1
|
Cox DTC, Gaston KJ. Cathemerality: a key temporal niche. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:329-347. [PMID: 37839797 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the marked variation in abiotic and biotic conditions between day and night, many species specialise their physical activity to being diurnal or nocturnal, and it was long thought that these strategies were commonly fairly fixed and invariant. The term 'cathemeral', was coined in 1987, when Tattersall noted activity in a Madagascan primate during the hours of both daylight and darkness. Initially thought to be rare, cathemerality is now known to be a quite widespread form of time partitioning amongst arthropods, fish, birds, and mammals. Herein we provide a synthesis of present understanding of cathemeral behaviour, arguing that it should routinely be included alongside diurnal and nocturnal strategies in schemes that distinguish and categorise species across taxa according to temporal niche. This synthesis is particularly timely because (i) the study of animal activity patterns is being revolutionised by new and improved technologies; (ii) it is becoming apparent that cathemerality covers a diverse range of obligate to facultative forms, each with their own common sets of functional traits, geographic ranges and evolutionary history; (iii) daytime and nighttime activity likely plays an important but currently neglected role in temporal niche partitioning and ecosystem functioning; and (iv) cathemerality may have an important role in the ability of species to adapt to human-mediated pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T C Cox
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vermeulen MM, Fritz H, Strauss WM, Hetem RS, Venter JA. Seasonal activity patterns of a Kalahari mammal community: Trade-offs between environmental heat load and predation pressure. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11304. [PMID: 38628919 PMCID: PMC11019135 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammals in arid zones have to trade off thermal stress, predation pressure, and time spent foraging in a complex thermal landscape. We quantified the relationship between the environmental heat load and activity of a mammal community in the hot, arid Kalahari Desert. We deployed miniature black globe thermometers within the existing Snapshot Safari camera trap grid on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, South Africa. Using the camera traps to record species' activity throughout the 24-h cycle, we quantified changes in the activity patterns of mammal species in relation to heat loads in their local environment. We compared the heat load during which species were active between two sites with differing predator guilds, one where lion (Panthera leo) biomass dominated the carnivore guild and the other where lions were absent. In the presence of lion, prey species were generally active under significantly higher heat loads, especially during the hot and dry spring. We suggest that increased foraging under high heat loads highlights the need to meet nutritional requirements while avoiding nocturnal activity when predatory pressures are high. Such a trade-off may become increasingly costly under the hotter and drier conditions predicted to become more prevalent as a result of climate change within the arid and semi-arid regions of southern Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika M. Vermeulen
- Department of Conservation ManagementNelson Mandela UniversityGeorgeWestern CapeSouth Africa
| | - Hervé Fritz
- Sustainability Research UnitNelson Mandela UniversityGeorgeWestern CapeSouth Africa
- International Research LaboratoryREHABS, CNRS – Université de Lyon 1 – Nelson Mandela UniversityGeorgeWestern CapeSouth Africa
| | - W. Maartin Strauss
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Robyn S. Hetem
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgGautengSouth Africa
| | - Jan A. Venter
- Department of Conservation ManagementNelson Mandela UniversityGeorgeWestern CapeSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reid N. Survival, movements, home range size and dispersal of hares after coursing and/or translocation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286771. [PMID: 37267331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hare coursing is the pursuit of a hare by dogs for sport. In recent years in Ireland, between 2,900 to 3,700 hares have been caught from the wild (under Government license) and held in captivity for up to 8 weeks. Hares are given a head start and coursed in an enclosed arena by two muzzled greyhounds where the object is not to kill the hare, but judge the dogs on their ability to turn the hare which escapes under a partition through which the dogs cannot follow. Recent licence returns suggest over 99% of hares survive and are released back into the wild. This study aimed to assess survival and behaviour of coursed hares after their release sometimes into unfamiliar territory. Forty hares were tracked using GPS-radio collars for six months after release in a factorial experimental design to test the impact of coursing and translocation on survival, movements, home range size and dispersal. Coursed and uncoursed hares did not differ in observed mortality rates, movements, home range sizes or dispersal distances after release back into the wild though fewer coursed than uncoursed hares were relocated six months after release, due to a combination of collar strap failures and radio silence. Spatial behavior was similar between the cohorts once translocated hares, which moved further and had larger home range sizes during the first four days after release, had settled. Two hares released shortly before sunset were killed in road traffic collisions during their first night. Releasing hares during daylight, preferably as early as possible, may provide time for animals to settle before darkness. Suggestions are made for potential methodological improvements such as the use of cellular (mobile phone) or satellite communication technology mounted on stouter straps to reduce failures and improve relocation rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
