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Adil SO, Musa KI, Uddin F, Shafique K, Khan A, Islam MA. Role of anthropometric indices as a screening tool for predicting metabolic syndrome among apparently healthy individuals of Karachi, Pakistan. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1223424. [PMID: 37876536 PMCID: PMC10593443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1223424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anthropometric indices are affordable and non-invasive methods for screening metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, determining the most effective index for screening can be challenging. Objective To investigate the accuracy of anthropometric indices as a screening tool for predicting MetS among apparently healthy individuals in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, from February 2022 to August 2022. A total of 1,065 apparently healthy individuals aged 25 years and above were included. MetS was diagnosed using International Diabetes Federation guidelines. Anthropometric indices were defined based on body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR), conicity index, reciprocal ponderal index (RPI), body shape index (BSI), and visceral adiposity index (VAI). The analysis involved the utilization of Pearson's correlation test and independent t-test to examine inferential statistics. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was also applied to evaluate the predictive capacities of various anthropometric indices regarding metabolic risk factors. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) was computed, and the chosen anthropometric indices' optimal cutoff values were determined. Results All anthropometric indices, except for RPI in males and BSI in females, were significantly higher in MetS than those without MetS. VAI [AUC 0.820 (95% CI 0.78-0.86)], WC [AUC 0.751 (95% CI 0.72-0.79)], WHtR [AUC 0.732 (95% CI 0.69-0.77)], and BMI [AUC 0.708 (95% CI 0.66-0.75)] had significantly higher AUC for predicting MetS in males, whereas VAI [AUC 0.693 (95% CI 0.64-0.75)], WHtR [AUC 0.649 (95% CI 0.59-0.70)], WC [AUC 0.646 (95% CI 0.59-0.61)], BMI [AUC 0.641 (95% CI 0.59-0.69)], and MUAC [AUC 0.626 (95% CI 0.57-0.68)] had significantly higher AUC for predicting MetS in females. The AUC of NC for males was 0.656 (95% CI 0.61-0.70), while that for females was 0.580 (95% CI 0.52-0.64). The optimal cutoff points for all anthropometric indices exhibited a high degree of sensitivity and specificity in predicting the onset of MetS. Conclusion BMI, WC, WHtR, and VAI were the most important anthropometric predictors for MetS in apparently healthy individuals of Pakistan, while BSI was found to be the weakest indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Omair Adil
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kamarul Imran Musa
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Fareed Uddin
- National Institute of Diabetes & Endocrinology, DUHS, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Shafique
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asima Khan
- Public Health Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Factors Influencing Gallstone Formation: A Review of the Literature. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040550. [PMID: 35454138 PMCID: PMC9026518 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallstone disease is a common pathology of the digestive system with nearly a 10–20% incidence rate among adults. The mainstay of treatment is cholecystectomy, which is commonly associated with physical pain and may also seriously affect a patient’s quality of life. Clinical research suggests that cholelithiasis is closely related to the age, gender, body mass index, and other basic physical characteristics of patients. Clinical research further suggests that the occurrence of cholelithiasis is related to obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and other diseases. For this reason, we reviewed the following: genetic factors; excessive liver cholesterol secretion (causing cholesterol supersaturation in gallbladder bile); accelerated growth of cholesterol crystals and solid cholesterol crystals; gallbladder motility impairment; and cardiovascular factors. Herein, we summarize and analyze the causes and mechanisms of cholelithiasis, discuss its correlation with the pathogenesis of related diseases, and discuss possible mechanisms.
