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Liao PH, Lee WK, Lee CC, Huang CW, Wen SW, Chen YT, Chen CC, Lin WY, Kwak BL, Visser RJ, Wu CC. Using angle-selective optical film to enhance the light extraction of a thin-film encapsulated 3D reflective pixel for OLED displays. Opt Express 2022; 30:46435-46449. [PMID: 36558597 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Light extraction improvement is still an important issue for active-matrix organic light-emitting diode displays (AMOLEDs). In our previous work, a three-dimensional (3D) reflective pixel configuration embedding the OLED in the concave 3D reflector and patterned high-index filler had been proposed for significant enhancement of the pixel light extraction. In this work, influences of thin film encapsulation (TFE) on light extraction of such reflective 3D OLED pixels are considered as well by simulation studies. Unfortunately, the optical simulation reveals strong reduction of the light extraction efficiency induced by TFE layers. As such, an additional angle-selective optical film structure between the pixel and the encapsulation layers is introduced to control the angular distribution of the light coupled into the encapsulation layers and to solve TFE-induced optical losses. As a result, TFE-induced losses can be substantially reduced to retain much of light extraction efficiency. The results of this study are believed to provide useful insights and guides for developing even more efficient and power-saving AMOLEDs.
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2
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Abbasi Moud A. Chiral Liquid Crystalline Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Fundamentals and Applications. ACS Omega 2022; 7:30673-30699. [PMID: 36092570 PMCID: PMC9453985 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By using an independent self-assembly process that is occasionally controlled by evaporation, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) may create films (pure or in conjunction with other materials) that have iridescent structural colors. The self-forming chiral nematic structures and environmental safety of a new class of photonic liquid crystals (LCs), referred to as CNCs and CNC-embedded materials, make them simple to make and treat. The structure of the matrix interacts with light to give structural coloring, as opposed to other dye pigments, which interact with light by adsorption and reflection. Understanding how CNC self-assembly constructs structures is vital in several fields, including physics, science, and engineering. To constructure this review, the colloidal characteristics of CNC particles and their behavior during the formation of liquid crystals and gelling were studied. Then, some of the recognized applications for these naturally occurring nanoparticles were summarized. Different factors were considered, including the CNC aspect ratio, surface chemistry, concentration, the amount of time needed to produce an anisotropic phase, and the addition of additional substances to the suspension medium. The effects of alignment and the drying process conditions on structural changes are also covered. The focus of this study however is on the optical properties of the films as well as the impact of the aforementioned factors on the final transparency, iridescent colors, and versus the overall response of these bioinspired photonic materials. Control of the examined factors was found to be necessary to produce reliable materials for optoelectronics, intelligent inks and papers, transparent flexible support for electronics, and decorative coatings and films.
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3
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Qiu T, Akinoglu EM, Luo B, Konarova M, Yun JH, Gentle IR, Wang L. Nanosphere Lithography: A Versatile Approach to Develop Transparent Conductive Films for Optoelectronic Applications. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2103842. [PMID: 35119141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive films (TCFs) are irreplaceable components in most optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, sensors, smart windows, and bioelectronics. The shortcomings of existing traditional transparent conductors demand the development of new material systems that are both transparent and electrically conductive, with variable functionality to meet the requirements of new generation optoelectronic devices. In this respect, TCFs with periodic or irregular nanomesh structures have recently emerged as promising candidates, which possess superior mechanical properties in comparison with conventional metal oxide TCFs. Among the methods for nanomesh TCFs fabrication, nanosphere lithography (NSL) has proven to be a versatile platform, with which a wide range of morphologically distinct nanomesh TCFs have been demonstrated. These materials are not only functionally diverse, but also have advantages in terms of device compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive description of the NSL process and its most relevant derivatives to fabricate nanomesh TCFs. The structure-property relationships of these materials are elaborated and an overview of their application in different technologies across disciplines related to optoelectronics is given. It is concluded with a perspective on current shortcomings and future directions to further advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Qiu
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Eser Metin Akinoglu
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 526238, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Bin Luo
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Muxina Konarova
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jung-Ho Yun
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Gentle
