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Xie JX, Lee CC, Huang LM, Lin HT, Luo D, Hsieh CH, Liu SW, Chen CH. Positional Isomeric Cyano-Substituted Bis(2-phenylpyridine)(acetylacetonate)iridium Complexes for Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Extended Color Range. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:44022-44032. [PMID: 37622729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Bis(2-phenylpyridine)(acetylacetonate)iridium, Ir(ppy)2(acac), is a benchmark green emitter for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). In this work, we reported three positional isomeric cyano-substituted Ir(ppy)2(acac) complexes, i.e., Ir(3-CN), Ir(4-CN), and Ir(10-CN), with the emission in the yellow to red region (544-625 nm). Through theoretical investigation and single-crystal analysis, it was found that the introduction of cyano substitution at various positions of the ppy ligand allows for tuning the electron distribution and coordination bond length of Ir complexes. Therefore, the charge transfer property of Ir complexes is enhanced such that the energy gap of the cyano-substituted Ir(ppy)2(acac) complexes was reduced. In addition, Ir(3-CN), Ir(4-CN), and Ir(10-CN) exhibited high PLQYs of 83, 54, and 75%, respectively, with the phosphorescence lifetime in the range of 0.79-2.08 μs. Notably, the device utilizing Ir(3-CN) as the emitter exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.4%, current efficiency of 56.9 cd A-1, power efficiency of 68.7 lm W-1, and brightness of 61,340 cd m-2 at 8 V. The EQE of this device remained 24.3 and 19.9% at luminances of 1,000 and 10,000 cd m-2, corresponding to the efficiency roll-off of 4.3 and 21.7%, respectively. Comparing to the Ir complexes using the ligand with an extended conjugated structure, our results demonstrated a simple molecular design strategy for phosphorescence emitters with reduced molecular weight for efficient PhOLEDs in the yellow to red color region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xun Xie
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Ming Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Teng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Dian Luo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Wei Liu
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
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Shih CJ, Huang YC, Wang TY, Yu CW, Hsu IS, Akbar AK, Lin JY, Biring S, Lee JH, Liu SW. Transparent organic upconversion devices displaying high-resolution, single-pixel, low-power infrared images perceived by human vision. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd7526. [PMID: 37126555 PMCID: PMC10132748 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add7526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline photodiodes remain the most viable infrared sensing technology of choice, yet the opacity and the limitation in pixel size reduction per se restrict their development for supporting high-resolution in situ infrared images. In this work, we propose an all-organic non-fullerene-based upconversion device that brings invisible infrared signal into human vision via exciplex cohost light-emissive system. The device reaches an infrared-to-visible upconversion efficiency of 12.56% by resolving the 940-nm infrared signal (power density of 103.8 μW cm-2). We tailor a semitransparent (AVT, ~60%), large-area (10.35 cm2), lightweight (22.91 g), single-pixel upconversion panel to visualize the infrared power density down to 0.75 μW cm2, inferring a bias-switching linear dynamic range approaching 80 dB. We also demonstrate the possibility of visualizing low-intensity infrared signals from the Face ID and LiDAR, which should fill the gap in the existing technology based on pixelated complementary metal-oxide semiconductors with optical lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jen Shih
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Organic Electronics Research Center and Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Huang
- Organic Electronics Research Center and Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yung Wang
- Organic Electronics Research Center and Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Yu
- Organic Electronics Research Center and Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - I-Sheng Hsu
- Organic Electronics Research Center and Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Abdul Khalik Akbar
- Organic Electronics Research Center and Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Yi Lin
- Organic Electronics Research Center and Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Sajal Biring
- Organic Electronics Research Center and Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Haw Lee
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Wei Liu
- Organic Electronics Research Center and Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
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3
