1
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Lee WCC, Zhang XP. Metalloradical Catalysis: General Approach for Controlling Reactivity and Selectivity of Homolytic Radical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320243. [PMID: 38472114 PMCID: PMC11097140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Since Friedrich Wöhler's groundbreaking synthesis of urea in 1828, organic synthesis over the past two centuries has predominantly relied on the exploration and utilization of chemical reactions rooted in two-electron heterolytic ionic chemistry. While one-electron homolytic radical chemistry is both rich in fundamental reactivities and attractive with practical advantages, the synthetic application of radical reactions has been long hampered by the formidable challenges associated with the control over reactivity and selectivity of high-energy radical intermediates. To fully harness the untapped potential of radical chemistry for organic synthesis, there is a pressing need to formulate radically different concepts and broadly applicable strategies to address these outstanding issues. In pursuit of this objective, researchers have been actively developing metalloradical catalysis (MRC) as a comprehensive framework to guide the design of general approaches for controlling over reactivity and stereoselectivity of homolytic radical reactions. Essentially, MRC exploits the metal-centered radicals present in open-shell metal complexes as one-electron catalysts for homolytic activation of substrates to generate metal-entangled organic radicals as the key intermediates to govern the reaction pathway and stereochemical course of subsequent catalytic radical processes. Different from the conventional two-electron catalysis by transition metal complexes, MRC operates through one-electron chemistry utilizing stepwise radical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 (USA)
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 (USA)
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2
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Chamakiya CA, Chothani SR, Joshi RJ, Bhalodia J, Ambasana MA, Bapodra AH, Kapuriya N. Efficient and metal-free synthesis of 2-aroyl 7-azaindoles via thermally induced denitrogenative intramolecular annulation of 1,2,3,4-tetrazolopyridines. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2192-2196. [PMID: 38411006 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A facile and metal-free intramolecular denitrogenative annulation strategy for the preparation of novel 2-aroyl 7-azaindoles has been developed from 3-(tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-8-yl)prop-2-en-1-one in the presence of the deep eutectic solvent Dowtherm A. The valuable features of the protocol include a short reaction time, absence of any metal catalyst, utilization of a eutectic solvent, easy product isolation, and very good yields of novel 2-aroyl 7-azaindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag A Chamakiya
- Department of chemistry and forensic science, Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
| | - Savankumar R Chothani
- Department of chemistry and forensic science, Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
| | - Rupal J Joshi
- Department of chemistry and forensic science, Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
| | - Jasmin Bhalodia
- Department of chemistry and forensic science, Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
| | - Mrunal A Ambasana
- Department of chemistry and forensic science, Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
| | - Atul H Bapodra
- Department of chemistry and forensic science, Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
| | - Naval Kapuriya
- Department of chemistry and forensic science, Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
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Ye W, Xiong H, Wang M, Chang J, Yu W. Iodine-Mediated δ-Amination of sp 3 C-H Bonds. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3481-3490. [PMID: 38381857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
We present a direct δ-amination reaction of sp3 C-H bonds, employing molecular iodine (I2) as the sole oxidant under transition-metal-free conditions. This remote C-H functionalization approach is operationally simple and provides facile, efficient access to pyrrolidines and related heterocyclic derivatives from readily accessible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ye
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hanyu Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Manman Wang
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenquan Yu
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Bhavyesh D, Soliya S, Konakanchi R, Begari E, Ashalu KC, Naveen T. The Recent Advances in Iron-Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-H Functionalization. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301056. [PMID: 38149480 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of iron as a core metal in catalysis has become a research topic of interest over the last few decades. The reasons are clear. Iron is the most abundant transition metal on Earth's crust and it is widely distributed across the world. It has been extracted and processed since the dawn of civilization. All these features render iron a noncontaminant, biocompatible, nontoxic, and inexpensive metal and therefore it constitutes the perfect candidate to replace noble metals (rhodium, palladium, platinum, iridium, etc.). Moreover, direct C-H functionalization is one of the most efficient strategies by which to introduce new functional groups into small organic molecules. The majority of organic compounds contain C(sp3 )-H bonds. Given the enormous importance of organic molecules in so many aspects of existence, the utilization and bioactivity of C(sp3 )-H bonds are of the utmost importance. This review sheds light on the substrate scope, selectivity, benefits, and limitations of iron catalysts for direct C(sp3 )-H bond activations. An overview of the use of iron catalysis in C(sp3 )-H activation protocols is summarized herein up to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desai Bhavyesh