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Yao Y, Chen Y, Wang K, Turetta N, Vitale S, Han B, Wang H, Zhang L, Samorì P. A robust vertical nanoscaffold for recyclable, paintable, and flexible light-emitting devices. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn2225. [PMID: 35275715 PMCID: PMC8916739 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting devices are key components for emerging opto- and nanoelectronics applications including health monitoring and smart displays. Here, we report a foldable inverted polymer light-emitting diode (iPLED) based on a self-suspended asymmetrical vertical nanoscaffold replacing the conventional sandwich-like structured LEDs. Our empty vertical-yet-open nanoscaffold exhibits excellent mechanical robustness, proven by unaltered leakage current when applying 1000 cycles of 40-kilopascal pressure loading/unloading, sonication, and folding, with the corresponding iPLEDs displaying a brightness as high as 2300 candela per square meter. By using photolithography and brush painting, arbitrary emitting patterns can be generated via a noninvasive and mask-free process with individual pixel resolution of 10 μm. Our vertical nanoscaffold iPLED can be supported on flexible polyimide foils and be recycled multiple times by washing and refilling with a different conjugated polymer capable of emitting light of different color. This technology combines the traits required for the next generation of high-resolution flexible displays and multifunctional optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yao
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kuidong Wang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicholas Turetta
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefania Vitale
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bin Han
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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5
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Shen L, Lou R, Yin X. Asymmetrical interface design for unidirectional light extraction from spectrum conversion films. Opt Express 2022; 30:4642-4654. [PMID: 35209696 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a micro-sized photonic structure that extracts 89% of the intrinsic trapped photons from the spectrum conversion film into free space using the Monte-Carlo ray-tracing method. Furthermore, the spectrum of the spectral-shifting film can be accurately simulated based on a mean free path concept, providing the estimation of its overall performance including the external quantum efficiency and the self-absorption efficiency. The simulations show that the spectrum conversion film with micro-structures shows a two-fold increase in the total external quantum efficiency and a four-fold increase in the external quantum efficiency in the forward viewing direction compared to the planar spectrum conversion films without micro-structures.
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6
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Fu Y, Liu H, Yang D, Ma D, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Boosting external quantum efficiency to 38.6% of sky-blue delayed fluorescence molecules by optimizing horizontal dipole orientation. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj2504. [PMID: 34669483 PMCID: PMC8528420 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To achieve high electroluminescence efficiency, great efforts are devoted to enhancing photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) and exciton utilization of luminescent molecule, while another important factor, light out-coupling efficiency (ηout), receives less attention in molecule design. Here, we focus on horizontal dipole orientation engineering of the molecule to increase ηout and external quantum efficiency (ηext). A series of tailor-made luminescent molecules consisting of an electron-accepting carbonyl core plus double electron-donating groups of spiro[acridine-9,9′-fluorene] and carbazole derivatives [e.g., 1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene] are developed and systematically investigated. These molecules hold distinguished merits of strong sky-blue delayed fluorescence with excellent ΦPL values, large horizontal dipole ratios, and balanced bipolar carrier transport, which furnish record-high ηext values of up to 26.1 and 38.6% in nondoped and doped sky-blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), respectively. Moreover, the state-of-the-art nondoped hybrid white OLED and all-fluorescence single-emitting layer white OLED are also realized, demonstrating great potentials in OLED industry of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou Development District, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510530, China
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Li J, Hu Y, Yu L, Li L, Ji D, Li L, Hu W, Fuchs H. Recent Advances of Nanospheres Lithography in Organic Electronics. Small 2021; 17:e2100724. [PMID: 34018680 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanospheres lithography (NSL) is an economical technique, which makes use of highly monodispersed nanospheres such as deposition or etch masks for generating patterns with nanoscale features. Embedding nanostructures into organic electronic devices can endow them with unique capabilities and enhanced performance, which have greatly advanced the development of organic electronics. In this review, a brief summary of the methods for the preparation of monodispersed nanospheres is presented. Afterward, the authors highlight the recent advances of a wide variety of applications of nanospheres lithography in organic electronic devices. Finally, the challenges in this field are pointed out, and the future development of this field is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yongxu Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Li Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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8
