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Echeverri Tribin F, Williams E, Testamarck V, Carreño JM, Bielak D, Yellin T, Krammer F, Hoffer M, Pallikkuth S, Pahwa S. Determinants of health as predictors for differential antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 primary and booster vaccination in an at-risk, longitudinal cohort. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292566. [PMID: 38564600 PMCID: PMC10987003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Post vaccine immunity following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination may be driven by extrinsic, or controllable and intrinsic, or inherent health factors. Thus, we investigated the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic on the peak antibody response following COVID-19 primary vaccination and on the trajectory of peak antibody magnitude and durability over time. Participants in a longitudinal cohort attended visits every 3 months for up to 2 years following enrollment. At baseline, participants provided information on their demographics, recreational behaviors, and comorbid health conditions which guided our model selection process. Blood samples were collected for serum processing and spike antibody testing at each visit. Cross-sectional and longitudinal models (linear-mixed effects models) were generated to assess the relationship between selected intrinsic and extrinsic health factors on peak antibody following vaccination and to determine the influence of these predictors on antibody over time. Following cross-sectional analysis, we observed higher peak antibody titers after primary vaccination in females, those who reported recreational drug use, younger age, and prior COVID-19 history. Following booster vaccination, females and Hispanics had higher peak titers after the 3rd and 4th doses, respectively. Longitudinal models demonstrated that Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients, females, and those previously vaccinated had increased peak titers over time. Moreover, drug users and half-dose Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients had higher peak antibody titers over time following the first booster, while no predictive factors significantly affected post-second booster antibody responses. Overall, both intrinsic and extrinsic health factors play a significant role in shaping humoral immunogenicity after initial vaccination and the first booster. The absence of predictive factors for second booster immunogenicity suggests a more robust and consistent immune response after the second booster vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Echeverri Tribin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erin Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Valeska Testamarck
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Dominika Bielak
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Temima Yellin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael Hoffer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Pannu V, Udongwo N, Imburgio S, Johal A, Mararenko A, Pozdniakova H, Amin T, Patel S, Hossain M, Mushtaq A, Liu E, Fune JM, Heaton J. Adverse Events of SARS-CoV-2 Therapy: A Pharmacovigilance Study of the FAERS Database. Ann Pharmacother 2024; 58:105-109. [PMID: 37144730 PMCID: PMC10164089 DOI: 10.1177/10600280231169256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past 2 years of the several strategies recommended to help fight COVID-19, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is a novel drug shown in the EPIC-HR phase 2 to 3 clinical trial to lower COVID-19-related death or hospitalization at day 28 when compared with placebo. OBJECTIVE Our study's aim was to explore the reported adverse events (AEs) associated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir use for COVID-19. METHOD We conducted a retrospective analysis using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database for AEs, listing nirmatrelvir/ritonavir as the primary drug between January and June 2022. The primary outcome was the incidence of reported AEs associated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. The OpenFDA database was queried using Python 3.10 to collect the AEs and Stata 17 was used to analyze the database. Adverse events were analyzed by associated medication, with "Covid-19" excluded. RESULTS A total of 8098 reports were identified between January and June 2022. Most reported complaints in the AE system were COVID-19 and disease recurrence. The most common symptomatic AEs were dysgeusia, diarrhea, cough, fatigue, and headache. Event rates significantly rose between April and May. Disease recurrence and dysgeusia were the most commonly reported complaints for the top 8 concomitant drugs identified. Cardiac arrest, tremor, akathisia, and death were reported in 1, 3, 67, and 5 cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This is the first retrospective study done on reported AEs associated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir use for COVID-19. COVID-19 and disease recurrence were the most reported AEs. Further monitoring of the FAERS database is warranted to periodically reassess the safety profile of this medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraaj Pannu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA
| | - Ndausung Udongwo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA
| | - Steven Imburgio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA
| | - Anmol Johal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA
| | - Anton Mararenko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA
| | - Helen Pozdniakova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA
| | - Tasnuva Amin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA
| | - Swapnil Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA
| | - Mohammad Hossain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA
