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Cooke WR, Jiang P, Ji L, Bai J, Jones GD, Lo YMD, Redman C, Vatish M. Differential 5'-tRNA Fragment Expression in Circulating Preeclampsia Syncytiotrophoblast Vesicles Drives Macrophage Inflammation. Hypertension 2024; 81:876-886. [PMID: 38362745 PMCID: PMC10956686 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between placental pathology and the maternal syndrome of preeclampsia is incompletely characterized. Mismatch between placental nutrient supply and fetal demands induces stress in the syncytiotrophoblast, the layer of placenta in direct contact with maternal blood. Such stress alters the content and increases the release of syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles (STB-EVs) into the maternal circulation. We have previously shown 5'-tRNA fragments (5'-tRFs) constitute the majority of small RNA in STB-EVs in healthy pregnancy. 5'-tRFs are produced in response to stress. We hypothesized STB-EV 5'-tRF release might change in preeclampsia. METHODS We perfused placentas from 8 women with early-onset preeclampsia and 6 controls, comparing small RNA expression in STB-EVs. We used membrane-affinity columns to isolate maternal plasma vesicles and investigate placental 5'-tRFs in vivo. We quantified 5'-tRFs from circulating STB-EVs using a placental alkaline phosphatase immunoassay. 5'-tRFs and scrambled RNA controls were added to monocyte, macrophage and endothelial cells in culture to investigate transcriptional responses. RESULTS 5'-tRFs constitute the majority of small RNA in STB-EVs from both preeclampsia and normal pregnancies. More than 900 small RNA fragments are differentially expressed in preeclampsia STB-EVs. Preeclampsia-dysregulated 5'-tRFs are detectable in maternal plasma, where we identified a placentally derived load. 5'-tRF-Glu-CTC, the most abundant preeclampsia-upregulated 5'-tRF in perfusion STB-EVs, is also increased in preeclampsia STB-EVs from maternal plasma. 5'-tRF-Glu-CTC induced inflammation in macrophages but not monocytes. The conditioned media from 5'-tRF-Glu-CTC-activated macrophages reduced eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) expression in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Increased release of syncytiotrophoblast-derived vesicle-bound 5'-tRF-Glu-CTC contributes to preeclampsia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Cooke
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (W.R.C., G.D.J., C.R., M.V.)
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, China (P.J., L.J., J.B., Y.M.D.L.)
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, China (P.J., L.J., J.B., Y.M.D.L.)
| | - Lu Ji
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, China (P.J., L.J., J.B., Y.M.D.L.)
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, China (P.J., L.J., J.B., Y.M.D.L.)
| | - Jinyue Bai
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, China (P.J., L.J., J.B., Y.M.D.L.)
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, China (P.J., L.J., J.B., Y.M.D.L.)
| | - Gabriel Davis Jones
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (W.R.C., G.D.J., C.R., M.V.)
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, China (P.J., L.J., J.B., Y.M.D.L.)
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, China (P.J., L.J., J.B., Y.M.D.L.)
| | - Christopher Redman
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (W.R.C., G.D.J., C.R., M.V.)
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (W.R.C., G.D.J., C.R., M.V.)
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Che H, Jiang P, Choy LYL, Cheng SH, Peng W, Chan RWY, Liu J, Zhou Q, Lam WKJ, Yu SCY, Lau SL, Leung TY, Wong J, Wong VWS, Wong GLH, Chan SL, Chan KCA, Lo YMD. Genomic origin, fragmentomics, and transcriptional properties of long cell-free DNA molecules in human plasma. Genome Res 2024; 34:189-200. [PMID: 38408788 PMCID: PMC10984381 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278556.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed an unexplored population of long cell-free DNA (cfDNA) molecules in human plasma using long-read sequencing technologies. However, the biological properties of long cfDNA molecules (>500 bp) remain largely unknown. To this end, we have investigated the origins of long cfDNA molecules from different genomic elements. Analysis of plasma cfDNA using long-read sequencing reveals an uneven distribution of long molecules from across the genome. Long cfDNA molecules show overrepresentation in euchromatic regions of the genome, in sharp contrast to short DNA molecules. We observe a stronger relationship between the abundance of long molecules and mRNA gene expression levels, compared with short molecules (Pearson's r = 0.71 vs. -0.14). Moreover, long and short molecules show distinct fragmentation patterns surrounding CpG sites. Leveraging the cleavage preferences surrounding CpG sites, the combined cleavage ratios of long and short molecules can differentiate patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from non-HCC subjects (AUC = 0.87). We also investigated knockout mice in which selected nuclease genes had been inactivated in comparison with wild-type mice. The proportion of long molecules originating from transcription start sites are lower in Dffb-deficient mice but higher in Dnase1l3-deficient mice compared with that of wild-type mice. This work thus provides new insights into the biological properties and potential clinical applications of long cfDNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Che
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L Y Lois Choy
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenlei Peng
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rebecca W Y Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W K Jacky Lam
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie C Y Yu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - So Ling Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Y Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Grace L H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen L Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Lo YMD. Cell-free DNA for Colorectal Cancer Screening. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1047-1050. [PMID: 38477993 DOI: 10.1056/nejme2311101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Dennis Lo
- From the State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Chemical Pathology, and the Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and the Center for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok - all in Hong Kong
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4
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Yu SCY, Lo YMD. Biological Insights from Cell-Free DNA Methylome Analysis in Preeclampsia. Clin Chem 2024:hvae020. [PMID: 38451049 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Y Yu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Gai W, Yu SCY, Chan WTC, Peng W, Lau SL, Leung TY, Jiang P, Chan KCA, Lo YMD. Droplet digital PCR is a cost-effective method for analyzing long cell-free DNA in maternal plasma: Application in preeclampsia. Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:1385-1393. [PMID: 37655424 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can be found in the plasma of pregnant women and cancer patients. We investigated if droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) can analyze such molecules for diagnostic purposes using preeclampsia as a model. METHOD Plasma samples from ten preeclamptic and sixteen normal pregnancies were analyzed. Two ddPCR assays targeting a single-copy gene, VCP, and one ddPCR assay targeting LINE-1 repetitive regions were used to measure the percentages of long cfDNA >533, 1001, and 170 bp, respectively. The LINE-1 assay was developed as guided by in silico PCR analyses to better differentiate preeclamptic and normal pregnancies. RESULTS Preeclamptic patients had a significantly lower median percentage of long cfDNA than healthy pregnant controls, as determined by the LINE-1 170 bp assay (28.9% vs. 35.1%, p < 0.0001) and the VCP 533 bp assay (6.6% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.014). The LINE-1 assay provided a better differentiation than the VCP 533 bp assay (area under ROC curves, 0.94 vs. 0.79). CONCLUSION ddPCR is a cost-effective approach for unlocking diagnostic information carried by long cfDNA in plasma and may have applications for the detection of preeclampsia. Further longitudinal studies with larger cohorts are required to assess the clinical utility of this test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxia Gai
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie C Y Yu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W T Charlotte Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenlei Peng
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - So Ling Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Y Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Yu SCY, Choy LYL, Lo YMD. 'Longing' for the Next Generation of Liquid Biopsy: The Diagnostic Potential of Long Cell-Free DNA in Oncology and Prenatal Testing. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:563-571. [PMID: 37474843 PMCID: PMC10435595 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has gained global interest as a molecular diagnostic tool. However, the analysis of cfDNA in cancer patients and pregnant women has been focused on short DNA molecules (e.g., ≤ 600 bp). With the detection of long cfDNA in the plasma of pregnant women and cancer patients in two recent studies, a new avenue of long cfDNA-based liquid biopsy has been opened. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge in this nascent field of long cfDNA analysis, focusing on the fragmentomic and epigenetic features of long cfDNA. In particular, long-read sequencing enabled single-molecule methylation analysis and subsequent determination of the tissue-of-origin of long cfDNA, which has promising clinical potential in prenatal and cancer testing. We also examine some of the limitations that may hinder the immediate clinical applications of long cfDNA analysis and the current efforts involved in addressing them. With concerted efforts in this area, it is hoped that long cfDNA analysis will add to the expanding armamentarium of liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Y Yu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L Y Lois Choy
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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7
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Chan KCA, Lam WKJ, King A, Lin VS, Lee PPH, Zee BCY, Chan SL, Tse IOL, Tsang AFC, Li MZJ, Jiang P, Ai QYH, Poon DMC, Au KH, Hui EP, Ma BBY, Van Hasselt AC, Chan ATC, Woo JKS, Lo YMD. Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA and Risk of Future Nasopharyngeal Cancer. NEJM Evid 2023; 2:EVIDoa2200309. [PMID: 38320164 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
EBV DNA Rescreening StudyPatients who had participated in a previous plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA screening study were rescreened. Of the 17,838 rescreened patients, 423 had persistently detectable plasma EBV DNA; 24 of these patients developed nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Sixty-seven percent of them received a diagnosis of early-stage disease and had increased progression-free survival compared with historical controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Novostics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W K Jacky Lam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Novostics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ann King
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vivien S Lin
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Novostics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick P H Lee
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Novostics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benny C Y Zee
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen L Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Irene O L Tse
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Novostics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Amy F C Tsang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Novostics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maggie Z J Li
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Novostics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Novostics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Yong H Ai
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Darren M C Poon
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K H Au
- Department of Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin P Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew C Van Hasselt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John K S Woo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Novostics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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8