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Chen M, Xue T, Tian Q, Xu Z, Liu SF. Tapered Coaxial Arrays for Photon- and Plasmon-Enhanced Light Harvesting in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Theoretical Investigation Using the Finite Element Method. Chempluschem 2021; 86:858-864. [PMID: 34110717 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although there have been reports of separate studies of photon-enhanced and plasmon-enhanced light harvesting to improve perovskite solar cell (PSC) efficiency, there are none that have achieved simultaneous enhancement in both photonic and plasmonic effects in PSCs. In this work, we designed a layer of tapered coaxial humps (TCHs) to harvest both in PSCs. The light absorption behavior of the textured perovskite layer in PSCs was systematically investigated through the finite element method (FEM). The calculation results show that the TCH-textured perovskite layer absorbs 67.6 % of visible light under AM 1.5G solar irradiation, a 21.8 % increase relative to the planar reference cell without TCHs. Using this design, a perovskite thickness of only 106 nm is needed to realize the full light absorption that normally requires 300-nm-thick perovskite without TCHs. To reveal the mechanism of light absorption enhancement, the specific field distributions were studied. We demonstrated that different photonic modes and plasmonic modes collectively result in remarkable light absorption enhancement in the 500-800 nm wavelength range. The textured PSCs reported herein provide an effective method to decrease Pb-based perovskite consumption and realize angle-insensitive and ultrathin PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
- College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Tailin Xue
- College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Qingwen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
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9
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Han Y, Cao Y, Bolisetty S, Tian T, Handschin S, Lu C, Mezzenga R. Amyloid Fibril-Templated High-Performance Conductive Aerogels with Sensing Properties. Small 2020; 16:e2004932. [PMID: 33090676 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils have garnered increasing attention as viable building blocks for functional material design and synthesis, especially those derived from food and agricultural wastes. Here, amyloid fibrils generated from β-lactoglobulin, a by-product from cheese industries, have been successfully used as a template for the design of a new class of high-performance conductive aerogels with sensing properties. These mechanically stable aerogels with three-dimensional porous architecture have a large surface area (≈159 m2 g-1), low density (≈0.044 g cm-3), and high electrical conductivity (≈0.042 S cm-1). A pressure sensing device is developed from these aerogels based on their combined electrical conductivity and compressible properties. More interestingly, these aerogels can be employed to design novel enzyme sensors by exploiting the proteinaceous nature of amyloid fibrils. This study expands the scope of structured amyloid fibrils as scaffolds for in situ polymerization of conducting polymers, offering new opportunities to design materials with multiple functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Han
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yiping Cao
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sreenath Bolisetty
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
- BluAct Technologies GmbH, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Handschin
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Canhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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Yeom S, Kim H, Kim K, Joo CW, Cho H, Cho H, Choi S, Lee WJ, Jung YS, Kwon BH, Na JH. Surface wrinkle formation by liquid crystalline polymers for significant light extraction enhancement on quantum dot light-emitting diodes. Opt Express 2020; 28:26519-26530. [PMID: 32906924 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose an optimal outcoupling structure of a quantum-dot light-emitting diode (QLED) and present material properties based on numerical calculations via the ray-tracing method, in which light extraction properties are obtained according to the surface wrinkles on a substrate. After analyzing the designed microstructure elements, the optimal model was derived and applied to the QLEDs; consequently, the outcoupling efficiency enhanced by 31%. The liquid crystalline polymer forming the random surface wrinkles not only achieves an excellent light extraction through plasma crosslinking but also facilitates large-area processes. We propose an optical design rule for high-efficiency QLED design by analyzing the electro-optical efficiency, emission spectrum, and angular radiation pattern of the optical device.
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11
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Cao L, Huang Q, Cui J, Lin H, Li W, Lin Z, Zhang P. Rapid and Facile Synthesis of High-Performance Silver Nanowires by A Halide-Mediated, Modified Polyol Method for Transparent Conductive Films. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10061139. [PMID: 32526994 PMCID: PMC7353346 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanowires are receiving increasing attention as a kind of prospective transparent and conductive material. Here, we successfully synthesized high-performance silver nanowires with a significantly decreased reaction time by a modified polyol method. The synthesis process involved the addition of halides, including NaCl and NaBr, to control the release rate of Ag+ ions, as Cl- and Br- ions react with Ag+ ions to form AgCl and AgBr with different solubilities. As a result, Ag+ ions could be slowly released by graded dissolution, and the formation of silver nanowires was promoted. The results showed that the concentration of the added halides played an important role in the morphology of the final product. High-quality silver nanowires with an average diameter of 70 nm and average length of 21 μm were obtained by optimizing the reaction parameters. Afterwards, a simple silver nanowire coating was applied in order to fabricate the transparent conductive films. The film that was based on the silver nanowires provided a transmittance of 91.2% at the 550 nm light wavelength and a sheet resistance of about 78.5 Ω·sq-1, which is promising for applications in flexible and transparent optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Qin Huang
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Jie Cui
- Analytical and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Huaijun Lin
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Zhidan Lin
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (P.Z.); Tel.: +86-020-8522-3562 (P.Z.); Fax: +86-020-8522-0890 (Z.L.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (P.Z.); Tel.: +86-020-8522-3562 (P.Z.); Fax: +86-020-8522-0890 (Z.L.)