High Frequency of Apodemus Mice Boosts Inverse Activity Pattern of Bank Voles, Clethrionomys glareolus, through Non-Aggressive Intraguild Competition. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13060981. [PMID: 36978522 PMCID: PMC10044290 DOI: 10.3390/ani13060981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympatric animals with similar requirements can separate their ecological niches along the microhabitat, food and time axes. There may be alternative reasons for an interspecific different activity pattern, such as intraspecific social constraints, predator avoidance or physical conditions such as temperature, precipitation and illumination. We investigated the importance of intraguild competition in a 2-year study in an inner-alpine mixed forest, using small forest rodents as our model species. Apodemus mice were the physically superior, and bank voles, Clethrionomys glareolus, the inferior competitor. We predicted that bank voles would exhibit increased diurnal activity when frequencies of the almost exclusively nocturnal Apodemus mice were high during a seed mast year. To investigate this, we recorded 19,138 1 min videos. Controlling for confounding variables, bank vole diurnal activity was significantly related to the frequency of Apodemus mice. We assume that at high densities of Apodemus mice, a purely nocturnal separation in the niche dimensions of time, habitat and microhabitat is no longer sufficient, and therefore an inverse activity pattern by the bank voles is reinforced. Our videos showed, however, that this does not require persistent aggressive meetings and we explain this by the long co-evolution of the taxa under study.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tobajas J, Ramos‐López B, Piqué J, Sanchez‐Rojas G. Predation risk in tree squirrels: implications of the presence of free‐ranging dogs. J Zool (1987) 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Tobajas
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC, CISC‐UCLM‐JCCM) Ciudad Real Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, (UAEH), Área Académica de Biología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Mineral de la Reforma Mexico
| | - B. Ramos‐López
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC, CISC‐UCLM‐JCCM) Ciudad Real Spain
- TYC GIS Soluciones Integrales S.L. Madrid Spain
| | - J. Piqué
- TRAGSATEC, Calle Julián Camarillo 6B Madrid Spain
| | - G. Sanchez‐Rojas
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, (UAEH), Área Académica de Biología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Mineral de la Reforma Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Russo LF, Fernández-González Á, Penteriani V, Delgado MDM, Palazón S, Loy A, Di Febbraro M. The Different Fate of the Pyrenean Desman ( Galemys pyrenaicus) and the Eurasian Otter ( Lutra lutra) under Climate and Land Use Changes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020274. [PMID: 36670813 PMCID: PMC9854453 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate and land use change can affect biodiversity in different ways, e.g., determining habitat loss, altering reproduction periods or disrupting biotic interactions. Here, we investigate the effects of climate and land use change on the spatial distribution of two semi-aquatic mammals, the Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) and the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra). We first modeled the current potential distribution of the desman and the otter in the Iberian Peninsula, considering topographic, climatic and land use variables. Second, we predicted their potential distribution in 2050 under climate and land use change scenarios. We calculated the percentage of range gain/loss and shift predicted for the two species under such scenarios and quantified the present and future spatial overlap between the two species distribution. Irrespective of the scenario, desman models show loss of suitable habitat, whereas the otter will undergo an opposite trend. Aside from a preponderant habitat loss, the desman is predicted to increase its spatial overlap with otter range under the optimistic scenarios, potentially meaning it will face an exacerbated predation by otters. The potential increase of both habitat loss and otters' predation might represent a major threat for the desman, which may affect the long-term persistence of this endemic species in the Iberian Peninsula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Francesco Russo
- EnvixLab, Department of Biosciences and Territory, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Penteriani
- National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN), Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María del Mar Delgado
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB), CSIC/UO/PA, Campus de Mieres, Edificio de Investigación, 33600 Mieres, Spain
| | - Santiago Palazón
- Direcció General de Polítiques Ambientals i Medi Natural, Generalitat of Catalonia, Carrer del Foc, 57, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo Nutria, Sociedad Española Para la Conservación y Estudio de los Mamíferos (SECEM), 29080 Málaga, Spain
| | - Anna Loy
- EnvixLab, Department of Biosciences and Territory, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Mirko Di Febbraro
- EnvixLab, Department of Biosciences and Territory, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-087-4404-4147
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Banjade M, Jeong YH, Jin SD, Son SH, Kunwar A, Park SM, Lee JW, Choi SH, Oh HS. Spatiotemporal overlap between Siberian roe deer ( Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) and sympatric mammalian species on Jeju Island, South Korea. MAMMALIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2022-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Analysis of spatiotemporal partitioning is pivotal to shed light on interspecific coexistence. Most research efforts have involved large-sized carnivores and their prey species, whereas little attention has been given to ungulate in the predator-free ecosystems. We assessed seasonal activity patterns and spatiotemporal overlap among the Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) and its sympatric species through camera-trapping from October 2017 and September 2020 in Jeju Island, South Korea. Trap events when compared seasonally, roe deer show higher activity in summer (34.9%), a pronounced low in winter (14.1%), and a moderate in autumn (23.8%) and in spring (26.9%). Roe deer exhibited bimodal activity patterns and had the highest spatiotemporal overlap and composite score with sika deer (Cervus nippon). Our results are among the few available data on the interaction of sympatric species and suggest strong overlapping with sika deer. This study provides important insight into species coexistence in predator-free habitats, which would be important for management initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maniram Banjade
- Practical Translational Research Center , Jeju National Univeristy , Jeju-si , South Korea
| | - Young-Hun Jeong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science , Jeju National University , Jeju 63243 , South Korea
| | - Seon-Deok Jin
- National Institute of Ecology , Seocheon-gun Chungnam 33657 , South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Son