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Zhou Z, Ma MJL, Chan RWY, Lam WKJ, Peng W, Gai W, Hu X, Ding SC, Ji L, Zhou Q, Cheung PPH, Yu SCY, Teoh JYC, Szeto CC, Wong J, Wong VWS, Wong GLH, Chan SL, Hui EP, Ma BBY, Chan ATC, Chiu RWK, Chan KCA, Lo YMD, Jiang P. Fragmentation landscape of cell-free DNA revealed by deconvolutional analysis of end motifs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220982120. [PMID: 37075072 PMCID: PMC10151549 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220982120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentation is nonrandom, at least partially mediated by various DNA nucleases, forming characteristic cfDNA end motifs. However, there is a paucity of tools for deciphering the relative contributions of cfDNA cleavage patterns related to underlying fragmentation factors. In this study, through non-negative matrix factorization algorithm, we used 256 5' 4-mer end motifs to identify distinct types of cfDNA cleavage patterns, referred to as "founder" end-motif profiles (F-profiles). F-profiles were associated with different DNA nucleases based on whether such patterns were disrupted in nuclease-knockout mouse models. Contributions of individual F-profiles in a cfDNA sample could be determined by deconvolutional analysis. We analyzed 93 murine cfDNA samples of different nuclease-deficient mice and identified six types of F-profiles. F-profiles I, II, and III were linked to deoxyribonuclease 1 like 3 (DNASE1L3), deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNASE1), and DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (DFFB), respectively. We revealed that 42.9% of plasma cfDNA molecules were attributed to DNASE1L3-mediated fragmentation, whereas 43.4% of urinary cfDNA molecules involved DNASE1-mediated fragmentation. We further demonstrated that the relative contributions of F-profiles were useful to inform pathological states, such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. Among the six F-profiles, the use of F-profile I could inform the human patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. F-profile VI could be used to detect individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.97. F-profile VI was more prominent in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing chemoradiotherapy. We proposed that this profile might be related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhou
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mary-Jane L Ma
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rebecca W Y Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W K Jacky Lam
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenlei Peng
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wanxia Gai
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi Hu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Spencer C Ding
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lu Ji
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter P H Cheung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie C Y Yu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jeremy Y C Teoh
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent W S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Grace L H Wong
- Medical Data Analytics Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen L Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y. K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin P Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y. K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y. K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y. K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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9
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Wang G, Lam WKJ, Ling L, Ma MJL, Ramakrishnan S, Chan DCT, Lee WS, Cheng SH, Chan RWY, Yu SCY, Tse IOL, Wong WT, Jiang P, Chiu RWK, Allen Chan KC, Lo YMD. Fragment Ends of Circulating Microbial DNA as Signatures for Pathogen Detection in Sepsis. Clin Chem 2023; 69:189-201. [PMID: 36576350 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) molecules in blood plasma are nonrandomly fragmented, bearing a wealth of information related to tissues of origin. DNASE1L3 (deoxyribonuclease 1 like 3) is an important player in shaping the fragmentation of nuclear-derived cfDNA molecules, preferentially generating molecules with 5 CC dinucleotide termini (i.e., 5 CC-end motif). However, the fragment end properties of microbial cfDNA and its clinical implication remain to be explored. METHODS We performed end motif analysis on microbial cfDNA fragments in plasma samples from patients with sepsis. A sequence context-based normalization method was used to minimize the potential biases for end motif analysis. RESULTS The end motif profiles of microbial cfDNA appeared to resemble that of nuclear cfDNA (Spearman correlation coefficient: 0.82, P value 0.001). The CC-end motif was the most preferred end motif in microbial cfDNA, suggesting that DNASE1L3 might also play a role in the fragmentation of microbe-derived cfDNA in plasma. Of note, differential end motifs were present between microbial cfDNA originating from infection-causing pathogens (enriched at the CC-end) and contaminating microbial DNA potentially derived from reagents or the environment (nearly random). The use of fragment end signatures allowed differentiation between confirmed pathogens and contaminating microbes, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.99. The performance appeared to be superior to conventional analysis based on microbial cfDNA abundance alone. CONCLUSIONS The use of fragmentomic features could facilitate the differentiation of underlying contaminating microbes from true pathogens in sepsis. This work demonstrates the potential usefulness of microbial cfDNA fragmentomics in metagenomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangya Wang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W K Jacky Lam
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lowell Ling
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mary-Jane L Ma
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Saravanan Ramakrishnan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Don C T Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Shan Lee
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rebecca W Y Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie C Y Yu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Irene O L Tse
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Tat Wong
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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10
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Yu SCY, Deng J, Qiao R, Cheng SH, Peng W, Lau SL, Choy LYL, Leung TY, Wong J, Wong VWS, Wong GLH, Jiang P, Chiu RWK, Chan KCA, Lo YMD. Comparison of Single Molecule, Real-Time Sequencing and Nanopore Sequencing for Analysis of the Size, End-Motif, and Tissue-of-Origin of Long Cell-Free DNA in Plasma. Clin Chem 2023; 69:168-179. [PMID: 36322427 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies using single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing revealed a substantial population of analyzable long cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma. Potential clinical utilities of such long cfDNA in pregnancy and cancer have been demonstrated. However, the performance of different long-read sequencing platforms for the analysis of long cfDNA remains unknown. METHODS Size biases of SMRT sequencing by Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and nanopore sequencing by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) were evaluated using artificial mixtures of sonicated human and mouse DNA of different sizes. cfDNA from plasma samples of pregnant women at different trimesters, hepatitis B carriers, and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were sequenced with the 2 platforms. RESULTS Both platforms showed biases to sequence longer (1500 bp vs 200 bp) DNA fragments, with PacBio showing a stronger bias (5-fold overrepresentation of long fragments vs 2-fold in ONT). Percentages of cfDNA fragments 500 bp were around 6-fold higher in PacBio compared with ONT. End motif profiles of cfDNA from PacBio and ONT were similar, yet exhibited platform-dependent patterns. Tissue-of-origin analysis based on single-molecule methylation patterns showed comparable performance on both platforms. CONCLUSIONS SMRT sequencing generated data with higher percentages of long cfDNA compared with nanopore sequencing. Yet, a higher number of long cfDNA fragments eligible for the tissue-of-origin analysis could be obtained from nanopore sequencing due to its much higher throughput. When analyzing the size and end motif of cfDNA, one should be aware of the analytical characteristics and possible biases of the sequencing platforms being used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Y Yu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiaen Deng
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rong Qiao
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenlei Peng
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - So Ling Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L Y Lois Choy
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Y Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Grace L H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Abstract
In this Viewpoint, 2022 Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award winner Y. M. Dennis Lo discusses his discovery and application of cell-free fetal DNA for noninvasive prenatal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Williams CS, Rathmell WK, Carethers JM, Harper DM, Lo YMD, Ratcliffe PJ, Zaidi M. A global view of the aspiring physician-scientist. eLife 2022; 11:79738. [PMID: 36098684 PMCID: PMC9470153 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Physician-scientists have epitomized the blending of deep, rigorous impactful curiosity with broad attention to human health for centuries. While we aspire to prepare all physicians with an appreciation for these skills, those who apply them to push the understanding of the boundaries of human physiology and disease, to advance treatments, and to increase our knowledge base in the arena of human health can fulfill an essential space for our society, economies, and overall well-being. Working arm in arm with basic and translational scientists as well as expert clinicians, as peers in both groups, this career additionally serves as a bridge to facilitate the pace and direction of research that ultimately impacts health. Globally, there are remarkable similarities in challenges in this career path, and in the approaches employed to overcome them. Herein, we review how different countries train physician-scientists and suggest strategies to further bolster this career path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States.,Veterans Health Administration, Nashville, United States
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States
| | - John M Carethers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Diane M Harper
- Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter J Ratcliffe
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mone Zaidi
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
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13
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Chen M, Chan RWY, Cheung PPH, Ni M, Wong DKL, Zhou Z, Ma MJL, Huang L, Xu X, Lee WS, Wang G, Lui KO, Lam WKJ, Teoh JYC, Ng CF, Jiang P, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Fragmentomics of urinary cell-free DNA in nuclease knockout mouse models. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010262. [PMID: 35793278 PMCID: PMC9258866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary cell-free DNA (ucfDNA) is a potential biomarker for bladder cancer detection. However, the biological characteristics of ucfDNA are not well understood. We explored the roles of deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNASE1) and deoxyribonuclease 1-like 3 (DNASE1L3) in the fragmentation of ucfDNA using mouse models. The deletion of Dnase1 in mice (Dnase1-/-) caused aberrations in ucfDNA fragmentation, including a 24-fold increase in DNA concentration, and a 3-fold enrichment of long DNA molecules, with a relative decrease of fragments with thymine ends and reduction of jaggedness (i.e., the presence of single-stranded protruding ends). In contrast, such changes were not observed in mice with Dnase1l3 deletion (Dnase1l3-/-). These results suggested that DNASE1 was an important nuclease contributing to the ucfDNA fragmentation. Western blot analysis revealed that the concentration of DNASE1 protein was higher in urine than DNASE1L3. The native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis zymogram showed that DNASE1 activity in urine was higher than that in plasma. Furthermore, the proportion of ucfDNA fragment ends within DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) was significantly increased in Dnase1-deficient mice. In humans, patients with bladder cancer had lower proportions of ucfDNA fragment ends within the DHSs when compared with participants without bladder cancer. The area under the curve (AUC) for differentiating patients with and without bladder cancer was 0.83, suggesting the analysis of ucfDNA fragmentation in the DHSs may have potential for bladder cancer detection. This work revealed the intrinsic links between the nucleases in urine and ucfDNA fragmentomics. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in various bodily fluids, for example blood plasma and urine, is of great importance for noninvasive cancer detection and noninvasive prenatal testing. Many emerging studies on the fragmentation of plasma DNA (i.e., fragmentomics) have received much recent interest. However, the fragmentomics in urinary cfDNA (ucfDNA) remained much less explored. In this study, we explored the biological links between ucfDNA fragmentation and DNA nucleases, using mice for which either the Dnase1 or Dnase1l3 gene was genetically inactivated. Interestingly, we found that the deletion of Dnase1, but not Dnase1l3, caused dramatic alterations of ucfDNA fragmentation patterns, including the elevation of DNA concentration, lengthening of fragment size, disruptions of ucfDNA end motifs (i.e., nucleotide sequences at fragment end) and the jagged ends (i.e., the single-stranded protruding ends). The proportion of fragment ends within DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) was greatly increased in mice with the Dnase1 deletion. Such ucfDNA fragmentation pattern surrounding DHSs holds potential for classifying the human subjects with and without bladder cancer. The analysis combining various fragmentomic features could further improve the performance for bladder cancer detection, with an AUC of 0.91. This study has shed mechanistic insights into fragmentomics of ucfDNA in urine and has opened up new possibilities for applying ucfDNA fragmentomics in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Chen
