1
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Amar D, Gay NR, Jimenez-Morales D, Jean Beltran PM, Ramaker ME, Raja AN, Zhao B, Sun Y, Marwaha S, Gaul DA, Hershman SG, Ferrasse A, Xia A, Lanza I, Fernández FM, Montgomery SB, Hevener AL, Ashley EA, Walsh MJ, Sparks LM, Burant CF, Rector RS, Thyfault J, Wheeler MT, Goodpaster BH, Coen PM, Schenk S, Bodine SC, Lindholm ME. The mitochondrial multi-omic response to exercise training across rat tissues. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(23)00472-2. [PMID: 38701776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria have diverse functions critical to whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Endurance training alters mitochondrial activity, but systematic characterization of these adaptations is lacking. Here, the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium mapped the temporal, multi-omic changes in mitochondrial analytes across 19 tissues in male and female rats trained for 1, 2, 4, or 8 weeks. Training elicited substantial changes in the adrenal gland, brown adipose, colon, heart, and skeletal muscle. The colon showed non-linear response dynamics, whereas mitochondrial pathways were downregulated in brown adipose and adrenal tissues. Protein acetylation increased in the liver, with a shift in lipid metabolism, whereas oxidative proteins increased in striated muscles. Exercise-upregulated networks were downregulated in human diabetes and cirrhosis. Knockdown of the central network protein 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 10 (HSD17B10) elevated oxygen consumption, indicative of metabolic stress. We provide a multi-omic, multi-tissue, temporal atlas of the mitochondrial response to exercise training and identify candidates linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Amar
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Insitro, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yifei Sun
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - David A Gaul
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Ashley Xia
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin J Walsh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | | | - John Thyfault
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Simon Schenk
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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2
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Diniz MS, Magalhães CC, Tocantins C, Grilo LF, Teixeira J, Pereira SP. Nurturing through Nutrition: Exploring the Role of Antioxidants in Maternal Diet during Pregnancy to Mitigate Developmental Programming of Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:4623. [PMID: 37960276 PMCID: PMC10649237 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases represent one of the major causes of death worldwide. It has been suggested that pregnancy-related conditions, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), maternal obesity (MO), and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) induce an adverse intrauterine environment, increasing the offspring's predisposition to chronic diseases later in life. Research has suggested that mitochondrial function and oxidative stress may play a role in the developmental programming of chronic diseases. Having this in mind, in this review, we include evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are mechanisms by which GDM, MO, and IUGR program the offspring to chronic diseases. In this specific context, we explore the promising advantages of maternal antioxidant supplementation using compounds such as resveratrol, curcumin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and Mitoquinone (MitoQ) in addressing the metabolic dysfunction and oxidative stress associated with GDM, MO, and IUGR in fetoplacental and offspring metabolic health. This approach holds potential to mitigate developmental programming-related risk of chronic diseases, serving as a probable intervention for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S. Diniz
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carina C. Magalhães
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Tocantins
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F. Grilo
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana P. Pereira
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Pan M, Zhou J, Wang J, Cao W, Li L, Wang L. The role of placental aging in adverse pregnancy outcomes: A mitochondrial perspective. Life Sci 2023; 329:121924. [PMID: 37429418 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Premature placental aging is associated with placental insufficiency, which reduces the functional capacity of the placenta, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Placental mitochondria are vital organelles that provide energy and play essential roles in placental development and functional maintenance. In response to oxidative stress, damage, and senescence, an adaptive response is induced to selectively remove mitochondria through the mitochondrial equivalent of autophagy. However, adaptation can be disrupted when mitochondrial abnormalities or dysfunctions persist. This review focuses on the adaptation and transformation of mitochondria during pregnancy. These changes modify placental function throughout pregnancy and can cause complications. We discuss the relationship between placental aging and adverse pregnancy outcomes from the perspective of mitochondria and potential approaches to improve abnormal pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Pan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhoushan Women and Children Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Biomarkers of oxidative stress and reproductive complications. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 113:157-233. [PMID: 36858646 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The assessment of biological redox status is performed by the use of oxidative stress biomarkers. An oxidative stress biomarker is defined as any physical structure or process or chemical compound that can be assessed in a living being (in vivo) or in solid or fluid parts thereof (in vitro), the determination of which is a reproducible and reliable indicator of oxidative stress. The use of oxidative stress biomarkers allows early identification of the risk of developing diseases associated with this process and also opens up possibilities for new treatments. At the end of the last century, interest in oxidative stress biomarkers began to grow, due to evidence of the association between the generation of free radicals and various pathologies. Up to now, a significant number of studies have been carried out to identify and apply different oxidative stress biomarkers in clinical practice. Among the most important oxidative stress biomarkers, it can be mentioned the products of oxidative modifications of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and uric acid as well as the measurement of the total antioxidant capacity of fluids in the human body. In this review, we aim to present recent advances and current knowledge on the main biomarkers of oxidative stress, including the discovery of new biomarkers, with emphasis on the various reproductive complications associated with variations in oxidative stress levels.