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Kim JG, Hwang Y, Hwang H, Choi JH, Park YW, Ju BK. Enhanced optical efficiency and color purity for organic light-emitting diodes by finely optimizing parameters of nanoscale low-refractive index grid. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5631. [PMID: 32221358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To extract the confined waveguided light in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), inserting a low refractive index (RI) periodic structure between the anode and organic layer has been widely investigated as a promising technology. However, the periodic-structure-based light extraction applied inside devices has been shown to severely distort spectrum and affect EL characteristics. In this study, a simple light extraction technology using periodic low-RI nanodot array (NDA) as internal light extraction layer has been demonstrated. The NDA was fabricated simply via laser interference lithography (LIL). The structural parameters of periodic pattern, distance, and height were easily controlled by the LIL process. From computational analysis using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, the NDA with 300 nm pitch and 0.3 coverage ratio per unit cell with 60 nm height showed the highest enhancement with spectral-distortion-minimized characteristics. Through both computational and experimental systematic analysis on the structural parameters of low-RI NDA-embedded OLEDs, highly efficient OLEDs have been fabricated. Finally, as representative indicators, hexagonal and rectangular positioned NDA-embedded OLEDs showed highly improved external quantum efficiencies of 2.44 (+29.55%) and 2.77 (+57.38%), respectively. Furthermore, the disadvantage originating from the nanoscale surface roughness on the transparent conductive oxide was minimized.
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13
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Li Y, Kovačič M, Westphalen J, Oswald S, Ma Z, Hänisch C, Will PA, Jiang L, Junghaehnel M, Scholz R, Lenk S, Reineke S. Tailor-made nanostructures bridging chaos and order for highly efficient white organic light-emitting diodes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2972. [PMID: 31278271 PMCID: PMC6611821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) suffer from notorious light trapping, resulting in only moderate external quantum efficiencies. Here, we report a facile, scalable, lithography-free method to generate controllable nanostructures with directional randomness and dimensional order, significantly boosting the efficiency of white OLEDs. Mechanical deformations form on the surface of poly(dimethylsiloxane) in response to compressive stress release, initialized by reactive ions etching with periodicity and depth distribution ranging from dozens of nanometers to micrometers. We demonstrate the possibility of independently tuning the average depth and the dominant periodicity. Integrating these nanostructures into a two-unit tandem white organic light-emitting diode, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 76.3% and a luminous efficacy of 95.7 lm W-1 are achieved with extracted substrate modes. The enhancement factor of 1.53 ± 0.12 at 10,000 cd m-2 is obtained. An optical model is built by considering the dipole orientation, emitting wavelength, and the dipole position on the sinusoidal nanotexture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungui Li
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Milan Kovačič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasper Westphalen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP, Winterbergstraße 28, Dresden, 01277, Germany
| | - Steffen Oswald
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Hänisch
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul-Anton Will
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lihui Jiang
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Manuela Junghaehnel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP, Winterbergstraße 28, Dresden, 01277, Germany
| | - Reinhard Scholz
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Simone Lenk
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reineke
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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14
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Texidó R, Anguera G, Colominas S, Borrós S, Sánchez-García D. Extended 2,2'-Bipyrroles: New Monomers for Conjugated Polymers with Tailored Processability. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1068. [PMID: 31226800 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 2,2′-bipyrroles substituted at positions 5,5′ with pyrrolyl, N-methyl-pyrrolyl and thienyl groups and their application in the preparation of conducting polymers is reported herein. The preparation of these monomers consisted of two synthetic steps from a functionalized 2,2′-bipyrrole: Bromination of the corresponding 2,2′-bipyrrole followed by Suzuki or Stille couplings. These monomers display low oxidation potential compared to pyrrole because of the extended length of their conjugation pathway. The resulting monomers can be polymerized through oxidative/electropolymerization. Electrical conductivity and electrochromic properties of the electrodeposited polymeric films were evaluated using 4-point probe measurements and cyclic voltammetry to evaluate their applicability in electronics.