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Zhao H, Kim J, Ding K, Jung M, Li Y, Ade H, Lee JY, Forrest SR. Control of Host-Matrix Morphology Enables Efficient Deep-Blue Organic Light-Emitting Devices. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2210794. [PMID: 36638153 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mixing a sterically bulky, electron-transporting host material into a conventional single host-guest emissive layer is demonstrated to suppress phase separation of the host matrix while increasing the efficiency and operational lifetime of deep-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) with chromaticity coordinates of (0.14, 0.15). The bulky host enables homogenous mixing of the molecules comprising the emissive layer while suppressing single host aggregation; a significant loss channel of nonradiative recombination. By controlling the amorphous phase of the host-matrix morphology, the mixed-host device achieves a significant reduction in nonradiative exciton decay, resulting in 120 ± 6% increase in external quantum efficiency relative to an analogous, single-host device. In contrast to single host PHOLEDs where electrons are transported by the host and holes by the dopants, both charge carriers are conducted by the mixed host, reducing the probability of exciton annihilation, thereby doubling of the deep-blue PHOLED operational lifetime. These findings demonstrate that the host matrix morphology affects almost every aspect of PHOLED performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jongchan Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mina Jung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 03063, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongxi Li
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jun Yeob Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 03063, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen R Forrest
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Cao HT, Hou PF, Yu WJ, Gao Y, Li B, Feng QY, Zhang H, Wang SS, Su ZM, Xie LH. Enhanced Efficiency of Exciplex Emission from a 9-Phenylfluorene Derivative. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:7236-7246. [PMID: 36700822 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The exciplex-thermally activated delayed fluorescence (exciplex-TADF) system is an excellent candidate for the fabrication of high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) because of its more easily achieved small singlet-triplet energy splitting (ΔEST) and doping control. However, exciplex-TADF is still faced with the problems of low external quantum efficiency (ηext) and unclear effect of structure modification in electron acceptors. Herein, we provide a steric hindrance increase strategy to obtain high-efficiency exciplex emissions. Through introducing a 9-phenylfluorene group into N-ethylcarbazole of the dicyano-substituted 9-phenylfluorene, an electron acceptor material with increased steric hindrance is obtained, which helps the exciplex harvest a larger driving force and higher emission efficiencies. Encouragingly, the obtained OLED displays a maximum ηext of 25.8%, which is one of the best efficiency values among reported exciplex-OLEDs, simultaneously possessing excellent current efficiency of 83.6 cd A-1 and power efficiency of 93.7 lm W-1. It is expected that this work will offer a new avenue for designing electron acceptors for highly efficient exciplex emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Cao
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Hou
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Yu
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Biomass Functional Materials Interdisciplinary Studies, Jilin Engineering Normal University, 3050 Kaixuan Road, Changchun 130052, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Quan-You Feng
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Hai Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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He Z, Du X, Zheng C, Yu X, Lin H, Tao S. High-Quality Artery Monitoring and Pathology Imaging Achieved by High-Performance Synchronous Electrical and Optical Output of Near-Infrared Organic Photodetector. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2203870. [PMID: 36403247 PMCID: PMC9839857 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared organic photodetectors (NIR-OPDs) are significant technologies in emerging biomedicine applications for uniquely wearable, noninvasive, low-cost advantages. However, biosignals are weak and changing rapidly so practical biodetection and bioimaging are still challenging for NIR-OPDs. Herein, high-performance NIR-OPDs with synchronous optical output are realized by recombining anode-injected electrons with photogenerated holes on emitters. Owing to high detection performance of 4.5 × 1012 Jones detectivity and 120 kHz -3 dB bandwidth, five arteries are monitored by transmission-type method and cardiac cycle is analyzed. Importantly, the synchronous optical output is direct emission demonstrating outstanding photon conversion efficiency approaching 20% and luminance signal-to-noise ratio over 8000. Consequently, pathology imaging is directly developed without complex readout circuits and arrays from which squamous metaplasia of cervix and carcinoma of large intestine are observed clearly. The NIR-OPD demonstrates strategies for high-performance synchronous electrical/optical output and directly imaging. Biomedicine applications implemented here are high level, representing important steps for NIR-OPDs toward providing clues for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu He
