three-dimensional positions in TRP channels from the different subtypes. Moreover, these amino acids are arranged in three groups, connected by a set of aromatics located at the core of the transmembrane structure. We hypothesize that differences in the connectivity between these different groups of residues harbor the apparent differences in coupling strategies used by TRP subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco A Mcgee
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Charlotte K Colenso
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kattina Zavala
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniele Granata
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | | | - Juan C Opazo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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23
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Pumroy RA, Protopopova AD, Fricke TC, Lange IU, Haug FM, Nguyen PT, Gallo PN, Sousa BB, Bernardes GJL, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Leffler A, Moiseenkova-Bell VY. Structural insights into TRPV2 activation by small molecules. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2334. [PMID: 35484159 PMCID: PMC9051106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) is involved in many critical physiological and pathophysiological processes, making it a promising drug target. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of rat TRPV2 in lipid nanodiscs activated by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and propose a TRPV2-specific 2-ABP binding site at the interface of S5 of one monomer and the S4-S5 linker of the adjacent monomer. In silico docking and electrophysiological studies confirm the key role of His521 and Arg539 in 2-APB activation of TRPV2. Additionally, electrophysiological experiments show that the combination of 2-APB and cannabidiol has a synergetic effect on TRPV2 activation, and cryo-EM structures demonstrate that both drugs were able to bind simultaneously. Together, our cryo-EM structures represent multiple functional states of the channel, providing a native picture of TRPV2 activation by small molecules and a structural framework for the development of TRPV2-specific activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Pumroy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Anna D Protopopova
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Tabea C Fricke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Iris U Lange
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Ferdinand M Haug
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Phuong T Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Pamela N Gallo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Bárbara B Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Andreas Leffler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
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24
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York JM, Zakon HH. OUP accepted manuscript. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:6519823. [PMID: 35106545 PMCID: PMC8857925 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals rely on their sensory systems to inform them of ecologically relevant environmental variation. In the Southern Ocean, the thermal environment has remained between −1.9 and 5 °C for 15 Myr, yet we have no knowledge of how an Antarctic marine organism might sense their thermal habitat as we have yet to discover a thermosensitive ion channel that gates (opens/closes) below 10 °C. Here, we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are the primary thermosensors in animals, within cryonotothenioid fishes—the dominant fish fauna of the Southern Ocean. We found cryonotothenioids have a similar complement of TRP channels as other teleosts (∼28 genes). Previous work has shown that thermosensitive gating in a given channel is species specific, and multiple channels act together to sense the thermal environment. Therefore, we combined evidence of changes in selective pressure, gene gain/loss dynamics, and the first sensory ganglion transcriptome in this clade to identify the best candidate TRP channels that might have a functional dynamic range relevant for frigid Antarctic temperatures. We concluded that TRPV1a, TRPA1b, and TRPM4 are the likeliest putative thermosensors, and found evidence of diversifying selection at sites across these proteins. We also put forward hypotheses for molecular mechanisms of other cryonotothenioid adaptations, such as reduced skeletal calcium deposition, sensing oxidative stress, and unusual magnesium homeostasis. By completing a comprehensive and unbiased survey of these genes, we lay the groundwork for functional characterization and answering long-standing thermodynamic questions of thermosensitive gating and protein adaptation to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M York
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Harold H Zakon
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, USA
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25
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Advances in TRP channel drug discovery: from target validation to clinical studies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:41-59. [PMID: 34526696 PMCID: PMC8442523 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are multifunctional signalling molecules with many roles in sensory perception and cellular physiology. Therefore, it is not surprising that TRP channels have been implicated in numerous diseases, including hereditary disorders caused by defects in genes encoding TRP channels (TRP channelopathies). Most TRP channels are located at the cell surface, which makes them generally accessible drug targets. Early drug discovery efforts to target TRP channels focused on pain, but as our knowledge of TRP channels and their role in health and disease has grown, these efforts have expanded into new clinical indications, ranging from respiratory disorders through neurological and psychiatric diseases to diabetes and cancer. In this Review, we discuss recent findings in TRP channel structural biology that can affect both drug development and clinical indications. We also discuss the clinical promise of novel TRP channel modulators, aimed at both established and emerging targets. Last, we address the challenges that these compounds may face in clinical practice, including the need for carefully targeted approaches to minimize potential side-effects due to the multifunctional roles of TRP channels.