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Memon AA, Vats S, Sundquist J, Li Y, Sundquist K. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number: Linking Diabetes and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1168-1190. [PMID: 36169625 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent Advances: Various studies have suggested that mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), a surrogate biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, is an easily quantifiable biomarker for chronic diseases, including diabetes and cancer. However, current knowledge is limited, and the results are controversial. This has been attributed mainly to methodology and study design. Critical Issues: The incidence of diabetes and cancer has increased significantly in recent years. Moreover, type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been shown to be a risk factor for cancer. mtDNA-CN has been associated with both T2D and cancer. However, it is not known whether mtDNA-CN plays any role in the association between T2D and cancer. Significance: In this review, we have discussed mtDNA-CN in diabetes and cancer, and reviewed the literature and methodology used in published studies so far. Based on the literature review, we have speculated how mtDNA-CN may act as a link between diabetes and cancer. Furthermore, we have provided some recommendations for reliable translation of mtDNA-CN as a biomarker. Future Directions: Further research is required to elucidate the role of mtDNA-CN in the association between T2D and cancer. If established, early lifestyle interventions, such as physical activity and diet control that improve mitochondrial function, may help preventing cancer in patients with T2D. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1168-1190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaque A Memon
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sakshi Vats
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yanni Li
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
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Tao LC, Wang TT, Zheng L, Hua F, Li JJ. The Role of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Dysfunction in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:399-408. [PMID: 35410981 PMCID: PMC9424338 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is described as abnormalities of myocardial structure and function in diabetic patients without other well-established cardiovascular factors. Although multiple pathological mechanisms involving in this unique myocardial disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in its development of DCM. Recently, considerable progresses have suggested that mitochondrial biogenesis is a tightly controlled process initiating mitochondrial generation and maintaining mitochondrial function, appears to be associated with DCM. Nonetheless, an outlook on the mechanisms and clinical relevance of dysfunction in mitochondrial biogenesis among patients with DCM is not completely understood. In this review, hence, we will summarize the role of mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction in the development of DCM, especially the molecular underlying mechanism concerning the signaling pathways beyond the stimulation and inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis. Additionally, the evaluations and potential therapeutic strategies regarding mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction in DCM is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chan Tao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Fei Hua
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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7
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Wu B, Chen Y, Clarke R, Akala E, Yang P, He B, Gao H. AMPK Signaling Regulates Mitophagy and Mitochondrial ATP Production in Human Trophoblast Cell Line BeWo. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2022; 27:118. [PMID: 35468677 PMCID: PMC9830999 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2704118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial structural and functional defects are present in human placentas affected by pregnancy related disorders, but mitophagy pathways in human trophoblast cells/placental tissues have not been investigated. METHODS In this study, we investigated three major mitophagy pathways mediated by PRKN, FUNDC1, and BNIP3/BNIP3L in response to AMPK activation by AICAR and knockdown of PRKAA1/2 (AKD) in human trophoblast cell line BeWo and the effect of AKD on mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. RESULTS Autophagy flux assay demonstrated that AMPK signaling activation stimulates autophagy, evidenced increased LC3II and SQSTM1 protein abundance in the whole cell lysates and mitochondrial fractions, and mitophagy flux assay demonstrated that the activation of AMPK signaling stimulates mitophagy via PRKN and FUNDC1 mediated but not BNIP3/BNIP3L mediated pathways. The stimulatory regulation of AMPK signaling on mitophagy was confirmed by AKD which reduced the abundance of LC3II, SQSTM1, PRKN, and FUNDC1 proteins, but increased the abundance of BNIP3/BNIP3L proteins. Coincidently, AKD resulted in elevated mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced mitochondrial ATP production, compared to control BeWo cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, AMPK signaling stimulates mitophagy in human trophoblast cells via PRKN and FUNDC1 mediated mitophagy pathways and AMPK regulated mitophagy contributes to the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250013 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Emmanuel Akala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bin He
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Gao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA,Correspondence: (Haijun Gao)
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8