- National Institute of Ecology , Seocheon-gun Chungnam 33657 , South Korea
| | - Amar Kunwar
- Community Ecology and Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Seon-Mi Park
- Practical Translational Research Center , Jeju National Univeristy , Jeju-si , South Korea
| | - Jun-Won Lee
- Faculty of Science Education , Jeju National University , Jeju 63243 , South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science , Jeju National University , Jeju 63243 , South Korea
| | - Hong-Shik Oh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science , Jeju National University , Jeju 63243 , South Korea
- Faculty of Science Education , Jeju National University , Jeju 63243 , South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meliane MK, Petretto M, Saidi A, Chetoui A, Gilbert T, Nasri‐Ammar K. Daily and seasonal activity patterns of the dorcas gazelle, scimitar‐horned oryx,
north‐African
ostrich and canids in an arid habitat. Afr J Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khalil Meliane
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Biodiversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
- Marwell Wildlife Colden Common, Winchester UK
| | | | - Amira Saidi
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Biodiversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
- Marwell Wildlife Colden Common, Winchester UK
| | | | - Tania Gilbert
- Marwell Wildlife Colden Common, Winchester UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Karima Nasri‐Ammar
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Biodiversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vazquez MS, Schenone L, Rodriguez-Cabal MA, Amico GC. Modeling spatio-temporal activity dynamics of the small relict marsupial Dromiciops gliroides. Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-022-00331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Feng L, Qin H, Li J, Li X, Feng J, Jiang T. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing the emergence and return of the Asian particolored bat Vespertilio sinensis to the summer roost. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8890. [PMID: 35600692 PMCID: PMC9106590 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in the health and survival of organisms. However, little is known concerning how intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect animal daily rhythms in the field, especially in nocturnal animals. Here, we investigated the first emergence, mid-emergence, and return times of Vespertilio sinensis, and also integrated environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and light intensity) and biotic factors (reproductive status and predation risk) to determine causes of variation in the activity rhythms of the bats. We found that variation in the first emergence time, the mid-emergence time, and the final return time were distinct. The results demonstrated that the emergence and return times of bats were affected by light intensity, reproductive status, and predation risk in a relatively complex pattern. Light intensity had the greatest contribution to activity rhythms. Moreover, we first investigated the effects of actual predators on the activity rhythms of bats; the results showed that the mid-emergence time of bats was earlier as predators were hunting, but the final return time was later when predators were present. Finally, our results also highlighted the importance of higher energy demands during the lactation in bats to variation in activity rhythms. These results improve our understanding of the patterns and causes of variation in activity rhythms in bats and other nocturnal animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and UtilizationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education MinistryInstitute of Grassland ScienceNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hexuan Qin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and UtilizationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education MinistryInstitute of Grassland ScienceNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jiang Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and UtilizationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Tinglei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and UtilizationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education MinistryInstitute of Grassland ScienceNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gracanin A, Mikac KM. Camera traps reveal overlap and seasonal variation in the diel activity of arboreal and semi-arboreal mammals. Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOur study aimed to investigate seasonal variation in the activity of arboreal and semi-arboreal mammals and investigate their overlap in temporal activity, as well temporal shifts in activity because of behavioural interference. In our camera trapping study in a fragmented landscape in south-eastern Australia, a total of ten arboreal and semi-arboreal species were found, with 35,671 independent observations recorded over 6517 camera trap nights. All species were found to be nocturnal; however, a notable number of daytime observations were made for several species (i.e. brown antechinus, Antechinus stuartii; sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps; bush rat, Rattus fuscipes; brown rat, Rattus norvegicus). Seasonal variations in diel activity were observed through an increase in crepuscular activity in spring and summer for antechinus, sugar gliders, brown rats, brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula and ringtail possums, Pseudocheirus peregrinus. Diel activity overlap between species was high, that is 26/28 species comparisons had overlap coefficients (Δ) > 0.75. The species pair with the least amount of overlap was between southern bobucks, Trichosurus cunninghami and brown antechinus (Δ4 = 0.66). The species pair with the most overlap was between the native sugar glider and introduced brown rat (Δ4 = 0.93). When comparing the activity of sugar gliders in sites with low and high abundance of brown rats, sugar gliders appear to shift their activity relative to the brown rats. Similarly, behavioural interference was also observed between antechinus and sugar gliders, and when comparing sites of low and high abundance of sugar glider, antechinus had a shift in activity. Our work provides some of the first quantification of temporal patterns for several of the species in this study, and the first for a community of arboreal and semi-arboreal mammals. Our results indicate that some shifts in behaviour are potentially occurring in response to behavioural interference, allowing for coexistence by means of temporal partitioning.