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26
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Zhao Y, McVeigh BM, Moiseenkova-Bell VY. Structural Pharmacology of TRP Channels. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166914. [PMID: 33676926 PMCID: PMC8338738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are a super-family of ion channels that mediate transmembrane cation flux with polymodal activation, ranging from chemical to physical stimuli. Furthermore, due to their ubiquitous expression and role in human diseases, they serve as potential pharmacological targets. Advances in cryo-EM TRP channel structural biology has revealed general, as well as diverse, architectural elements and regulatory sites among TRP channel subfamilies. Here, we review the endogenous and pharmacological ligand-binding sites of TRP channels and their regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Zhao
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bridget M McVeigh
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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27
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Pérez-Gordones MC, Ramírez-Iglesias JR, Benaim G, Mendoza M. A store-operated Ca 2+-entry in Trypanosoma equiperdum: Physiological evidences of its presence. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 244:111394. [PMID: 34216677 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Trypanosomatidae family encompasses many unicellular organisms responsible of several tropical diseases that affect humans and animals. Livestock tripanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. brucei), Trypanosoma equiperdum (T. equiperdum) and Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi), have a significant socio-economic impact and limit animal protein productivity throughout the intertropical zones of the world. Similarly, to all organisms, the maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis is vital for these parasites, and the mechanism involved in the intracellular Ca2+ regulation have been widely described. However, the evidences related to the mechanisms responsible for the Ca2+ entry are scarce. Even more, to date the presence of a store-operated Ca2+ channel (SOC) has not been reported. Despite the apparent absence of Orai and STIM-like proteins in these parasites, in the present work we demonstrate the presence of a store-operated Ca2+-entry (SOCE) in T. equiperdum, using physiological techniques. This Ca2+-entry is induced by thapsigargin (TG) and 2,5-di-t-butyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ), and inhibited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2APB). Additionally, the use of bioinformatics techniques allowed us to identify putative transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, present in members of the Trypanozoon family, which would be possible candidates responsible for the SOCE described in the present work in T. equiperdum.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Pérez-Gordones
- Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - José R Ramírez-Iglesias
- Group of Neglected and Emerging Diseases, Epidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gustavo Benaim
- Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela; Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marta Mendoza
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios, Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez, Caracas, Venezuela.
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28
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Ruan Z, Haley E, Orozco IJ, Sabat M, Myers R, Roth R, Du J, Lü W. Structures of the TRPM5 channel elucidate mechanisms of activation and inhibition. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:604-613. [PMID: 34168372 PMCID: PMC8767786 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+-activated TRPM5 channel plays essential roles in taste perception and insulin secretion. However, the mechanism by which Ca2+ regulates TRPM5 activity remains elusive. We report cryo-EM structures of the zebrafish TRPM5 in an apo closed state, a Ca2+-bound open state, and an antagonist-bound inhibited state. We define two novel ligand binding sites: a Ca2+ site (CaICD) in the intracellular domain and an antagonist site in the transmembrane domain (TMD). The CaICD site is unique to TRPM5 and has two roles: modulating the voltage dependence and promoting Ca2+ binding to the CaTMD site, which is conserved throughout TRPM channels. Conformational changes initialized from both Ca2+ sites cooperatively open the ion-conducting pore. The antagonist NDNA wedges into the space between the S1-S4 domain and pore domain, stabilizing the transmembrane domain in an apo-like closed state. Our results lay the foundation for understanding the voltage-dependent TRPM channels and developing new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ruan
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Emery Haley
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Ian J. Orozco
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Mark Sabat
- Takeda California Inc, 9625 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Richard Myers
- Takeda California Inc, 9625 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Rebecca Roth
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Juan Du
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503,CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J. D. () TEL: (616) 234-5358, FAX: 616-234-5170 or W. L. (). TEL: (616) 234-5022, FAX: 616-234-5170
| | - Wei Lü
- Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503,CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J. D. () TEL: (616) 234-5358, FAX: 616-234-5170 or W. L. (). TEL: (616) 234-5022, FAX: 616-234-5170
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29
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Two Decades of Evolution of Our Understanding of the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 (TRPM2) Cation Channel. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11050397. [PMID: 33925466 PMCID: PMC8145809 DOI: 10.3390/life11050397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) family belongs to the superfamily of TRP ion channels. It consists of eight family members that are involved in a plethora of cellular functions. TRPM2 is a homotetrameric Ca2+-permeable cation channel activated upon oxidative stress and is important, among others, for body heat control, immune cell activation and insulin secretion. Invertebrate TRPM2 proteins are channel enzymes; they hydrolyze the activating ligand, ADP-ribose, which is likely important for functional regulation. Since its cloning in 1998, the understanding of the biophysical properties of the channel has greatly advanced due to a vast number of structure–function studies. The physiological regulators of the channel have been identified and characterized in cell-free systems. In the wake of the recent structural biochemistry revolution, several TRPM2 cryo-EM structures have been published. These structures have helped to understand the general features of the channel, but at the same time have revealed unexplained mechanistic differences among channel orthologues. The present review aims at depicting the major research lines in TRPM2 structure-function. It discusses biophysical properties of the pore and the mode of action of direct channel effectors, and interprets these functional properties on the basis of recent three-dimensional structural models.