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat, Gujarat, 395 007, India
| | - Sudha Soliya
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat, Gujarat, 395 007, India
| | - Ramaiah Konakanchi
- Department of Chemistry, VNR Vignana Jyoti Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, 500090, India
| | - Eeshwaraiah Begari
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
| | - Kashamalla Chinna Ashalu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Kadi, Gujarat, 382715, India
| | - Togati Naveen
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat, Gujarat, 395 007, India
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Lee WCC, Wang DS, Zhu Y, Zhang XP. Iron(III)-based metalloradical catalysis for asymmetric cyclopropanation via a stepwise radical mechanism. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1569-1580. [PMID: 37679462 PMCID: PMC10842623 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Metalloradical catalysis (MRC) exploits the metal-centred radicals present in open-shell metal complexes as one-electron catalysts for the generation of metal-stabilized organic radicals-key intermediates that control subsequent one-electron homolytic reactions. Cobalt(II) complexes of porphyrins, as stable 15e-metalloradicals with a well-defined low-spin d7 configuration, have dominated the ongoing development of MRC. Here, to broaden MRC beyond the use of Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysts, we describe systematic studies that establish the operation of Fe(III)-based MRC and demonstrate an initial application for asymmetric radical transformations. Specifically, we report that five-coordinate iron(III) complexes of porphyrins with an axial ligand, which represent another family of stable 15e-metalloradicals with a d5 configuration, are potent metalloradical catalysts for olefin cyclopropanation with different classes of diazo compounds via a stepwise radical mechanism. This work lays a foundation and mechanistic blueprint for future exploration of Fe(III)-based MRC towards the discovery of diverse stereoselective radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Duo-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Yiling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
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Das S, Ehlers AW, Patra S, de Bruin B, Chattopadhyay B. Iron-Catalyzed Intermolecular C-N Cross-Coupling Reactions via Radical Activation Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37390369 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
A concept for intermolecular C-N cross-coupling amination has been discovered using tetrazoles and aromatic and aliphatic azides with boronic acids under iron-catalyzed conditions. The amination follows an unprecedented metalloradical activation mechanism that is different from traditional metal-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions. The scope of the reaction has been demonstrated by the employment of a large number of tetrazoles, azides, and boronic acids. Moreover, several late-stage aminations and a short synthesis of a drug candidate have been showcased for further synthetic utility. Collectively, this iron-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling should have wide applications in the context of medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Das
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Andreas W Ehlers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sima Patra
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lee WCC, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhang XP. Asymmetric Radical Bicyclization for Stereoselective Construction of Tricyclic Chromanones and Chromanes with Fused Cyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11622-11632. [PMID: 37129381 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric radical bicyclization processes have been developed via metalloradical catalysis (MRC) to stereoselectively construct chiral chromanones and chromanes bearing fused cyclopropanes. Through optimization of a versatile D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrin ligand platform, a Co(II)-metalloradical system can homolytically activate both diazomalonates and α-aryldiazomethanes containing different alkene functionalities under mild conditions for effective radical bicyclization, delivering cyclopropane-fused tricyclic chromanones and chromanes, respectively, in high yields with excellent control of both diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities. Combined computational and experimental studies, including the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) trapping of key radical intermediates, shed light on the working details of the underlying stepwise radical mechanisms of the Co(II)-catalyzed bicyclization processes. The two catalytic radical processes provide effective synthetic tools for stereoselective construction of valuable cyclopropane-fused chromanones and chromanes with newly generated contiguous stereogenic centers. As a specific demonstration of synthetic application, the Co(II)-catalyzed radical bicyclization has been employed as a key step for the first asymmetric total synthesis of the natural product (+)-Radulanin J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yiling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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Das SK, Roy S, Chattopadhyay B. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Denitrogenative Annulation to Access High-Valued N-Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202210912. [PMID: 36227158 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the development of efficient methods to construct high-valued N-heterocyclic molecules have received massive attention owing to their extensive application in the areas of medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, natural product synthesis and so on. To access those high-valued N-heterocycles, many methods have been developed. In this context, transition-metal-catalyzed denitrogenative annulation of 1,2,3-triazoles and 1,2,3,4-tetrazoles has appeared as a powerful synthetic tool because it offers a step- and atom-economical route for the preparation of the nitrogen-rich molecules. Compared with the denitrogenative annulation of various 1,2,3-triazole frameworks, annulation of 1,2,3,4-tetrazole remains more challenging due to the inertness of the tetrazole moiety. This Review summarizes the significant achievements made in the field of denitrogenative annulation of various 1,2,3-triazoles and 1,2,3,4-tetrazoles including some pioneering examples in this area of research. We anticipate that this denitrogenative annulation reaction will find broad applications in the pharmaceutical industry, drug discovery and other fields of medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Kumar Das
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
A catalytic system for intermolecular benzylic C(sp3)-H amination is developed utilizing 1,2,3,4-tetrazole as a nitrene precursor via iron catalysis. This method enables direct installation of 2-aminopyridine into the benzylic and heterobenzylic position. The method selectively aminates 2° benzylic C(sp3)-H bond over the 3° and 1° benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds. Experimental studies reveal that the C(sp3)-H amination undergoes via the formation of a benzylic radical intermediate. This study reports the discovery of new method for 2-pyridine substituted benzylamine synthesis using inexpensive, biocompatible base metal catalysis that should have wide application in the context of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillol Khatua
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subrata Das
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sima Patra
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological & Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Danyliuk IY, Vovk MV. Tetrahydroazepines with an annulated five-membered heteroaromatic ring. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-022-03131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Das SK, Das S, Ghosh S, Roy S, Pareek M, Roy B, Sunoj RB, Chattopadhyay B. An iron(ii)-based metalloradical system for intramolecular amination of C(sp 2)-H and C(sp 3)-H bonds: synthetic applications and mechanistic studies. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11817-11828. [PMID: 36320905 PMCID: PMC9580522 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03505g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A catalytic system for intramolecular C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H amination of substituted tetrazolopyridines has been successfully developed. The amination reactions are developed using an iron-porphyrin based catalytic system. It has been demonstrated that the same iron-porphyrin based catalytic system efficiently activates both the C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds of the tetrazole as well as azide-featuring substrates with a high level of regioselectivity. The method exhibited an excellent functional group tolerance. The method affords three different classes of high-value N-heterocyclic scaffolds. A number of important late-stage C-H aminations have been performed to access important classes of molecules. Detailed studies (experimental and computational) showed that both the C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H amination reactions involve a metalloradical activation mechanism, which is different from the previously reported electro-cyclization mechanism. Collectively, this study reports the discovery of a new class of metalloradical activation modes using a base metal catalyst that should find wide application in the context of medicinal chemistry, drug discovery and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani Nadia Kalyani 741235 West Bengal India
| | - Subrata Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Supratim Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Monika Pareek
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Brindaban Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani Nadia Kalyani 741235 West Bengal India
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
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Yu W, Zhang X, Liu C, Zhang Y, Gu X, Liao J, Zhang Z, Wei W, Li G, Liang T. Intermolecular C-H Aminocyanation of Indoles via Copper-iodine Cocatalyzed Tandem C-N/C-C Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12424-12433. [PMID: 36046980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient copper-iodine cocatalyzed intermolecular C-H aminocyanation of indoles with a broad substrate scope has been developed for the first time. This method enables highly step-economic access to 2-amino-3-cyanoindoles in moderate to good yields and provides a complementary strategy for the regioselective difunctionalization of carbon═carbon double bonds of interest in organic synthesis and related areas. Mechanistic studies suggest that these transformations are initiated by iodine-mediated C2-H amination with azoles, followed by copper-catalyzed C3-H cyanation with ethyl cyanoformate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Chenrui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wanxing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Guanghua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Taoyuan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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Sohail M, Bilal M, Maqbool T, Rasool N, Ammar M, Mahmood S, Malik A, Zubair M, Abbas Ashraf G. Iron-catalyzed synthesis of N-heterocycles via intermolecular and intramolecular cyclization reactions: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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14