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rebecca W. Y. Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter P. H. Cheung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meng Ni
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danny K. L. Wong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ze Zhou
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mary-Jane L. Ma
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liangbo Huang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinzhou Xu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Shan Lee
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guangya Wang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kathy O. Lui
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W. K. Jacky Lam
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jeremy Y. C. Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K. C. Allen Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W. K. Chiu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y. M. Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Choy LYL, Peng W, Jiang P, Cheng SH, Yu SCY, Shang H, Tse OYO, Wong J, Wong VWS, Wong GLH, Lam WKJ, Chan SL, Chiu RWK, Chan KCA, Lo YMD. Single-molecule Sequencing Enables Long Cell-free DNA Detection and Direct Methylation Analysis for Cancer Patients. Clin Chem 2022; 68:1151-1163. [PMID: 35587130 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of circulating tumor DNA has become increasingly important as a tool for cancer care. However, the focus of previous studies has been on short fragments of DNA. Also, bisulfite sequencing, a conventional approach for methylation analysis, causes DNA degradation, which is not ideal for the assessment of long DNA properties and methylation patterns. This study attempted to overcome such obstacles by single-molecule sequencing. METHODS Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing was used to sequence plasma DNA. We performed fragment size and direct methylation analysis for each molecule. A methylation score concerning single-molecule methylation patterns was used for cancer detection. RESULTS A substantial proportion of plasma DNA was longer than 1 kb with a median of 16% in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, hepatitis B virus carriers and healthy individuals. The longest plasma DNA molecule in the HCC patients was 39.8 kb. Tumoral cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was generally shorter than nontumoral cfDNA. The longest tumoral cfDNA was 13.6 kb. Tumoral cfDNA had lower methylation levels compared with nontumoral cfDNA (median: 59.3% versus 76.9%). We developed and analyzed a metric reflecting single-molecule methylation patterns associated with cancer, named the HCC methylation score. HCC patients displayed significantly higher HCC methylation scores than those without HCC. Interestingly, compared to using short cfDNA (Area-Under-the-Curve, AUC: 0.75), the use of long cfDNA molecules greatly enhanced the discriminatory power (AUC: 0.91). CONCLUSIONS A previously unidentified long cfDNA population was revealed in cancer patients. The presence and direct methylation analysis of these molecules open new possibilities for cancer liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Lois Choy
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenlei Peng
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie C Y Yu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huimin Shang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - O Y Olivia Tse
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Grace L H Wong
- Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W K Jacky Lam
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen L Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Sin ST, Deng J, Ji L, Yukawa M, Chan RW, Volpi S, Vaglio A, Fenaroli P, Bocca P, Cheng SH, Wong DK, Lui KO, Jiang P, Chan KCA, Chiu RW, Lo YMD. Effects of nucleases on cell-free extrachromosomal circular DNA. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156070. [PMID: 35451374 PMCID: PMC9089787 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) as a distinct topological form from linear DNA has recently gained increasing research interest, with possible clinical applications as a class of biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between nucleases and eccDNA characteristics in plasma. By using knockout mouse models with deficiencies in deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNASE1) or deoxyribonuclease 1 like 3 (DNASE1L3), we found that cell-free eccDNA in Dnase1l3-/- mice exhibited larger size distributions than that in wild-type mice. Such size alterations were not found in tissue eccDNA of either Dnase1-/- or Dnase1l3-/- mice, suggesting that DNASE1L3 could digest eccDNA extracellularly but did not seem to affect intracellular eccDNA. Using a mouse pregnancy model, we observed that in Dnase1l3-/- mice pregnant with Dnase1l3+/- fetuses, the eccDNA in the maternal plasma was shorter compared with that of Dnase1l3-/- mice carrying Dnase1l3-/- fetuses, highlighting the systemic effects of circulating fetal DNASE1L3 degrading the maternal eccDNA extracellularly. Furthermore, plasma eccDNA in patients with DNASE1L3 mutations also exhibited longer size distributions than that in healthy controls. Taken together, this study provided a hitherto missing link between nuclease activity and the biological manifestations of eccDNA in plasma, paving the way for future biomarker development of this special form of DNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tk Sin
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiaen Deng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lu Ji
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Masashi Yukawa
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rebecca Wy Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Pediatric and Rheumatology Clinic, Center of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Scientific Hospitalization and Treatment Institute (IRCCS), Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit and.,Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Paola Bocca
- Pediatric and Rheumatology Clinic, Center of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Scientific Hospitalization and Treatment Institute (IRCCS), Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danny Kl Wong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa Wk Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Jiang P, Lo YMD. Enhanced cancer detection from cell-free DNA. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:473-474. [PMID: 35361997 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyong Jiang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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17
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Ding SC, Chan RWY, Peng W, Huang L, Zhou Z, Hu X, Volpi S, Hiraki LT, Vaglio A, Fenaroli P, Bocca P, Tam LS, Wong PCH, Tam LHP, Jiang P, Chiu RWK, Allen Chan KC, Dennis Lo YM. OUP accepted manuscript. Clin Chem 2022; 68:917-926. [PMID: 35587043 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C Ding
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rebecca W Y Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenlei Peng
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liangbo Huang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ze Zhou
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi Hu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia, Centro per le malattie Autoinfiammatorie e Immunodeficienze, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Linda T Hiraki
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Paola Bocca
- Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia, Centro per le malattie Autoinfiammatorie e Immunodeficienze, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Lai Shan Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Priscilla C H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lydia H P Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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18
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Vong JSL, Ji L, Heung MMS, Cheng SH, Wong J, Lai PBS, Wong VWS, Chan SL, Chan HLY, Jiang P, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Single Cell and Plasma RNA Sequencing for RNA Liquid Biopsy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Chem 2021; 67:1492-1502. [PMID: 34463757 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human plasma contains RNA transcripts released by multiple cell types within the body. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis allows the cellular origin of circulating RNA molecules to be elucidated at high resolution and has been successfully utilized in the pregnancy context. We explored the application of a similar approach to develop plasma RNA markers for cancer detection. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to decipher transcriptomic profiles of single cells from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples. Cell-type-specific transcripts were identified and used for deducing the cell-type-specific gene signature (CELSIG) scores of plasma RNA from patients with and without HCC. RESULTS Six major cell clusters were identified, including hepatocyte-like, cholangiocyte-like, myofibroblast, endothelial, lymphoid, and myeloid cell clusters based on 4 HCC tumor tissues as well as their paired adjacent nontumoral tissues. The CELSIG score of hepatocyte-like cells was significantly increased in preoperative plasma RNA samples of patients with HCC (n = 14) compared with non-HCC participants (n = 49). The CELSIG score of hepatocyte-like cells declined in plasma RNA samples of patients with HCC within 3 days after tumor resection. Compared with the discriminating power between patients with and without HCC using the abundance of ALB transcript in plasma [area under curve (AUC) 0.72)], an improved performance (AUC: 0.84) was observed using the CELSIG score. The hepatocyte-specific transcript markers in plasma RNA were further validated by ddPCR assays. The CELSIG scores of hepatocyte-like cell and cholangiocyte trended with patients' survival. CONCLUSIONS The combination of single-cell transcriptomic analysis and plasma RNA sequencing represents an approach for the development of new noninvasive cancer markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim S L Vong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lu Ji
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Macy M S Heung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent W S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen L Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Henry L Y Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the discovery of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal blood in 1997, the interplay of basic scientific observations and technological developments have continued to drive new clinical applications in the field. AIMS This commentary discusses a number of examples in this virtuous circle of science, technology and clinical applications. MATERIALS & METHODS: Commentary and literature review. RESULTS One example of technological developments is the detection technologies for detecting circulating DNA, moving from conventional PCR, to real-time PCR, to massively parallel sequencing. One example of basic scientific understanding is the size and fragmentation patterns of circulating DNA. DISCUSSION Beyond creating a global paradigm in prenatal medicine, the development of noninvasive prenatal testing has also impacted other areas such as cancer screening and transplantation monitoring. Finally, the commentary looks forward to what might be in store in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Han DSC, Ni M, Chan RWY, Wong DKL, Hiraki LT, Volpi S, Jiang P, Lui KO, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Nuclease deficiencies alter plasma cell-free DNA methylation profiles. Genome Res 2021; 31:2008-2021. [PMID: 34470801 PMCID: PMC8559716 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275426.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of DNASE1L3 or DNASE1 deficiency on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation were explored in plasma of mice deficient in these nucleases and in DNASE1L3-deficient humans. Compared to wild-type cfDNA, cfDNA in DNASE1L3-deficient mice was significantly hypomethylated, while cfDNA in DNASE1-deficient mice was hypermethylated. The cfDNA hypomethylation in DNASE1L3-deficient mice was due to increased fragmentation and representation from open chromatin regions (OCRs) and CpG islands (CGIs). These findings were absent in DNASE1-deficient mice, demonstrating the preference of DNASE1 to cleave in hypomethylated OCRs and CGIs. We also observed a substantial decrease of fragment ends at methylated CpGs in the absence of DNASE1L3, thereby demonstrating that DNASE1L3 prefers to cleave at methylated CpGs. Furthermore, we found that methylation levels of cfDNA varied by fragment size in a periodic pattern, with cfDNA of specific sizes being more hypomethylated and enriched for OCRs and CGIs. These findings were confirmed in DNASE1L3-deficient human cfDNA. Thus, we have found that nuclease-mediated cfDNA fragmentation markedly affects cfDNA methylation level on a genome-wide scale. This work provides a foundational understanding of the relationship between methylation, nuclease biology, and cfDNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S C Han