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15
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Huang J, Zheng D, Peng B, Kong M, Hang Y, Ma J, Jia X. Unlocking the action mechanisms of molecular nonlinear optical absorption for optical conjugated polymers under aggregation states. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the molecular microstructure and the molecular aggregation state under different conditions to improve the MNOA performance of OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- PR China
| | - Dong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- PR China
| | - Bang'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- PR China
| | - Menghao Kong
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yixiao Hang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- PR China
| | - Xudong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- PR China
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16
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Salles P, Quain E, Kurra N, Sarycheva A, Gogotsi Y. Automated Scalpel Patterning of Solution Processed Thin Films for Fabrication of Transparent MXene Microsupercapacitors. Small 2018; 14:e1802864. [PMID: 30286277 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple and generic strategy is proposed to pattern thin films deposited by a solution processable route. A soft approach based on an automated scalpel technique is developed to engrave thin films in a single step for sculpting functional planar devices. MXenes-the emerging family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides-combine metallic conductivity and hydrophilicity, enabling solution processing of transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) under ambient conditions. Scalable dip coating is employed to process titanium carbide, Ti3 C2 , MXene thin films with excellent optoelectronic properties, achieving electrical Figure of merit up to 14. Automated scalpel engraving is adopted to fabricate transparent and semi-transparent MXene microsupercapacitors in a single step, hitherto not reported. Combining TCE and pseudocapacitive characteristics, MXene devices show excellent capacitive storage capabilities at high rates, without the aid of external metal current collectors. This technique allows for maskless patterning of solution processed thin films without losing intrinsic physicochemical properties and can be extended to fabricate heterostructured hybrid devices out of solution processable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Salles
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Evan Quain
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Narendra Kurra
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Asia Sarycheva
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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17
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Chen Y, Lee W, Chen Y, Lin C, Wen S, Jiao M, Su G, Lin HY, Visser RJ, Kwak BL, Chen C, Lin W, Wang S, Chang C, Wu C. A Vision toward Ultimate Optical Out-Coupling for Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays: 3D Pixel Configuration. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2018; 5:1800467. [PMID: 30356985 PMCID: PMC6193169 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite stringent power consumption requirements in many applications, over years organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays still suffer unsatisfactory energy efficiency due to poor light extraction. Approaches have been reported for OLED light out-coupling, but they in general are not applicable for OLED displays due to difficulties in display image quality and fabrication complexity and compatibility. Thus to date, an effective and feasible light extraction technique that can boost efficiencies and yet keep image quality is still lacking and remains a great challenge. Here, a highly effective and scalable extraction-enhancing OLED display pixel structure is proposed based on embedding the OLED inside a three-dimensional reflective concave structure covered with a patterned high-index filler. It can couple as much internal emission as possible into the filler region and then redirect otherwise confined light for out-coupling. Comprehensive multi-scale optical simulation validates that ultimately high light extraction efficiency approaching ≈80% and excellent viewing characteristics are simultaneously achievable with optimized structures using highly transparent top electrodes. This scheme is scalable and wavelength insensitive, and generally applicable to all red, green, and blue pixels in high-resolution full-color displays. Results of this work are believed to shed light on the development of future generations of advanced OLED displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Jiun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and OptoelectronicsGraduate Institute of Electronics EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Kai Lee
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and OptoelectronicsGraduate Institute of Electronics EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and OptoelectronicsGraduate Institute of Electronics EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and OptoelectronicsGraduate Institute of Electronics EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
| | - Sheng‐Wen Wen
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and OptoelectronicsGraduate Institute of Electronics EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
| | - Min Jiao
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and OptoelectronicsGraduate Institute of Electronics EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
| | - Guo‐Dong Su
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and OptoelectronicsGraduate Institute of Electronics EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
| | - Hoang Yan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and OptoelectronicsGraduate Institute of Electronics EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Wan‐Yu Lin
- Applied Materials, Inc.Santa Clara, CA95052USA
| | - Steve Wang
- Applied Materials, Inc.Santa Clara, CA95052USA
| | | | - Chung‐Chih Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and OptoelectronicsGraduate Institute of Electronics EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
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18
