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Graby J, Khavandi A, Gillison F, Smith T, Murphy D, Peacock O, McLeod H, Dastidar A, Antoniades C, Thompson D, Rodrigues JCL. 'Super Rehab': can we achieve coronary artery disease regression? A feasibility study protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e080735. [PMID: 38086597 PMCID: PMC10729239 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) are currently treated with medications and lifestyle advice to reduce the likelihood of disease progression and risk of future major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Where obstructive disease is diagnosed, revascularisation may be considered to treat refractory symptoms. However, many patients with coexistent cardiovascular risk factors, particularly those with metabolic syndrome (MetS), remain at heightened risk of future MACE despite current management.Cardiac rehabilitation is offered to patients post-revascularisation, however, there is no definitive evidence demonstrating its benefit in a primary prevention setting. We propose that an intensive lifestyle intervention (Super Rehab, SR) incorporating high-intensity exercise, diet and behavioural change techniques may improve symptoms, outcomes, and enable CAD regression.This study aims to examine the feasibility of delivering a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) testing SR for patients with CAD, in a primary prevention setting. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a multicentre randomised controlled feasibility study of SR versus usual care in patients with CAD. The study aims to recruit 50 participants aged 18-75 across two centres. Feasibility will be assessed against rates of recruitment, retention and, in the intervention arm, attendance and adherence to SR. Qualitative interviews will explore trial experiences of study participants and practitioners. Variance of change in CAD across both arms of the study (assessed with serial CT coronary angiography) will inform the design and power of a future, multi-centre RCT. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was granted by South West-Frenchay Research Ethics Committee (reference: 21/SW/0153, 18 January 2022). Study findings will be disseminated via presentations to relevant stakeholders, national and international conferences and open-access peer-reviewed research publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN14603929.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Graby
- Cardiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
- Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Ali Khavandi
- Cardiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
| | | | | | - David Murphy
- Cardiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
- Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | | | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging & Interventional Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Pai UM, Prabhu MA, Devasia DT, Rao DS, V R, Samanth J, Prabhu S, Mathias HL, V C. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with atrial arrhythmias in patients with implanted permanent pacemaker for cardiac conduction abnormality. Indian Heart J 2023; 75:462-464. [PMID: 37918562 PMCID: PMC10774609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to find the prevalence of metabolic syndrome along with identifying the atrial arrhythmias, QTC interval, and coronary artery disease among these patients during follow-ups. Among 171 subjects who were implanted with permanent pacemakers, metabolic syndrome was present in 90 (52.6 %). Prevalence of Arrhythmias was 49 (28.7 %), atrial tachycardia (AT)/atrial fibrillation (AF) was seen in 29 (17 %) patients. Our study showed that there is a strong association between metabolic syndrome and atrial arrhythmias. Metabolic syndrome, age, coronary artery disease and Systolic blood pressure were good independent predictors of atrial arrhythmias among patients with pacemaker implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh M Pai
- Department of Cardiovascular Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Mukund A Prabhu
- Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Dr Tom Devasia
- Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Dr Sudhakar Rao
- Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rekha V
- Department of Cardiovascular Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Jyothi Samanth
- Department of Cardiovascular Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sridevi Prabhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Hazel Lolita Mathias
- Department of Cardiovascular Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Chaithra V
- Department of Cardiovascular Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Alexanova A, Raitoharju E, Valtonen J, Aalto-Setälä K, Viiri LE. Coronary artery disease patient-derived iPSC-hepatocytes have distinct miRNA profile that may alter lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1706. [PMID: 36717592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction, partly driven by altered liver function, predisposes to coronary artery disease (CAD), but the role of liver in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque development remains unclear. Here we produced hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from 27 induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines derived from 15 study subjects with stable CAD (n = 5), acute CAD (n = 5) or healthy controls (n = 5). We performed a miRNA microarray screening throughout the differentiation, as well as compared iPSC-HLCs miRNA profiles of the patient groups to identify miRNAs involved in the development of CAD. MicroRNA profile changed during differentiation and started to resemble that of the primary human hepatocytes. In the microarray, 35 and 87 miRNAs were statistically significantly deregulated in the acute and stable CAD patients, respectively, compared to controls. Down-regulation of miR-149-5p, -92a-3p and -221-3p, and up-regulation of miR-122-5p was verified in the stable CAD patients when compared to other groups. The predicted targets of deregulated miRNAs were enriched in pathways connected to insulin signalling, inflammation and lipid metabolism. The iPSC-HLCs derived from stable CAD patients with extensive lesions had a distinct genetic miRNA profile possibly linked to metabolic dysfunction, potentially explaining the susceptibility to developing CAD. The iPSC-HLCs from acute CAD patients with only the acute rupture in otherwise healthy coronaries did not present a distinct miRNA profile, suggesting that hepatic miRNAs do not explain susceptibility to plaque rupture.