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meng Ni
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rebecca W Y Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danny K L Wong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linda T Hiraki
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia, Centro per le malattie Autoinfiammatorie e Immunodeficienze, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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21
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Danesi R, Lo YMD, Oellerich M, Beck J, Galbiati S, Re MD, Lianidou E, Neumaier M, van Schaik RHN. What do we need to obtain high quality circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for routine diagnostic test in oncology? - Considerations on pre-analytical aspects by the IFCC workgroup cfDNA. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 520:168-171. [PMID: 34081934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of circulating cell free DNA is an important tool for the analysis of tumor resistance, tumor heterogeneity, detection of minimal residual disease and detection of allograft rejection in kidney or heart transplant patients. The proper use of this technique is important, and starts with considering pre-analytic aspects. The current paper addresses some important technical considerations to ensure the proper and harmonized use of cfDNA techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Y M D Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - M Oellerich
- Dept. Clinical Pharmacology, George-August University, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - J Beck
- Chronix BioMedical GmbH, Goettingen, Germany
| | - S Galbiati
- Unit of Genomic for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Lianidou
- Dept. Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Mannheim, Germany
| | - R H N van Schaik
- Dept. Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Lo YMD, Han DSC, Jiang P, Chiu RWK. Epigenetics, fragmentomics, and topology of cell-free DNA in liquid biopsies. Science 2021; 372:372/6538/eaaw3616. [PMID: 33833097 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies that analyze cell-free DNA in blood plasma are used for noninvasive prenatal testing, oncology, and monitoring of organ transplant recipients. DNA molecules are released into the plasma from various bodily tissues. Physical and molecular features of cell-free DNA fragments and their distribution over the genome bear information about their tissues of origin. Moreover, patterns of DNA methylation of these molecules reflect those of their tissue sources. The nucleosomal organization and nuclease content of the tissue of origin affect the fragmentation profile of plasma DNA molecules, such as fragment size and end motifs. Besides double-stranded linear fragments, other topological forms of cell-free DNA also exist-namely circular and single-stranded molecules. Enhanced by these features, liquid biopsies hold promise for the noninvasive detection of tissue-specific pathologies with a range of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory in Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Diana S C Han
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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23
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Abstract
Cell‐free fetal DNA analysis has an established role in prenatal assessments. It serves as a source of fetal genetic material that is accessible non‐invasively from maternal blood. Through the years, evidence has accumulated to show that cell‐free fetal DNA molecules are derived from placental tissues, are mainly of short DNA fragments and have rapid post‐delivery clearance profiles. But questions regarding how they come to being short molecules from placental cells and in which physical forms do they exist remained largely unanswered until recently. We now know that the distributions of ending sites of cell‐free DNA molecules are non‐random across the genome and bear correlations with the chromatin structures of cells from which they have originated. Such an insight offers ways to deduce the tissue‐of‐origin of these molecules. Besides, the physical nature and sequence characteristics of the ends of each cell‐free DNA molecule provide tell‐tale signs of how the DNA fragmentation processes are orchestrated by nuclease enzymes. These realizations offered opportunities to develop methods for enriching cell‐free fetal DNA to facilitate non‐invasive prenatal diagnostics. Here we aimed to collate what is known about the biological and physical characteristics of cell‐free fetal DNA into one article and explain the implications of these observations.
What’s already known about this topic?
Cell‐free fetal DNA originates from placental tissues and circulates in maternal plasma as a minor population in the form of short fragments which disappears from maternal circulation rapidly after delivery.
What does this study add?
Cell‐free DNA studies at the per molecule per nucleotide level documented the detailed genomic distributions, fragment end characteristics and physical forms of cell‐free DNA unveiling the fine feature differences between maternal and fetal DNA as well as their intricate relationships with the chromatin structure of the cells‐of‐origin. These studies have substantially bridged the knowledge gaps in the biology of cell‐free fetal DNA and may provide insights on how to enhance prenatal tests based on their analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossa W K Chiu
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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24
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Chiu RWK, Dutta A, Hensson AG, Lo YMD, Mischel P, Regenberg B. What Is Extrachromosomal Circular DNA and What Does It Do? Clin Chem 2021; 66:754-759. [PMID: 32470125 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossa W K Chiu
- Choh-Ming Li Professor of Chemical Pathology, Department of Chemical Pathology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Harrison Distinguished Professor and Department Chair, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Professor of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Anton G Hensson
- Emmy Noether Group Leader (DFG) and BIH-Clinician Scientist, Experimental and Clinical Research Center of the Max Delbrück Center and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Professor of Medicine, Department of Chemical Pathology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Mischel
- Distinguished Professor, UCSD, Member, Ludwig Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Birgitte Regenberg
- Associate Professor, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
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25
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Hui EP, Ma BBY, Lam WKJ, Chan KCA, Mo F, Ai QYH, King AD, Wong CH, Wong KCW, Lam DCM, Tong M, Poon DMC, Li L, Lau TKH, Wong KH, Lo YMD, Chan ATC. Dynamic Changes of Post-Radiotherapy Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in a Randomized Trial of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Versus Observation in Nasopharyngeal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2827-2836. [PMID: 33692028 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the dynamic changes in plasma Epstein-Barr virus (pEBV) DNA after radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We conducted a randomized controlled trial of adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in patients with NPC who had detectable pEBV DNA at 6 weeks post-radiotherapy. Randomized patients had a second pEBV DNA checked at 6 months post-randomization. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS We prospectively enrolled 789 patients. Baseline post-radiotherapy pEBV DNA was undetectable in 573 (72.6%) patients, and detectable in 216 (27.4%) patients, of whom 104 (13.2%) patients were eligible for randomization to adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 52) versus observation (n = 52). The first post-radiotherapy pEBV DNA had a sensitivity of 0.48, specificity of 0.81, area under receiver-operator characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.65, false positive (FP) rate of 13.8%, and false negative (FN) rate of 14.4% for disease progression. The second post-radiotherapy pEBV DNA had improved sensitivity of 0.81, specificity of 0.75, AUC of 0.78, FP rate of 14.3%, and FN rate of 8.1%. Patients with complete clearance of post-radiotherapy pEBV DNA (51%) had survival superior to that of patients without post-radiotherapy pEBV DNA clearance (5-year PFS, 85.5% vs. 23.3%; HR, 9.6; P < 0.0001), comparable with patients with initially undetectable post-radiotherapy pEBV DNA (5-year PFS, 77.1%), irrespective of adjuvant chemotherapy or observation. CONCLUSIONS Patients with NPC with detectable post-radiotherapy pEBV DNA who experienced subsequent pEBV DNA clearance had superior survival comparable with patients with initially undetectable post-radiotherapy pEBV DNA. Post-radiotherapy pEBV DNA clearance may serve as an early surrogate endpoint for long-term survival in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Pun Hui
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - W K Jacky Lam
- Department of Chemical Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Frankie Mo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Qi-Yong Hemis Ai
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ann D King
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Hang Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kenneth C W Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Daisy C M Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Macy Tong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Darren M C Poon
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Leung Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas K H Lau
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Hung Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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26
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Sin STK, Ji L, Deng J, Jiang P, Cheng SH, Heung MMS, Lau CSL, Leung TY, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Characteristics of Fetal Extrachromosomal Circular DNA in Maternal Plasma: Methylation Status and Clearance. Clin Chem 2021; 67:788-796. [PMID: 33615350 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the characterization of cell-free extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) has gained much research interest, the methylation status of these molecules is yet to be elucidated. We set out to compare the methylation densities of plasma eccDNA of maternal and fetal origins, and between small and large molecules. The clearance of fetal eccDNA from maternal circulation was also investigated. METHODS We developed a sequencing protocol for eccDNA methylation analysis using tagmentation and enzymatic conversion approaches. A restriction enzyme-based approach was applied to verify the tagmentation results. The efficiency of cell-free fetal eccDNA clearance was investigated by fetal eccDNA fraction evaluations at various postpartum time points. RESULTS The methylation densities of fetal eccDNA (median: 56.3%; range: 40.5-67.6%) were lower than the maternal eccDNA (median: 66.7%; range: 56.5-75.7%) (P = 0.02, paired t-test). In addition, eccDNA molecules from the smaller peak cluster (180-230 bp) were of lower methylation levels than those from the larger peak cluster (300-450 bp). Both of these findings were confirmed using the restriction enzyme approach. We also observed comparable methylation densities between linear and eccDNA of both maternal and fetal origins. The average half-lives of fetal linear and eccDNA in the maternal blood were 30.2 and 29.7 min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found that fetal eccDNA in plasma was relatively hypomethylated compared to the maternal eccDNA. The methylation densities of eccDNA were positively correlated with their sizes. In addition, fetal eccDNA was found to be rapidly cleared from the maternal blood after delivery, similar to fetal linear DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T K Sin
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lu Ji