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Wang L, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wang B, Fang L, Qiu J, Zhang K, Wang S. Exceptional thermoelectric properties of flexible organic-inorganic hybrids with monodispersed and periodic nanophase. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3817. [PMID: 30232323 PMCID: PMC6145921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible organic−inorganic hybrids are promising thermoelectric materials to recycle waste heat in versatile formats. However, current organic/inorganic hybrids suffer from inferior thermoelectric properties due to aggregate nanostructures. Here we demonstrate flexible organic−inorganic hybrids where size-tunable Bi2Te3 nanoparticles are discontinuously monodispersed in the continuous conductive polymer phase, completely distinct from traditional bi-continuous hybrids. Periodic nanofillers significantly scatter phonons while continuous conducting polymer phase provides favored electronic transport, resulting in ultrahigh power factor of ~1350 μW m−1 K−2 and ultralow in-plane thermal conductivity of ~0.7 W m−1 K−1. Consequently, figure-of-merit (ZT) of 0.58 is obtained at room temperature, outperforming all reported organic materials and organic−inorganic hybrids. Thermoelectric properties of as-fabricated hybrids show negligible change for bending 100 cycles, indicating superior mechanical flexibility. These findings provide significant scientific foundation for shaping flexible thermoelectric functionality via synergistic integration of organic and inorganic components. The potential of flexible organic/inorganic hybrids for thermoelectrics is limited by the inability to control their microstructure. Here, the authors demonstrate polymer-nanoparticle hybrids with a monodispersed, periodic nanophase that shows high thermoelectric performance at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zimeng Zhang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Biran Wang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jingjing Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 77409, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiren Wang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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19
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Zhang J, Lou Y, Liu M, Zhou H, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Shi L, Li D, Yuan S. High-Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Colloid-Solution Deposition Planarized Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Substrates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:15697-15703. [PMID: 29637766 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The transmittance and conductivity of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glasses are the critical factors limiting the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Here, the transmittance and conductivity of commercial FTO glasses were improved via a colloid-solution deposition planarization (CSDP) process. The process includes two steps. First, the FTO nanocrystal colloid was deposited on the FTO glasses by spin-coating. Secondly, the coated glasses were treated by FTO precursor solution. Compared to the bare FTO glasses, the modified FTO glasses by the CSDP process achieved 4% increase in transmittance (at 550 nm) and 11% decrease in sheet resistance, respectively. In addition, the modified FTO glasses can reduce the aggregation of Pt nanoparticles and improve the electrocatalytic activity of Pt counter electrodes. When the modified FTO glasses were used to assemble DSSCs, the cells got a photoelectric conversion efficiency as high as 9.37%. In contrast, the efficiency of reference cells using bare FTO substrates was about 8.24%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyin Zhang
- Laboratory for Microstructures and Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Yanyan Lou
- Laboratory for Microstructures and Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Laboratory for Microstructures and Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Hualan Zhou
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Laboratory for Microstructures and Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Zhuyi Wang
- Laboratory for Microstructures and Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Liyi Shi
- Laboratory for Microstructures and Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Division of Energy & Environment Research, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Laboratory for Microstructures and Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
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20
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Sarma M, Tsai WL, Lee WK, Chi Y, Wu CC, Liu SH, Chou PT, Wong KT. Anomalously Long-Lasting Blue PhOLED Featuring Phenyl-Pyrimidine Cyclometalated Iridium Emitter. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Gim S, Lee I, Park JY, Lee JL. Spontaneously Embedded Scattering Structures in a Flexible Substrate for Light Extraction. Small 2017; 13:1604168. [PMID: 28464506 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201604168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A flexible hazy substrate (FHS) with embedded air bubbles to increase light extraction efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is reported. In order to embed the air bubbles in the flexible substrate, micropatterned substrates are fabricated by plasma treatment, and then coated with a planarization layer. During the planarization layer coating, air bubbles are trapped between the substrate and the planarization layer. The haze of the FHS can be controlled from 1.7% to 68.4% by changing the size of micropatterns by adjusting the plasma treatment time. The FHS shows average haze of 68.4%, average total transmittance of 90.3%, and extremely flat surface with average roughness (R a ) of 1.2 nm. Rigorous coupled-wave analysis and finite-difference time-domain simulations are conducted to demonstrate that the air bubbles in the substrate can effectively extract photons that are trapped in the substrate. The FHS increases the power efficiency of OLEDs by 22% and further increases by 91% combined with an external extraction layer. Moreover, the FHS has excellent mechanical flexibility. No defect has been observed after 10 000 bending cycles at bending radius of 4 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungo Gim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk-do, Pohang-si, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Illhwan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk-do, Pohang-si, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk-do, Pohang-si, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lam Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyeongbuk-do, Pohang-si, 37673, Republic of Korea
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22
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Yu Y, Li Y, Wang X, Nian H, Wang L, Li J, Zhao Y, Yang X, Liu S, Cao L. Cucurbit[10]uril-Based [2]Rotaxane: Preparation and Supramolecular Assembly-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5590-5596. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Li
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Hao Nian
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiran Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Simin Liu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, P. R. China
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23
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Abstract
The spatially and spectrally resolved photoluminescence (PL) of the archetypical molecular dye ZnPc in periodically ordered organic-silver nanocavities (NC) is investigated by confocal microscopy. The presented approach of long-range ordered pillar structures prepared by nanosphere lithography not only combines the advantages of nanopatterning and localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) to improve the light out-coupling efficiency in metal-organic hybrid assemblies, but allows for distinction between geometrical and plasmonic contributions to the PL enhancement, the latter supported by complementary finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) simulations. Supplementary time-resolved optical measurements indicate exciton lifetime reduction by at least one order of magnitude to be the main mechanism for PL increase amongst the improvement of geometrical out-coupling.