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Guo Y, Gao Q. Recent advances in 3-aminoindazoles as versatile synthons for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7138-7150. [PMID: 36043318 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01348g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-based heterocycles are an important class of structural scaffolds distributed in biologically active natural products, medicinal chemistry, and agrochemicals. Hence, there is increasing interest in the development of novel synthetic strategies for the construction of these privileged structural motifs. Recently, 3-aminoindazoles have emerged as versatile synthons participating in a variety of condensation annulation, denitrogenative transannulation and rearrangement ring expansion reactions, which provide efficient synthetic routes for the formation of nitrogen heterocycles. This review systematically highlights for the first time the most recent advances in 3-aminoindazoles to provide a deep understanding of using 3-aminoindazoles as versatile synthons in organic transformations for synthetic and medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Qinghe Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
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Scapin E, Zimmer GC, Vieira JC, Rodrigues CA, Afonso CA, Zanatta N, Bonacorso HG, Frizzo CP, Martins MA. Reactivity of trifluoromethyl-tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in click chemistry and hydrogenation. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.109973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaofeng Ren
- JiangXi University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- JiangXi University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Shangfeng Ren
- JiangXi University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Keke Huang
- JiangXi University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jin-Biao Liu
- JiangXi University of Science and Technology faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry No.86,Hongqi Ave. 341000 Ganzhou CHINA
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Ke J, Lee WCC, Wang X, Wang Y, Wen X, Zhang XP. Metalloradical Activation of In Situ-Generated α-Alkynyldiazomethanes for Asymmetric Radical Cyclopropanation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2368-2378. [PMID: 35099966 PMCID: PMC9032462 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
α-Alkynyldiazomethanes, generated in situ from the corresponding sulfonyl hydrazones in the presence of a base, can serve as effective metalloradicophiles in Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis (MRC) for asymmetric cyclopropanation of alkenes. With D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrin 2,6-DiMeO-QingPhyrin as the optimal supporting ligand, the Co(II)-based metalloradical system can efficiently activate different α-alkynyldiazomethanes at room temperature for highly asymmetric cyclopropanation of a broad range of alkenes. This catalytic radical process provides a general synthetic tool for stereoselective construction of alkynyl cyclopropanes in high yields with high both diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. Combined computational and experimental studies offer several lines of evidence in support of the underlying stepwise radical mechanism for the Co(II)-catalyzed olefin cyclopropanation involving a unique α-metalloradical intermediate that is associated with two resonance forms of α-Co(III)-propargyl radical and γ-Co(III)-allenyl radical. The resulting enantioenriched alkynyl cyclopropanes, as showcased with several stereospecific transformations, may serve as valuable chiral building blocks for stereoselective organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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18
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Liu X, Li W, Jiang W, Lu H, Liu J, Lin Y, Cao H. Cu(II)-Catalyzed C-H Amidation/Cyclization of Azomethine Imines with Dioxazolones via Acyl Nitrenes: A Direct Access to Diverse 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:613-618. [PMID: 34978440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a Cu(II)-catalyzed C-H amidation/cyclization of azomethine imines with dioxazolones as acyl nitrene transfer reagents under additive- and ligand-free conditions. An array of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives were afforded in moderate to good yields with excellent functional group tolerance. In addition, scale-up reaction and photoluminescence properties were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P.R. of China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P.R. of China
| | - Wenxuan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P.R. of China
| | - Hao Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P.R. of China
| | - Jiali Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P.R. of China
| | - Yijun Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P.R. of China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P.R. of China