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiaen Deng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Macy M S Heung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Caitlyn S L Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Y Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhou Z, Cheng SH, Ding SC, Heung MMS, Xie T, Cheng THT, Lam WKJ, Peng W, Teoh JYC, Chiu PKF, Ng CF, Jiang P, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Jagged Ends of Urinary Cell-Free DNA: Characterization and Feasibility Assessment in Bladder Cancer Detection. Clin Chem 2021; 67:621-630. [PMID: 33604652 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Double-stranded DNA in plasma is known to carry single-stranded ends, called jagged ends. Plasma DNA jagged ends are biomarkers for pathophysiologic states such as pregnancy and cancer. It remains unknown whether urinary cell-free DNA (cfDNA) molecules have jagged ends. METHODS Jagged ends of cfDNA were detected by incorporating unmethylated cytosines during a DNA end-repair process, followed by bisulfite sequencing. Incorporation of unmethylated cytosines during the repair of the jagged ends lowered the apparent methylation levels measured by bisulfite sequencing and were used to calculate a jagged end index. This approach is called jagged end analysis by sequencing. RESULTS The jagged end index of urinary cfDNA was higher than that of plasma DNA. The jagged end index profile of plasma DNA displayed several strongly oscillating major peaks at intervals of approximately 165 bp (i.e., nucleosome size) and weakly oscillating minor peaks with periodicities of approximately 10 bp. In contrast, the urinary DNA jagged end index profile showed weakly oscillating major peaks but strongly oscillating minor peaks. The jagged end index was generally higher in nucleosomal linker DNA regions. Patients with bladder cancer (n = 46) had lower jagged end indexed of urinary DNA than participants without bladder cancer (n = 39). The area under the curve for differentiating between patients with and without bladder cancer was 0.83. CONCLUSIONS Jagged ends represent a property of urinary cfDNA. The generation of jagged ends might be related to nucleosomal structures, with enrichment in linker DNA regions. Jagged ends of urinary DNA could potentially serve as a new biomarker for bladder cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhou
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Spencer C Ding
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Macy M S Heung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Timothy H T Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W K Jacky Lam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenlei Peng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jeremy Y C Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter K F Chiu
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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28
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Ma ML, Yakovenko S, Zhang H, Cheng SH, Apryshko V, Zhavoronkov A, Jiang P, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Cover Image. Prenat Diagn 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.5922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Chiu RWK, Heitzer E, Lo YMD, Mouliere F, Tsui DWY. Cell-Free DNA Fragmentomics: The New "Omics" on the Block. Clin Chem 2020; 66:1480-1484. [PMID: 34214152 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossa W K Chiu
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Associate Professor, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese Universty of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Florent Mouliere
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dana W Y Tsui
- Technical Director, Diagnostic Molecular Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York.,Assistant Professor, Research in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
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30
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Ma MJL, Yakovenko S, Zhang H, Cheng SH, Apryshko V, Zhavoronkov A, Jiang P, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Fetal mitochondrial DNA in maternal plasma in surrogate pregnancies: Detection and topology. Prenat Diagn 2020; 41:368-375. [PMID: 33140416 PMCID: PMC7984455 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Due to the maternally‐inherited nature of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), there is a lack of information regarding fetal mtDNA in the plasma of pregnant women. We aim to explore the presence and topologic forms of circulating fetal and maternal mtDNA molecules in surrogate pregnancies. Methods Genotypic differences between fetal and surrogate maternal mtDNA were used to identify the fetal and maternal mtDNA molecules in plasma. Plasma samples were obtained from the surrogate pregnant mothers. Using cleavage‐end signatures of BfaI restriction enzyme, linear and circular mtDNA molecules in maternal plasma could be differentiated. Results Fetal‐derived mtDNA molecules were mainly linear (median: 88%; range: 80%–96%), whereas approximately half of the maternal‐derived mtDNA molecules were circular (median: 51%; range: 42%–60%). The fetal DNA fraction of linear mtDNA was lower (median absolute difference: 9.8%; range: 1.1%–27%) than that of nuclear DNA (median: 20%; range: 9.7%–35%). The fetal‐derived linear mtDNA molecules were shorter than the maternal‐derived ones. Conclusion Fetal mtDNA is present in maternal plasma, and consists mainly of linear molecules. Surrogate pregnancies represent a valuable clinical scenario for exploring the biology and potential clinical applications of circulating mtDNA, for example, for pregnancies conceived following mitochondrial replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Jane L Ma
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sergey Yakovenko
- Altravita IVF-clinic, ECO Center, Moscow, Russia.,Biophysics Department, Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine Ltd, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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31
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Chan RWY, Serpas L, Ni M, Volpi S, Hiraki LT, Tam LS, Rashidfarrokhi A, Wong PCH, Tam LHP, Wang Y, Jiang P, Cheng ASH, Peng W, Han DSC, Tse PPP, Lau PK, Lee WS, Magnasco A, Buti E, Sisirak V, AlMutairi N, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Reizis B, Lo YMD. Plasma DNA Profile Associated with DNASE1L3 Gene Mutations: Clinical Observations, Relationships to Nuclease Substrate Preference, and In Vivo Correction. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:882-894. [PMID: 33022220 PMCID: PMC7674998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma DNA fragmentomics is an emerging area in cell-free DNA diagnostics and research. In murine models, it has been shown that the extracellular DNase, DNASE1L3, plays a role in the fragmentation of plasma DNA. In humans, DNASE1L3 deficiency causes familial monogenic systemic lupus erythematosus with childhood onset and anti-dsDNA reactivity. In this study, we found that human patients with DNASE1L3 disease-associated gene variations showed aberrations in size and a reduction of a "CC" end motif of plasma DNA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DNA from DNASE1L3-digested cell nuclei showed a median length of 153 bp with CC motif frequencies resembling plasma DNA from healthy individuals. Adeno-associated virus-based transduction of Dnase1l3 into Dnase1l3-deficient mice restored the end motif profiles to those seen in the plasma DNA of wild-type mice. Our findings demonstrate that DNASE1L3 is an important player in the fragmentation of plasma DNA, which appears to act in a cell-extrinsic manner to regulate plasma DNA size and motif frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca W Y Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lee Serpas
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Meng Ni
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia, Centro per le malattie Autoinfiammatorie e Immunodeficienze, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Linda T Hiraki
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Lai-Shan Tam
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ali Rashidfarrokhi
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Priscilla C H Wong
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lydia H P Tam
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yueyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alice S H Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenlei Peng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Diana S C Han
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patty P P Tse
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pik Ki Lau
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Shan Lee
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alberto Magnasco
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Buti
- Nefrologia e Dialisi, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Meyer, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Vanja Sisirak
- CNRS-UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpt, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nora AlMutairi
- Sabah Hospital, Jaber Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah Hospital, Kuwait
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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32
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Lam WKJ, Ji L, Tse OYO, Cheng SH, Jiang P, Lee PHP, Lin SV, Hui EP, Ma BBY, Chan ATC, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Sequencing Analysis of Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Reveals Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma-Associated Single Nucleotide Variant Profiles. Clin Chem 2020; 66:598-605. [PMID: 32191318 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Plasma EBV DNA is a validated screening tool for NPC. In screening, there are some individuals who do not have NPC but carry EBV DNA in plasma. Currently it is not known from screening if there may be any genotypic differences in EBV isolates from NPC and non-NPC subjects. Also, low concentrations of EBV DNA in plasma could pose challenge to such EBV genotypic analysis through plasma DNA sequencing. METHODS In a training dataset comprised of plasma DNA sequencing data of NPC and non-NPC subjects, we studied the difference in the EBV single nucleotide variant (SNV) profiles between the two groups. The most differentiating SNVs across the EBV genome were identified. We proposed an NPC risk score to be derived from the genotypic patterns over these SNV sites. We subsequently analyzed the NPC risk scores in a testing set. RESULTS A total of 661 significant SNVs across the EBV genome were identified from the training set. In the testing set, NPC plasma samples were shown to have high NPC risk scores, which suggested the presence of NPC-associated EBV SNV profiles. Among the non-NPC samples, there was a wide range of NPC risk scores. These results support the presence of diverse SNV profiles of EBV isolates from non-NPC subjects. CONCLUSION EBV genotypic analysis is feasible through plasma DNA sequencing. The NPC risk score may be used to inform the cancer risk based on the EBV genome-wide SNV profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Jacky Lam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lu Ji
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - O Y Olivia Tse
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P H Patrick Lee
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Vivien Lin
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin P Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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33
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King AD, Woo JKS, Ai QY, Mo FKF, So TY, Lam WKJ, Tse IOL, Vlantis AC, Yip KWN, Hui EP, Ma BBY, Chiu RWK, Chan ATC, Lo YMD, Chan KCA. Early Detection of Cancer: Evaluation of MR Imaging Grading Systems in Patients with Suspected Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:515-521. [PMID: 32184223 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We evaluated modifications to our contrast-enhanced MR imaging grading system for symptomatic patients with suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma, aimed at improving discrimination of early-stage cancer and benign hyperplasia. We evaluated a second non-contrast-enhanced MR imaging grading system for asymptomatic patients from nasopharyngeal carcinoma plasma screening programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dedicated nasopharyngeal MR imaging before (plain scan system) and after intravenous contrast administration (current and modified systems) was reviewed in patients from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma-endemic region, comprising 383 patients with suspected disease without nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 383 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The modified and plain scan systems refined primary tumor criteria, added a nodal assessment, and expanded the system from 4 to 5 grades. The overall combined sensitivity and specificity of the 3 systems were compared using the extended McNemar test (a χ2 value [Formula: see text]> 5.99 indicates significance). RESULTS The current, modified, and plain scan MR imaging systems yielded sensitivities of 99.74%, 97.91%, and 97.65%, respectively, and specificities of 63.45%, 89.56% and 86.42%, respectively. The modified system yielded significantly better performance than the current ([Formula: see text] = 122) and plain scan ([Formula: see text] = 6.1) systems. The percentages of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in grades 1-2, grade 3, and grades 4-5 for the modified and plain scan MR imaging systems were 0.42% and 0.44%; 6.31% and 6.96%; and 90.36% and 87.79%, respectively. No additional cancers were detected after contrast administration in cases of a plain scan graded 1-2. CONCLUSIONS We propose a modified MR imaging grading system that improves diagnostic performance for nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection. Contrast was not valuable for low MR imaging grades, and the plain scan shows potential for use in screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D King
- From the Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (A.D.K., Q.Y.A., T.Y.S., K.W.N.Y.)