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Sultan S, Ahmed F, Bajouh O, Schulten HJ, Bagatian N, Al-Dayini R, Subhi O, Karim S, Almalki S. Alterations of transcriptome expression, cell cycle, and mitochondrial superoxide reveal foetal endothelial dysfunction in Saudi women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Endocr J 2021; 68:1067-1079. [PMID: 33867398 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects one in four Saudi women and is associated with high risks of cardiovascular diseases in both the mother and foetus. It is believed that endothelial cells (ECs) dysfunction initiates these diabetic complications. In this study, differences in the transcriptome profiles, cell cycle distribution, and mitochondrial superoxide (MTS) between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from GDM patients and those from healthy (control) subjects were analysed. Transcriptome profiles were generated using high-density expression microarray. The selected four altered genes were validated using qRT-PCR. MTS and cell cycle were analysed by flow cytometry. A total of 84 altered genes were identified, comprising 52 upregulated and 32 downregulated genes in GDM.HUVECs. Our selection of the four interested altered genes (TGFB2, KITLG, NEK7, and IGFBP5) was based on the functional network analysis, which revealed that these altered genes are belonging to the highest enrichment score associated with cellular function and proliferation; all of which may contribute to ECs dysfunction. The cell cycle revealed an increased percentage of cells in the G2/M phase in GDM.HUVECs, indicating cell cycle arrest. In addition, we found that GDM.HUVECs had increased MTS generation. In conclusion, GDM induces persistent impairment of the biological functions of foetal ECs, as evidenced by analyses of transcriptome profiles, cell cycle, and MTS even after ECs culture in vitro for several passages under normal glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sultan
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Bajouh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Bagatian
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Al-Dayini
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Subhi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultanah Almalki
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Bordoni L, Petracci I, Pelikant-Malecka I, Radulska A, Piangerelli M, Samulak JJ, Lewicki L, Kalinowski L, Gabbianelli R, Olek RA. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and trimethylamine levels in the blood: New insights on cardiovascular disease biomarkers. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21694. [PMID: 34165220 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100056r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers, the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) is a promising candidate. A growing attention has been also dedicated to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), an oxidative derivative of the gut metabolite trimethylamine (TMA). With the aim to identify biomarkers predictive of CVD, we investigated TMA, TMAO, and mtDNAcn in a population of 389 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and 151 healthy controls, in association with established risk factors for CVD (sex, age, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) and troponin, an established marker of CAD. MtDNAcn was significantly lower in CAD patients; it correlates with GFR and TMA, but not with TMAO. A biomarker including mtDNAcn, sex, and hypertension (but neither TMA nor TMAO) emerged as a good predictor of CAD. Our findings support the mtDNAcn as a promising plastic biomarker, useful to monitor the exposure to risk factors and the efficacy of preventive interventions for a personalized CAD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Irene Petracci
- School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Malecka
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Radulska
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marco Piangerelli
- Computer Science Division and Mathematics Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Joanna J Samulak
- Doctoral School, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Lewicki
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Kashubian Center for Heart and Vascular Diseases, Pomeranian Hospitals, Wejherowo, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Robert A Olek
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
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10
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Correia Y, Scheel J, Gupta S, Wang K. Placental mitochondrial function as a driver of angiogenesis and placental dysfunction. Biol Chem 2021; 402:887-909. [PMID: 34218539 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is a highly vascularized and complex foetal organ that performs various tasks, crucial to a healthy pregnancy. Its dysfunction leads to complications such as stillbirth, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. The specific cause of placental dysfunction remains unknown. Recently, the role of mitochondrial function and mitochondrial adaptations in the context of angiogenesis and placental dysfunction is getting more attention. The required energy for placental remodelling, nutrient transport, hormone synthesis, and the reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress, stemming from mitochondria. Mitochondria adapt to environmental changes and have been shown to adjust their oxygen and nutrient use to best support placental angiogenesis and foetal development. Angiogenesis is the process by which blood vessels form and is essential for the delivery of nutrients to the body. This process is regulated by different factors, pro-angiogenic factors and anti-angiogenic factors, such as sFlt-1. Increased circulating sFlt-1 levels have been linked to different preeclamptic phenotypes. One of many effects of increased sFlt-1 levels, is the dysregulation of mitochondrial function. This review covers mitochondrial adaptations during placentation, the importance of the anti-angiogenic factor sFlt-1in placental dysfunction and its role in the dysregulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Correia
- Aston Medical School, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, BirminghamB4 7ET, UK
| | - Julia Scheel
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, D-18051Rostock, Germany
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, D-18051Rostock, Germany
| | - Keqing Wang
- Aston Medical School, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, BirminghamB4 7ET, UK
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11