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30
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Mapping temperature-dependent conformational change in the voltage-sensing domain of an engineered heat-activated K + channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017280118. [PMID: 33782120 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017280118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature-dependent regulation of ion channel activity is critical for a variety of physiological processes ranging from immune response to perception of noxious stimuli. Our understanding of the structural mechanisms that underlie temperature sensing remains limited, in part due to the difficulty of combining high-resolution structural analysis with temperature stimulus. Here, we use NMR to compare the temperature-dependent behavior of Shaker potassium channel voltage sensor domain (WT-VSD) to its engineered temperature sensitive (TS-VSD) variant. Further insight into the molecular basis for temperature-dependent behavior is obtained by analyzing the experimental results together with molecular dynamics simulations. Our studies reveal that the overall secondary structure of the engineered TS-VSD is identical to the wild-type channels except for local changes in backbone torsion angles near the site of substitution (V369S and F370S). Remarkably however, these structural differences result in increased hydration of the voltage-sensing arginines and the S4-S5 linker helix in the TS-VSD at higher temperatures, in contrast to the WT-VSD. These findings highlight how subtle differences in the primary structure can result in large-scale changes in solvation and thereby confer increased temperature-dependent activity beyond that predicted by linear summation of solvation energies of individual substituents.
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31
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Goretzki B, Guhl C, Tebbe F, Harder JM, Hellmich UA. Unstructural Biology of TRP Ion Channels: The Role of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Channel Function and Regulation. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166931. [PMID: 33741410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first genuine high-resolution single particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of a membrane protein determined was a transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel, TRPV1, in 2013. This methodical breakthrough opened up a whole new world for structural biology and ion channel aficionados alike. TRP channels capture the imagination due to the sheer endless number of tasks they carry out in all aspects of animal physiology. To date, structures of at least one representative member of each of the six mammalian TRP channel subfamilies as well as of a few non-mammalian families have been determined. These structures were instrumental for a better understanding of TRP channel function and regulation. However, all of the TRP channel structures solved so far are incomplete since they miss important information about highly flexible regions found mostly in the channel N- and C-termini. These intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) can represent between a quarter to almost half of the entire protein sequence and act as important recruitment hubs for lipids and regulatory proteins. Here, we analyze the currently available TRP channel structures with regard to the extent of these "missing" regions and compare these findings to disorder predictions. We discuss select examples of intra- and intermolecular crosstalk of TRP channel IDRs with proteins and lipids as well as the effect of splicing and post-translational modifications, to illuminate their importance for channel function and to complement the prevalently discussed structural biology of these versatile and fascinating proteins with their equally relevant 'unstructural' biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Goretzki
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Charlotte Guhl
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; TransMED - Mainz Research School of Translational Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederike Tebbe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jean-Martin Harder
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; TransMED - Mainz Research School of Translational Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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32
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Zubcevic L. Temperature‐sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid channels: structural insights into ligand‐dependent activation. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:3542-3559. [DOI: 10.1111/bph.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Zubcevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The University of Kansas School of Medicine Kansas City KS USA
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33
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Bhardwaj R, Lindinger S, Neuberger A, Nadezhdin KD, Singh AK, Cunha MR, Derler I, Gyimesi G, Reymond JL, Hediger MA, Romanin C, Sobolevsky AI. Inactivation-mimicking block of the epithelial calcium channel TRPV6. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabe1508. [PMID: 33246965 PMCID: PMC7695471 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial calcium channel TRPV6 plays vital roles in calcium homeostasis, and its dysregulation is implicated in multifactorial diseases, including cancers. Here, we study the molecular mechanism of selective nanomolar-affinity TRPV6 inhibition by (4-phenylcyclohexyl)piperazine derivatives (PCHPDs). We use x-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy to solve the inhibitor-bound structures of TRPV6 and identify two types of inhibitor binding sites in the transmembrane region: (i) modulatory sites between the S1-S4 and pore domains normally occupied by lipids and (ii) the main site in the ion channel pore. Our structural data combined with mutagenesis, functional and computational approaches suggest that PCHPDs plug the open pore of TRPV6 and convert the channel into a nonconducting state, mimicking the action of calmodulin, which causes inactivation of TRPV6 channels under physiological conditions. This mechanism of inhibition explains the high selectivity and potency of PCHPDs and opens up unexplored avenues for the design of future-generation biomimetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Bhardwaj
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Lindinger
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Appu K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Micael R Cunha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Gergely Gyimesi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias A Hediger
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Romanin
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria.
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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