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Visser M, Gosens I, Bard D, van Broekhuizen P, Janer G, Kuempel E, Riediker M, Vogel U, Dekkers S. Towards health-based nano reference values (HNRVs) for occupational exposure: Recommendations from an expert panel. NanoImpact 2022; 26:100396. [PMID: 35560294 PMCID: PMC10617652 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unique physicochemical characteristics of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) suggest the need for nanomaterial-specific occupational exposure limits (OELs). Setting these limits remains a challenge. Therefore, the aim of this study was to set out a framework to evaluate the feasibility of deriving advisory health-based occupational limit values for groups of ENMs, based on scientific knowledge. We have used an expert panel approach to address three questions: 1) What ENM-categories should be distinguished to derive advisory health-based occupational limit values (or health-based Nano Reference Values, HNRVs) for groups of ENMs? 2) What evidence would be needed to define values for these categories? And 3) How much effort would it take to achieve this? The panel experts distinguished six possible categories of HNRVs: A) WHO-fiber-like high aspect ratio ENMs (HARNs), B) Non-WHO-fiber-like HARNs and other non-spheroidal ENMs, C) readily soluble spheroidal ENMs, D) biopersistent spheroidal ENMs with unknown toxicity, E) biopersistent spheroidal ENMs with substance-specific toxicity and F) biopersistent spheroidal ENMs with relatively low substance-specific toxicity. For category A, the WHO-fiber-like HARNs, agreement was reached on criteria defining this category and the approach of using health-based risk estimates for asbestos to derive the HNRV. For category B, a quite heterogeneous category, more toxicity data are needed to set an HNRV. For category C, readily soluble spheroidal ENMs, using the OEL of their molecular or ionic counterpart would be a good starting point. For the biopersistent ENMs with unknown toxicity, HNRVs cannot be applied as case-by-case testing is required. For the other biopersistent ENMs in category E and F, we make several recommendations that can facilitate the derivation of these HNRVs. The proposed categories and recommendations as outlined by this expert panel can serve as a reference point for derivation of HNRVs when health-based OELs for ENMs are not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Visser
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Ilse Gosens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Delphine Bard
- Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Science and Research Centre, Buxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gemma Janer
- Leitat Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eileen Kuempel
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Riediker
- Swiss Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Dekkers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Voloaca OM, Greenhalgh CJ, Cole LM, Clench MR, Managh AJ, Haywood-Small SL. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry as a novel clinical imaging tool to detect asbestos fibres in malignant mesothelioma. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34:e8906. [PMID: 32700418 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an extremely aggressive and incurable malignancy associated with prior exposure to asbestos fibres. Difficulties remain in relation to early diagnosis, notably due to impeded identification of asbestos in lung tissue. This study describes a novel laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) imaging approach to identify asbestos within mesothelioma models with clinical significance. METHODS Human mesothelioma cells were exposed to different types of asbestos fibres and prepared on plastic slides for LA-ICP-MS analysis. No further sample preparation was required prior to analysis, which was performed using an NWR Image 266 nm laser ablation system coupled to an Element XR sector-field ICP mass spectrometer, with a lateral resolution of 2 μm. Data was processed using LA-ICP-MS ImageTool v1.7 with the final graphic production made using DPlot software. RESULTS Four different mineral fibres were successfully identified within the mesothelioma samples based on some of the most abundant elements that make up these fibres (Si, Mg and Fe). Using LA-ICP-MS as an imaging tool provided information on the spatial distribution of the fibres at cellular level, which is essential in asbestos detection within tissue samples. Based on the metal counts generated by the different types of asbestos, different fibres can be identified based on shape, size, and elemental composition. Detection of Ca was attempted but requires further optimisation. CONCLUSIONS Detection of asbestos fibres in lung tissues is very useful, if not necessary, to complete the pathological dt9iagnosis of asbestos-related malignancies in the medicolegal field. For the first time, this study demonstrates the successful application of LA-ICP-MS imaging to identify asbestos fibres and other mineral fibres within mesothelioma samples. Ultimately, high-resolution, fast-speed LA-ICP-MS analysis has the potential to be integrated into clinical workflow to aid earlier detection and stratification of mesothelioma patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana M Voloaca
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Calum J Greenhalgh
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Laura M Cole
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Malcolm R Clench
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Amy J Managh
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Sarah L Haywood-Small
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