Collapse
|
12
|
Viviano A, Scarfò M, Mori E. Temporal Partitioning between Forest-Dwelling Small Rodents in a Mediterranean Deciduous Woodland. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030279. [PMID: 35158603 PMCID: PMC8833473 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal partitioning is reported as one of the main strategies adopted by coexisting mammal species to limit interspecific competition and behavioural interference. In the last decades, camera-trapping surveys have provided valuable insights in assessing temporal niche and activity rhythms of medium and large-sized mammalian species. Conversely, this method has been poorly applied to small rodents. In this work we aimed at assessing temporal niche partitioning between two species of forest-dwelling small rodents—Apodemus flavicollis and Clethrionomys glareolus—by means of intensive camera-trapping. Camera traps were placed in areas where previous genetic analyses have confirmed the only presence of A. flavicollis amongst wood mice species, to prevent misinterpretation of records. We collected 124 independent records of A. flavicollis and 67 records of C. glareolus over three years. The former was mostly nocturnal, with activity peaking after midnight, whereas the latter was mostly active at dawn and dusk. Therefore, a limited temporal overlap was observed, confirming the potential for interspecific competition. Intraguild interference competition between A. flavicollis and C. glareolus may play a pivotal role forcing C. glareolus to be more active in daylight hours where, the more strictly nocturnal A. flavicollis is present. Nocturnal activity of C. glareolus was limited and not influenced by moon phases, whereas A. flavicollis was mostly active in the darkest nights, avoiding bright moonlight nights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Viviano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, Produzioni Agroalimentari e Gestione degli Agroecosistemi, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuel Scarfò
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy;
| | - Emiliano Mori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Factors affecting bighorn sheep activity at water developments in southwestern Arizona. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
14
|
Bolas EC, Sollmann R, Crooks KR, Boydston EE, Shaskey L, Boser CL, Dillon A, Van Vuren DH. Role of microhabitat and temporal activity in facilitating coexistence of endemic carnivores on the California Channel Islands. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Most extinctions worldwide have occurred on islands, primarily due to interactions with exotic species, but rarely due to interactions among endemic species. This potential exists on two of the California Channel Islands, Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa, as endemic island spotted skunks (Spilogale gracilis amphiala) appear to have rapidly declined to rarity, possibly due to interference competition with endemic island foxes (Urocyon littoralis). Niche partitioning is expected in response to interference competition; hence, it is surprising that skunks and foxes show extensive overlap in macrohabitat use and circadian activity. However, the role of microhabitat associations and fine-scale temporal activity in facilitating coexistence of the two species has not been explored. We evaluated microhabitat associations of island spotted skunks and island foxes across both islands using data from live traps and wildlife cameras collected during 2015–2017, and we analyzed fine-scale temporal activity using camera data from 2016 and 2017. On both islands, skunks had a positive response to ground-level cover provided by rugged topography or woody vegetation such as shrubs or trees, whereas foxes had a weak or negative response, suggesting partitioning of these microhabitat characteristics. Additionally, on both islands the peak in timing of skunk activity offset the peak for foxes, which implies that skunks use fine-scale adjustments in activity to avoid foxes. Past grazing by exotic herbivores likely reduced habitat refuges for skunks; however, as vegetation on both islands recovers, regrowth of shrubs and trees may provide cover that will improve prospects for coexistence of island spotted skunks and island foxes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Bolas
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rahel Sollmann
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin R Crooks
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 115 Wagar, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Laura Shaskey
- Channel Islands National Park, 1901 Spinnaker Drive, Ventura, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam Dillon
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 115 Wagar, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dirk H Van Vuren
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schlater SM, Ringenberg JM, Bickford N, Ranglack DH. WHITE-TAILED JACKRABBITS: A REVIEW AND CALL FOR RESEARCH. SOUTHWEST NAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-65.2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Schlater
- University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11th Avenue, Kearney, NE 68849 (SMS, JMR, NB, DHR)
| | - Jourdan M. Ringenberg
- University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11th Avenue, Kearney, NE 68849 (SMS, JMR, NB, DHR)
| | - Nate Bickford
- University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11th Avenue, Kearney, NE 68849 (SMS, JMR, NB, DHR)
| | - Dustin H. Ranglack
- University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2401 11th Avenue, Kearney, NE 68849 (SMS, JMR, NB, DHR)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Habitat-Related Differences in Winter Presence and Spring–Summer Activity of Roe Deer in Warsaw. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12080970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary research conducted in Warsaw in the 1970s and 2000s showed that roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) stayed in forest habitat and avoided anthropogenic areas. Activity and exploration patterns of animals are shaped by indices of anthropogenic disturbances, elevated in large cities. The aims of the study were (1) to compare the presence of roe deer in natural and anthropogenic habitats of Warsaw during three periods: 1976–1978, 2005–2008 and 2017–2021, based on snow tracking on transect routes (681.2 km in total), and (2) to describe the presence and activity of roe deer in relation to human disturbances in selected urban forests in its reproductive period (March–August), based on camera trap survey (2019–2020, 859 observations, 5317 trap-days in total). The number of tracks was higher in natural habitat during all three periods, with the highest value in 2017–2021 (9.85/km/24h). The peak of roe deer activity was recorded at dusk, and it changed with moon phases between spring and summer. Landscape connectivity and level of light pollution did not affect the activity pattern of roe deer. Our research showed that roe deer inhabiting urban areas avoided human presence by using well-covered habitats and being active in periods when the level of human disturbance was lower.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sévêque A, Gentle LK, Vicente López‐Bao J, Yarnell RW, Uzal A. Impact of human disturbance on temporal partitioning within carnivore communities. Mamm Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Sévêque
