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Sharifi H, Safarpour H, Moossavi M, Khorashadizadeh M. Identification of Potential Prognostic Markers and Key Therapeutic Targets in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis: A Systems Biology Approach. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e2968. [PMID: 36381283 PMCID: PMC9618018 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.269817.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the most prevalent form of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the fifth highest cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite recent advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, the prognosis for HCC is still unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify potential genes contributing to HCC pathogenicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this end, we examined the GSE39791 microarray dataset, which included 72 HCC samples and 72 normal samples. An investigation of co-expression networks using WGCNA found a highly conserved blue module with 665 genes that were strongly linked to HCC. RESULTS APOF, NAT2, LCAT, TTC36, IGFALS, ASPDH, and VIPR1 were the blue module's top 7 hub genes. According to the results of hub gene enrichment, the most related issues in the biological process and KEGG were peroxisome organization and metabolic pathways, respectively. In addition, using the drug-target network, we discovered 19 FDA-approved medication candidates for different reasons that might potentially be employed to treat HCC patients through the modulation of 3 hub genes of the co-expression network (LCAT, NAT2, and VIPR1). Our findings also demonstrated that the 3 scientifically validated miRNAs regulated the co-expression network by the VIPR1 hub gene. CONCLUSION We found co-expressed gene modules and hub genes linked with HCC advancement, offering insights into the mechanisms underlying HCC progression as well as some potential HCC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Sharifi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Maryam Moossavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khorashadizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran,
Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran,
3Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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2
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Khalid R, Ramanathan A, Tee Lun H, Lim D. Aberrant Expression of p63 in an Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate That Has Metastasized to the Oral Cavity. Cureus 2022; 14:e22753. [PMID: 35371862 PMCID: PMC8970596 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis specifically to the oral cavity is uncommon in cases of prostate adenocarcinoma. Only 4% of prostate cancer patients present with metastases to the oral cavity originating from the prostate. In the oral cavity, the mandible is the primary site of metastases. p63 is said to be a reliable marker to distinguish benign from malignant lesions of prostate origin, with benign lesions staining positive and malignant lesions staining negative. However, in rare instances, malignant prostate lesions have shown aberrant expression of p63. This case report highlights such a rare incidence of metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma to the oral cavity involving the right buccal mucosa and the right side of the mandible and having an aberrant expression of p63 in a 76-year-old Chinese male. A computed tomography (CT) scan and bone scan revealed multiple bone metastases, and in three months, the patient succumbed to the disease. Thus, p63 is not exclusively expressed in benign lesions of the prostate, as the aberrant expression may also be evident in malignant lesions such as prostate adenocarcinoma. Therefore, the determination of benign or malignant lesions of the prostate using p63 must be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq Khalid
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MYS.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Diagnosis, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, MYS
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MYS.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Heng Tee Lun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Daniel Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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3
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Meyer MT, Watermann C, Dreyer T, Wagner S, Wittekindt C, Klussmann JP, Ergün S, Baumgart-Vogt E, Karnati S. Differential Expression of Peroxisomal Proteins in Distinct Types of Parotid Gland Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7872. [PMID: 34360635 PMCID: PMC8345988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland cancers are rare but aggressive tumors that have poor prognosis and lack effective cure. Of those, parotid tumors constitute the majority. Functioning as metabolic machinery contributing to cellular redox balance, peroxisomes have emerged as crucial players in tumorigenesis. Studies on murine and human cells have examined the role of peroxisomes in carcinogenesis with conflicting results. These studies either examined the consequences of altered peroxisomal proliferators or compared their expression in healthy and neoplastic tissues. None, however, examined such differences exclusively in human parotid tissue or extended comparison to peroxisomal proteins and their associated gene expressions. Therefore, we