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Erbağcı MO, Tuna G, Köse S, Dal-Bekar NE, Akış M, Kant M, Altunyurt S, İşlekel GH. Association between early oxidative DNA damage and iron status in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 103:171-180. [PMID: 34051274 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the relationship between oxidative DNA damage and iron status in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to those with normal glucose tolerance in the first and the second trimesters of pregnancy. Maternal serum and urine samples were collected in the 11th-14th weeks and the 24th-28th weeks of gestation. In addition to oral glucose tolerance test in the second trimester, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, ferritin and hemoglobin levels were measured in blood samples. Urinary levels of oxidative DNA damage products 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosines (S-cdA, R-cdA) were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotope-dilution. In the first trimester, urinary 8-OH-dG levels were found higher in the GDM group (n = 33) than in the control group (n = 84) (p = 0.006). R-cdA and S-cdA levels were not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.794 and p = 0.792 respectively). When the cases were stratified according to their first trimester ferritin levels, women with ≥50th centile (≥130 ng/mL) demonstrated higher levels of 8-OH-dG and R-cdA than those under <50th centile (p = 0.034, p = 0.009). In the GDM group, there was a positive correlation between the second trimester 8-OH-dG and ferritin and 1st-hour glucose levels (p = 0.014, p = 0.020). This is the first study where oxidative DNA damage is evaluated in both early and late periods of pregnancy. Our findings reveal an association between GDM and iron status and oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Oğuz Erbağcı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sanliurfa Suruc State Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tuna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Semir Köse
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Ecem Dal-Bekar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Akış
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Melis Kant
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sabahattin Altunyurt
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gül Hüray İşlekel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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12
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Mello LD. Potential contribution of ELISA and LFI assays to assessment of the oxidative stress condition based on 8-oxodG biomarker. Anal Biochem 2021; 628:114215. [PMID: 33957135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassays have been extensively applied in the medical diagnostic field. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Lateral Flow Immunochemical Assay (LFIA) are methods that have been well established to analysis of clinical substances such as protein, hormones, drugs, identification of antibodies and in the quantification of antigen. Over the past years, the application of these methods has been extended to assess the clinical oxidative stress condition based on monitoring of the 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) biomarker levels. The present manuscript provides an overview of the current immunoassays based on ELISA and LFIA technologies applied for a quantitative analysis of the 8-oxodG. The discussion focuses on the principles of development, improvement and analytical performance of these assays. The relationship of the molecule 8-oxodG as a clinical biomarker of the assessment of the oxidative stress condition is also discussed. Commercially available products to 8-oxodG analysis are also presented.
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13
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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pregnancy Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030405. [PMID: 33800426 PMCID: PMC7999178 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common and severe stress to an organism's homeostatic mechanisms, and hypoxia during gestation is associated with significantly increased incidence of maternal complications of preeclampsia, adversely impacting on the fetal development and subsequent risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Human and animal studies have revealed a causative role of increased uterine vascular resistance and placental hypoxia in preeclampsia and fetal/intrauterine growth restriction (FGR/IUGR) associated with gestational hypoxia. Gestational hypoxia has a major effect on mitochondria of uteroplacental cells to overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. Excess mitochondrial ROS in turn cause uteroplacental dysfunction by damaging cellular macromolecules, which underlies the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and FGR. In this article, we review the current understanding of hypoxia-induced mitochondrial ROS and their role in placental dysfunction and the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications. In addition, therapeutic approaches selectively targeting mitochondrial ROS in the placental cells are discussed.
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14
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Bartho LA, Fisher JJ, Cuffe JSM, Perkins AV. Mitochondrial transformations in the aging human placenta. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E981-E994. [PMID: 32954826 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00354.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in homeostasis and are central to one of the leading hypotheses of aging, the free radical theory. Mitochondria function as a reticulated network, constantly adapting to the cellular environment through fusion (joining), biogenesis (formation of new mitochondria), and fission (separation). This adaptive response is particularly important in response to oxidative stress, cellular damage, and aging, when mitochondria are selectively removed through mitophagy, a mitochondrial equivalent of autophagy. During this complex process, mitochondria influence surrounding cell biology and organelles through the release of signaling molecules. Given that the human placenta is a unique organ having a transient and somewhat defined life span of ∼280 days, any adaption or dysfunction associated with mitochondrial physiology as a result of aging will have a dramatic impact on the health and function of both the placenta and the fetus. Additionally, a defective placenta during gestation, resulting in reduced fetal growth, has been shown to influence the development of chronic disease in later life. In this review we focus on the mitochondrial adaptions and transformations that accompany gestational length and share similarities with age-related diseases. In addition, we discuss the role of such changes in regulating placental function throughout gestation, the etiology of gestational complications, and the development of chronic diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Bartho