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences Nottingham Trent University Southwell NottinghamshireNG25 0QFUK
| | - Louise K. Gentle
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences Nottingham Trent University Southwell NottinghamshireNG25 0QFUK
| | | | - Richard W. Yarnell
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences Nottingham Trent University Southwell NottinghamshireNG25 0QFUK
| | - Antonio Uzal
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences Nottingham Trent University Southwell NottinghamshireNG25 0QFUK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lobo JM, Cuesta E. Seasonal variation in the diel activity of a dung beetle assemblage. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11786. [PMID: 34306833 PMCID: PMC8280883 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The seasonal and diel variations of dung beetle species were studied in an Iberian mid-mountain locality to examine the interaction between these two temporal rhythms. We assume that a seasonal variation in the diel activity would support the notion that both rhythms may assist in achieving a quick and flexible response when the climatic conditions change. Data coming from 4,104 pitfall traps placed during 15 sampling periods and totalling 30 daily sampling cycles were analysed using circular statistics and General Linear Models. A wide variety of seasonal patterns are observed, highlighting those species with a clear unimodal or spring-autumn bimodal seasonal pattern. However, a midday diel pattern is the norm in most of the species, except in the case of those exhibiting a high body weight that prefer dusk or night periods. We hypothesize that most of the dung beetle species fly at noon to promote the passive heating of their muscle activity and minimize the metabolic energy expenditure. Results only partially support the seasonal variation in diel activity. Diel preferences are mainly manifested at the time of the year in which the abundance is greater. Approximately two-thirds of the considered species exhibit a similar diel activity along their seasonal active period. As consequence, a significant portion of the dung beetle species currently inhabiting Mediterranean mid-mountains are not able to use the daily variation in climatic conditions to limit the inconveniences of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. Lobo
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (C.S.I.C.), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Cuesta
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (C.S.I.C.), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bedson CPE, Thomas L, Wheeler PM, Reid N, Harris WE, Lloyd H, Mallon D, Preziosi R. Estimating density of mountain hares using distance sampling: a comparison of daylight visual surveys, night-time thermal imaging and camera traps. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P. E. Bedson
- C. P. E. Bedson (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-1138) ✉ , H. Lloyd, D. Mallon and R. Preziosi, Dept of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan Univ., UK
| | - Lowri Thomas
- L. Thomas, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Univ. of Manchester, UK
| | - Philip M. Wheeler
- P. M. Wheeler, School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open Univ., Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Neil Reid
- N. Reid, Inst. of Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's Univ. Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - W. Edwin Harris
- W. E. Harris, Dept of Agriculture and Environment, Harper Adams Univ., Newport, Shropshire, UK
| | - Huw Lloyd
- C. P. E. Bedson (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-1138) ✉ , H. Lloyd, D. Mallon and R. Preziosi, Dept of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan Univ., UK
| | - David Mallon
- C. P. E. Bedson (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-1138) ✉ , H. Lloyd, D. Mallon and R. Preziosi, Dept of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan Univ., UK
| | - Richard Preziosi
- C. P. E. Bedson (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-1138) ✉ , H. Lloyd, D. Mallon and R. Preziosi, Dept of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan Univ., UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jasiulionis M, Balčiauskas L. Seasonal and daily activity patterns of mammals in the colony of great cormorants. MAMMALIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2020-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite extreme changes of ecosystems made by breeding colonies of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo), these territories are still used by mammals. We present results of the analysis of mammal seasonal and daily activity patterns, registered by camera traps in two colonies of the great cormorants in Lithuania. Red foxes and raccoon dogs mainly visited colonies in the cormorant breeding time, April to July. In the inland colony of great cormorants in Lukštas Lake, average red fox relative shooting frequency in cormorant breeding time considerably exceeded that in non-breeding time (on average, 41.8 and 5.9 photos/100 days respectively). In the peninsular colony of great cormorants in Juodkrantė average relative shooting frequency of red fox in the breeding time was 7.8 versus 3.4 photos/100 days in non-breeding time, relative shooting frequencies of raccoon dog were 50.0 versus 1.3 photos/100 days, respectively. Daily activity patterns of wild boar and red fox in both colonies, as well as activity patterns of raccoon dog in Lukštas were related to the activity of cormorants with various degree of significance.