examined differences in peroxisomal dynamics in parotid tumors of different morphologies. Using immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR, we compared the expression levels of key peroxisomal enzymes and proliferators in healthy and neoplastic parotid tissue samples. Three parotid tumor subtypes were examined: pleomorphic adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma. We observed higher expression of peroxisomal matrix proteins in neoplastic samples with exceptional down regulation of certain enzymes; however, the degree of expression varied between tumor subtypes. Our findings confirm previous experimental results on other organ tissues and suggest peroxisomes as possible therapeutic targets or markers in all or certain subtypes of parotid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Tordis Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Christoph Watermann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Thomas Dreyer
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Langhansstrasse 10, D-35392 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Claus Wittekindt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Jens Peter Klussmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, Ebene-1, D-35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.M.); (C.W.); (S.W.); (C.W.); (J.P.K.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, D-35385 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany;
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, D-35385 Gießen, Germany;
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4
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Suzuki K, Masuike Y, Mizuno R, Sachdeva UM, Chatterji P, Andres SF, Sun W, Klein-Szanto AJ, Besharati S, Remotti HE, Verzi MP, Rustgi AK. LIN28B induces a differentiation program through CDX2 in colon cancer. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140382. [PMID: 33755595 PMCID: PMC8262288 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Most colorectal cancers (CRCs) are moderately differentiated or well differentiated, a status that is preserved even in metastatic tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC differentiation remain to be elucidated. Herein, we unravel a potentially novel posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism via a LIN28B/CDX2 signaling axis that plays a critical role in mediating CRC differentiation. Owing to a large number of mRNA targets, the mRNA-binding protein LIN28B has diverse functions in development, metabolism, tissue regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Our RNA-binding protein IP (RIP) assay revealed that LIN28B directly binds CDX2 mRNA, which is a pivotal homeobox transcription factor in normal intestinal epithelial cell identity and differentiation. Furthermore, LIN28B overexpression resulted in enhanced CDX2 expression to promote differentiation in subcutaneous xenograft tumors generated from CRC cells and metastatic tumor colonization through mesenchymal-epithelial transition in CRC liver metastasis mouse models. A ChIP sequence for CDX2 identified α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) as a potentially novel transcriptional target of CDX2 in the context of LIN28B overexpression. We also found that AMACR enhanced intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity, which is known as a key component of intestinal differentiation, through the upregulation of butyric acid. Overall, we demonstrated that LIN28B promotes CRC differentiation through the CDX2/AMACR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Suzuki
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yasunori Masuike
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Uma M Sachdeva
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priya Chatterji
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah F Andres
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Wenping Sun
- Institute for Biomedical informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Histopathology Facility and Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sepideh Besharati
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Helen E Remotti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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5
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Wang H, Liu H, Dai W, Luo S, Amos CI, Lee JE, Li X, Yue Y, Nan H, Wei Q. Association of genetic variants of TMEM135 and PEX5 in the peroxisome pathway with cutaneous melanoma-specific survival. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:396. [PMID: 33842617 PMCID: PMC8033299 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Peroxisomes are ubiquitous and dynamic organelles that are involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipids. However, whether genetic variants in the peroxisome pathway genes are associated with survival in patients with melanoma has not been established. Therefore, our aim was to identify additional genetic variants in the peroxisome pathway that may provide new prognostic biomarkers for cutaneous melanoma (CM). Methods We assessed the associations between 8,397 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 88 peroxisome pathway genes and CM disease-specific survival (CMSS) in a two-stage analysis. For the discovery, we extracted the data from a published genome-wide association study from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). We then replicated the results in another dataset from the Nurse Health Study (NHS)/Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). Results Overall, 95 (11.1%) patients in the MDACC dataset and 48 (11.7%) patients in the NHS/HPFS dataset died of CM. We found 27 significant SNPs in the peroxisome pathway genes to be associated with CMSS in both datasets after multiple comparison correction using the Bayesian false-discovery probability method. In stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, with adjustment for other covariates and previously published SNPs in the MDACC dataset, we identified 2 independent SNPs (TMEM135 rs567403 C>G and PEX5 rs7969508 A>G) that predicted CMSS (P=0.003 and 0.031, respectively, in an additive genetic model). The expression quantitative trait loci analysis further revealed that the TMEM135 rs567403 GG and PEX5 rs7969508 GG genotypes were associated with increased and decreased levels of mRNA expression of their genes, respectively. Conclusions Once our findings are replicated by other investigators, these genetic variants may serve as novel biomarkers for the prediction of survival in patients with CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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6
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Díaz P, Sandoval-Bórquez A, Bravo-Sagua R, Quest AFG, Lavandero S. Perspectives on Organelle Interaction, Protein Dysregulation, and Cancer Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:613336. [PMID: 33718356 PMCID: PMC7946981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.613336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, compelling evidence has emerged showing that organelles are not static structures but rather form a highly dynamic cellular network and exchange information through membrane contact sites. Although high-throughput techniques facilitate identification of novel contact sites (e.g., organelle-organelle and organelle-vesicle interactions), little is known about their impact on cellular physiology. Moreover, even less is known about how the dysregulation of these structures impacts on cellular function and therefore, disease. Particularly, cancer cells display altered signaling pathways involving several cell organelles; however, the relevance of interorganelle communication in oncogenesis and/or cancer progression remains largely unknown. This review will focus on organelle contacts relevant to cancer pathogenesis. We will highlight specific proteins and protein families residing in these organelle-interfaces that are known to be involved in cancer-related processes. First, we will review the relevance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria interactions. This section will focus on mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and particularly the tethering proteins at the ER-mitochondria interphase, as well as their role in cancer disease progression. Subsequently, the role of Ca2+ at the ER-mitochondria interphase in cancer disease progression will be discussed. Members of the Bcl-2 protein family, key regulators of cell death, also modulate Ca2+ transport pathways at the ER-mitochondria interphase. Furthermore, we will review the role of ER-mitochondria communication in the regulation of proteostasis, focusing on the ER stress sensor PERK (PRKR-like ER kinase), which exerts dual roles in cancer. Second, we will review the relevance of ER and mitochondria interactions with other organelles. This section will focus on peroxisome and lysosome organelle interactions and their impact on cancer disease progression. In this context, the peroxisome biogenesis factor (PEX) gene family has been linked to cancer. Moreover, the autophagy-lysosome system is emerging as a driving force in the progression of numerous human cancers. Thus, we will summarize our current understanding of the role of each of these organelles and their communication, highlighting how alterations in organelle interfaces participate in cancer development and progression. A better understanding of specific organelle communication sites and their relevant proteins may help to identify potential pharmacological targets for novel therapies in cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Díaz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Sandoval-Bórquez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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7
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Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is commonly considered to function as a cell surface protein, for instance in the genesis of caveolae. Nonetheless, it is also present in many intracellular organelles and compartments. The contributions of these intracellular pools to CAV1 function are generally less well understood, and this is also the case in the context of cancer. This review will summarize literature available on the role of CAV1 in cancer, highlighting particularly our understanding of the canonical (CAV1 in the plasma membrane) and non-canonical pathways (CAV1 in organelles and exosomes) linked to the dual role of the protein as a tumor suppressor and promoter of metastasis. With this in mind, we will focus on recently emerging concepts linking CAV1 function to the regulation of intracellular organelle communication within the same cell where CAV1 is expressed. However, we now know that CAV1 can be released from cells in exosomes and generate systemic effects. Thus, we will also elaborate on how CAV1 participates in intracellular communication between organelles as well as signaling between cells (non-canonical pathways) in cancer.