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Voloaca OM, Greenhalgh CJ, Cole LM, Clench MR, Managh AJ, Haywood-Small SL. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry as a novel clinical imaging tool to detect asbestos fibres in malignant mesothelioma. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020. [PMID: 32700418 DOI: 10.1039/d0ja00268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an extremely aggressive and incurable malignancy associated with prior exposure to asbestos fibres. Difficulties remain in relation to early diagnosis, notably due to impeded identification of asbestos in lung tissue. This study describes a novel laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) imaging approach to identify asbestos within mesothelioma models with clinical significance. METHODS Human mesothelioma cells were exposed to different types of asbestos fibres and prepared on plastic slides for LA-ICP-MS analysis. No further sample preparation was required prior to analysis, which was performed using an NWR Image 266 nm laser ablation system coupled to an Element XR sector-field ICP mass spectrometer, with a lateral resolution of 2 μm. Data was processed using LA-ICP-MS ImageTool v1.7 with the final graphic production made using DPlot software. RESULTS Four different mineral fibres were successfully identified within the mesothelioma samples based on some of the most abundant elements that make up these fibres (Si, Mg and Fe). Using LA-ICP-MS as an imaging tool provided information on the spatial distribution of the fibres at cellular level, which is essential in asbestos detection within tissue samples. Based on the metal counts generated by the different types of asbestos, different fibres can be identified based on shape, size, and elemental composition. Detection of Ca was attempted but requires further optimisation. CONCLUSIONS Detection of asbestos fibres in lung tissues is very useful, if not necessary, to complete the pathological dt9iagnosis of asbestos-related malignancies in the medicolegal field. For the first time, this study demonstrates the successful application of LA-ICP-MS imaging to identify asbestos fibres and other mineral fibres within mesothelioma samples. Ultimately, high-resolution, fast-speed LA-ICP-MS analysis has the potential to be integrated into clinical workflow to aid earlier detection and stratification of mesothelioma patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana M Voloaca
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Calum J Greenhalgh
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Laura M Cole
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Malcolm R Clench
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Amy J Managh
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Sarah L Haywood-Small
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
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Xiao D, Navik R, Tan H, Gai Y, Zhao Y. Sorting purified silver nanowires using supercritical carbon dioxide elutriation coupled with membrane for fabricating flexible and transparent conductive electrodes. J Supercrit Fluids 2020; 164:104915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Asgharian B, Owen TP, Kuempel ED, Jarabek AM. Dosimetry of inhaled elongate mineral particles in the respiratory tract: The impact of shape factor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 361:27-35. [PMID: 29738812 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation exposure to some types of fibers (e.g., asbestos) is well known to be associated with respiratory diseases and conditions such as pleural plaques, fibrosis, asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. In recent years, attention has expanded to other types of elongate mineral particles (EMPs) that may share similar geometry with asbestos fibers but which may differ in mineralogy. Inhalability, dimensions and orientation, and density are major determinants of the aerodynamic behavior for fibers and other EMPs; and the resultant internal dose is recognized as being the critical link between exposure and pathogenesis. Insufficient data are available to fully understand the role of specific physicochemical properties on the potential toxicity across various types of fiber materials. While additional information is required to assess the potential health hazards of EMPs, dosimetry models are currently available to estimate the initially deposited internal dose, which is an essential step in linking airborne exposures to potential health risks. Based on dosimetry model simulations, the inhalability and internal dose of EMPs were found to be greater than that of spherical particles having the same mass or volume. However, the complexity of the dependence of internal dose on EMPs dimensions prevented a straightforward formulation of the deposition-dimension (length or diameter) relationship. Because health outcome is generally related to internal dose, consideration of the factors that influence internal dose is important in assessing the potential health hazards of airborne EMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Price Owen
- Applied Research Associates, Arlington, VA, United States
| | - Eileen D Kuempel
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Annie M Jarabek
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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Yao S, Iezzi G, Della Ventura G, Bellatreccia F, Petibois C, Marcelli A, Nazzari M, Lazzarin F, Di Gioacchino M, Petrarca C. Mineralogy and textures of riebeckitic asbestos (crocidolite): The role of single versus agglomerated fibres in toxicological experiments. J Hazard Mater 2017; 340:472-485. [PMID: 28763760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos may cause adverse effects, but relationship between mineralogy and texture of fibres versus toxicity is still lacking. Toxicological studies can be interpreted and compared only if quantitative features of fibres are determined. Here, riebeckitic ("crocidolite") amphibole fibres were analysed by XRPD, FTIR, SEM-EDS and EMP-WDS; only crystals with stochiometry A□BNa2C(Fe2+2.5Mg0.5)CFe3+2TSi8O22W(OH)2 are present in the starting material used for the experiments. Fibres deposited from solutions of 0.1, 1, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100mg/L were counted by image analysis using SEM images. At 0.1 and 1mg/L the fibres are well separated, whereas between 1 and 10mg/L they start to agglomerate. In-vitro tests performed on fibres deposited at the same mg/L concentrations show that the toxic potential follows a curvilinear increasing trend with a decreasing rate. Since the range of sizes of single fibres and their mineralogy are constant, this decreasing rate can be only attributed to the increasing amount of agglomerated fibres. Hence, single versus agglomerated fibre population is a factor that cannot be neglected in defining the final adverse effects of asbestos. The analytical protocol proposed here is valuable for any aero-dispersed dust, in polluted environments, as well as in the interpretation of experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seydou Yao
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1029 LAMC, Avenue des facultés - Bat. B2, 33400 Talence, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Gianluca Iezzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria & Geologia (INGEO), Università G. d'Annunzio, Via Dei Vestini 30, I-66013 Chieti, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Via di Vigna Murata 605, I-00143, Roma, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Della Ventura
