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Sanchez-Ramos D, López-Bellido Garrido FJ, Acosta Hernández I, Rodríguez Romero L, Villaseñor Camacho J, Fernández-Morales FJ. Sustainable use of wastes as reactive material in permeable reactive barrier for remediation of acid mine drainage: Batch and continuous studies. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118765. [PMID: 37604103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of the use of different industrial and agricultural wastes as reactive materials in Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRB) for Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) remediation. Sugar foam (SF), paper mill sludge (PMS), drinking water sludge (DWS) and olive mill waste (OMW) were evaluated in terms of pH neutralization and metal removal from AMD. Laboratory batch tests and continuous pilot scale up-flow columns containing 82% of Volcanic Slag (VS), as porous fill material, and 18% w/w of one of the industrial and agricultural wastes previously indicated, were tested. From the batch tests it was observed that the reactive material presenting the best results were the SF and the PMS. The results obtained in all the PRB were accurately described by a pseudo-first order model, presenting coefficient of determination higher than 0.96 in all the cases. During the continuous operation of the PRB, the porosity and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of most of the up-flow columns strongly decreased due to chemical precipitation and biofilm growth. The SF presented a significant number of fine particles that were washed out by the liquid flow, generating an effluent with very high total suspended solid concentration. Despite SF was the material with the highest alkalinity potential, the reduction of the HRT limited its neutralization and metal removal capacity. PMS and DWS presented the best pollutant removal yields in the continuous operation of the PRB, ranging from 55 to 99% and 55-95% (except in the case of the Mn), respectively. These results allowed the metal removal from the AMD. Additionally, these wastes presented very good biological sulphate reduction. Based on these results, the use of PMS and DWS as reactive material in PRB would allow to simultaneously valorise the industrial waste, which is very interesting within the circular economy framework, and to remove metals from the AMD by means of a low-cost and environmentally sustainable procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanchez-Ramos
- Research Group on Hydroecology, School of Civil Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - F J López-Bellido Garrido
- Department of Plant Production and Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava, s/n, 13003, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - I Acosta Hernández
- Chemical Engineering Department, Chemical and Environmental Technology Institute (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - L Rodríguez Romero
- Chemical Engineering Department, Chemical and Environmental Technology Institute (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Villaseñor Camacho
- Chemical Engineering Department, Chemical and Environmental Technology Institute (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - F J Fernández-Morales
- Chemical Engineering Department, Chemical and Environmental Technology Institute (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela S/N 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Diaz-Vanegas C, Héry M, Desoeuvre A, Bruneel O, Joulian C, Jacob J, Battaglia-Brunet F, Casiot C. Towards an understanding of the factors controlling bacterial diversity and activity in semi-passive Fe- and As-oxidizing bioreactors treating arsenic-rich acid mine drainage. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad089. [PMID: 37632198 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Semi-passive bioreactors based on iron and arsenic oxidation and coprecipitation are promising for the treatment of As-rich acid mine drainages. However, their performance in the field remains variable and unpredictable. Two bioreactors filled with distinct biomass carriers (plastic or a mix of wood and pozzolana) were monitored during 1 year. We characterized the dynamic of the bacterial communities in these bioreactors, and explored the influence of environmental and operational drivers on their diversity and activity. Bacterial diversity was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. The aioA genes and transcripts were quantified by qPCR and RT-qPCR. Bacterial communities were dominated by several iron-oxidizing genera. Shifts in the communities were attributed to operational and physiochemical parameters including the nature of the biomass carrier, the water pH, temperature, arsenic, and iron concentrations. The bioreactor filled with wood and pozzolana showed a better resilience to disturbances, related to a higher bacterial alpha diversity. We evidenced for the first time aioA expression in a treatment system, associated with the presence of active Thiomonas spp. This confirmed the contribution of biological arsenite oxidation to arsenic removal. The resilience and the functional redundancy of the communities developed in the bioreactors conferred robustness and stability to the treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Diaz-Vanegas
- HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- French Geological Survey (BRGM), Water, Environment, Process and Analyses Division, Orléans, France
| | - Marina Héry
- HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Angélique Desoeuvre
- HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Odile Bruneel
- HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Joulian
- French Geological Survey (BRGM), Water, Environment, Process and Analyses Division, Orléans, France
| | - Jérôme Jacob
- French Geological Survey (BRGM), Water, Environment, Process and Analyses Division, Orléans, France
| | | | - Corinne Casiot
- HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Medina-Díaz HL, Acosta I, Muñoz M, López Bellido FJ, Villaseñor J, Llanos J, Rodríguez L, Fernández-Morales FJ. A classical modelling of abandoned mine tailings' bioleaching by an autochthonous microbial culture. J Environ Manage 2022; 323:116251. [PMID: 36261963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to study and model the bioleaching of abandoned mine tailings at different pulp densities 1-20% w/v by using an autochthonous mesophilic microbial culture. Because of the importance of the ferrous-iron oxidation as sub-process on the bioleaching of sulphide mineral ores, the ferrous-iron oxidation process by the autochthonous microbial culture was studied at different ferrous-iron concentrations. A mathematical model fitted to the experimental results and the main kinetic and stoichiometric parameters were determined, being the most relevant the maximum ferrous-iron oxidation rate 5.1 (mmol Fe2+/mmol C·h) and the biomass yield, 0.01 mmol C/mmol Fe2+, values very similar to that of mixed cultured dominated by Leptospirillum strains. This autochthonous culture was used in the bioleaching experiment carried out at different pulp densities, obtaining a maximum metal recovery in the tests carried out at 1% w/v, recovering a 90% of Cd, 60% of Zn, 30% of Cu, 25% Fe and 6% of Pb. Finally, the different leaching mechanisms were modelled by using the pyrite as ore model obtaining a bioleaching rate of 0.316 mmol Fe2+/(L·h) for the direct mechanisms and a bioleaching rate for the indirect and cooperative leaching mechanisms of 0.055 Fe2+/(L·h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassay Lizeth Medina-Díaz
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Irene Acosta
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Martín Muñoz
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López Bellido
- Department of Plant Production and Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava, s/n, 13003. Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Villaseñor
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 2, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Jesús Fernández-Morales
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, ITQUIMA, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Wang X, Zhang G, Jiao Y, Zhang Q, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Ferrous iron oxidation microflora from rust deposits improve the performance of bioelectrochemical system. Bioresour Technol 2022; 364:128048. [PMID: 36191749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ferric iron (Fe(III)) ions are efficient electron acceptor in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). For the first time, this study applied the enriched Fe(II)-oxidizing microflora individually from rust deposits, aerobic sludge, or topsoil to catholyte to regenerate Fe(III) ions to boost BES operation. Among three microflora, the rust-microflora had the highest Fe2+ oxidation rate and the lowest Fe ion loss rate since Acidithiobacillus sp., Ferrovum sp., Rhodobacter sp., Sphingomonas sp., and others enriched it. The rust-seeded BES generated the maximum power density of 77.15 ± 1.62 Wm-3 at 15 ℃, 38.9 %, and 31.4 % higher than those in sludge and topsoil-seeded BES, respectively. The rust-microflora with enriched Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria could enhance the performance of BES, reaching coulombic efficiencies of 98.2 ± 2.6 at