| | - J K S Woo
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (J.K.S.W., A.C.V.)
| | - Q-Y Ai
- Clinical Oncology (F.K.F.M., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., A.T.C.C.)
| | - F K F Mo
- Chemical Pathology (W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., R.W.K.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.).,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T Y So
- From the Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (A.D.K., Q.Y.A., T.Y.S., K.W.N.Y.)
| | - W K J Lam
- Chemical Pathology (W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., R.W.K.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.).,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - I O L Tse
- Chemical Pathology (W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., R.W.K.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.).,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A C Vlantis
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (J.K.S.W., A.C.V.)
| | - K W N Yip
- From the Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (A.D.K., Q.Y.A., T.Y.S., K.W.N.Y.)
| | - E P Hui
- Clinical Oncology (F.K.F.M., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., A.T.C.C.).,Chemical Pathology (W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., R.W.K.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.).,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - B B Y Ma
- Clinical Oncology (F.K.F.M., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., A.T.C.C.).,Chemical Pathology (W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., R.W.K.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.).,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R W K Chiu
- Chemical Pathology (W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., R.W.K.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.).,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A T C Chan
- Clinical Oncology (F.K.F.M., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., A.T.C.C.).,Chemical Pathology (W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., R.W.K.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.).,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M D Lo
- Chemical Pathology (W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., R.W.K.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.).,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C A Chan
- Chemical Pathology (W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., R.W.K.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.).,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology (F.K.F.M., W.K.J.L., I.O.L.T., E.P.H., B.B.Y.M., R.W.K.C., A.T.C.C., Y.M.D.L., K.C.A.C.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jiang P, Xie T, Ding SC, Zhou Z, Cheng SH, Chan RWY, Lee WS, Peng W, Wong J, Wong VWS, Chan HLY, Chan SL, Poon LCY, Leung TY, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Detection and characterization of jagged ends of double-stranded DNA in plasma. Genome Res 2020; 30:1144-1153. [PMID: 32801148 PMCID: PMC7462074 DOI: 10.1101/gr.261396.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free DNA in plasma has been used for noninvasive prenatal testing and cancer liquid biopsy. The physical properties of cell-free DNA fragments in plasma, such as fragment sizes and ends, have attracted much recent interest, leading to the emerging field of cell-free DNA fragmentomics. However, one aspect of plasma DNA fragmentomics as to whether double-stranded plasma molecules might carry single-stranded ends, termed a jagged end in this study, remains underexplored. We have developed two approaches for investigating the presence of jagged ends in a plasma DNA pool. These approaches utilized DNA end repair to introduce differential methylation signals between the original sequence and the jagged ends, depending on whether unmethylated or methylated cytosines were used in the DNA end-repair procedure. The majority of plasma DNA molecules (87.8%) were found to bear jagged ends. The jaggedness varied according to plasma DNA fragment sizes and appeared to be in association with nucleosomal patterns. In the plasma of pregnant women, the jaggedness of fetal DNA molecules was higher than that of the maternal counterparts. The jaggedness of plasma DNA correlated with the fetal DNA fraction. Similarly, in the plasma of cancer patients, tumor-derived DNA molecules in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma showed an elevated jaggedness compared with nontumoral DNA. In mouse models, knocking out of the Dnase1 gene reduced jaggedness, whereas knocking out of the Dnase1l3 gene enhanced jaggedness. Hence, plasma DNA jagged ends represent an intrinsic property of plasma DNA and provide a link between nuclease activities and the fragmentation of plasma DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Spencer C Ding
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ze Zhou
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rebecca W Y Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Shan Lee
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenlei Peng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent W S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Henry L Y Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen L Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liona C Y Poon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Y Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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35
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King AD, Woo JKS, Ai QY, Chan JSM, Lam WKJ, Tse IOL, Bhatia KS, Zee BCY, Hui EP, Ma BBY, Chiu RWK, van Hasselt AC, Chan ATC, Lo YMD, Chan KCA. Complementary roles of MRI and endoscopic examination in the early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2020; 30:977-982. [PMID: 30912815 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) evades detection when the primary tumor is hidden from view on endoscopic examination. Therefore, in a prospective study of subjects being screened for NPC using plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA, we conducted a study to investigate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could detect endoscopically occult NPC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants with persistently positive EBV DNA underwent endoscopic examination and biopsy when suspicious for NPC, followed by MRI blinded to the endoscopic findings. Participants with a negative endoscopic examination and positive MRI were recalled for biopsy or surveillance. Diagnostic performance was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, based on the histologic confirmation of NPC in the initial study or in a follow-up period of at least two years. RESULTS Endoscopic examination and MRI were performed on 275 participants, 34 had NPC, 2 had other cancers and 239 without cancer were followed-up for a median of 36 months (24-60 months). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 76.5%, 97.5% and 94.9%, respectively, for endoscopic examination and 91.2%, 97.5% and 96.7%, respectively, for MRI. NPC was detected only by endoscopic examination in 1/34 (2.9%) participants (a participant with stage I disease), and only by MRI in 6/34 (17.6%) participants (stage I = 4, II = 1, III = 1), two of whom had stage I disease and follow-up showing slow growth on MRI but no change on endoscopic examination for 36 months. CONCLUSION MRI has a complementary role to play in NPC detection and can enable the earlier detection of endoscopically occult NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D King
- Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology.
| | - J K S Woo
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Q Y Ai
- Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology
| | - J S M Chan
- Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology
| | - W K J Lam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - I O L Tse
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K S Bhatia
- Department of Imaging, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare, National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - B C Y Zee
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - E P Hui
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - B B Y Ma
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A C van Hasselt
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - A T C Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M D Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C A Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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36
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Dennis Lo YM. Screening of Fetal Chromosomal Aneuploidy by Noninvasive Prenatal Testing: From Innovation to Setting Public Health Agendas to Potential Impact on Other Fields. Clin Chem 2020; 66:25-28. [PMID: 31628140 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2019.303230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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37
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Lo YMD, Chiu RWK. Racing Towards the Development of Diagnostics for a Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Clin Chem 2020; 66:503-504. [PMID: 32031590 PMCID: PMC7108485 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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38
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Jiang P, Sun K, Peng W, Cheng SH, Ni M, Yeung PC, Heung MMS, Xie T, Shang H, Zhou Z, Chan RWY, Wong J, Wong VWS, Poon LC, Leung TY, Lam WKJ, Chan JYK, Chan HLY, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Plasma DNA End-Motif Profiling as a Fragmentomic Marker in Cancer, Pregnancy, and Transplantation. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:664-673. [PMID: 32111602 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasma DNA fragmentomics is an emerging area of research covering plasma DNA sizes, end points, and nucleosome footprints. In the present study, we found a significant increase in the diversity of plasma DNA end motifs in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Compared with patients without HCC, patients with HCC showed a preferential pattern of 4-mer end motifs. In particular, the abundance of plasma DNA motif CCCA was much lower in patients with HCC than in subjects without HCC. The aberrant end motifs were also observed in patients with other cancer types, including colorectal cancer, lung cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We further observed that the profile of plasma DNA end motifs originating from the same organ, such as the liver, placenta, and hematopoietic cells, generally clustered together. The profile of end motifs may therefore serve as a class of biomarkers for liquid biopsy in oncology, noninvasive prenatal testing, and transplantation monitoring. SIGNIFICANCE: Plasma DNA molecules originating from the liver, HCC and other cancers, placenta, and hematopoietic cells each harbor a set of characteristic plasma DNA end motifs. Such markers carry tissue-of-origin information and represent a new class of biomarkers in the nascent field of fragmentomics.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 627.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenlei Peng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meng Ni
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Philip C Yeung
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Macy M S Heung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huimin Shang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ze Zhou
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rebecca W Y Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent W S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liona C Poon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Yeung Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W K Jacky Lam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason Y K Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Henry L Y Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Han DSC, Ni M, Chan RWY, Chan VWH, Lui KO, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. The Biology of Cell-free DNA Fragmentation and the Roles of DNASE1, DNASE1L3, and DFFB. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:202-214. [PMID: 32004449 PMCID: PMC7010979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cf.DNA) is a powerful noninvasive biomarker for cancer and prenatal testing, and it circulates in plasma as short fragments. To elucidate the biology of cf.DNA fragmentation, we explored the roles of deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNASE1), deoxyribonuclease 1 like 3 (DNASE1L3), and DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (DFFB) with mice deficient in each of these nucleases. By analyzing the ends of cf.DNA fragments in each type of nuclease-deficient mice with those in wild-type mice, we show that each nuclease has a specific cutting preference that reveals the stepwise process of cf.DNA fragmentation. Essentially, we demonstrate that cf.DNA is generated first intracellularly with DFFB, intracellular DNASE1L3, and other nucleases. Then, cf.DNA fragmentation continues extracellularly with circulating DNASE1L3 and DNASE1. With the use of heparin to disrupt the nucleosomal structure, we also show that the 10 bp periodicity originates from the cutting of DNA within an intact nucleosomal structure. Altogether, this work establishes a model of cf.DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S C Han
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meng Ni
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rebecca W Y Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vicken W H Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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40
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Dennis Lo YM, Baudhuin LM, Pantel K, Chiu RWK, Nolte FS, Wittwer CT. Molecular Diagnostics: Going from Strength to Strength. Clin Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem.2019.314385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linnea M Baudhuin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Frederick S Nolte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Carl T Wittwer
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT
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41
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Ma MJL, Zhang H, Jiang P, Sin STK, Lam WKJ, Cheng SH, Lee WS, Gai W, Tse OYO, Peng W, Wong J, Raghupathy R, Wong RSM, Sahota D, Leung TY, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Topologic Analysis of Plasma Mitochondrial DNA Reveals the Coexistence of Both Linear and Circular Molecules. Clin Chem 2019; 65:1161-1170. [PMID: 31263037 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2019.308122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Cellular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is organized as circular, covalently closed and double-stranded DNA. Studies have demonstrated the presence of short mtDNA fragments in plasma. It is not known whether circular mtDNA might concurrently exist with linear mtDNA in plasma.