Collapse
|
21
|
Feral rabbit populations in a peri-urban area: insights about invasion dynamics and potential management strategies. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhere introduced, the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus is considered among the most destructive and invasive species. To date, research focused mostly on populations of wild rabbit, whereas little is known on feral domestic rabbit populations. In this work, we reported the establishment of two self-sustaining populations of feral rabbits in Italy. Direct observations were conducted to assess rabbit range expansion and population increase over time. We also evaluated prey-predator interactions between rabbits and native red foxes Vulpes vulpes, by means of camera trapping and the analysis of fox scats. Moreover, we also assessed the social perception towards feral rabbits and the acceptability of various management options through the administration of a structured questionnaire to park visitors. Rabbit populations increased between 2018 and 2019, as well as the size of the invaded range. Rabbits are predated by foxes, but they seem to have adapted their activity rhythms to minimize the risk of predation, becoming diurnal. Park visitors loved rabbits and deemed them to be a positive presence in the park, which deserve to live there. Surgical sterilization of rabbits was the only management option which was partially supported. Feral domestic rabbits, albeit a neglected species in invasion biology, can become extremely successful invaders of urban green areas: in < 5 years, rabbits were able to colonize our study area and become a food resource for native predators and also an iconic species. These three points raise concerns about the potential impacts of invasive feral rabbits in European urban green areas and call for further research in this direction.
Collapse
|
22
|
Pettigrew GW, Di Vita V, Pettigrew M, Gilchrist JS. The diel activity pattern of mountain hare ( Lepus timidus) on managed heather moorland in Scotland. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7106-7113. [PMID: 34188797 PMCID: PMC8216900 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The research presented in this paper provides an insight into the behavioral ecology of mountain hares on heather moorland in the Lammermuir Hills of southeast Scotland. We examine the seasonal and diel activity patterns using camera traps over a period of 12 months. The rate of camera detections was calculated for the different divisions of the 24-hr cycle (daylight, dusk, night, and dawn). During autumn and winter (October-February), the activity pattern was crepuscular with greater activity at dusk than at dawn. Daylight activity was relatively low, and there was a regular pattern of small peaks of activity during the night. In spring and summer (March-September), peaks of crepuscular activity remained evident but daylight activity was much more prevalent than during autumn and winter, and night activity was lower. We discuss the problematic definition of twilight and present an explanation for seasonal changes in the pattern of diel activity that is linked to the reproductive cycle of the mountain hare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maxine Pettigrew
- School of Applied SciencesEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Watabe R, Saito MU. Diel Activity Patterns of Three Sympatric Medium-Sized Carnivores during Winter and Spring in a Heavy Snowfall Area in Northeastern Japan. MAMMAL STUDY 2021. [DOI: 10.3106/ms2020-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoga Watabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-8555 Japan
| | - Masayuki U. Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-8555 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li J, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Dong W, Shan G, Sun R, Hacker C, Wu B, Li D. Spatial and temporal activity patterns of Golden takin ( Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) recorded by camera trapping. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10353. [PMID: 33304652 PMCID: PMC7700736 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding animals’ migration, distribution and activity patterns is vital for the development of effective conservation action plans; however, such data for many species are lacking. In this study, we used camera trapping to document the spatial and temporal activity patterns of golden takins (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) in Changqing National Nature Reserve in the Qinling mountains, China, from April 2014 to October 2017. Our study obtained 3,323 independent detections (from a total of 12,351 detections) during a total camera trapping effort of 93,606 effective camera trap days at 573 sites. Results showed that: (1) the golden takin’s utilization distributions showed seasonal variation, with larger utilization distributions during spring and autumn compared to summer and winter; (2) the species was recorded at the highest elevations in July, and lowest elevations in December, with the species moving to higher-elevations in summer, lower-elevations in spring and autumn; (3) during all four