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Olatunbosun PP, El Hunjul GN, Patel A, Abbas RH, Mody S, Masalha A, Mehta S, Rizwan S, Pareek A, Jain S, Parambat SBC. Heart failure in patients with metabolic syndrome X. Discoveries (Craiova) 2023; 11:e162. [PMID: 37496710 PMCID: PMC10368463 DOI: 10.15190/d.2023.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome X has been known to be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular dysfunction. Insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and serum lipid abnormalities, which are all seen in metabolic syndrome X, have been found to negatively impact heart function, leading to heart failure in particular. Heart failure is a condition resulting when the heart is unable to perform its function of providing sufficient blood flow to meet the body's requirements. The treatment of heart failure in metabolic syndrome X varies based on the various components of metabolic syndrome X, which include obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Obesity is regarded as one of the derangements seen in patients with metabolic syndrome X. It is a significant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, which may eventually lead to heart failure. However, the obesity paradox suggests that obesity provides a higher chance of survival in patients with metabolic syndrome and heart failure. This review article focuses on the pathophysiology of heart failure in patients who already have metabolic syndrome X, as well as the therapeutic management complexity of the two conditions taking into consideration the protective role provided by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shefali Mody
- Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Ahmad Masalha
- Ross University School of Medicine, Two Mile Hill, St. Michael, Barbados
| | | | | | | | - Suhani Jain
- Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India
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Macvanin M, Gluvic Z, Radovanovic J, Essack M, Gao X, Isenovic ER. New insights on the cardiovascular effects of IGF-1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1142644. [PMID: 36843588 PMCID: PMC9947133 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1142644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular (CV) disorders are steadily increasing, making them the world's most prevalent health issue. New research highlights the importance of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) for maintaining CV health. METHODS We searched PubMed and MEDLINE for English and non-English articles with English abstracts published between 1957 (when the first report on IGF-1 identification was published) and 2022. The top search terms were: IGF-1, cardiovascular disease, IGF-1 receptors, IGF-1 and microRNAs, therapeutic interventions with IGF-1, IGF-1 and diabetes, IGF-1 and cardiovascular disease. The search retrieved original peer-reviewed articles, which were further analyzed, focusing on the role of IGF-1 in pathophysiological conditions. We specifically focused on including the most recent findings published in the past five years. RESULTS IGF-1, an anabolic growth factor, regulates cell division, proliferation, and survival. In addition to its well-known growth-promoting and metabolic effects, there is mounting evidence that IGF-1 plays a specialized role in the complex activities that underpin CV function. IGF-1 promotes cardiac development and improves cardiac output, stroke volume, contractility, and ejection fraction. Furthermore, IGF-1 mediates many growth hormones (GH) actions. IGF-1 stimulates contractility and tissue remodeling in humans to improve heart function after myocardial infarction. IGF-1 also improves the lipid profile, lowers insulin levels, increases insulin sensitivity, and promotes glucose metabolism. These findings point to the intriguing medicinal potential of IGF-1. Human studies associate low serum levels of free or total IGF-1 with an increased risk of CV and cerebrovascular illness. Extensive human trials are being conducted to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and outcomes of IGF-1-related therapy. DISCUSSION We anticipate the development of novel IGF-1-related therapy with minimal side effects. This review discusses recent findings on the role of IGF-1 in the cardiovascular (CVD) system, including both normal and pathological conditions. We also discuss progress in therapeutic interventions aimed at targeting the IGF axis and provide insights into the epigenetic regulation of IGF-1 mediated by microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Mirjana Macvanin,