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24
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Park YS, Han KH, Kim J, Cho DH, Lee J, Han Y, Lim JT, Cho NS, Yu B, Lee JI, Kim JJ. Crystallization-assisted nano-lens array fabrication for highly efficient and color stable organic light emitting diodes. Nanoscale 2017; 9:230-236. [PMID: 27906406 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07798f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, all deposition equipment has been developed to produce planar films. Thus lens arrays with a lens diameter of <1 mm have been manufactured by combining deposition with other technologies, such as masks, surface treatment, molding etc. Furthermore, a nano-lens array (NLA) with a sufficiently small lens diameter (<1 μm) is necessary to avoid image quality degradation in high resolution displays. In this study, an organic NLA made using a conventional deposition technique - without combining with other techniques - is reported. Very interestingly, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GI-SAXS) experiments indicate that the NLA is formed by the crystallization of organic molecules and the resulting increase in surface tension. The lens diameter can be tuned for use with any kind of light by controlling the process parameters. As an example of their potential applications, we use NLAs as a light extraction film for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The NLA is integrated by directly depositing it on the top electrode of a collection of OLEDs. This is a dry process, meaning that it is fully compatible with the current OLED production process. Devices with NLAs exhibited a light extraction efficiency 1.5 times higher than devices without, which corresponds well with simulation results. The simulations show that this high efficiency is due to the reduction of the guided modes by scattering at the NLA. The NLAs also reduce image blurring, indicating that they increase color stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sam Park
- Flexible Information Device Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Qiao W, Huang W, Liu Y, Li X, Chen LS, Tang JX. Toward Scalable Flexible Nanomanufacturing for Photonic Structures and Devices. Adv Mater 2016; 28:10353-10380. [PMID: 27976840 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous and scalable nanopatterning over flexible substrates is highly desirable for both commercial and scientific interests, but is difficult to realize with traditional photolithographic processes. The recent advancements in nanofabrication methodologies enable light management with photonic structures on flexible materials, providing an increasingly popular strategy to control the light harvesting in the optoelectronic devices of photovoltaics, and in organic and inorganic light-emitting diodes. Here, the current status of nanopatterning technologies for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices is summarized. Scalable nanopatterning technologies for nanomanufacturing on flexible materials are emphasized. Critical challenges in various patterning techniques when considering the resolution, scalability, processing throughput, and the use of masks and resists are addressed. The integration of flexible nanopatterned substrates with light manipulation in organic optoelectronic devices is also discussed; this enables the control of light flux and spectra. Finally, potential development directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Micro-/Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710049, China
| | - Lin-Sen Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- LePing Yu
- Centre for Nanoscale Science
and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia 5042
| | - Cameron Shearer
- Centre for Nanoscale Science
and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia 5042
| | - Joseph Shapter
- Centre for Nanoscale Science
and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia 5042
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27
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Qiu T, Luo B, Ali F, Jaatinen E, Wang L, Wang H. Metallic Nanomesh with Disordered Dual-Size Apertures As Wide-Viewing-Angle Transparent Conductive Electrode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:22768-22773. [PMID: 27541186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of display-related markets, transparent conductive films (TCFs) with wide viewing angles, high transmittance and low sheet resistance are in high demand. However, as a promising TCF material, metallic membranes with a submicrometer-sized periodicity pattern fabricated by currently available techniques always reveal the angle-dependent structure color which can be a major issue in the development of wide-angle viewing display-related applications. In this work, we demonstrate an Au nanomesh with disordered dual-size apertures as a novel TCF with wide viewing angles which is made via a modified nanosphere lithography technique. The as-prepared Au nanomesh film shows good optoelectronic properties (Rs = 160 Ω sq(-1), T = 80%; Rs = 8 Ω sq(-1), T = 57%) that are similar to the Au nanomesh with single size apertures, while the former exhibits excellent wide-angle viewing performance. There is no obvious change in the film when the viewing angle, the light incidence angle or the orientation of substrate vary in the range of 0-90°. In contrast, a rainbow color is observed with the film with ordered single-size apertures. Electrochromic devices based on the novel metallic film show more uniform color distribution than the devices based on metallic film with ordered single-size apertures under indoor natural light irradiation. These findings demonstrate the applicability of the Au nanomesh film with dual-size apertures in enhancing display quality of high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Qiu
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Bin Luo
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Fawad Ali
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Esa Jaatinen
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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28
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Lin TA, Chatterjee T, Tsai WL, Lee WK, Wu MJ, Jiao M, Pan KC, Yi CL, Chung CL, Wong KT, Wu CC. Sky-Blue Organic Light Emitting Diode with 37% External Quantum Efficiency Using Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Spiroacridine-Triazine Hybrid. Adv Mater 2016; 28:6976-83. [PMID: 27271917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Extremely efficient sky-blue organic electroluminescence with external quantum efficiency of ≈37% is achieved in a conventional planar device structure, using a highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter based on the spiroacridine-triazine hybrid and simultaneously possessing nearly unitary (100%) photoluminescence quantum yield, excellent thermal stability, and strongly horizontally oriented emitting dipoles (with a horizontal dipole ratio of 83%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jung Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chung Pan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Yi
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lung Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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29