- School of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Du
- School of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Caijun Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Silu Tao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
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6
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Jin P, Zhou Z, Wang H, Hao J, Chen R, Wang J, Zhang C. Spin-Enhanced Reverse Intersystem Crossing and Electroluminescence in Copper Acetate-Doped Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2516-2522. [PMID: 35275641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are attractive for next-generation organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) because of their utilization of nonradiative triplets via reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), which requires not only a small singlet-triplet energy splitting but also the conservation of spin angular momentum. Here we use copper acetate as a spin sensitizer to facilitate RISC and thus enhance electroluminescence in TADF-exciplex OLEDs. Copper acetate is involved in the radiative decay process due to its coordination interaction with exciplex molecules having intermolecular charge-transfer characteristics, which causes significant changes in the photoluminescence intensity and lifetime. Meanwhile, magneto-photoluminescence reveals that the addition of copper acetate promotes spin conversion in the RISC process. It allows the enhancement of the electroluminescence (∼80%) from spin-sensitized OLEDs, accompanied by the suppression of magneto-electroluminescence upon the doping of copper acetate. These results illustrate that using a spin sensitizer may overcome the limitation of harvesting nonradiative triplets in organic luminescent materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinjie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Wu W, Guo X, Dai C, Zhou Z, Sun H, Zhong Y, Sheng H, Zhang C, Yao J. Magnetically Boosted Generation of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species toward Magneto-Photodynamic Therapy. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1895-1903. [PMID: 35230847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves excited-state intermediates with both singlet and triplet spin configurations, which provides possibilities to modulate the ROS production in PDT under an external magnetic field. Here, we present that magnetically modulated ROS production can promote PDT efficacy and develop a magnetic-field-assisted PDT (magneto-PDT) method for effectively and selectively killing cancer cells. The photosensitization reaction between excited-state riboflavin and oxygen molecules is influenced by the applied field, and the overall magnetic field effect (MFE) shows a moderate increase at a low field (<1000 G) and then a boost up to the saturation ∼100% at a high field (>1000 G). It is found that the spin precession occurring in radical ion pairs (electron transfer from riboflavin to oxygen) facilitates the O2•- generation at the low field. In comparison, the spin splitting in an encounter complex (energy transfer from riboflavin to oxygen) benefits the production of 1O2 species at the high field. The field modulation on the two types of ROS in PDT, i.e., O2•- and 1O2, is also demonstrated in living cells. The magneto-PDT strategy shows the capability to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells (e.g., HeLa, RBL-2H3, and MCF-7) effectively and selectively, which reveals the potential of using the MFE on chemical reactions in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wubin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaomeng Guo
- Basic Medical Science, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Chenghu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yeteng Zhong
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Cao H, Hou P, Cao Q, Li Y, Wang S, Xie L. Exciplex Emission and Property Investigation Based on Cyano-substituted 9-Phenylfluorene Derivative. Acta Chimica Sinica 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22070335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Du X, Han J, He Z, Han C, Wang X, Wang J, Jiang Y, Tao S. Efficient Organic Upconversion Devices for Low Energy Consumption and High-Quality Noninvasive Imaging. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2102812. [PMID: 34402548 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Infrared upconversion devices (UCDs) enable low-cost visualization of infrared optical signals without utilizing a readout circuit, which is of great significance for biological recognition and noninvasive dynamic monitoring. However, UCDs suffer from inferior photon to photon (p-p) efficiency and high turn-on voltage (Von ) for upconversion operation, hindering a further expansion in highly resolved infrared imaging. Herein, an efficient organic UCD integrating an interfacial exciplex emitter and a well-designed near-infrared (NIR) detector reveals a high efficiency up to 12.92% and a low Von down to 1.56 V. The low Von gives the capacity for detecting weak NIR light down to 3.2 µW cm-2 , significantly expanding the detection power scale of UCDs. Thus, the imaging linear dynamic range (I-LDR) is highly bias-tunable, ranging from 13.23 to 84.4 dB. The high I-LDR enables highly resolved and strong-penetration bioimaging especially for thick biological sections, indicating great potential in noninvasive defect and pathological detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Du