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Balakrishnan G, Iqbal T, Uppinakudru G, Fernandes R, Bangera S, Dutt RA. The impact of lifestyle stressors, menstrual pattern, and cardiometabolic risk factors on young females with cholelithiasis. J Educ Health Promot 2022; 11:255. [PMID: 36325235 PMCID: PMC9621381 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1767_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle and nutritional transitions in the society driven by globalization have led to the rising burden of cholelithiasis. The present study was done to assess the impact of lifestyle, stress, menstrual pattern, and cardiometabolic risk factors on young females with cholelithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted on young females of 18-45 years. Cases and age-matched controls were compared on their lifestyle parameters like demography, marital status, occupation, educational status, family income, stress along with menstrual pattern, cardiometabolic parameters like anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and lipid profile. Chi-square test and unpaired t-test were used for the analysis of data using SPSS software, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The majority of the cases were from rural areas, married, homemakers leading a comparatively sedentary lifestyle consuming more red meat, less literate, and belonged to a lower economic group with significantly more stress compared to controls. The age of menarche, neither the regularity nor irregularity of the menstrual cycle (regular cycle 21-35 days), showed any difference, but cases had significantly more pregnancies and usage of oral contraceptives compared to controls. Waist-height ratio, systolic BP, FBS, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were significantly higher in cases. Cases had a 14.4 times more risk of developing metabolic syndrome when compared with controls. CONCLUSION Married, rural, less literate Indian women leading a sedentary lifestyle, consuming more of red meat, and soft drinks with increased psychosomatic stress are more prone to develop cholelithiasis. Women who use hormonal contraceptives have increased occurrence of cholelithiasis and they were more prone to develop metabolic syndrome. The need for the hour is health education, to implement simple lifestyle changes, thereby decreasing the incidence of cholelithiasis in young females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grrishma Balakrishnan
- Department of Physiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tubah Iqbal
- SNCU officer, Department of Pediatrics, Koosamma Shambhu Shetty Memorial Haji Abdulla Mother and Child Hospital, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Gurunandan Uppinakudru
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ryan Fernandes
- Department of General Surgery, A. J Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shobith Bangera
- Department of Physiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R. Aswini Dutt
- Department of Physiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Kianmehr M, Mahdizadeh F, Khazdair MR. The effects of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) and its ingredients on dietary intakes in cardiovascular disease in Iranian population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:890532. [PMID: 35990354 PMCID: PMC9386225 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.890532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common causes of mortality around the world. The aim of this study is to summarize and conclude the clinical evidence regarding the use of Crocus sativus (C. sativus) and its ingredients on cardiovascular risk factors. A systematic search was conducted with PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), and Scopus in the English language from 2015 until September 2021. A fixed-effect or random-effects model were applied to pool standard mean difference (SMD) and its 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Randomized controlled studies that assessed the clinical effects of C. sativus and its ingredients on dietary intake (Energy, Carbohydrate, Protein, and total Fat) in human subjects were included. Seven studies comprising 421 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Pooling of results showed significant effect of saffron on total fat (−0.14; 95% CI: −0.49 to 0.20; I2 = 57.3%) and significant effect of crocin on Energy (0.94; 95% CI: −0.77 to 2.65; I2 = 95.9%), Carbohydrate (0.44; 95% CI: −0.74 to 1.62; I2 = 92.6%), and Protein (−0.04; 95% CI: −0.26 to 0.34; I2 = 0.0%). Present meta-analysis suggests that treatment with crocins is more effective than saffron in energy, carbohydrate, and protein, while saffron is more effective than crocins in fat. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fateme Mahdizadeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Jazi SMH, Radmanesh A, Sadeghi M, Mansouri A. Assessment of Metabolic Risk Factors and Heart-Healthy Lifestyle in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention after a 6-Month Follow-Up. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:15. [PMID: 35386533 PMCID: PMC8977608 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_206_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has dramatically diminished because of performing life-saving interventions. This study aims to assess the metabolic risk factors and heart healthy lifestyle following the first episode of ACS under percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment after the 6-month follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a longitudinal study conducted on 40 patients who underwent PCI because of the first episode of ACS. The patients' information including age, weight, abdominal circumference, smoking, functional capacity, patients' metabolic equivalent of task (METS), and laboratory tests including triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), creatinine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and hemoglobin A1C were recorded before discharge and reassessed after 6-month follow-up. RESULTS The patients were dominantly male (92.5%) with an average age of 56.8 ± 7.11 years. Physical activity and functional capacity (METS) significantly improved within 6 months (P = 0.019). BMI significantly improved; however, although the abdominal circumference decreased, it was not significant (P = 0.28). The number of smokers (P = 0.12) and the daily number of smoked cigarettes (P = 0.37) nonsignificantly decreased within 6 months. However, HDL-C (P = 0.013) and LDL-C (P = 0.027) changes were not desirable. TG, FBS, and blood pressure did not statistically significant change (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Although BMI, physical activity, and METS remarkably improved, waist circumference decreased nonsignificantly and lipid profile got worse paradoxically. Although this population is limited for generalization, this study shows that we require further schedules to improve ACS secondary prevention practice in our community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armina Radmanesh
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Armina Radmanesh, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Asieh Mansouri
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Gebremedhin MH, Lake EA, Gebrekirstos LG. Heavy khat (Catha edulis) chewing and dyslipidemia as modifiable hypertensive risk factors among patients in Southwest, Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259078. [PMID: 34699551 PMCID: PMC8547649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of hypertension is more devastating in low-and middle-income countries, including sub-Saharan Africa than in high-income countries. Among the modifiable risk factors, dyslipidemia and khat chewing were expanding at an alarming rate in Ethiopia but were still underestimated. Thus, this study aimed to assess heavy khat (Catha edulis) chewing and dyslipidemia as modifiable hypertensive risk factors among patients in the southwest, Ethiopia. METHODS A facility-based case-control study was conducted among 136 cases and 270 controls from May 15 to July 30, 2017. A consecutive sampling technique was used in this study. Epi data version 3.1.1 and SPSS version 21 were used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were reported. RESULTS The majority of the cases had a total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio of >5 (72.1%). The odds of hypertension increased among participants who had attended no formal education [AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: (1.05-4.82)], history of alcohol consumption [AOR = 5.93,95% CI:(3.11-11.30)], moderate khat chewing [AOR = 3.68, 95% CI:(1.69,8.01)], heavy khat chewing [AOR = 18.18, 95% CI: (3.56-92.89)], mild intensity physical activity [AOR = 3.01, 95% CI: (1.66-5.47)], type of oil used for food preparation [AOR = 2.81, 95% CI: (1.49-5.28)], and dyslipidemia [AOR = 6.68, 95% CI: (2.93-15.23)]. CONCLUSION The study showed that modifiable risk factors were the major factors associated with the development of hypertension. The findings of this study highlighted that health education is needed to focus on physical exercise, quitting excess alcohol consumption, quitting khat chewing by giving special emphasis to those who had no formal education. In addition, consideration should be given to a healthy diet free of cholesterol and unhealthy behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meron Hadis Gebremedhin
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Eyasu Alem Lake
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia
| | - Lielt Gebreselassie Gebrekirstos
- Department of Maternity and Reproductive Health Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Macut D, Ognjanović S, Ašanin M, Krljanac G, Milenković T. Metabolic syndrome and myocardial infarction in women. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:3786-3794. [PMID: 34115582 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210610114029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of metabolic disorders that arise from insulin resistance (IR) and adipose tissue dysfunction. As a consequence, there is an increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). MetS is associated with a 2-fold increase in cardiovascular outcomes. Earlier population analyses showed a lower prevalence of MetS in women (23.9%) in comparison to men (27.8%), while later analyses suggested significantly reduced difference due to an increase in prevalence in women aged between 20 and 39. However, the prevalence of MetS in specific populations of women, such as in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, ranges from 16% to almost 50% in some geographic regions. Abdominal fat accumulation and IR syndrome are recognized as the most important factors in the pathogenesis of MetS. After menopause, a decline in insulin sensitivity corresponds to an increase in fat mass, circulating fatty acids, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides. Prevalence of MetS in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is significantly more present in women (55.9%-66.3%) than in men (40.2%-47.3%) in different cohorts. Younger women with ACS had a higher mortality rate than younger men. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of death in aging women. Women with AMI have significantly higher rates of prior congestive heart failure, hypertension history, and diabetes. The role of androgens in CVD pathogenesis in women has not yet been clarified. The current review aims to give an insight into the role of MetS components and inflammation for the development of atherosclerosis, CVD, and AMI in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djuro Macut