seasons, golden takins showed bimodal activity peaks at dawn and dusk, with activity intensity higher in the second peak than the first, and overall low levels of activity recorded from 20:00–06:00; and (4) there were two annual activity peaks, the first being in April and the second in November, with camera capture rate during these two months higher than in other months, and activity levels in spring and autumn higher than in summer and winter. This study is the first application of camera traps to assess the spatial and temporal activity patterns of golden takins at a population level. Our findings suggest that the proposed national park should be designed to include golden takin habitat and that ongoing consistent monitoring efforts will be crucial to mitigating novel and ongoing threats to the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Institute of Desertification Studies, Beijing, China
| | - Yadong Xue
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Changqing National Nature Reserve, Hanzhong, China
| | - Guoyu Shan
- Changqing National Nature Reserve, Hanzhong, China
| | - Ruiqian Sun
- Changqing National Nature Reserve, Hanzhong, China
| | - Charlotte Hacker
- Duquesne University, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Institute of Desertification Studies, Beijing, China
| | - Diqiang Li
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Estimation of spatial and temporal overlap in three ungulate species in a Mediterranean environment. MAMMAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-020-00548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInterspecific interactions are key drivers in structuring animal communities. Sympatric animals may show such behavioural patterns as the differential use of space and/or time to avoid competitive encounters. We took advantage of the ecological conditions of our study area, inhabited by different ungulate species, to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of Capreolus capreolus, Dama dama and Sus scrofa. We estimated intraspecific interaction arising from the concomitant use of resources by using camera trapping. We collected 2741 videos with the three ungulates, which showed peculiar activity patterns. The three species were observed in all the habitat types of the study area over the four seasons, thus highlighting an evident spatial overlap. Moreover, our analysis demonstrated that the three species did not avoid each other through temporal segregation of their activities, rather showing a high overlap of daily activity rhythms, though with differences among the species and the seasons. Despite the high spatial and temporal overlap, the three species seemed to adopt segregation through fine-scale spatial avoidance: at an hourly level, the proportion of sites where the species were observed together was relatively low. This spatio-temporal segregation revealed complex and alternative behavioural strategies, which likely facilitated intra-guild sympatry among the studied species. Both temporal and spatio-temporal overlap reached the highest values in summer, when environmental conditions were more demanding. Given these results, we may presume that different drivers (e.g. temperature, human disturbance), which are likely stronger than interspecific interactions, affected activity rhythms and fine-scale spatial use of the studied species.
Collapse
|
26
|
Daily Activity Patterns and Co-Occurrence of Duikers Revealed by an Intensive Camera Trap Survey across Central African Rainforests. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122200. [PMID: 33255400 PMCID: PMC7759945 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The duiker community in Central African rainforests includes a diversity of species that can coexist in the same area. The study of their activity patterns is needed to better understand habitat use or association between the species. Using camera traps, we studied the temporal activity patterns, and quantified for the first time the temporal overlap and spatial co-occurrence between species. Our results show that: (i) Two species are strongly diurnal: Cephalophus leucogaster, and Philantomba congica, (ii) two species are mostly diurnal: C.callipygus and C. nigrifrons, (iii) one species is strongly nocturnal: C.castaneus, (iv) and one species is mostly nocturnal: C.silvicultor. Analyses of temporal activities (for five species) identified four species pairs that highly overlapped (Δ^≥ 0.80), and six pairs that weakly overlapped (Δ^ between 0.06 and 0.35). Finally, co-occurrence tests reveal a truly random co-occurrence (plt > 0.05 and pgt > 0.05) for six species pairs, and a positive co-occurrence (pgt < 0.05) for four pairs. Positive co-occurrences are particularly noted for pairs formed by C.callipygus with the other species (except C. nigrifrons). These results are essential for a better understanding of the coexistence of duikers and the ecology of poorly known species (C. leucogaster and C. nigrifrons), and provide clarification on the activity patterns of C. silvicultor which was subject to controversy. Camera traps proved then to be a powerful tool for studying the activity patterns of free-ranging duiker populations.