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jiayue Han
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Zeyu He
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Chao Han
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Xiaomu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yadong Jiang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Silu Tao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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Xue J, Xu J, Ren J, Liang Q, Ou Q, Wang R, Shuai Z, Qiao J. Intermolecular charge-transfer aggregates enable high-efficiency near-infrared emissions by nonadiabatic coupling suppression. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Wang XQ, Hu Y, Yu YJ, Tian QS, Shen WS, Yang WY, Jiang ZQ, Liao LS. Over 800 nm Emission via Harvesting of Triplet Excitons in Exciplex Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6034-6040. [PMID: 34165312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triplet excitons can be utilized upon introduction of phosphors into exciplexes, and such a scenario has been studied in the development of high-performance near-infrared (NIR) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). To generate exciplexes in an emitting layer (EML) in the device, commercially available phosphors bis(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2')iridium(acetylacetonate) [Ir(ppy)2acac] and iridium(III) bis(4-phenylthieno[3,2-c]pyridinato-N,C2')acetylacetonate (PO-01) were selected as donor components; in addition, a new designed fluorescent molecule, 3-([1,1':3',1″-terphenyl]-5'-yl)acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline-9,10-dicarbonitrile (AQDC-tPh), and recently reported 3-([1,1':3',1″-terphenyl]-5'-yl)acenaphtho[1,2-b]pyrazine-8,9-dicarbonitrile (APDC-tPh) were selected as acceptor components. An OLED with PO-01:AQDC-tPh blends as the EML has realized NIR emission at 750 nm and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of >0.23%. Furthermore, an OLED containing a PO-01:APDC-tPh blend realizes a maximum EQE of 0.16% at 824 nm. The high performance of these devices underlying phosphor-based exciplexes proves the potential and feasibility of our strategy for the construction of efficient NIR OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - You-Jun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wan-Shan Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wan-Ying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, SAR 999078, China
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12
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Dou Y, Demangeat C, Wang M, Xu H, Dryzhakov B, Kim E, Le Bahers T, Lee KS, Attias AJ, Hu B. Spin-orbital coupling and slow phonon effects enabled persistent photoluminescence in organic crystal under isomer doping. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3485. [PMID: 34108487 PMCID: PMC8190285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
When periodically packing the intramolecular donor-acceptor structures to form ferroelectric-like lattice identified by second harmonic generation, our CD49 molecular crystal shows long-wavelength persistent photoluminescence peaked at 542 nm with the lifetime of 0.43 s, in addition to the short-wavelength prompt photoluminescence peaked at 363 nm with the lifetime of 0.45 ns. Interestingly, the long-wavelength persistent photoluminescence demonstrates magnetic field effects, showing as crystalline intermolecular charge-transfer excitons with singlet spin characteristics formed within ferroelectric-like lattice based on internal minority/majority carrier-balancing mechanism activated by isomer doping effects towards increasing electron-hole pairing probability. Our photoinduced Raman spectroscopy reveals the unusual slow relaxation of photoexcited lattice vibrations, indicating slow phonon effects occurring in ferroelectric-like lattice. Here, we show that crystalline intermolecular charge-transfer excitons are interacted with ferroelectric-like lattice, leading to exciton-lattice coupling within periodically packed intramolecular donor-acceptor structures to evolve ultralong-lived crystalline light-emitting states through slow phonon effects in ferroelectric light-emitting organic crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Dou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Catherine Demangeat
- Building Blocks for FUture Electronics Laboratory, IRL 2002, CNRS - Sorbonne Université -Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Miaosheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Hengxing Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bogdan Dryzhakov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Building Blocks for FUture Electronics Laboratory, IRL 2002, CNRS - Sorbonne Université -Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tangui Le Bahers