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Diseases of Metabolism, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Ognjanović
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Diseases of Metabolism, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milika Ašanin
- Clinic for Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Krljanac
- Clinic for Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Milenković
- University Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Medical Faculty, University of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
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Pereira-da-Silva T, Napoleão P, Costa MC, Gabriel AF, Selas M, Silva F, Enguita FJ, Cruz Ferreira R, Mota Carmo M. Association between miR-146a and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Stable Coronary Artery Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57060575. [PMID: 34199767 PMCID: PMC8230353 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is proatherogenic and associated with the risk of acute ischemic events, although the mechanisms that regulate TNF-α expression in stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) are not fully understood. We investigated whether metabolic, inflammatory, and epigenetic (microRNA (miRNA)) markers are associated with TNF-α expression in SCAD. Materials and Methods: Patients with SCAD were prospectively recruited and their metabolic and inflammatory profiles were assessed. TNF-α levels were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relative expression of six circulating miRNAs associated with the regulation of inflammation and/or atherosclerosis was determined. Results: Of the 24 included patients with the mean age of 65 (9) years, 88% were male, and 54% were diabetic. The TNF-α levels were (median (interquartile range)) 1.0 (0.7–1.1) pg/mL. The percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (r = 0.418, p = 0.042), serum triglyceride levels (r = 0.429, p = 0.037), and C-reactive protein levels (r = 0.407, p = 0.048) were positively correlated with TNF-α levels. Of the candidate miRNAs, miR-146a expression levels were negatively correlated with TNF-α levels (as indicated by r = 0.500, p = 0.035 for correlation between delta cycle threshold (ΔCt) miR-146a and TNF-α levels). In multivariate analysis, serum triglyceride levels and miR-146a expression levels were independently associated with TNF-α levels. miR-146 expression levels were not associated with metabolic or other inflammatory parameters and were negatively correlated with the number of coronary vessels with obstructive disease (as indicated by r = 0.556, p = 0.017 for correlation between ΔCt miR-146a and number of diseased vessels). Conclusions: miR-146a expression levels were negatively correlated with TNF-α levels in patients with SCAD, irrespective of other metabolic or inflammatory markers, and with the severity of coronary artery disease. The results add to the knowledge on the role of miR-146a in TNF-α-based inflammation in SCAD and support future research on the potential therapeutic use of miR-146a in such a clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Pereira-da-Silva
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1169-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.S.); (R.C.F.)
- NOVA Doctoral School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-919908505
| | - Patrícia Napoleão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (P.N.); (M.C.C.); (A.F.G.); (F.J.E.)
| | - Marina C. Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (P.N.); (M.C.C.); (A.F.G.); (F.J.E.)
- Cardiomics Unit, Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André F. Gabriel
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (P.N.); (M.C.C.); (A.F.G.); (F.J.E.)
- Cardiomics Unit, Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Selas
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1169-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.S.); (R.C.F.)
| | - Filipa Silva
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1169-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.S.); (R.C.F.)
| | - Francisco J. Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (P.N.); (M.C.C.); (A.F.G.); (F.J.E.)
- Cardiomics Unit, Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Cruz Ferreira
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1169-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.S.); (R.C.F.)