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Chen Q, Li H, Liu Q, Wang W, Deng F, Sun Z, Guo X, Wu S. Does psychosocial stress modify the association of fine particulate matter and ozone with cardiovascular health indicators? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116726. [PMID: 33639598 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) air pollution can cause abnormal changes in blood pressure (BP), blood glucose and lipids, which are important indicators for cardiovascular health. Psychosocial stress could be a potential effect modifier for adverse health effects of air pollution, but research evidence is scarce. A cross-sectional study with 373 elderly subjects was conducted in Beijing during 2018-2019. We collected psychosocial stress information on anxiety, perceived stress and depression, obtained daily environmental data, measured resting BP, blood glucose and lipids in study participants, and analyzed the associations of PM2.5 or O3 with cardiovascular health indicators and the modification effect by psychosocial stress. Results showed that PM2.5 was significantly associated with increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP) ; and O3 was significantly associated with elevated DBP, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and total triglyceride (TG). In addition, the associations of PM2.5 with TG, and O3 with SBP and TG were higher in participants with high psychosocial stress, whereas the associations of O3 with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were higher in participants with low psychosocial stress. For an interquartile range (IQR) (56.8 μg/m³) increase in PM2.5 at 4-d moving average, TG increased by 21.43% (95% CI: 2.90, 43.29) in high perceived-stress group, and decreased by 20.05% (95% CI: -30.31, -8.28) in low perceived-stress group (p for interaction = 0.04). For an IQR (63.0 μg/m³) increase in O3 at 2-d moving average, TG increased by 32.01% (95% CI: 7.65, 61.89) in high perceived-stress group, and increased by 7.95% (95% CI: -9.80, 29.20) only in low perceived-stress group (p for interaction = 0.04). For an IQR (64.0 μg/m³) increase in O3 at 3-d moving average, HDL-C decreased by 4.55% (95% CI: -12.15, 3.72) in high perceived-stress group, and increased by 0.57% (95% CI: -6.99, 8.75) in low perceived-stress group (p for interaction=0.002). In conclusion, our results indicated that short-term exposures to PM2.5 and O3 were associated with significant changes in BP, blood glucose and lipids, and psychosocial stress may increase the susceptibility of the participants to the adverse cardiovascular effects of PM2.5 and O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qisijing Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Bartosiewicz A, Łuszczki E, Nagórska M, Oleksy Ł, Stolarczyk A, Dereń K. Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Polish Nurses. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050267. [PMID: 33922860 PMCID: PMC8145067 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome, also known as syndrome X or the insulin resistance, is defined by the World Health Organization as a pathologic condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Both all over the world and in Poland, there is a shortage of nurses; most of those employed are in the pre-retirement age. However, the requirements in this profession and the patient’s right to care at the highest level remain unchanged and do not take into account the poor condition or age of working nurses, so special attention should be paid to the state of health in this professional group. There is an emphasis on the importance of the adopted attitude toward health and the resulting behaviors, such as regular weight control, following dietary recommendations, regular physical activity and participation in preventive examinations. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome, its individual components and determining the factors influencing its development in Polish nurses. The research conducted among the nurses in question included DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) measurements, assessment of glucose concentration, lipid profile, blood pressure and a questionnaire survey. Almost half of the surveyed nurses have metabolic syndrome, which significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. After multivariate analysis, it was found that being overweight and obesity were significant factors influenced the MS (metabolic syndrome) occurrence among Polish nurses. Being overweight increases the chances of MS occurrence 8.58 times in relation to BMI (Body Mass Index) <25, obesity increases the chances of MS occurrence 8.085 times in relation to BMI <25, and obesity class II/III increases the chances of MS occurrence 16.505 times in relation to BMI <25. Preventive and supportive measures for this professional group are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bartosiewicz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (E.Ł.); (K.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-17-851-6811
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (E.Ł.); (K.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Nagórska
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Oleksy
- Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Artur Stolarczyk
- Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (E.Ł.); (K.D.)
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Downing R, Michael T, Place R, Hoffman E, Visich P. The Influence of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors on Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Children. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X20987453. [PMID: 33490309 PMCID: PMC7804354 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x20987453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is a major health concern today, which pre-disposes individuals to metabolic syndrome (MS), and the risk of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Use of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is recognized as non-invasive way to assess vascular health. The objective of this study was to determine which MBS risk factors has an influence on increasing one's risk of an increased CIMT in children. In southern Maine 189 children (age: 10.52 ± .52 years) had their MBS risk factors and CIMT assessed. Based on CIMT, children were divided into quartiles and compared to MBS risk factors. Children in the highest quartile for CIMT had the highest waist circumference (P < .05) compared to all other groups, using a one-way analysis of variance. No other MBS risk factors had an influence on CIMT. It appears early identification of children with an elevated WC may be beneficial in identifying children at risk of premature CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Visich
- University of New England, Biddeford,
ME, USA
- Paul Visich, Department of Exercise and
Sport Performance, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME
04005, USA.