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua J Fisher
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James S M Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony V Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Ma MJL, Yakovenko S, Zhang H, Cheng SH, Apryshko V, Zhavoronkov A, Jiang P, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Fetal mitochondrial DNA in maternal plasma in surrogate pregnancies: Detection and topology. Prenat Diagn 2020; 41:368-375. [PMID: 33140416 PMCID: PMC7984455 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Due to the maternally‐inherited nature of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), there is a lack of information regarding fetal mtDNA in the plasma of pregnant women. We aim to explore the presence and topologic forms of circulating fetal and maternal mtDNA molecules in surrogate pregnancies. Methods Genotypic differences between fetal and surrogate maternal mtDNA were used to identify the fetal and maternal mtDNA molecules in plasma. Plasma samples were obtained from the surrogate pregnant mothers. Using cleavage‐end signatures of BfaI restriction enzyme, linear and circular mtDNA molecules in maternal plasma could be differentiated. Results Fetal‐derived mtDNA molecules were mainly linear (median: 88%; range: 80%–96%), whereas approximately half of the maternal‐derived mtDNA molecules were circular (median: 51%; range: 42%–60%). The fetal DNA fraction of linear mtDNA was lower (median absolute difference: 9.8%; range: 1.1%–27%) than that of nuclear DNA (median: 20%; range: 9.7%–35%). The fetal‐derived linear mtDNA molecules were shorter than the maternal‐derived ones. Conclusion Fetal mtDNA is present in maternal plasma, and consists mainly of linear molecules. Surrogate pregnancies represent a valuable clinical scenario for exploring the biology and potential clinical applications of circulating mtDNA, for example, for pregnancies conceived following mitochondrial replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Jane L Ma
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sergey Yakovenko
- Altravita IVF-clinic, ECO Center, Moscow, Russia.,Biophysics Department, Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine Ltd, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in the fetoplacental unit in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165948. [PMID: 32866635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease of pregnancy that is associated with d-glucose intolerance and foeto-placental vascular dysfunction. GMD causes mitochondrial dysfunction in the placental endothelium and trophoblast. Additionally, GDM is associated with reduced placental oxidative phosphorylation due to diminished activity of the mitochondrial F0F1-ATP synthase (complex V). This phenomenon may result from a higher generation of reactive superoxide anion and nitric oxide. Placental mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy work in concert to maintain cell homeostasis and are vital mechanisms securing the efficient generation of ATP, whose demand is higher in pregnancy, ensuring foetal growth and development. Additional factors disturbing placental ATP synthase activity in GDM include pre-gestational maternal obesity or overweight, intracellular pH, miRNAs, fatty acid oxidation, and foetal (and 'placental') sex. GDM is also associated with maternal and foetal hyperinsulinaemia, altered circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin, and the accumulation of extracellular adenosine. Here, we reviewed the potential interplay between these molecules or metabolic conditions on the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the foeto-placental unit in GDM pregnancies.
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17
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Rodríguez-Cano AM, Calzada-Mendoza CC, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Mendoza-Ortega JA, Perichart-Perera O. Nutrients, Mitochondrial Function, and Perinatal Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2166. [PMID: 32708345 PMCID: PMC7401276 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are active independent organelles that not only meet the cellular energy requirement but also regulate central cellular activities. Mitochondria can play a critical role in physiological adaptations during pregnancy. Differences in mitochondrial function have been found between healthy and complicated pregnancies. Pregnancy signifies increased nutritional requirements to support fetal growth and the metabolism of maternal and fetal tissues. Nutrient availability regulates mitochondrial metabolism, where excessive macronutrient supply could lead to oxidative stress and contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, while micronutrients are essential elements for optimal mitochondrial processes, as cofactors in energy metabolism and/or as antioxidants. Inadequate macronutrient and micronutrient consumption can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes, possibly through mitochondrial dysfunction, by impairing energy supply, one-carbon metabolism, biosynthetic pathways, and the availability of metabolic co-factors which modulate the epigenetic processes capable of establishing significant short- and long-term effects on infant health. Here, we review the importance of macronutrients and micronutrients on mitochondrial function and its influence on maternal and infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameyalli M Rodríguez-Cano
- Section for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.M.R.-C.); (C.C.C.-M.)
- Nutrition and Bioprogramming Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Claudia C Calzada-Mendoza
- Section for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.M.R.-C.); (C.C.C.-M.)
| | - Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Research Division; Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Jonatan A Mendoza-Ortega
- Immunobiochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
- Immunology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11350, Mexico
| | - Otilia Perichart-Perera
- Nutrition and Bioprogramming Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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18
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Yang PK, Chou CH, Chang CH, Chen SU, Ho HN, Chen MJ. Changes in peripheral mitochondrial DNA copy number in metformin-treated women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a longitudinal study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:69. [PMID: 32660613 PMCID: PMC7359290 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are associated with known alterations in mitochondria DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN). The aim of this study is to study the change in mtDNA-CN in patients with PCOS who were treated with metformin. METHODS This is a prospective cohort of patients with PCOS, who received metformin for one year. From 2009 to 2015, 88 women diagnosed with PCOS, based on the Rotterdam criteria, were enrolled. Serial measurements of mtDNA-CN, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), anthropometric, metabolic, endocrine, and inflammatory markers were obtained before and after 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. RESULTS A significant decrease in mtDNA-CN was seen over the course of one year. Other markers, including 8-OHdG, testosterone, free androgen index, blood pressure and liver enzymes, also decreased in the same interval. On regression analysis, there was a significant association between the change in mtDNA-CN and serum total testosterone, and no association between mtDNA-CN and metabolic factors. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with metformin is associated with a time-dependent decrease in mtDNA-CN in patients with PCOS who are treated over the course of one year. This may signify a reduction in mitochondria dysfunction. The change in mtDNA-CN corresponds to a similar change in serum total testosterone, and suggests a possible relationship between mtDNA-CN and testosterone. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT00172523 . Registered September 15, 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 8, Chung-Shan South Road, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hong Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 8, Chung-Shan South Road, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hao Chang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shee-Uan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 8, Chung-Shan South Road, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 8, Chung-Shan South Road, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 8, Chung-Shan South Road, 100, Taipei, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Livia Shangyu Wan Scholar, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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Abbade J, Klemetti MM, Farrell A, Ermini L, Gillmore T, Sallais J, Tagliaferro A, Post M, Caniggia I. Increased placental mitochondrial fusion in gestational diabetes mellitus: an adaptive mechanism to optimize feto-placental metabolic homeostasis? BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000923. [PMID: 32144130 PMCID: PMC7059528 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a common pregnancy disorder, increases the risk of fetal overgrowth and later metabolic morbidity in the offspring. The placenta likely mediates these sequelae, but the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the joining and division of these organelles, in attempts to maintain cellular homeostasis in stress conditions or alterations in oxygen and fuel availability. These remodeling processes are critical to optimize mitochondrial function, and their disturbances characterize diabetes and obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein we show that placental mitochondrial dynamics are tilted toward fusion in GDM, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and changes in the expression of key mechanochemical enzymes such as OPA1 and active phosphorylated DRP1. In vitro experiments using choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells demonstrated that increased exposure to insulin, which typifies GDM, promotes mitochondrial fusion. As placental ceramide induces mitochondrial fission in pre-eclampsia, we also examined ceramide content in GDM and control placentae and observed a reduction in placental ceramide enrichment in GDM, likely due to an insulin-dependent increase in ceramide-degrading ASAH1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Placental mitochondrial fusion is enhanced in GDM, possibly as a compensatory response to maternal and fetal metabolic derangements. Alterations in placental insulin exposure and sphingolipid metabolism are among potential contributing factors. Overall, our results suggest that GDM has profound impacts on placental mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism, with plausible implications for the short-term and long-term health of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelcio Abbade
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miira Marjuska Klemetti
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abby Farrell
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Gillmore
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julien Sallais
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Martin Post
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children SickKids Learning Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabella Caniggia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Urbaniak SK, Boguszewska K, Szewczuk M, Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Karwowski BT. 8-Oxo-7,8-Dihydro-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a Potential Biomarker for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Development. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010202. [PMID: 31947819 PMCID: PMC6982778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing clinical and epidemiological significance of gestational diabetes mellitus results from its constantly increasing worldwide prevalence, obesity, and overall unhealthy lifestyle among women of childbearing age. Oxidative stress seems to be the most important predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus development. Disturbances in the cell caused by oxidative stress lead to different changes in biomolecules, including DNA. The nucleobase which is most susceptible to oxidative stress is guanine. Its damage results in two main modifications: 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosineor 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine. Their significant level can indicate pathological processes during pregnancy, like gestational diabetes mellitus and probably, type 2 diabetes mellitus after pregnancy. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on the use of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosineand/or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine as a biomarker in gestational diabetes mellitus and allows us to understand the mechanism of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosineand/or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine generation during this disease.