reduced internal resistance (5.14 Ω), with 1.59 Ω by activation resistance and 0.77 Ω by diffusion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Zhang G, Wang X, Jiao Y, Chen Q, Lee DJ. Enhanced performance of microbial fuel cells with enriched ferrous iron oxidation microflora at room temperatures. Bioresour Technol 2021; 331:125025. [PMID: 33812745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adding ferric ions (Fe3+) in catholyte can enhance performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). This work adopted biocathode with enriched Fe2+ oxidizing microflora to perform in situ Fe2+ oxidization so the MFC could operate with prolonged period with increased cell open circuit voltage (1037 mV) and maximum power density (71.8 Wm-3 at 154 Am-3) but with minimal needs for iron replenishment. The Fe2+-oxidizing microflora was very effective so the Fe3+/Fe2+ could reach high ratio, which was composed of Acidithiobacillus (73.8%), Acidiphilium (12.1%), Mycobacterium (6.92%), Sulfobacillus (2.66%), Ochrobactrum (1.30%), Alicyclobacillus (0.82%), and other minor species. The membrane transport and cell replication were shown to be their most important metabolic activities. The formation of jarosite and hydronium jarosite by Fe3+ and sulfate led to loss of iron ions, which should be minimized in operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
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6
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Ahoranta S, Hulkkonen H, Salminen T, Kuula P, Puhakka JA, Lakaniemi AM. Formation and use of biogenic jarosite carrier for high-rate iron oxidising biofilms. Res Microbiol 2020; 171:243-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Yavari M, Ebrahimi S, Aghazadeh V, Ghashghaee M. Kinetics of different bioreactor systems with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans for ferrous iron oxidation. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-019-01660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The relative performance of two biofilm-based airlift reactors using different kinds of packing materials and one fixed bed biofilm reactor with a homemade packing material of high specific area (~ 1000 m2/m3) was addressed. The bioreactors operated under ferrous iron loading rates in the range of 8–120 mol Fe(II)/m3 h. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans cells immobilized in the three bioreactors afforded the reactions for an extended period of 120 days of continuous operation at the dilution rates of 0.2, 0.4, 0.7, 1 and 1.2 h−1. The maximum ferrous iron oxidation rates achieved in this study at a hydraulic residence time of 1.2 h were about 91, 68 and 51 mol Fe(II)/m3 h for the fixed bed, airlift1, and airlft2 bioreactors. The performance data from the fixed-bed bioreactor offered a higher potential for ferrous iron oxidation because of fast biofilm development, the formation of a thick biofilm, and lower sensitivity to shear, which enhanced the startup time of the bioreactor and the higher reactor productivity. Proper kinetic models were also presented for both the startup period and the steady-state process.
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Xu X, Lu M, Yang L, Guan X. Immobilized Microbial Catalytic Oxidation Preparation and Application of Biopolymeric Ferric Sulfate. J CHEM-NY 2019; 2019:1-11. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/3967370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel inorganic polymer flocculant, biopolymeric ferric sulfate (BPFS), was prepared by immobilization technology of microorganisms and by oxidation of ferrous sulfate using domestic Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (T. f) under acidic condition. T. f was isolated on the agarose single-plate medium, which exhibited an unusual trait on the utilization of low concentration of the nitrogen source and phosphorus as the nutrient substance. Under the optimal conditions, the microorganism could grow and reproduce normally and maintain the strong catalytic oxidation activity to Fe2+. The immobilization of T. f on the polyurethane as the support matrix was investigated. Cycling batch operation was applied to the preparation of 40 kg/m3, 60 kg/m3, and 80 kg/m3 BPFS when the optimal conditions are pH value of 1.8, circulation flow rate of 0.28–0.30 L/h, and reaction temperature of 28 ± 1°C. When the prepared BPFS and SPFS (solid biopolymeric ferric sulfate) were used to dispose Songhua River water, the removal rate of turbidity and CODMn of BPFS was slightly better than that of SPFS. The removal efficiencies of turbidity and CODMn by BPFS could reach 93.9% and 79.7%, respectively. The result suggests that the BPFS has good flocculating activity.