- Building Blocks for FUture Electronics Laboratory, IRL 2002, CNRS - Sorbonne Université -Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, Lyon, France
| | - Kwang-Sup Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - André-Jean Attias
- Building Blocks for FUture Electronics Laboratory, IRL 2002, CNRS - Sorbonne Université -Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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13
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Xing H, Li X, Zhang S, Li J, Tang B. Photoluminescence with an unusual open-loop and rigid delocalized conjugated structure in quantum dots. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 601:385-96. [PMID: 34087599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that almost all photoluminescent molecules are aromatic or heterocyclic ring compounds for bioimaging analysis. A question remains as to whether a breakthrough can be achieved regarding a novel photoluminescent molecule without a ring structure, and in a what manner. In this study, we explored the photoelectric conversion and structure of photoluminescent compounds, and constructed an intra-molecular coupling positive-negative-junction (PNJ) with an open-loop and rigid Π56 delocalized conjugated structure of the coupling p-π conjugate system. This was performed to enable strong absorption of the R/tail-end band for the high probability of an n → π*/n → σ* electron transition for photoluminescence production. Subsequently, the Π56 structure was formed in a short-chain aliphatic molecule as a hydrolytic product of citric acid and urea, and computational methodology was employed to estimate the feasibility of the molecule photoluminescence. Finally, a quantum dot material was fabricated from the aliphatic molecule, the optical properties of the quantum dots were investigated, and the biocompatibility and bioimaging ability of quantum dots were assessed. This work presents not only a theoretical exploration but also practical application of a new strategy to obtain molecules, compounds, and materials with bioimaging.
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Zhang M, Zheng CJ, Lin H, Tao SL. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence exciplex emitters for high-performance organic light-emitting diodes. Mater Horiz 2021; 8:401-425. [PMID: 34821262 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01245a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their natural thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics, the development of exciplex emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has witnessed booming progress in recent years. Formed between electron-donating and electron-accepting molecules, exciplexes with intermolecular charge transfer processes have unique advantages compared with unimolecular TADF materials, offering a new way to develop high-performance TADF emitters. In this review, a comprehensive overview of TADF exciplex emitters is presented with a focus on the relationship between the constituents of exciplexes and their electroluminescence performance. We summarize and discuss the latest and most significant developments of TADF exciplex emitters. Notably, the design principles of efficient TADF exciplex emitters are systematically categorized into three systems within this review. These progressive achievements of TADF exciplex emitters point out future challenges to trigger more research endeavors in this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China.
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15
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Zhang J, Zhu X, Wang M, Hu B. Establishing charge-transfer excitons in 2D perovskite heterostructures. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2618. [PMID: 32457289 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge-transfer excitons (CTEs) immensely enrich property-tuning capabilities of semiconducting materials. However, such concept has been remaining as unexplored topic within halide perovskite structures. Here, we report that CTEs can be effectively formed in heterostructured 2D perovskites prepared by mixing PEA2PbI4:PEA2SnI4, functioning as host and guest components. Remarkably, a broad emission can be demonstrated with quick formation of 3 ps but prolonged lifetime of ~0.5 μs. This broad PL presents the hypothesis of CTEs, verified by the exclusion of lattice distortion and doping effects through demonstrating double-layered PEA2PbI4/PEA2SnI4 heterostructure when shearing-away PEA2SnI4 film onto the surface of PEA2PbI4 film by using hand-finger pressing method. The below-bandgap photocurrent indicates that CTEs are vital states formed at PEA2PbI4:PEA2SnI4 interfaces in 2D perovskite heterostructures. Electroluminescence shows that CTEs can be directly formed with electrically injected carriers in perovskite LEDs. Clearly, the CTEs presents a new mechanism to advance the multifunctionalities in 2D perovskites. Forming charge transfer excitons (CTEs) exclusively within perovskite structures remains as an unexplored issue. Here, the authors report the establishment of CTEs for demonstrating broad light emission within quasi-2D perovskite heterostructures, presenting “intermolecular-type” excited states.
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