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21
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Malik AN, Rosa HS, S. de Menezes E, Tamang P, Hamid Z, Naik A, Parsade CK, Sivaprasad S. The Detection and Partial Localisation of Heteroplasmic Mutations in the Mitochondrial Genome of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246259. [PMID: 31835862 PMCID: PMC6940788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and a major cause of acquired blindness in adults. Mitochondria are cellular organelles involved in energy production which contain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We previously showed that levels of circulating mtDNA were dysregulated in DR patients, and there was some evidence of mtDNA damage. In the current project, our aim was to confirm the presence of, and determine the location and prevalence of, mtDNA mutation in DR. DNA isolated from peripheral blood from diabetes patients (n = 59) with and without DR was used to amplify specific mtDNA regions which were digested with surveyor nuclease S1 to determine the presence and location of heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations were present. An initial screen of the entire mtDNA genome of 6 DR patients detected a higher prevalence of mutations in amplicon P, covering nucleotides 14,443 to 1066 and spanning the control region. Further analysis of 42 subjects showed the presence of putative mutations in amplicon P in 36% (14/39) of DR subjects and in 10% (2/20) non-DR subjects. The prevalence of mutations in DR was not related to the severity of the disease. The detection of a high-prevalence of putative mtDNA mutations within a specific region of the mitochondrial genome supports the view that mtDNA damage contributes to DR. The exact location and functional impact of these mutations remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan N. Malik
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-848-6271
| | - Hannah S. Rosa
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Eliane S. de Menezes
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Priyanka Tamang
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Zaidi Hamid
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anita Naik
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Chandani Kiran Parsade
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, UK
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22
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Priliani L, Prado EL, Restuadi R, Waturangi DE, Shankar AH, Malik SG. Maternal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Stabilizes Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Pregnant Women in Lombok, Indonesia. J Nutr 2019; 149:1309-1316. [PMID: 31177276 PMCID: PMC6686057 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Supplementation with Multiple Micronutrients Intervention Trial (SUMMIT) in Lombok, Indonesia showed that maternal multiple micronutrients (MMN), as compared with iron and folic acid (IFA), reduced fetal loss, early infant mortality, and low birth weight. Mitochondria play a key role during pregnancy by providing maternal metabolic energy for fetal development, but the effects of maternal supplementation during pregnancy on mitochondria are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the impact of MMN supplementation on maternal mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN). METHODS We used archived venous blood specimens from pregnant women enrolled in the SUMMIT study. SUMMIT was a cluster-randomized double-blind controlled trial in which midwives were randomly assigned to distribute MMN or IFA to pregnant women. In this study, we selected 108 sets of paired baseline and postsupplementation samples (MMN = 54 and IFA = 54). Maternal mtDNA-CN was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in baseline and postsupplementation specimens. The association between supplementation type and change in mtDNA-CN was performed using rank-based estimation for linear models. RESULTS In both groups, maternal mtDNA-CN at postsupplementation was significantly elevated compared with baseline (P < 0.001). The regression revealed that the MMN group had lower postsupplementation mtDNA-CN than the IFA group (β = -4.63, P = 0.003), especially for women with mtDNA-CN levels above the median at baseline (β = -7.49, P = 0.007). This effect was rapid, and observed within 33 d of initiation of supplementation (β = -7.39, P = 0.017). CONCLUSION Maternal MMN supplementation rapidly stabilized mtDNA-CN in pregnant women who participated in SUMMIT, indicating improved mitochondrial efficiency. The data provide a mechanistic basis for the beneficial effects of MMN on fetal growth and survival, and support the transition from routine IFA to MMN supplementation.This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN34151616.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidwina Priliani
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education and,Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elizabeth L Prado
- Summit Institute of Development, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Restuadi Restuadi
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education and,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diana E Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anuraj H Shankar
- Summit Institute of Development, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Address correspondence to AHS (e-mail: )
| | - Safarina G Malik
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education and,Address correspondence to SGM (e-mail: )
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Liao J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhang B, Xia W, Peng Y, Zhang W, Cao Z, Zhang Y, Liang S, Hu K, Xu S. Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter, maternal hemoglobin concentration, and fetal growth during early pregnancy: associations and mediation effects analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:366-372. [PMID: 30954909 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal essential organ development is completed during early pregnancy which is important for fetal and postnatal health. However, the effect of exposure to PM2.5 on fetal growth during early pregnancy is less studied and the related mechanisms are largely unknown. METHODS We conducted a birth cohort study of 1945 pregnant women with measurement of the fetal crown to rump length (CRL) by ultrasound between the gestational age of 11 and 14 weeks. We estimated residential exposures of PM2.5 from the date of LMP to the date of ultrasound examination using a spatial-temporal land use regression model. Maternal hemoglobin concentration was examined by maternal blood samples during the same gestational period or ±1 week of the ultrasound examination. The associations of exposure to PM2.5 with maternal hemoglobin concentration, and exposure to PM2.5 with fetal CRL during early pregnancy were estimated by multiple linear regression models. The mediation effect of maternal hemoglobin concentration on the association between exposure to PM2.5 and fetal CRL was explored by a casual mediation analysis. RESULTS One IQR increment of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a 0.929 g/L (95% CI: 0.068, 1.789) increase in maternal hemoglobin concentration, and associated with a -0.082 cm (95% CI: 0.139, -0.025) decrease in fetal CRL. One g/L increment of maternal hemoglobin concentration was associated a -0.011 cm (95% CI: 0.014, -0.008) decrease in fetal CRL. The mediation analysis indicated that 12.1% of the total effect of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 on reducing fetal CRL was mediated by increased maternal hemoglobin concentration. CONCLUSION Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with reduced fetal growth during early pregnancy and elevated maternal hemoglobin concentration mediated this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhongqiang Cao
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shengwen Liang
- Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, PR China
| | - Ke Hu
- Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, PR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Review: Placental mitochondrial function and structure in gestational disorders. Placenta 2016; 54:2-9. [PMID: 28024805 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology of many gestational disorders is still unknown. However, insufficient trans-placental nutrient and oxygen transfer due to abnormal placentation is characteristic of several pathologies, and may alter the function of placental mitochondria. Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that respond to a wide range of stimuli - such as physiological changes in cellular energy demands or various pathologies - by reshaping via fusion or fission, increasing/decreasing in number, altering oxidative phosphorylation, and signalling cellular functions such as apoptosis. Mitochondrial function is integral to tissue functions including energy production, metabolism, and regulation of various cellular responses including response to oxidative stress. This review details the functions of placental mitochondria and investigates mitochondrial function and structure in gestational disorders including preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Placental mitochondrial dysfunction may be critical in a range of gestational disorders which have important implications for maternal and fetal/offspring health.