| | - Arman Mushtaq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA
| | - Edward Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA
| | - Jose M. Fune
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph Heaton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, USA
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Ozaki A, Harada K, Murayama A, Saito H, Sawano T, Tanimoto T, Shrestha S, Bhandari D, Crump A. Japan's valsartan clinical trials shambles; time for fundamental changes. Int J Health Plann Manage 2023; 38:557-568. [PMID: 36794862 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Japan's Diovan® /valsartan 'scandal' has received sensational coverage in the nation's media since 2012. Publication of fraudulent research and their subsequent retraction boosted and then curtailed the use of what was a useful therapeutic drug. Some authors of the papers resigned, others disputed the retractions and resorted to legal counsel to protect themselves. One individual, an undeclared Novartis employee involved in the research, was arrested. A complex and virtually unwinnable case was brought against him and Novartis, claiming that data alteration amounted to false advertising, but lengthy criminal court cases resulted in the case failing. Unfortunately, key elements, including conflicts of interest, pharmaceutical company interference in trials of its product, and the role of the institutions involved, have been effectively ignored. The incident also emphasised the fact that Japan's unique society and approach to science does not conform well to international standards. Although the supposed impropriety caused the appearance of a new Clinical Trials Act in 2018, the law has been criticized for being ineffectual and simply increasing clinical trial bureaucracy. This article examines the 'scandal' and identifies where changes must be made to clinical research and the roles of the various stakeholders in Japan to increase public trust in clinical trials and biomedical publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Kayo Harada
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anju Murayama
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sendai Kosei Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Sawano
- Department of Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Sunil Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Divya Bhandari
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andy Crump
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Chaudhary KR, Kujur S, Singh K. Recent advances of nanotechnology in COVID 19: A critical review and future perspective. OpenNano 2023; 9. [PMCID: PMC9749399 DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The global anxiety and economic crisis causes the deadly pandemic coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID 19) affect millions of people right now. Subsequently, this life threatened viral disease is caused due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, morbidity and mortality of infected patients are due to cytokines storm syndrome associated with lung injury and multiorgan failure caused by COVID 19. Thereafter, several methodological advances have been approved by WHO and US-FDA for the detection, diagnosis and control of this wide spreadable communicable disease but still facing multi-challenges to control. Herein, we majorly emphasize the current trends and future perspectives of nano-medicinal based approaches for the delivery of anti-COVID 19 therapeutic moieties. Interestingly, Nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with drug molecules or vaccines resemble morphological features of SARS-CoV-2 in their size (60–140 nm) and shape (circular or spherical) that particularly mimics the virus facilitating strong interaction between them. Indeed, the delivery of anti-COVID 19 cargos via a nanoparticle such as Lipidic nanoparticles, Polymeric nanoparticles, Metallic nanoparticles, and Multi-functionalized nanoparticles to overcome the drawbacks of conventional approaches, specifying the site-specific targeting with reduced drug loading and toxicities, exhibit their immense potential. Additionally, nano-technological based drug delivery with their peculiar characteristics of having low immunogenicity, tunable drug release, multidrug delivery, higher selectivity and specificity, higher efficacy and tolerability switch on the novel pathway for the prevention and treatment of COVID 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabi Raj Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India,Department of Research and Development, United Biotech (P) Ltd. Bagbania, Nalagarh, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India,Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, MOGA, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Sima Kujur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India,Department of Research and Development, United Biotech (P) Ltd. Bagbania, Nalagarh, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Johnson DM, Brasel T, Massey S, Garron T, Grimes M, Smith J, Torres M, Wallace S, Villasante-Tezanos A, Beasley DW, Comer JE. Evaluation of molnupiravir (EIDD-2801) efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in the rhesus macaque model. Antiviral Res 2023; 209:105492. [PMID: 36535309 PMCID: PMC9756747 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Molnupiravir (EIDD-2801) is a prodrug of a ribonucleoside analogue that is currently being used under a US FDA emergency use authorization for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. We evaluated molnupiravir for efficacy as an oral treatment in the rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Twenty non-human primates (NHPs) were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with 75 mg/kg (n = 8) or 250 mg/kg (n = 8) of molnupiravir twice daily by oral gavage for 7 days. The NHPs were observed for 14 days post-challenge and monitored for clinical signs of disease. After challenge, all groups showed a trend toward increased respiration rates. Treatment with molnupiravir significantly reduced viral RNA levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples at Days 7 and 10. Considering the mild to moderate nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the rhesus macaque model, this study highlights the importance of monitoring the viral load in the lung as an indicator of pharmaceutical efficacy for COVID-19 treatments. Additionally, this study provides evidence of the efficacy of molnupiravir which supplements the current ongoing clinical trials of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Trevor Brasel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shane Massey
- Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tania Garron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Grimes
- Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jeanon Smith
- Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maricela Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - David W. Beasley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jason E. Comer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Corresponding author. 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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Dal-Ré R, Porcher R, Rosendaal FR, Schwarzer-Daum B. Regulatory agencies disregard real-world effectiveness evidence on product labels beyond what is reasonable. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 153:83-90. [PMID: 36371045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dal-Ré
- Epidemiology Unit, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raphaël Porcher
- Université de Paris, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS-UMR1153), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Yoo S, Kim L, Lu M, Nagoshi K, Namchuk M. A review of clinical efficacy data supporting emergency use authorization for COVID-19 therapeutics and lessons for future pandemics. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2279-2292. [PMID: 35929015 PMCID: PMC9538903 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) allows the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to expedite the availability of therapeutics in the context of a public health emergency. To date, an evidentiary standard for clinical efficacy to support an EUA has not yet been established. This review examines the clinical data submitted in support of EUA for antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through December of 2021 and the resilience of the authorization as new clinical data arose subsequent to the authorization. In the vast majority of cases, EUA was supported by at least one well-powered randomized controlled trial (RCT) where statistically significant efficacy was demonstrated. This included branded medications already approved for use outside of the context of COVID-19. When used, the standard of a single RCT seemed to provide adequate evidence of clinical efficacy, such that subsequent clinical studies generally supported or expanded the EUA of the therapeutic in question. The lone generic agent that was granted EUA (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) was not supported by a well-controlled RCT, and the EUA was withdrawn within 3 months time. This highlighted not only the ambiguity of the EUA standard, but also the need to provide avenues through which high quality clinical evidence for the efficacy of a generic medication could be obtained. Therefore, maintaining the clinical trial networks assembled during the COVID-19 pandemic could be a critical component of our preparation for future pandemics. Consideration could also be given to establishing a single successful RCT as regulatory guidance for obtaining an EUA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Kim
- Harvard CollegeCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Mark N. Namchuk
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyBlavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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George N, Imran M, Alam Khan S, Al Balushi K, Asdaq SMB, Jomah S. A Spotlight on the Development, Pharmaceutical Trends, Innovations and Patents of Nirmatrelvir (PaxlovidTM). INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1340.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Teli DM, Patel B, Chhabria MT. Fragment-based design of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. Struct Chem. [PMID: 36035593 PMCID: PMC9399563 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been identified as a causative agent for COVID-19 pandemic. About more than 6.3 million fatalities have been attributed to COVID-19 worldwide to date. Finding a viable cure for the illness is urgently needed in light of the present pandemic. The prominence of main protease in the life cycle of virus shapes the main protease as a viable target for design and development of antiviral agents to combat COVID-19. The current study presents the fragment linking strategy to design the novel Mpro inhibitors for COVID-19. A total of 293,451 fragments from diversified libraries have been screened for their binding affinity towards Mpro enzyme. The best 1600 fragment hits were subjected to fragment joining to achieve 100 new molecules using Schrödinger software. The resulting molecules were further screened for their Mpro binding affinity, ADMET, and drug-likeness features. The best 13 molecules were selected, and the first 6 compounds were investigated for their ligand-receptor complex stability through a molecular dynamics study using GROMACS software. The resulting molecules have the potential to be further evaluated for COVID-19 drug discovery.