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The Synergistic Effect of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Polymorphisms and Metabolic Syndrome on Coronary Artery Disease in the Korean Population. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040257. [PMID: 33260749 PMCID: PMC7711432 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common type of cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease (CAD), in which a plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries that can lead to a complete blockage of blood flow to the heart, resulting in a heart attack. The CAD may be affected by various factors including age, gender, and lipoprotein disposition as well as genetic factors and metabolic syndrome. In this study, we investigated whether three PAI-1 polymorphisms (−844 G > A, −675 4G > 5G, and +43 G > A) and CAD-related clinical parameters are associated with CAD susceptibility. Genotyping of 463 CAD patients and 401 controls was performed using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. We report that the 4G5G genotype (crude odds ratio(COR), 1.392; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.036–1.871; p = 0.028) and dominant model (4G4G vs. 4G5G + 5G5G; COR, 1.401; 95% CI, 1.060–1.850; p = 0.018; adjust odds ratio, 1.371; 95% CI, 1.027–1.831; p = 0.032) of PAI-1 −675 polymorphisms were associated with increased CAD risk. Haplotype and genotype combinations of PAI-1 −675 and +43 polymorphisms show an increased risk of CAD according to alterations of the −675 polymorphism allele or genotype. Moreover, the PAI-1 -675 polymorphisms show a synergistic effect with the metabolic syndrome component of CAD risk. This study suggests that polymorphisms in the PAI-1 genes along with the metabolic syndrome component of CAD can be useful biomarkers for CAD diagnosis and treatment.
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The Relationship of Functional Status of Cortisol, Testosterone, and Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome in Male Schizophrenics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9124520. [PMID: 33150186 PMCID: PMC7603557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9124520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The cross-sectional study is aimed at investigating the relationship between cortisol, testosterone, and metabolic characteristics among male schizophrenics. Methods 174 patients were grouped based on their risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) into the non-MetS, high-risk-MetS (HR-MetS), or MetS groups. Metabolic indices (body mass index (BMI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cholesterol, triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose (FBG)) were associated with cortisol and testosterone levels using correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to associate the correlations between the WHO Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQOL–BREF) score and the five metabolic indices. Results The WHOQOL–BREF score for the non-MetS group significantly differed from the scores of the HR-MetS and MetS groups. The triglyceride level was positively correlated with the cortisol level, while all five metabolic indices were negatively correlated with testosterone level. Stepwise regression analysis produced a model predicting WHOQOL–BREF scores with four variables including MAP, intelligence quotient (IQ), FBG, and age. The correlation analysis then showed that there was a weak linear correlation between the testosterone level and all five metabolic indices. Conclusions Among the five metabolic indices, the risks of hypertension and hyperglycemia are correlated with the quality of life in male schizophrenics rather than those of obesity or hyperlipidemia.
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Munhoz AC, Vilas-Boas EA, Panveloski-Costa AC, Leite JSM, Lucena CF, Riva P, Emilio H, Carpinelli AR. Intermittent Fasting for Twelve Weeks Leads to Increases in Fat Mass and Hyperinsulinemia in Young Female Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041029. [PMID: 32283715 PMCID: PMC7230500 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting is known to cause physiological changes in the endocrine pancreas, including decreased insulin secretion and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, there is no consensus about the long-term effects of intermittent fasting (IF), which can involve up to 24 hours of fasting interspersed with normal feeding days. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of alternate-day IF for 12 weeks in a developing and healthy organism. Female 30-day-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control, with free access to standard rodent chow; and IF, subjected to 24-hour fasts intercalated with 24-hours of free access to the same chow. Alternate-day IF decreased weight gain and food intake. Surprisingly, IF also elevated plasma insulin concentrations, both at baseline and after glucose administration collected during oGTT. After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, pancreatic islets displayed increased ROS production and apoptosis. Despite their lower body weight, IF animals had increased fat reserves and decreased muscle mass. Taken together, these findings suggest that alternate-day IF promote β -cell dysfunction, especially in developing animals. More long-term research is necessary to define the best IF protocol to reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Munhoz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Professor Lineu Prestes avenue, Butanta, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (E.A.V.-B.); (A.C.P.-C.); (J.S.M.L.); (C.F.L.); (P.R.); (A.R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-98-755-9099
| | - Eloisa Aparecida Vilas-Boas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Professor Lineu Prestes avenue, Butanta, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (E.A.V.-B.); (A.C.P.-C.); (J.S.M.L.); (C.F.L.); (P.R.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Ana Carolina Panveloski-Costa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Professor Lineu Prestes avenue, Butanta, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (E.A.V.-B.); (A.C.P.-C.); (J.S.M.L.); (C.F.L.); (P.R.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Jaqueline Santos Moreira Leite
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Professor Lineu Prestes avenue, Butanta, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (E.A.V.-B.); (A.C.P.-C.); (J.S.M.L.); (C.F.L.); (P.R.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Camila Ferraz Lucena
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Professor Lineu Prestes avenue, Butanta, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (E.A.V.-B.); (A.C.P.-C.); (J.S.M.L.); (C.F.L.); (P.R.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Patrícia Riva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Professor Lineu Prestes avenue, Butanta, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (E.A.V.-B.); (A.C.P.-C.); (J.S.M.L.); (C.F.L.); (P.R.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Henriette Emilio
- Department of General Biology, Ponta Grossa State University, 4748 General Carlos Cavalcanti avenue, Uvaranas, Parana, PR 84030-900, Brazil;
| | - Angelo R. Carpinelli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Professor Lineu Prestes avenue, Butanta, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (E.A.V.-B.); (A.C.P.-C.); (J.S.M.L.); (C.F.L.); (P.R.); (A.R.C.)