| | - Miguel Mota Carmo
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal;
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Bartosiewicz A, Łuszczki E, Nagórska M, Oleksy Ł, Stolarczyk A, Dereń K. Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Polish Nurses. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050267. [PMID: 33922860 PMCID: PMC8145067 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome, also known as syndrome X or the insulin resistance, is defined by the World Health Organization as a pathologic condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Both all over the world and in Poland, there is a shortage of nurses; most of those employed are in the pre-retirement age. However, the requirements in this profession and the patient’s right to care at the highest level remain unchanged and do not take into account the poor condition or age of working nurses, so special attention should be paid to the state of health in this professional group. There is an emphasis on the importance of the adopted attitude toward health and the resulting behaviors, such as regular weight control, following dietary recommendations, regular physical activity and participation in preventive examinations. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome, its individual components and determining the factors influencing its development in Polish nurses. The research conducted among the nurses in question included DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) measurements, assessment of glucose concentration, lipid profile, blood pressure and a questionnaire survey. Almost half of the surveyed nurses have metabolic syndrome, which significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. After multivariate analysis, it was found that being overweight and obesity were significant factors influenced the MS (metabolic syndrome) occurrence among Polish nurses. Being overweight increases the chances of MS occurrence 8.58 times in relation to BMI (Body Mass Index) <25, obesity increases the chances of MS occurrence 8.085 times in relation to BMI <25, and obesity class II/III increases the chances of MS occurrence 16.505 times in relation to BMI <25. Preventive and supportive measures for this professional group are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bartosiewicz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (E.Ł.); (K.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-17-851-6811
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (E.Ł.); (K.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Nagórska
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Oleksy
- Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Artur Stolarczyk
- Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (E.Ł.); (K.D.)
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13
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Hoang T, Kim J. Phytonutrient supplements and metabolic biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of clinical trials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4171-4182. [PMID: 33724587 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytonutrients exert several pharmacological effects on humans. In this study, we performed an umbrella review of the association of phytonutrient supplements (PNSs) with biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Relevant published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library until July 4, 2020. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for summarized effects and I2 statistics of heterogeneity were extracted from individual studies or reanalyzed using a random-effects model. Of the 50 included studies, pooled effects of PNSs on blood pressure, lipid profiles, and glycemic control were reported in 16, 25, and 14 articles, respectively. The findings appeared to be highly heterogeneous among individual trials of included systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Ginger (WMD = -6.36 mmHg, 95% CI = -11.27, -1.46) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (WMD = -7.58 mmHg, 95% CI = -9.69, -5.46) were associated with lowered systolic blood pressure, whereas Aloe vera, Nigella sativa, and spirulina were associated with beneficial effects on both lipid profiles and glycemic control. In summary, this umbrella review has provided up-to-date evidence for the effect of PNSs on biomarkers related to hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. The results must be interpreted with caution due to potential heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Hoang
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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14
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Alshammary AF, Alharbi KK, Alshehri NJ, Vennu V, Ali Khan I. Metabolic Syndrome and Coronary Artery Disease Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18041773. [PMID: 33670349 PMCID: PMC7918238 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have described the link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), no meta-analysis has been carried out on this relationship. Thus, the present study intended to address this limitation. A systematic search was carried out using electronic databases, such as PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Medline, and Web of Science. A sum of 10 studies (n = 9327) was incorporated in the meta-analysis. Compared with non-MetS, MetS was significantly associated with high CAD risk (OR = 4.03, 95% CI = 3.56–4.56). The MetS components were also significantly correlated with high CAD risk (OR = 3.72, 95% CI = 3.22–4.40). The presence of two (OR = 3.93, 95% CI = 2.81–5.49), three (OR = 4.09, 95% CI = 2.85–5.86), four (OR = 4.04, 95% CI = 2.83–5.78), or all five MetS components (OR = 3.92, 95% CI = 3.11–4.93), were significantly associated with a high risk of CAD. MetS and its individual or combined elements were linked with high CAD risk based on contemporary evidence. Thus, the assessment of MetS and its components might help identify people at a higher risk of advancing CAD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal F. Alshammary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (K.K.A.); (N.J.A.)
| | - Khalid Khalaf Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (K.K.A.); (N.J.A.)
| | - Naif Jameel Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (K.K.A.); (N.J.A.)
| | - Vishal Vennu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Imran Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (K.K.A.); (N.J.A.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Downing R, Michael T, Place R, Hoffman E, Visich P. The Influence of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors on Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Children. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X20987453. [PMID: 33490309 PMCID: PMC7804354 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x20987453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is a major health concern today, which pre-disposes individuals to metabolic syndrome (MS), and the risk of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Use of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is recognized as non-invasive way to assess vascular health. The objective of this study was to determine which MBS risk factors has an influence on increasing one's risk of an increased CIMT in children. In southern Maine 189 children (age: 10.52 ± .52 years) had their MBS risk factors and CIMT assessed. Based on CIMT, children were divided into quartiles and compared to MBS risk factors. Children in the highest quartile for CIMT had the highest waist circumference (P < .05) compared to all other groups, using a one-way analysis of variance. No other MBS risk factors had an influence on CIMT. It appears early identification of children with an elevated WC may be beneficial in identifying children at risk of premature CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Visich
- University of New England, Biddeford,
ME, USA
- Paul Visich, Department of Exercise and
Sport Performance, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME
04005, USA.