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Priya P, Basit A, Bandyopadhyay P. A strategy to optimize the peptide-based inhibitors against different mutants of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35881159 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2103587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused high-priority health concerns at a global level. Vaccines have stalled the proliferation of viruses to some extent. Yet, the emergence of newer, potentially more infectious, and dangerous mutants such as Delta and Omicron are among the major challenges in finding a more permanent solution for this pandemic. The effectiveness of antivirals Molnupiravir and Paxlovid, authorized for emergency use by the FDA, are yet to be assessed on a larger population. Patients with a high risk of disease progression have received treatment with antibody-cocktail. Most of the mutations leading to the new lineage of SARS-CoV-2 are found in the spike protein of this virus that plays a key role in facilitating host entry. The current study has investigated how to modify a promising peptide-based inhibitor of spike protein, LCB3, against common mutations, N501Y and K417N in the target protein so that it retains its efficacy against the spike protein. LCB3 being a prototype for protein-based inhibitors is an ideal testing system to learn about protein-based inhibitors. This study proposes the substitutions of amino acid residues of LCB3 inhibitor using a structure-based approach that considers free energy decomposition of residues, the distance between atoms, and the interaction among amino acids. The binding free energy calculations suggest a possible improvement in the binding affinity of existing inhibitor LCB3 to the mutant forms of the S-protein using simple substitutions at specific positions of the inhibitor. This approach, being general, can be used in different inhibitors and other mutations and help in fighting against SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Priya
- Department of Botany, Purnea Mahila College, Purnea University, Purnia, Bihar, India
| | - Abdul Basit
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradipta Bandyopadhyay
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Hua Y, Jiang H, Lin S, Yang J, Plasek JM, Bates DW, Zhou L. Using Twitter Data to Understand Public Perceptions of Approved versus Off-label Use for COVID-19-related Medications. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 29:1668-1678. [PMID: 35775946 PMCID: PMC9278189 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Understanding public discourse on emergency use of unproven therapeutics is essential to monitor safe use and combat misinformation. We developed a natural language processing-based pipeline to understand public perceptions of and stances on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related drugs on Twitter across time. Methods This retrospective study included 609 189 US-based tweets between January 29, 2020 and November 30, 2021 on 4 drugs that gained wide public attention during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) Hydroxychloroquine and Ivermectin, drug therapies with anecdotal evidence; and (2) Molnupiravir and Remdesivir, FDA-approved treatment options for eligible patients. Time-trend analysis was used to understand the popularity and related events. Content and demographic analyses were conducted to explore potential rationales of people’s stances on each drug. Results Time-trend analysis revealed that Hydroxychloroquine and Ivermectin received much more discussion than Molnupiravir and Remdesivir, particularly during COVID-19 surges. Hydroxychloroquine and Ivermectin were highly politicized, related to conspiracy theories, hearsay, celebrity effects, etc. The distribution of stance between the 2 major US political parties was significantly different (P < .001); Republicans were much more likely to support Hydroxychloroquine (+55%) and Ivermectin (+30%) than Democrats. People with healthcare backgrounds tended to oppose Hydroxychloroquine (+7%) more than the general population; in contrast, the general population was more likely to support Ivermectin (+14%). Conclusion Our study found that social media users with have different perceptions and stances on off-label versus FDA-authorized drug use across different stages of COVID-19, indicating that health systems, regulatory agencies, and policymakers should design tailored strategies to monitor and reduce misinformation for promoting safe drug use. Our analysis pipeline and stance detection models are made public at https://github.com/ningkko/COVID-drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Hua
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hang Jiang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shixu Lin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Joseph M Plasek
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David W Bates
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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