METHODS
We elucidated the topology of plasma mtDNA using restriction enzyme BfaI cleavage signatures on mtDNA fragment ends to differentiate linear and circular mtDNA. mtDNA fragments with both ends carrying BfaI cleavage signatures were defined as circular-derived mtDNA, whereas those with no cleavage signature or with 1 cleavage signature were defined as linear-derived mtDNA. An independent assay using exonuclease V to remove linear DNA followed by restriction enzyme MspI digestion was used for confirming the conclusions based on BfaI cleavage analysis. We analyzed the presence of BfaI cleavage signatures on plasma DNA ends in nonhematopoietically and hematopoietically derived DNA molecules by sequencing plasma DNA of patients with liver transplantation and bone marrow transplantation.
RESULTS
Both linear and circular mtDNA coexisted in plasma. In patients with liver transplantation, donor-derived (i.e., liver) mtDNA molecules were mainly linear (median fraction, 91%; range, 75%–97%), whereas recipient-derived (i.e., hematopoietic) mtDNA molecules were mainly circular (median fraction, 88%; range, 77%–93%). The proportion of linear mtDNA was well correlated with liver DNA contribution in the plasma DNA pool (r = 0.83; P value = 0.0008). Consistent data were obtained from a bone marrow transplantation recipient in whom the donor-derived (i.e., hematopoietic) mtDNA molecules were predominantly circular.
CONCLUSIONS
Linear and circular mtDNA molecules coexist in plasma and may have different tissue origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Jane L Ma
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sarah T K Sin
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Kei Jacky Lam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Shan Lee
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wanxia Gai
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - O Y Olivia Tse
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenlei Peng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Radha Raghupathy
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond S M Wong
- Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daljit Sahota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Y Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Jacky Lam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; .,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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43
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Jiang P, Chan KCA, Lo YMD. Liver-derived cell-free nucleic acids in plasma: Biology and applications in liquid biopsies. J Hepatol 2019; 71:409-421. [PMID: 31004682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
There is much global research interest surrounding the use of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for liquid biopsies. cfDNA-based non-invasive prenatal testing for foetal chromosomal aneuploidies was the first successful application of cfDNA technology that transformed clinical practice - it has since been rapidly adopted in dozens of countries and is used by millions of pregnant women every year. Prompted by such developments, efforts to use cfDNA in other fields, especially for cancer detection and monitoring have been actively pursued in recent years. Cancer-associated aberrations including single nucleotide mutations, copy number aberrations, aberrations in methylation and alterations in DNA fragmentation patterns have been detected in the cfDNA of patients suffering from a wide variety of cancers. In addition, the analysis of methylation and fragmentomic patterns has enabled the tissue origin of cfDNA to be determined. In this review, different approaches for detecting circulating liver-derived nucleic acids and cancer-associated aberrations, as well as their potential clinical applications for the detection, monitoring and management of hepatocellular carcinoma, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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44
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Sun K, Jiang P, Cheng SH, Cheng THT, Wong J, Wong VWS, Ng SSM, Ma BBY, Leung TY, Chan SL, Mok TSK, Lai PBS, Chan HLY, Sun H, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Orientation-aware plasma cell-free DNA fragmentation analysis in open chromatin regions informs tissue of origin. Genome Res 2019; 29:418-427. [PMID: 30808726 PMCID: PMC6396422 DOI: 10.1101/gr.242719.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in human plasma is a class of biomarkers with many current and potential future diagnostic applications. Recent studies have shown that cfDNA molecules are not randomly fragmented and possess information related to their tissues of origin. Pathologies causing death of cells from particular tissues result in perturbations in the relative distribution of DNA from the affected tissues. Such tissue-of-origin analysis is particularly useful in the development of liquid biopsies for cancer. It is therefore of value to accurately determine the relative contributions of the tissues to the plasma DNA pool in a simultaneous manner. In this work, we report that in open chromatin regions, cfDNA molecules show characteristic fragmentation patterns reflected by sequencing coverage imbalance and differentially phased fragment end signals. The latter refers to differences in the read densities of sequences corresponding to the orientation of the upstream and downstream ends of cfDNA molecules in relation to the reference genome. Such cfDNA fragmentation patterns preferentially occur in tissue-specific open chromatin regions where the corresponding tissues contributed DNA into the plasma. Quantitative analyses of such signals allow measurement of the relative contributions of various tissues toward the plasma DNA pool. These findings were validated by plasma DNA sequencing data obtained from pregnant women, organ transplantation recipients, and cancer patients. Orientation-aware plasma DNA fragmentation analysis therefore has potential diagnostic applications in noninvasive prenatal testing, organ transplantation monitoring, and cancer liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Sun
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Timothy H T Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Vincent W S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Simon S M Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Tak Y Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Stephen L Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Tony S K Mok
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Henry L Y Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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45
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Cheng THT, Jiang P, Teoh JYC, Heung MMS, Tam JCW, Sun X, Lee WS, Ni M, Chan RCK, Ng CF, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Noninvasive Detection of Bladder Cancer by Shallow-Depth Genome-Wide Bisulfite Sequencing of Urinary Cell-Free DNA for Methylation and Copy Number Profiling. Clin Chem 2019; 65:927-936. [PMID: 30988170 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.301341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer are heavily reliant on cystoscopy, an invasive and costly procedure. Previous efforts in urine-based detection of bladder cancer focused on targeted approaches that are predicated on the tumor expressing specific aberrations. We aimed to noninvasively detect bladder cancer by the genome-wide assessment of methylomic and copy number aberrations (CNAs). We also investigated the size of tumor cell-free (cf)DNA fragments. METHODS Shallow-depth paired-end genome-wide bisulfite sequencing of urinary cfDNA was done for 46 bladder cancer patients and 39 cancer-free controls with hematuria. We assessed (a) proportional contribution from different tissues by methylation deconvolution, (b) global hypomethylation, (c) CNA, and (d) cfDNA size profile. RESULTS Methylomic and copy number approaches were synergistically combined to detect bladder cancer with a sensitivity of 93.5% (84.2% for low-grade nonmuscle-invasive disease) and a specificity of 95.8%. The prevalence of methylomic and CNAs reflected disease stage and tumor size. Sampling over multiple time points could assess residual disease and changes in tumor load. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer was associated with a higher proportion of long cfDNA, as well as longer cfDNA fragments originating from genomic regions enriched for tumor DNA. CONCLUSIONS Bladder cancer can be detected noninvasively in urinary cfDNA by methylomic and copy number analysis without previous knowledge or assumptions of specific aberrations. Such analysis could be used as a liquid biopsy to aid diagnosis and for potential longitudinal monitoring of tumor load. Further understanding of the differential size and fragmentation of cfDNA could improve the detection of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H T Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemical Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemical Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jeremy Y C Teoh
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Macy M S Heung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemical Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jacqueline C W Tam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemical Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao Sun
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemical Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Shan Lee
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemical Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Meng Ni
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemical Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald C K Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemical Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemical Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; .,Department of Chemical Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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46
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Vong JSL, Jiang P, Cheng SH, Lee WS, Tsang JCH, Leung TY, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Enrichment of fetal and maternal long cell-free DNA fragments from maternal plasma following DNA repair. Prenat Diagn 2019; 39:88-99. [PMID: 30575063 PMCID: PMC6619283 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) fragments in maternal plasma contain DNA damage and may negatively impact the sensitivity of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). However, some of these DNA damages are potentially reparable. We aimed to recover these damaged cfDNA molecules using PreCR DNA repair mix. Methods cfDNA was extracted from 20 maternal plasma samples and was repaired and sequenced by the Illumina platform. Size profiles and fetal DNA fraction changes of repaired samples were characterized. Targeted sequencing of chromosome Y sequences was used to enrich fetal cfDNA molecules following repair. Single‐molecule real‐time (SMRT) sequencing platform was employed to characterize long (>250 bp) cfDNA molecules. NIPT of five trisomy 21 samples was performed. Results Size profiles of repaired libraries were altered, with significantly increased long (>250 bp) cfDNA molecules. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based analyses showed that both fetal‐ and maternal‐derived cfDNA molecules were enriched by the repair. Fetal DNA fractions in maternal plasma showed a small but consistent (4.8%) increase, which were contributed by a higher increment of long fetal cfDNA molecules. z‐score values were improved in NIPT of all trisomy 21 samples. Conclusion Plasma DNA repair recovers and enriches long cfDNA molecules of both fetal and maternal origins in maternal plasma. What is already known about this topic?