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Özkaya B, Kaksonen AH, Sahinkaya E, Puhakka JA. Fluidized bed bioreactor for multiple environmental engineering solutions. Water Res 2019; 150:452-465. [PMID: 30572277 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluidized bed bioreactors (FBR) are characterized by two-phase mixture of fluid and solid, in which the bed of solid particles is fluidized by means of downward or upward recirculation stream. FBRs are widely used for multiple environmental engineering solutions, such as wastewater treatment, as well as some industrial applications. FBR offers many benefits such as compact bioreactor size due to short hydraulic retention time, long biomass retention on the carrier, high conversion rates due to fully mixed conditions and consequently high mass transfer rates, no channelling of flow, dilution of influent concentrations due to recycle flow, suitability for enrichment of microbes with low Km values. The disadvantages of FBRs include bioreactor size limitations due to the height-to-diameter ratio, high-energy requirements due to high recycle ratios, and long start-up period for biofilm formation. This paper critically reviews some of the key studies on biomass enrichment via immobilisation of low growth yield microorganisms, high-rates via fully mixed conditions, technical developments in FBRs and ways of overcoming toxic effects via solution recycling. This technology has many potential new uses as well as hydrodynamic characteristics, which enable high-rate environmental engineering and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bestami Özkaya
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland; Yıldız Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Davutpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anna H Kaksonen
- CSIRO Land and Water, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
| | - Erkan Sahinkaya
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Bioengineering Department, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jaakko A Puhakka
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland.
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Abstract
Biofuel cells have been widely used to generate bioelectricity. Early biofuel cells employ a semi-permeable membrane to separate the anodic and cathodic compartments. The impact of different membrane materials and compositions has also been explored. Some membrane materials are employed strictly as membrane separators, while some have gained significant attention in the immobilization of enzymes or microorganisms within or behind the membrane at the electrode surface. The membrane material affects the transfer rate of the chemical species (e.g., fuel, oxygen molecules, and products) involved in the chemical reaction, which in turn has an impact on the performance of the biofuel cell. For enzymatic biofuel cells, Nafion, modified Nafion, and chitosan membranes have been used widely and continue to hold great promise in the long-term stability of enzymes and microorganisms encapsulated within them. This article provides a review of the most widely used membrane materials in the development of enzymatic and microbial biofuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghassemi
- Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Gymama Slaughter
- Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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Ebrahimi S, Faraghi N, Hosseini M. Model-based evaluation of ferrous iron oxidation by acidophilic bacteria in chemostat and biofilm airlift reactors. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 42:1363-8. [PMID: 26264929 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a model-based evaluation of ferrous iron oxidation in chemostat and biofilm airlift reactors inoculated with a mixed culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans bacteria. The competition between the two types of bacteria in the chemostat and in the biofilm airlift reactors together with the distribution of both bacteria along the biofilm thickness at different time sections has been studied. The bacterial distribution profiles along the biofilm in the airlift reactor at different time scales show that in the beginning A. ferrooxidans bacteria are dominant, but when the reactor operates for a long time the desirable L. ferrooxidans species outcompete A. ferrooxidans as a result of the low Fe(2+) and high Fe(3+) concentrations. The results obtained from the simulation were compared with the experimental data of continuously operated internal loop airlift biofilm reactor. The model results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirous Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Neda Faraghi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseini
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Nie H, Zhu N, Cao Y, Xu Z, Wu P. Immobilization of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on Cotton Gauze for the Bioleaching of Waste Printed Circuit Boards. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:675-88. [PMID: 26239442 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The bioleaching parameters of metal concentrates from waste printed circuit boards by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans immobilized on cotton gauze in a two-step reactor were investigated in this study. The results indicated that an average ferrous iron oxidation rate of 0.54 g/(L·h) and a ferrous iron oxidation ratio of 96.90 % were obtained after 12 h at aeration rate of 1 L/min in bio-oxidation reactor. After 96 h, the highest leaching efficiency of copper reached 91.68 % under the conditions of the content of the metal powder 12 g/L, the retention time 6 h, and the aeration rate 1 L/min. The bioleaching efficiency of copper could be above 91.12 % under repeated continuous batch operation. Meanwhile, 95.32 % of zinc, 90.32 % of magnesium, 86.31 % of aluminum, and 59.07 % of nickel were extracted after 96 h. All the findings suggested that the recovery of metal concentrates from waste printed circuit boards via immobilization of A. ferrooxidans on cotton gauze was feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Nie