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Relationship between Random Blood Glucose, Fasting Blood Glucose, and Gensini Score in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9707513. [PMID: 31737681 PMCID: PMC6815616 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9707513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To examine the relationship between admission random blood glucose (RBG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and Gensini score in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to clarify the effects of RBG and FBG on the severity of coronary artery disease. Method A total of 958 consecutive AMI patients who underwent emergency coronary angiography at the Cardiology Department of Zhongda Hospital (affiliated with Southeast University) were enrolled in this study from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. The Gensini score of each patient was calculated according to the results of coronary angiography. The RBG, FBG, baseline data, hematological indexes, echocardiography parameters, coronary angiography data, and the use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) were recorded. Patients with an RBG level >11.1 mmol/L were classified into the stress hyperglycemia group, and those with an FBG level >7.0 mmol/L were classified into the elevated FBG group. The Gensini scores in the stress hyperglycemia and elevated FBG groups were compared to those in the control group, and correlations between the RBG and FBG levels and the Gensini scores of AMI patients were evaluated. Independent risk factors for the Gensini score were analyzed by multiple linear and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results The Gensini scores of the stress hyperglycemia group and the elevated FBG group were higher than those of the control group. RBG and FBG were positively correlated with the Gensini score, and there were significant differences between RBG and FBG in different Gensini score groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple linear regression analysis showed that sex, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and FBG were independent risk factors for the Gensini score. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age and FBG were independent risk factors in group 2 compared to group 1, eGFR and FBG were independent risk factors in group 3, and eGFR and FBG were independent risk factors in group 4. Diabetes and RBG were not independent risk factors for the Gensini score. Conclusion The Gensini scores of patients in the stress hyperglycemia group and the elevated FBG group were significantly higher than those in the control group. RBG and FBG were positively correlated with the Gensini score in AMI patients, and FBG was an independent risk factor for the Gensini score in AMI patients.
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Faulkner JL, Belin de Chantemèle EJ. Sex hormones, aging and cardiometabolic syndrome. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:30. [PMID: 31262349 PMCID: PMC6604485 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that the metabolic syndrome predisposes patients to increased cardiovascular risk. Emerging data indicates that cardiovascular risk conferred by metabolic syndrome is highly dependent on sex and sex hormone status throughout the lifetime. Both male and female sex hormones, as well as sex chromosomes themselves, contribute to the development of obesity and intervene in the control of insulin homeostasis and blood pressure. Furthermore, men and women develop age-associated cardiometabolic risk in a sex-specific fashion in association with changes in these sex hormonal levels. Therefore, the current notion of the metabolic syndrome as a sex-independent diagnosis is antiquated, and novel studies and clinical trials utilizing these known sex differences in the development of metabolic dysregulation and cardiometabolic risk are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Faulkner
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Eric J. Belin de Chantemèle
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
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Zhao SF, Wang AM, Yu XJ, Wang LL, Xu XN, Shi GJ. Association between gallstone and cardio-cerebrovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3092-3100. [PMID: 30936980 PMCID: PMC6434232 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence connects gallstone disease (GD) to cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether and to what extent an association between GD and CVD existed. PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were systemically searched up to March 3rd, 2018. A total of 10 studies (1,272,177 participants; 13,833 records; 5 prospective cohorts and 5 retrospective cohorts) were included. It was demonstrated that GD was associated with an increased risk of incidence [hazard ratio=1.24, 95% (CI) confidence interval: 1.17–1.31] and prevalence (unadjusted odds ratio=1.23, 95% CI: 1.21–1.25) of CVD. In conclusion, the presence of GD was associated with an increased risk of CVD incidence and prevalence. The association may be influenced by age and sex. These findings suggest that individuals identified with cardio-cerebrovascular disease should be evaluated for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Feng Zhao
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Min Wang
- Medical Examination Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Juan Yu
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Na Xu