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8
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Lee H, Kim M, Kim SH, Tran Q, Kong G, Kim C, Kwon SH, Park J, Park JB, Park S, Park J. Alpha-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase (AMACR), a Potential New Biomarker for Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:550673. [PMID: 33154941 PMCID: PMC7590573 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.550673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), which was initially discovered as a prostate cancer marker, is critical for the chiral inversion mechanism of branched-chain fatty acids. However, the function of AMACR in brain tumors has not been investigated. In this study, AMACR appeared to be involved in glioblastoma. The protein and mRNA levels of AMACR were highly elevated in glioblastoma. Downregulation of AMACR inhibited cell proliferation. Comprehensive analysis of the public REMBRANDT GBM dataset also confirmed that the level of AMACR expression was correlated with the clinical prognosis of glioma patients. In summary, these findings indicate that AMACR expression is increased in a glioblastoma cell line and glioma patients, suggesting that AMACR might be a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for cancer, including glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seon-Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Quangdon Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gyeyeong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Life Science, Hyehwa Liberal Arts College, LINC Plus Project Group, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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9
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Gülhan Ö, Mahi B. The Role of AMACR, CD10, TMPRSS2-ERG, and p27 Protein Expression Among Different Gleason Grades of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma on Needle Biopsy. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2020; 14:1179554920947322. [PMID: 35185351 PMCID: PMC8855389 DOI: 10.1177/1179554920947322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the immunohistochemical expression of α-methyl acyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), CD10, TMPRSS2-ERG, and p27 in prostate adenocarcinoma tumors with different Gleason growth patterns and nonneoplastic prostate tissues to elucidate their roles in prostate carcinogenesis and histological aggressiveness. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 80 archival core biopsy tissues diagnosed as prostate carcinoma, benign prostate hyperplasia, and atrophy cases were included. Immunoreactivity was evaluated by calculating the percentage of positively stained cells and the staining intensity. The mean values and test of significance were obtained using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS We obtained mostly intense immunoreactivity for AMACR, CD10, and ERG in adenocarcinomas. Although no significant differences were noted regarding AMACR and ERG expression, samples with Gleason growth patterns 3 and 5 tended to be strongly positive for ERG. Pattern 3 tumors exhibited the weakest positivity for CD10. The p27 expression was strong and diffuse in nonneoplastic prostate tissues. The loss of p27 expression was more frequent for pattern 5 tumors. CONCLUSION ERG and AMACR were powerful markers to detect cancer. Especially, ERG is evident in early tumors may reflect its interaction with functional androgen receptors in cancer initiation. Pattern 5 tumors associated with stroma may have been exposed to more stromal substrates and upregulate their CD10 content as a protein degrader. We suggest that CD10 expression is associated with an increasing tumor grade. Decreased concentrations of p27 protein might be implicated in prostate carcinogenesis and may be a useful immunohistochemical adjunct in predicting histological aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özdemir Gülhan
- Department of Pathology, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Balcı Mahi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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10
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Kong G, Lee H, Tran Q, Kim C, Park J, Kwon SH, Kim SH, Park J. Current Knowledge on the Function of α-Methyl Acyl-CoA Racemase in Human Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:153. [PMID: 32760737 PMCID: PMC7372137 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched chain fatty acids perform very important functions in human diet and drug metabolism. they cannot be metabolized in mitochondria and are instead processed and degraded in peroxisomes due to the presence of methyl groups on the carbon chains. Oxidative degradation pathways for lipids include α- and β-oxidation and several pathways. In all metabolic pathways, α-methyl acyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) plays an essential role by regulating the metabolism of lipids and drugs. AMACR regulates β-oxidation of branched chain lipids in peroxisomes and mitochondria and promotes chiral reversal of 2-methyl acids. AMACR defects cause sensory-motor neuronal and liver abnormalities in humans. These phenotypes are inherited and are caused by mutations in AMACR. In addition, AMACR has been found to be overexpressed in prostate cancer. In addition, the protein levels of AMACR have increased significantly in many types of cancer. Therefore, AMACR may be an important marker in tumors. In this review, a comprehensive overview of AMACR studies in human disease will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeyeong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Quangdon Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Life Science, Hyehwa Liberal Arts College, LINC Plus Project Group, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seon-Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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