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16
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Salari N, Doulatyari PK, Daneshkhah A, Vaisi-Raygani A, Jalali R, Jamshidi PK, Abdi A, Mohammadi M, Kazeminia M. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular patients in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:96. [PMID: 33292427 PMCID: PMC7607701 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the cause of more than 50% of mortalities globally, and this rate has grown by 8.6% since the 60 s. One of the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and its resulting mortality rate is the metabolic syndrome. Different studies have reported inconsistent rates for the metabolic syndrome. However, no comprehensive study has been conducted to combine the results of existing studies. Thus, the present study was performed with the aim of determining the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among cardiovascular patients in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHOD In this review study, the Scientific Information Database, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI), databases were searched from January 2005 and until May 2020, to identify and extract related articles. To conduct the analysis, a random effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of the studies was examined using the I2 index. Data analysis was performed within Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2) software. RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular patients in Iran in the 27 papers examined with a sample size of 44,735 patients was 34.2% (95% CI: 26.8-42.6%). A sensitivity analysis was performed to ensure the stability of the results, these results show that by omitting the prevalence from each study, the overall prevalence (34.2%) does not change significantly. the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome in studies conducted in the period between 2015 and 2020, and this was reported as 55.3 (95% CI: 47.9-62.3) and the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome in studies conducted in the methods of diagnosis IDF, and the rate was reported as 48 (95% CI: 36.5-59.8). based on meta-regression as the year of research increased, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular patients in Iran also increased. However, with the increase in sample size, this prevalence decreased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that metabolic syndrome is high in cardiovascular patients in Iran. Accordingly, by understanding its etiology and supervision at all levels, suitable solutions could be offered by providing feedback to hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Daneshkhah
- School of Computing, Electronics and Maths, Coventry University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aliakbar Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rostam Jalali
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parnian kord Jamshidi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kazeminia
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Luiza Lima Souza
- Universidade Federal de Goiás - Liga de Hipertensão Arterial, Goiânia, GO - Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Goiás - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Goiânia, GO - Brasil
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18
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Abedimanesh N, Bathaie SZ, Abedimanesh S, Motlagh B, Separham A, Ostadrahimi A. Saffron and crocin improved appetite, dietary intakes and body composition in patients with coronary artery disease. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2017; 9:200-208. [PMID: 29391933 PMCID: PMC5787332 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Central obesity is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). It can increase cardio-metabolic risks through hypertension, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Saffron and its bioactive compounds (crocin and crocetin) can modify some of metabolic disorders through multiple mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of saffron and crocin on lipid profile, appetite, dietary intakes, anthropometric indices and body composition in patients with CAD. Methods: This 8 weeks randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 84 patients with CAD between the ages of 40 and 65 years old. Participants were randomly divided into groups to receive a daily supplement of 30 mg saffron aqueous extract (SAE) or 30 mg crocin or placebo. Appetite, dietary intake, anthropometry, body composition, biochemical analysis were assessed before and after the study. Results: In SAE and crocin group, anthropometric and some body composition variables revealed a pattern of improvement after intervention. Decrease in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and fat mass values in SAE group was significantly more than crocin group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference at the end of study in lipid profile parameters. Both SAE and crocin yielded significant decrease in energy and dietary intake mean values (P < 0.001 and P = 0.046), while it remained unchanged in the placebo group, also the appetite decreased significantly in SAE and crocin group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.029, respectively). Conclusion: The results of present study regarding anti-obesity feature of SAE and crocin in patients with CAD was promising. However the SAE was better in appetite suppressing, dietary intake and central obesity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Abedimanesh
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - S. Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Abedimanesh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Motlagh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Separham
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Madani Heart Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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