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Lee K, Shin JW, Park JH, Lee J, Joo CW, Lee JI, Cho DH, Lim JT, Oh MC, Ju BK, Moon J. A Light Scattering Layer for Internal Light Extraction of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Silver Nanowires. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:17409-17415. [PMID: 27314500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose and fabricate a random light scattering layer for light extraction in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with silver nanodots, which were obtained by melting silver nanowires. The OLED with the light scattering layer as an internal light extraction structure was enhanced by 49.1% for the integrated external quantum efficiency (EQE). When a wrinkle structure is simultaneously used for an external light extraction structure, the total enhancement of the integrated EQE was 65.3%. The EQE is maximized to 65.3% at a current level of 2.0 mA/cm(2). By applying an internal light scattering layer and wrinkle structure to an OLED, the variance in the emission spectra was negligible over a broad viewing angle. Power mode analyses with finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations revealed that the use of a scattering layer effectively reduced the waveguiding mode while introducing non-negligible absorption. Our method offers an effective yet simple approach to achieve both efficiency enhancement and spectral stability for a wide range of OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunsoo Lee
- Soft I/O Interface Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Shin
- Soft I/O Interface Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jun-Hwan Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University , Pusan (Busan) 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghee Lee
- Soft I/O Interface Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woong Joo
- Soft I/O Interface Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ik Lee
- Soft I/O Interface Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Hee Cho
- Soft I/O Interface Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Tae Lim
- Soft I/O Interface Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Oh
- School of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University , Pusan (Busan) 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Kwon Ju
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Moon
- Soft I/O Interface Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
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30
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Chen CY, Chen YJ, Lee WK, Lu CY, Lin HY, Wu CC. Analyses of optical out-coupling of organic light-emitting devices having micromesh indium tin oxide and conducting polymer as composite transparent electrode. Opt Express 2016; 24:A810-A822. [PMID: 27409954 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.00a810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report the characterization and analyses of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) using microstructured composite transparent electrodes consisting of the high-index ITO (indium tin oxide) micromesh and the low-index conducting polymer PEDOT PSS [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)], that are fabricated by the facile and convenient microsphere lithography and are useful for enhancing light extraction. The rigorous electromagnetic simulation based on the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was conducted to study optical properties and mechanisms in such devices. It provides a different but consistent viewpoint/insight of how this microstructured electrode enhances optical out-coupling of OLEDs, compared to that provided by ray optics simulation in previous works. Both experimental and simulation studies indicate such a microstructured electrode effectively enhances coupling of internal radiation into the substrate, compared to devices with the typical planar ITO electrode. By combining this internal extraction structure and the external extraction scheme (e.g. by attaching extraction lens) to further extract radiation into the substrate, a rather high external quantum efficiency of 46.8% was achieved with green phosphorescent OLEDs, clearly manifesting its high potential.
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31
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Lee C, Han KH, Kim KH, Kim JJ. Direct formation of nano-pillar arrays by phase separation of polymer blend for the enhanced out-coupling of organic light emitting diodes with low pixel blurring. Opt Express 2016; 24:A488-A496. [PMID: 27136869 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.00a488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated a simple and efficient method to fabricate OLEDs with enhanced out-coupling efficiencies and with low pixel blurring by inserting nano-pillar arrays prepared through the lateral phase separation of two immiscible polymers in a blend film. By selecting a proper solvent for the polymer and controlling the composition of the polymer blend, the nano-pillar arrays were formed directly after spin-coating of the polymer blend and selective removal of one phase, needing no complicated processes such as nano-imprint lithography. Pattern size and distribution were easily controlled by changing the composition and thickness of the polymer blend film. Phosphorescent OLEDs using the internal light extraction layer containing the nano-pillar arrays showed a 30% enhancement of the power efficiency, no spectral variation with the viewing angle, and only a small increment in pixel blurring. With these advantages, this newly developed method can be adopted for the commercial fabrication process of OLEDs for lighting and display applications.
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32
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Xu LH, Ou QD, Li YQ, Zhang YB, Zhao XD, Xiang HY, Chen JD, Zhou L, Lee ST, Tang JX. Microcavity-Free Broadband Light Outcoupling Enhancement in Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Nanostructured Transparent Metal-Dielectric Composite Electrodes. ACS Nano 2016; 10:1625-32. [PMID: 26687488 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) hold great promise for future bendable display and curved lighting applications. One key challenge of high-performance flexible OLEDs is to develop new flexible transparent conductive electrodes with superior mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. Herein, an effective nanostructured metal/dielectric composite electrode on a plastic substrate is reported by combining a quasi-random outcoupling structure for broadband and angle-independent light outcoupling of white emission with an ultrathin metal alloy film for optimum optical transparency, electrical conduction, and mechanical flexibility. The microcavity effect and surface plasmonic loss can be remarkably reduced in white flexible OLEDs, resulting in a substantial increase in the external quantum efficiency and power efficiency to 47.2% and 112.4 lm W(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Hai Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qing-Dong Ou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi-Bo Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin-Dong Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Heng-Yang Xiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing-De Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuit-Tong Lee
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
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