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Via di Vigna Murata 605, I-00143, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze, Universita Roma Tre, Largo S. Leonardo Murialdo 1, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Bellatreccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Universita Roma Tre, Largo S. Leonardo Murialdo 1, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Cyril Petibois
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1029 LAMC, Avenue des facultés - Bat. B2, 33400 Talence, 33600 Pessac, France; Academia Sinica, Institute of Physics, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Augusto Marcelli
- INFN LNF, Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy; RICMASS, Rome International Center for Materials Science Superstripes, Via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Nazzari
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Via di Vigna Murata 605, I-00143, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Lazzarin
- Centro di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi 11, I-66013 Chieti, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento (DMSI), Università G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 30, I-66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Centro di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi 11, I-66013 Chieti, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento (DMSI), Università G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 30, I-66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Centro di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi 11, I-66013 Chieti, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento (DMSI), Università G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 30, I-66013 Chieti, Italy
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Scimeca M, Pietroiusti A, Milano F, Anemona L, Orlandi A, Marsella LT, Bonanno E. Elemental analysis of histological specimens: a method to unmask nano asbestos fibers. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2573. [PMID: 26972714 PMCID: PMC4800250 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is recent mounting evidence that nanoparticles may have enhanced toxicological potential in comparison to the same material in the bulk form. The aim of this study was to develop a new method for unmask asbestos nanofibers from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded tissue. There is an increasing amount of evidence that nanoparticles may enhance toxicological potential in comparison to the same material in the bulk form. The aim of this study was to develop a new method to unmask asbestos nanofibers from Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissue. For the first time, in this study we applied Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis through transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate the presence of asbestos nanofibers in histological specimens of patients with possible occupational exposure to asbestos. The diagnostic protocol was applied to 10 randomly selected lung cancer patients with no history of previous asbestos exposure. We detected asbestos nanofibers in close contact with lung cancer cells in two lung cancer patients with previous possible occupational exposure to asbestos. We were also able to identify the specific asbestos iso-type, which in one of the cases was the same rare variety used in the workplace of the affected patient. By contrast, asbestos nanofibers were not detected in lung cancer patients with no history of occupational asbestos exposure. The proposed technique can represent a potential useful tool for linking the disease to previous workplace exposure in uncertain cases. Furthermore, Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissues stored in the pathology departments might be re-evaluated for possible etiological attribution to asbestos in the case of plausible exposure. Since diseases acquired through occupational exposure to asbestos are generally covered by workers' insurance in most countries, the application of the protocol used in this study may have also relevant social and economic implications.
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Carlin DJ, Larson TC, Pfau JC, Gavett SH, Shukla A, Miller A, Hines R. Current Research and Opportunities to Address Environmental Asbestos Exposures. Environ Health Perspect 2015; 123:A194-7. [PMID: 26230287 PMCID: PMC4529018 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos-related diseases continue to result in approximately 120,000 deaths every year in the United States and worldwide. Although extensive research has been conducted on health effects of occupational exposures to asbestos, many issues related to environmental asbestos exposures remain unresolved. For example, environmental asbestos exposures associated with a former mine in Libby, Montana, have resulted in high rates of nonoccupational asbestos-related disease. Additionally, other areas with naturally occurring asbestos deposits near communities in the United States and overseas are undergoing investigations to assess exposures and potential health risks. Some of the latest public health, epidemiological, and basic research findings were presented at a workshop on asbestos at the 2014 annual meeting of the Society of Toxicology in Phoenix, Arizona. The following focus areas were discussed: a) mechanisms resulting in fibrosis and/or tumor development; b) relative toxicity of different forms of asbestos and other hazardous elongated mineral particles (EMPs); c) proper dose metrics (e.g., mass, fiber number, or surface area of fibers) when interpreting asbestos toxicity; d) asbestos exposure to susceptible populations; and e) using toxicological findings for risk assessment and remediation efforts. The workshop also featured asbestos research supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Better protection of individuals from asbestos-related health effects will require stimulation of new multidisciplinary research to further our understanding of what constitutes hazardous exposures and risk factors associated with toxicity of asbestos and other hazardous EMPs (e.g., nanomaterials).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Carlin
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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