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Nengwu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yanlan Cao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiguo Xu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pingxiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Sanchez D, Jacobs D, Gregory K, Huang J, Hu Y, Vidic R, Yun M. Changes in Carbon Electrode Morphology Affect Microbial Fuel Cell Performance with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Energies 2015; 8:1817-29. [DOI: 10.3390/en8031817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mulopo J, Schaefer L. Biological regeneration of ferric (Fe3+) solution during desulphurisation of gaseous streams: effect of nutrients and support material. Water Sci Technol 2015; 71:1672-1678. [PMID: 26038932 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the biological regeneration of ferric Fe3+ solution during desulphurisation of gaseous streams. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is absorbed into aqueous ferric sulphate solution and oxidised to elemental sulphur, while ferric ions Fe3+ are reduced to ferrous ions Fe2+. During the industrial regeneration of Fe3+, nutrients and trace minerals usually provided in a laboratory setup are not present and this depletion of nutrients may have a negative impact on the bacteria responsible for ferrous iron oxidation and may probably affect the oxidation rate. In this study, the effect of nutrients and trace minerals on ferrous iron oxidation have been investigated and the results showed that the presence of nutrients and trace minerals affects the efficiency of bacterial Fe2+oxidation. The scanning electron microscopy analysis of the geotextile support material was also conducted and the results showed that the iron precipitate deposits appear to play a direct role on the bacterial biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Mulopo
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa E-mail:
| | - L Schaefer
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Natural Resources and the Environment, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
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Zytoon MA, AlZahrani AA, Noweir MH, El-Marakby FA. Bioconversion of high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur in airlift bioreactor. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:675673. [PMID: 25147857 DOI: 10.1155/2014/675673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several bioreactor systems are used for biological treatment of hydrogen sulfide. Among these, airlift bioreactors are promising for the bioconversion of hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur. The performance of airlift bioreactors is not adequately understood, particularly when directly fed with hydrogen sulfide gas. The objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of an airlift bioreactor fed with high concentrations of H2S with special emphasis on the effect of pH in combination with other factors such as H2S loading rate, oxygen availability, and sulfide accumulation. H2S inlet concentrations between 1,008 ppm and 31,215 ppm were applied and elimination capacities up to 113 g H2S m(-3) h(-1) were achieved in the airlift bioreactor under investigation at a pH range 6.5-8.5. Acidic pH values reduced the elimination capacity. Elemental sulfur recovery up to 95% was achieved under oxygen limited conditions (DO < 0.2 mg/L) and at higher pH values. The sulfur oxidizing bacteria in the bioreactor tolerated accumulated dissolved sulfide concentrations >500 mg/L at pH values 8.0-8.5, and near 100% removal efficiency was achieved. Overall, the resident microorganisms in the studied airlift bioreactor favored pH values in the alkaline range. The bioreactor performance in terms of elimination capacity and sulfur recovery was better at pH range 8-8.5.
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Nurmi P, Özkaya B, Kaksonen A, Tuovinen O, Riekkola-vanhanen M, Puhakka J. Process for biological oxidation and control of dissolved iron in bioleach liquors. Process Biochem 2009; 44:1315-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dave SR. Selection of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans SRPCBL and development for enhanced ferric regeneration in stirred tank and airlift column reactor. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:7803-7806. [PMID: 18325759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Presence of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans plays significant role in ferric sulphate generation during bioleaching process. Thus, an attempt was made to select L. ferrooxidans from the polymetallic concentrate leachate and further developed it for enhanced ferric iron regeneration from the leachate in shake flask, stirred tank and column reactor. When ferric to ferrous iron ratio in the shake flask reached to 20:1, L. ferrooxidans out competed Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and accounted for more than 99% of the total population. The isolate was confirmed by 16S rRNA genes sequence analysis and named as L. ferrooxidans SRPCBL. When the culture was exposure to UV dose and the oxidation-reduction potential of the inoculation medium was adjusted to 40 0mV by ferrous:ferric iron ratio, the IOR reached to as high as 1.2 g/L/h in shake flask, even with initial ferrous iron concentration of 200 g/L. The chalcopyrite concentrate leachate containing 12.8, 15.7, and 42.0 g/L ferrous iron, ferric iron and copper, respectively was studied for ferric iron regeneration with the developed polymetallic resistant L. ferrooxidans SRPCBL in stirred tank and a developed biofilm airlift column, the highest IOR achieved were 2.20 g/L/h and 3.1 g/L/h, respectively, with ferrous oxidation efficiency of 98%. The ferric regeneration ability of the developed isolate from the leachate proves useful for a two-stage metal extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh R Dave
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380 009, Gujarat, India.