Most of the cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) fragments in maternal plasma have sizes less than 200 bp, with fetal molecules being shorter than maternal ones. DNA damages exist in cfDNA, particularly single‐strand nicks. Occasional no call for noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) can be caused by insufficient fetal DNA fraction.
What does this study add?
Repair of cfDNA by PreCR repair mix can recover a subset of long (>250 bp) cfDNA molecules. Both fetal and maternal long cfDNA are enriched by PreCR repair treatment. Mild but consistent increments in fetal DNA fractions after PreCR repair, which are contributed by higher enrichment of long fetal cfDNA molecules. PreCR repair treatment improves NIPT of trisomy 21 by elevating z scores resulting in better discrimination of aneuploid from euploid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim S L Vong
- Centre for Research Into Circulating Fetal Nucleic Acids, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Centre for Research Into Circulating Fetal Nucleic Acids, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk-Hang Cheng
- Centre for Research Into Circulating Fetal Nucleic Acids, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Shan Lee
- Centre for Research Into Circulating Fetal Nucleic Acids, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason C H Tsang
- Centre for Research Into Circulating Fetal Nucleic Acids, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak-Yeung Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Centre for Research Into Circulating Fetal Nucleic Acids, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Centre for Research Into Circulating Fetal Nucleic Acids, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Centre for Research Into Circulating Fetal Nucleic Acids, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chan ATC, Hui EP, Ngan RKC, Tung SY, Cheng ACK, Ng WT, Lee VHF, Ma BBY, Cheng HC, Wong FCS, Loong HHF, Tong M, Poon DMC, Ahuja AT, King AD, Wang K, Mo F, Zee BCY, Chan KCA, Lo YMD. Analysis of Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Nasopharyngeal Cancer After Chemoradiation to Identify High-Risk Patients for Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:JCO2018777847. [PMID: 29989858 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.77.7847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The contribution of adjuvant chemotherapy after chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) remains controversial. Plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA is a potential biomarker of subclinical residual disease in NPC. In this prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, we used plasma EBV DNA to identify patients with NPC at a higher risk of relapse for adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Eligible patients with histologically confirmed NPC of Union for International Cancer Control stage IIB to IVB, adequate organ function, and no locoregional disease or distant metastasis were screened by plasma EBV DNA at 6 to 8 weeks after radiotherapy (RT). Patients with undetectable plasma EBV DNA underwent standard surveillance. Patients with detectable plasma EBV DNA were randomly assigned to either adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine for six cycles (arm 1) or observation (arm 2). Patients were stratified for primary treatment (RT v CRT) and stage (II/III v IV). The primary end point was relapse-free survival (RFS). Results Seven hundred eighty-nine patients underwent EBV DNA screening. Plasma EBV DNA was undetectable in 573 (72.6%) and detectable in 216 (27.4%); 104 (13.2%) with detectable EBV DNA were randomly assigned to arms 1 (n = 52) and 2 (n = 52). After a median follow-up of 6.6 years, no significant difference was found in 5-year RFS rate between arms 1 and 2 (49.3% v 54.7%; P = .75; hazard ratio for relapse or death, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.89). The level of post-RT plasma EBV DNA correlated significantly with the hazards of locoregional failure, distant metastasis, and death. Conclusion In patients with NPC with detectable post-RT plasma EBV DNA, adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine did not improve RFS. Post-RT plasma EBV DNA level should be incorporated as the selection factor in future clinical trials of adjuvant therapy in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T C Chan
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Edwin P Hui
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Roger K C Ngan
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Stewart Y Tung
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ashley C K Cheng
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai T Ng
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Victor H F Lee
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hoi C Cheng
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Frank C S Wong
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Herbert H F Loong
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Macy Tong
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Darren M C Poon
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Anil T Ahuja
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ann D King
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ki Wang
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Frankie Mo
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Benny C Y Zee
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Macy Tong, and Darren M.C. Poon, Prince of Wales Hospital; Roger K.C. Ngan and Hoi C. Cheng, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Stewart Y. Tung and Frank C.S. Wong, Tuen Mun Hospital; Ashley C.K. Cheng, Princess Margaret Hospital; Wai T. Ng, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Victor H.F. Lee, Queen Mary Hospital; and Anthony T.C. Chan, Edwin P. Hui, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Herbert H.F. Loong, Anil T. Ahuja, Ann D. King, Ki Wang, Frankie Mo, Benny C.Y. Zee, K.C. Allen Chan, and Y.M. Dennis Lo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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48
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Gai W, Ji L, Lam WKJ, Sun K, Jiang P, Chan AWH, Wong J, Lai PBS, Ng SSM, Ma BBY, Wong GLH, Wong VWS, Chan HLY, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD, Chan KCA. Liver- and Colon-Specific DNA Methylation Markers in Plasma for Investigation of Colorectal Cancers with or without Liver Metastases. Clin Chem 2018; 64:1239-1249. [PMID: 29903871 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.290304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of DNA derived from different tissues in the circulating DNA pool can provide important information regarding the presence of many pathological conditions. However, existing methods involving genome-wide bisulfite sequencing are relatively expensive and may present challenges for large-scale analysis. METHODS Through identifying differentially methylated regions in the liver and colon compared with other tissues, we identified 2 markers and developed corresponding droplet digital PCR assays. Plasma concentrations of liver-derived and colon-derived DNA were measured for 13 liver transplant recipients, 40 liver cancer patients, and 62 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (27 with and 35 without liver metastases). RESULTS In liver transplant recipients, the fractional concentration of liver-derived DNA measured using the liver-specific methylation marker and donor-specific alleles showed good correlation (Pearson R = 0.99). In liver cancer patients, the concentration of liver-derived DNA correlated positively with the maximal dimension of the tumor (Spearman R = 0.74). In CRC patients with and without liver metastasis, the plasma concentrations of colon-derived DNA (median, 138 copies/mL and 4 copies/mL, respectively) were increased compared with the 30 healthy controls (26 had undetectable concentrations). The absolute concentration of liver-derived DNA provided a better differentiation between CRC patients with and without liver metastasis compared with the fractional concentration (area under ROC curve, 0.85 vs 0.75). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative analysis of plasma DNA with tissue-specific methylation patterns using droplet digital PCR is applicable for the investigation of cancers and assessing organ transplantation. This approach is useful for differentiating patients with and without metastases to other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxia Gai
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lu Ji
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W K Jacky Lam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon S M Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Grace L H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent W S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Henry L Y Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; .,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ma BBY, Lim WT, Goh BC, Hui EP, Lo KW, Pettinger A, Foster NR, Riess JW, Agulnik M, Chang AYC, Chopra A, Kish JA, Chung CH, Adkins DR, Cullen KJ, Gitlitz BJ, Lim DW, To KF, Chan KCA, Lo YMD, King AD, Erlichman C, Yin J, Costello BA, Chan ATC. Antitumor Activity of Nivolumab in Recurrent and Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An International, Multicenter Study of the Mayo Clinic Phase 2 Consortium (NCI-9742). J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:1412-1418. [PMID: 29584545 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.77.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This multinational study evaluated the antitumor activity of nivolumab in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Tumor and plasma-based biomarkers were investigated in an exploratory analysis. Patients and Methods Patients with multiply pretreated recurrent or metastatic NPC were treated with nivolumab until disease progression. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) and secondary end points included survival and toxicity. The expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and human leukocyte antigens A and B in archived tumors and plasma clearance of Epstein-Barr virus DNA were correlated with ORR and survival. Results A total of 44 patients were evaluated and the overall ORR was 20.5% (complete response, n = 1; partial response, n = 8). Nine patients received nivolumab for > 12 months (20%). The 1-year overall survival rate was 59% (95% CI, 44.3% to 78.5%) and 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 19.3% (95% CI, 10.1% to 37.2%). There was no statistical correlation between ORR and the biomarkers; however, a descriptive analysis showed that the proportion of patients who responded was higher among those with PD-L1 positive tumors (> 1% expression) than those with PD-L1-negative tumors. The loss of expression of one or both human leukocyte antigen class 1 proteins was associated with better PFS than when both proteins were expressed (1-year PFS, 30.9% v 5.6%; log-rank P = .01). There was no association between survival and PD-L1 expression or plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA clearance. There was no unexpected toxicity to nivolumab. Conclusion Nivolumab has promising activity in NPC and the 1-year overall survival rate compares favorably with historic data in similar populations. Additional evaluation in a randomized setting is warranted. The biomarker results were hypothesis generating and validation in larger cohorts is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette B Y Ma
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wan-Teck Lim
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Boon-Cher Goh
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Edwin P Hui
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kwok-Wai Lo
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adam Pettinger
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nathan R Foster
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jonathan W Riess
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mark Agulnik
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alex Y C Chang
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Akhil Chopra
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Julie A Kish
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christine H Chung
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Douglas R Adkins
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kevin J Cullen
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Barbara J Gitlitz
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dean W Lim
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ann D King
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Charles Erlichman
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jun Yin
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brian A Costello
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- Brigette B.Y. Ma, Edwin P. Hui, Kwok-Wai Lo, Ka-Fai To, K.C. Allen Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Ann D. King, and Anthony T.C. Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Wan-Teck Lim, National Cancer Centre; Boon-Cher Goh, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore; Alex Y.C. Chang, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Akhil Chopra, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore; Adam Pettinger, Nathan R. Foster, Charles Erlichman, Jun Yin, and Brian A. Costello, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jonathan W. Riess, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento; Barbara J. Gitlitz, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Dean W. Lim, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Mark Agulnik, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Julie A. Kish and Christine H. Chung, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Douglas R. Adkins, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Kevin J. Cullen, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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50
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam W I Chu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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