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Wang J, Lin Z, Zheng K, Xiao R, Qian L. Mechanistic and selectivity investigations into Fe-catalyzed 2, 3-disubstituted azaindole formation from β,β-disubstituted tetrazole. Molecular Catalysis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Roy S, Das SK, Khatua H, Das S, Chattopadhyay B. Road Map for the Construction of High-Valued N-Heterocycles via Denitrogenative Annulation. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4395-4409. [PMID: 34761918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pursuit for the discovery of new and powerful synthetic methods to access high-value N-heterocycles has been at the forefront of organic chemistry research for more than a century. Considering the importance of N-scaffolds in modern science, over the past few decades, great research efforts have been made to develop efficient synthetic methods for the construction of nitrogen-rich molecules. Among many efforts, transition metal catalyzed denitrogenative annulation reaction has emerged as a cornerstone due to its innate versatility and wider scope of application.The denitrogenative annulation approach offers clear advantages over many existing methods, as it enables effective, single-step interconversion of easily available feedstocks into a variety of other important N-containing heterocyclic frameworks. Recently, transition metal catalyzed denitrogenative annulation reaction of the 1,2,3-triazole via a metal carbene intermediate sparked significant interest in the application of various important heterocycle syntheses. Denitrogenative annulation reaction of 1,2,3-triazoles proceeds via an ionic mechanism. Recently, we demonstrated a new concept for the denitrogenative reaction of triazoles with alkenes and alkynes via in situ generated 2-(diazomethyl)pyridines. The method takes advantage of the inherent properties of a Co(III)-carbene radical intermediate and is the first report of the denitrogenative annulation/cyclopropanation by a radical-activation mechanism.On the other hand, in contrast to the denitrogenative annulation of 1,2,3-triazole, annulation reaction of 1,2,3,4-tetrazole (a surrogate of azide having an important pyridyl unit) via metal nitrene remains a big challenge. Previously, flash vacuum pyrolysis studies had been used for nitrene-nitrene rearrangement of 1,2,3,4-tetrazole at high temperature. This Account summarizes our recent efforts in developing transition metal catalyzed denitrogenative annulation of 1,2,3-triazoles via a radical mechanism and 1,2,3,4-tetrazoles via metal nitrene to access important nitrogen-rich molecules. We demonstrated that the 1,2,3,4-tetrazole under Ir-catalyzed reaction conditions can produce a productive Ir-nitrene intermediate that can successfully be employed for the construction of a wide number of α-carbolines and 7-azaindoles. Moreover, we developed an iron-based unique strategy for the intermolecular denitrogenative annulation reaction between tetrazoles and alkynes. The reaction overcomes the traditional click reaction and proceeds via an unprecedented metalloradical activation mechanism. Furthermore, we used our understanding of tetrazole reactivity to design an iron-catalyzed intramolecular denitrogenative C(sp3)-H amination reaction of primary, secondary, and tertiary centers by using a metalloradical activation concept. At the same time, we also developed a general catalytic method to enable two distinct reactions (1,3-cycloaddition and denitrogenative annulation) using Mn(TPP)Cl that afforded two different classes of nitrogen heterocycles. Mechanistic studies showed that although the click reaction likely proceeds through an ionic mechanism and the denitrogenative annulation reaction likely proceeds via an electrophilic metallonitrene intermediate rather than a metallonitrene radical intermediate. Finally, we report an iron-catalyzed rearrangement reaction (ring expansion/migration) that proceeded with an unprecedented level of selectivity, reactivity, and functional group tolerance offering rapid access to numerous complex N-heterocycles. We believe that our continuous efforts in this field would be beneficial for pharmaceutical industries, drug discovery, and other fields of medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hillol Khatua
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subrata Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India
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21
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Yang WC, Chen CY, Li JF, Wang ZL. Radical denitrogenative transformations of polynitrogen heterocycles: Building C–N bonds and beyond. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Rawat D, Adimurthy S. Transannulation of Pyridotriazoles with Naphthoquinones and Indoles: Synthesis of Benzo[
f
]Pyrido[1,2‐
a
]Indoles and Indolizino[3,2‐
b
]indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rawat
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research Ghaziabad CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364 002. Gujarat INDIA)
| | - Subbarayappa Adimurthy
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research Ghaziabad CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364 002. Gujarat INDIA)
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Abstract
The mechanism and site-selectivity for Fe-catalyzed azaindoline formation from 1,2,3,4-tetrazole were examined computationally. The H-atom abstraction/radical rebound stepwise mechanism is proposed. The aliphatic H-atom abstraction (HAA) vs. electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) steps are responsible for the sp3vs. sp2 C-H amination site-selectivity and a larger steric congestion disfavors sp2 EAS, thus resulting in Fe-catalyzed site-selectivity toward sp3 C-H amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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24
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Abstract
A photocatalyzed in situ denitrogenative sulfonylation of N-arylsulfonyl hydrazones has been developed. This transformation provides a low-carbon strategy to assemble arylalkyl sulfones in a stepwise denitrogenation/sulfonylation manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Haisheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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