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van der Star WR, Miclea AI, van Dongen UG, Muyzer G, Picioreanu C, van Loosdrecht MC. The membrane bioreactor: A novel tool to grow anammox bacteria as free cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 101:286-94. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.21891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kleerebezem R, van Loosdrecht MC. Thermodynamic and kinetic characterization using process dynamics: Acidophilic ferrous iron oxidation byLeptospirillum ferrooxidans. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 100:49-60. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.21745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ter Heijne A, Hamelers HVM, Buisman CJN. Microbial fuel cell operation with continuous biological ferrous iron oxidation of the catholyte. Environ Sci Technol 2007; 41:4130-4. [PMID: 17612201 DOI: 10.1021/es0702824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen reduction rate at the cathode is a limiting factor in microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance. In our previous study, we showed the performance of an MFC with ferric iron (Fe3+) reduction at the cathode. Instead of oxygen, ferric iron was reduced to ferrous iron (Fe2+) at the cathode with a bipolar membrane between the anode and cathode compartment. This resulted in a higher cathode potential than is usually obtained with oxygen on metal-based chemical catalysts in MFCs. In this study, we investigated the operation of the same MFC with ferric iron reduction at the cathode and simultaneous biological ferrous iron oxidation of the catholyte. We show that the immobilized microorganism Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is capable of oxidizing ferrous iron to ferric iron at a rate high enough to ensure an MFC power output of 1.2 W/m2 and a current of 4.4 A/m2. This power output was 38% higher than in our previous study at a similar current density without ferrous iron oxidation. The bipolar membrane is shown to split water into 65-76% of the needed protons and hydroxides. The other part of the protons was supplied as H2SO4 to the cathode compartment. The remaining charge was transported by K+ and HSO4-/SO4(2-) from the one compartment to the other. This resulted in increased salt concentrations in the cathode. The increased salt concentrations reduced the ohmic losses and enabled the improved MFC power output. Iron could be reversibly removed from the bipolar membrane by exchange with protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemiek Ter Heijne
- Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Ter Heijne A, Hamelers HVM, De Wilde V, Rozendal RA, Buisman CJN. A bipolar membrane combined with ferric iron reduction as an efficient cathode system in microbial fuel cells. Environ Sci Technol 2006; 40:5200-5. [PMID: 16999089 DOI: 10.1021/es0608545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for alternative catalysts for oxygen reduction in the cathodic compartment of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). In this study, we show that a bipolar membrane combined with ferric iron reduction on a graphite electrode is an efficient cathode system in MFCs. A flat plate MFC with graphite felt electrodes, a volume of 1.2 L and a projected surface area of 290 cm2 was operated in continuous mode. Ferric iron was reduced to ferrous iron in the cathodic compartment according to Fe(3+) + e(-) --> Fe2+ (E0 = +0.77 V vs NHE, normal hydrogen electrode). This reversible electron transfer reaction considerably reduced the cathode overpotential. The low catholyte pH required to keep ferric iron soluble was maintained by using a bipolar membrane instead of the commonly used cation exchange membrane. For the MFC with cathodic ferric iron reduction, the maximum power density was 0.86 W/m2 at a current density of 4.5 A/m2. The Coulombic efficiency and energy recovery were 80-95% and 18-29% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemiek Ter Heijne
- Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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