Collapse
|
27
|
Caravaggi A, Burton AC, Clark DA, Fisher JT, Grass A, Green S, Hobaiter C, Hofmeester TR, Kalan AK, Rabaiotti D, Rivet D. A review of factors to consider when using camera traps to study animal behavior to inform wildlife ecology and conservation. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Cole Burton
- Department of Forest Resources Management and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Douglas A. Clark
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | | | - Amelia Grass
- School of Applied SciencesUniversity of South Wales Pontypridd UK
| | - Sian Green
- Department of AnthropologyDurham University Durham UK
| | - Catherine Hobaiter
- School of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Tim R. Hofmeester
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental studiesSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Ammie K. Kalan
- Department of PrimatologyMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Danielle Rivet
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kämmerle JL, Rondeaux S, Storch I. Circadian activity patterns of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in montane forests under different culling regimes. MAMMAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-020-00496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
29
|
Monteiro-Alves PS, Helmer DM, Ferreguetti AC, Pereira-Ribeiro J, Rocha CFD, Bergallo HG. Occupancy, detectability, and density of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in two protected areas of restinga habitats in Brazil. CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766)) are frequently recorded in lists of mammal communities. However, studies quantifying aspects of the ecology of the species are uncommon in the literature. Thus, we aimed to quantify the density, activity, habitat use, and potential threats of C. thous in two protected areas (PAs) in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. We used data derived from camera traps and sand plots to model occupancy, detectability, activity; we also used random encounter models (REMs) to model density and abundance. We also estimated the activity of the species. Density of C. thous was 0.82 individuals/km2 with a total abundance of 119 individuals. We concluded that in the PAs studied, C. thous had bimodal, twilight–nocturnal activity patterns and was associated with water sources. Although the species in the area has a relatively high density compared with that from other areas in Brazil, it could be locally threatened by the highway that crosses the two PAs, promoting roadkill events, and by domestic dogs (Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) recorded in these areas. Results presented herein can be a starting point to support future work in the region and to make predictions regarding the management and conservation of C. thous, a widely distributed species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Stéfani Monteiro-Alves
- Department of Ecology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, n° 524, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 2° andar, sala 224, Bairro Maracanã, CEP 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Débora Molino Helmer
- Department of Biology, Centro Universitário Espírito-Santense/FAESA, Rua Anselmo Serrat, n° 199, Bairro Ilha de Monte Belo, CEP 29053-250, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Atilla Colombo Ferreguetti
- Department of Ecology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, n° 524, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 2° andar, sala 224, Bairro Maracanã, CEP 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliane Pereira-Ribeiro
- Department of Ecology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, n° 524, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 2° andar, sala 224, Bairro Maracanã, CEP 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha
- Department of Ecology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, n° 524, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 2° andar, sala 224, Bairro Maracanã, CEP 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena Godoy Bergallo
- Department of Ecology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, n° 524, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 2° andar, sala 224, Bairro Maracanã, CEP 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Campbell EL, Byrne AW, Menzies FD, McBride KR, McCormick CM, Scantlebury M, Reid N. Interspecific visitation of cattle and badgers to fomites: A transmission risk for bovine tuberculosis? Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8479-8489. [PMID: 31410255 PMCID: PMC6686281 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In Great Britain and Ireland, badgers (Meles meles) are a wildlife reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis and implicated in bovine tuberculosis transmission to domestic cattle. The route of disease transmission is unknown with direct, so-called "nose-to-nose," contact between hosts being extremely rare. Camera traps were deployed for 64,464 hr on 34 farms to quantify cattle and badger visitation rates in space and time at six farm locations. Badger presence never coincided with cattle presence at the same time, with badger and cattle detection at the same location but at different times being negatively correlated. Badgers were never recorded within farmyards during the present study. Badgers utilized cattle water troughs in fields, but detections were infrequent (equivalent to one badger observed drinking every 87 days). Cattle presence at badger-associated locations, for example, setts and latrines, were three times more frequent than badger presence at cattle-associated locations, for example, water troughs. Preventing cattle access to badger setts and latrines and restricting badger access to cattle water troughs may potentially reduce interspecific bTB transmission through reduced indirect contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Campbell
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Veterinary Sciences DivisionAgri‐Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI)BelfastUK
| | - Andrew W. Byrne
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Veterinary Sciences DivisionAgri‐Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI)BelfastUK
- Present address:
Department of AgricultureFood and the Marine (DAFM), Agriculture HouseDublin 2Ireland
| | - Fraser D. Menzies
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of AgricultureEnvironment and Rural Affairs (DAERA)BelfastUK
| | - Kathryn R. McBride
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of AgricultureEnvironment and Rural Affairs (DAERA)BelfastUK
| | - Carl M. McCormick
- Veterinary Sciences DivisionAgri‐Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI)BelfastUK
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of AgricultureEnvironment and Rural Affairs (DAERA)BelfastUK
| | - Michael Scantlebury
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS)Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Neil Reid
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS)Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dorning J, Harris S. Quantifying group size in the red fox: impacts of definition, season and intrusion by non‐residents. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Dorning
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - S. Harris
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
| |
Collapse
|