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Hawkins TD, Hagemeyer JCG, Hoadley KD, Marsh AG, Warner ME. Partitioning of Respiration in an Animal-Algal Symbiosis: Implications for Different Aerobic Capacity between Symbiodinium spp. Front Physiol 2016; 7:128. [PMID: 27148067 PMCID: PMC4834350 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbioses are ecologically important and the subject of much investigation. However, our understanding of critical aspects of symbiosis physiology, such as the partitioning of total respiration between the host and symbiont, remains incomplete. Specifically, we know little about how the relationship between host and symbiont respiration varies between different holobionts (host-symbiont combinations). We applied molecular and biochemical techniques to investigate aerobic respiratory capacity in naturally symbiotic Exaiptasia pallida sea anemones, alongside animals infected with either homologous ITS2-type A4 Symbiodinium or a heterologous isolate of Symbiodinium minutum (ITS2-type B1). In naturally symbiotic anemones, host, symbiont, and total holobiont mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS) enzyme activity, but not host mitochondrial copy number, were reliable predictors of holobiont respiration. There was a positive association between symbiont density and host CS specific activity (mg protein−1), and a negative correlation between host- and symbiont CS specific activities. Notably, partitioning of total CS activity between host and symbiont in this natural E. pallida population was significantly different to the host/symbiont biomass ratio. In re-infected anemones, we found significant between-holobiont differences in the CS specific activity of the algal symbionts. Furthermore, the relationship between the partitioning of total CS activity and the host/symbiont biomass ratio differed between holobionts. These data have broad implications for our understanding of cnidarian-algal symbiosis. Specifically, the long-held assumption of equivalency between symbiont/host biomass and respiration ratios can result in significant overestimation of symbiont respiration and potentially erroneous conclusions regarding the percentage of carbon translocated to the host. The interspecific variability in symbiont aerobic capacity provides further evidence for distinct physiological differences that should be accounted for when studying diverse host-symbiont combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Hawkins
- College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware Lewes, DE, USA
| | - Julia C G Hagemeyer
- College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware Lewes, DE, USA
| | - Kenneth D Hoadley
- College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware Lewes, DE, USA
| | - Adam G Marsh
- College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware Lewes, DE, USA
| | - Mark E Warner
- College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware Lewes, DE, USA
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Mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism in the placenta with gestational diabetes mellitus: role of miR-143. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:931-41. [PMID: 26993250 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A predisposing factor for development of the hyperglycaemic state of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is obesity. We previously showed that increasing maternal obesity is associated with significant reductions in placental mitochondrial respiration. MicroRNA (miR)-143 has been previously shown to regulate the metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in cancer tissues. We hypothesized that mitochondrial respiration is reduced and aerobic glycolysis is up-regulated via changes in miR-143 expression in the placenta of women with GDM. Placental tissue was collected at term from women with A1GDM (controlled by diet), A2GDM (controlled by medication) and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls (CTRL). miR-143 expression was measured by RT-PCR. Expression of mitochondrial complexes, transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α (PGC1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), components of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling, glucose transporter GLUT1 and glycolytic enzymes [hexokinase-2 (HK-2), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] were measured by Western blot. Trophoblast respiration was measured by XF24 Analyser. Expression of miR-143, mitochondrial complexes, and PPARγ and PGC1α, which act downstream of miR-143, were significantly decreased in A2GDM placentae compared with A1GDM and CTRL (P<0.01). Placental hPL (human placental lactogen) levels, expression of glycolytic enzymes, GLUT1 and mTOR signalling were also significantly increased by more than 2-fold in A2GDM compared with A1GDM and CTRL (P<0.05). There was a 50% reduction in mitochondrial respiration in trophoblast cells isolated from A2GDM placentae. Overexpression of miR-143 was able to increase mitochondrial respiration, increase protein expression of mitochondrial complexes and decrease expression of glycolytic enzymes by 40% compared with A2GDM. Down-regulation of miR-143 mediates the metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in placenta of women with A2GDM.
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