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Jun Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased cardiac morbidity after infrainguinal bypass surgery irrespective of the use of cardiovascular risk-modifying agents. J Vasc Surg 2019; 69:190-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.05.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mitrokhin V, Nikitin A, Brovkina O, Khodyrev D, Zotov A, Vachrushev N, Dragunov D, Shim A, Mladenov M, Kamkin A. Association between interleukin-6/6R gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease in Russian population: influence of interleukin-6/6R gene polymorphisms on inflammatory markers. J Inflamm Res 2017; 10:151-160. [PMID: 29042807 PMCID: PMC5633317 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s141682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the genotype effects of interleukin (IL)-6/IL-6R single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on circulating levels of different cytokines in healthy and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with different allele frequencies. In the control patients, rs1800795 showed significant differences in IL-18 concentrations between CC and CG and CC and GG genotypes (P=0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Furthermore, circulatory IL-1β was significantly different between GC and GG genotypes from the same SNP (P=0.038). In the diseased patients, significance was determined only for IL-2 (P=0.021) between the C and G homozygote allele carriers of rs1800795. The diseased GC and GG genotype carriers were statistically different for IL-2 (P=0.049) from the rs1800796 and for IL-4 (P=0.049) from the rs2228044. IL-4 was also statistically significant between the GC and CC genotypes from the rs2228043 of the IL-6R gene (P=0.025). The last combination of genotypes in the same gene for the same SNP was statistically significant for IL-10 (P=0.036). According to the logistic regression, only gender (odds ratio [OR] =2.43) and triglycerides (OR =1.98) could be taken as determinants of CAD, while examined SNPs genotypes were not identified as risk factors for CAD. In general, the IL-6 polymorphism genotypes were mainly associated with inflammatory cytokines, while the IL-6R polymorphism genotypes were associated with anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University
| | - Alexey Nikitin
- Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies for the Federal Medical and Biological Agency
| | - Olga Brovkina
- Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies for the Federal Medical and Biological Agency
| | - Dmitry Khodyrev
- Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies for the Federal Medical and Biological Agency
| | - Alexander Zotov
- Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies for the Federal Medical and Biological Agency
| | - Nikita Vachrushev
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University
| | - Dmitry Dragunov
- Scientific Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and Medical Management, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Shim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University.,Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Andre Kamkin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University
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Montazerifar F, Bolouri A, Mahmoudi Mozaffar M, Karajibani M. The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Cardiol Res 2016; 7:202-208. [PMID: 28197293 PMCID: PMC5295511 DOI: 10.14740/cr507w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a worldwide health problem, which is growing in Iranian adults. MetS is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of MetS and its individual components in CAD patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 CAD patients who had undergone elective coronary angiography at the cardiology department. Anthropometric indices including waist circumference (WC) and body mass index were measured. Blood samples were obtained to determine glucose and lipid profile. MetS components were defined according to the modified Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS among patients was 49.5% (women: 55.9%; men: 40.2%; P < 0.05). The prevalence increased with age. The low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (low HDL-C) (84.8%), high fasting blood glucose (high FBG) (77.8%) and high WC (75.8%) were the most prevalent risk factors in CAD patients with MetS. CONCLUSIONS Recent data indicate that the dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and abdominal obesity are crucial predictors of MetS in CAD patients. Further prospective studies are recommended for more clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Montazerifar
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bolouri
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Mansour Karajibani
- Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Hongmei Y, Yongping J, Jiyuan L. Interleukin-6 polymorphisms and risk of coronary artery diseases in a Chinese population: A case-control study. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:880-5. [PMID: 27648032 PMCID: PMC5017095 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.324.9908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between IL-6-174G>C, -572G>C and -597G>A polymorphisms and development of coronary artery diseases in a Chinese population. Methods: A total of 275 patients with coronary artery disease and 296 healthy control subjects were collected between January 2013 and November 2014. The IL-6 genotyping for -174G>C, -592G>C and -597G>A polymorphic sites was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) according to the manufacturer instructions. Results: Using unconditional regression analysis, we observed that the AC and CC genotypes of IL-6 -592A>C were associated with the increased risk of developing coronary artery disease when compared with the AA genotype, and the adjusted ORs (95%CI) were 1.63(1.12-2.38) and 2.70(1.57-4.67), respectively. Additionally, the C allele of IL-6 -592A>C (OR=1.65, 95%CI=1.29-2.11) was correlated with a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease in comparison to the A allele. However, no relationship was found between IL-6-174G>C and -597G>A polymorphisms and coronary artery disease susceptibility. Conclusion: This study suggests that IL-6 -592G>C polymorphism is correlated with the risk of coronary artery disease. More well-designed prospective studies based on large sample size, multiple SNPs or haplotypes are required to confirm the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hongmei
- Yao Hongmei, Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Xinjiannan Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Yongping
- Jia Yongping, Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Xinjiannan Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Lv Jiyuan
- Lv Jiyuan, Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Xinjiannan Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
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