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Lin W, Luo S, Li W, Liu J, Zhou T, Yang F, Zhou D, Liu Y, Huang W, Feng Y, Luo J. Association between the non-HDL-cholesterol to HDL- cholesterol ratio and abdominal aortic aneurysm from a Chinese screening program. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:187. [PMID: 37932803 PMCID: PMC10626699 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) can result in high mortality upon rupture but are usually undiagnosed because of the absence of symptoms in the early stage. Ultrasound screening is regarded as an impactful way to prevent the AAA-related death but cannot be performed efficiently; therefore, a target population, especially in Asia, for this procedure is lacking. Additionally, although dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis are associated with AAA. However, it remains undetermined whether the non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (NHHR) is associated with AAA. Therefore, this study was aimed at examining whether NHHR is associated with AAA. METHOD A total of 9559 participants who underwent AAA screening at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and through screening in two communities in Dongguan, from June 2019 to June 2021 joined in this screening program. The diagnosis of AAA was confirmed by the ultrasound examination of the abdominal aorta rather than any known or suspected AAA. Clinical and laboratory data of participants were collected. The participants were separated into a normal group and an AAA group according to the abdominal aortic status. To eliminate confounding factors, a propensity score matching (PSM) approach was utilized. The independent relationship between NHHR and AAA was assessed through the utilization of multivariable logistic regression analysis. In addition, internal consistency was evaluated through subgroup analysis, which controlled for significant risk factors. RESULTS Of all the participants, 219 (2.29%) participants were diagnosed with AAA. A significant elevation in NHHR was identified in the AAA group when contrasted with that in the normal group (P < 0.001). As demonstrated by the results of the multivariable logistic regression analysis, AAA was independently associated with NHHR before (odds ratio [OR], 1.440, P < 0.001) and after PSM (OR, 1.515, P < 0.001). Significant extension was observed in the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of NHHR compared to those of single lipid parameters before and after PSM. An accordant association between NHHR and AAA in different subgroups was demonstrated by subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION In the Chinese population, there is an independent association between NHHR and AAA. NHHR might be propitious to distinguish individuals with high risk of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Lin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songyuan Luo
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Zhuhai Hospital (Zhuhai Golden Bay Center Hospital), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jitao Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingqing Feng
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jianfang Luo
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Paraskevas KI, Spence JD, Mikhailidis DP, Antignani PL, Gloviczki P, Eckstein HH, Spinelli F, Stilo F, Saba L, Poredos P, Dardik A, Liapis CD, Mansilha A, Faggioli G, Pini R, Jezovnik MK, Sultan S, Musiałek P, Goudot G, Lavenson GS, Jawien A, Blinc A, Myrcha P, Fernandes E Fernandes J, Geroulakos G, Kakkos SK, Knoflach M, Proczka RM, Capoccia L, Rundek T, Svetlikov AS, Silvestrini M, Ricco JB, Davies AH, Di Lazzaro V, Suri JS, Lanza G, Fraedrich G, Zeebregts CJ, Nicolaides AN. Why do guidelines recommend screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms, but not for asymptomatic carotid stenosis? A plea for a randomized controlled trial. Int J Cardiol 2023; 371:406-412. [PMID: 36162523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines do not recommend screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (AsxCS). The rationale behind this recommendation is that detection of AsxCS may lead to an unnecessary carotid intervention. In contrast, screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms is strongly recommended. METHODS A critical analysis of the literature was performed to evaluate the implications of detecting AsxCS. RESULTS Patients with AsxCS are at high risk for future stroke, myocardial infarction and vascular death. Population-wide screening for AsxCS should not be recommended. Additionally, screening of high-risk individuals for AsxCS with the purpose of identifying candidates for a carotid intervention is inappropriate. Instead, selective screening for AsxCS should be considered and should be viewed as an opportunity to identify individuals at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and future cardiovascular events for the timely initiation of intensive medical therapy and risk factor modification. CONCLUSIONS Although mass screening should not be recommended, there are several arguments suggesting that selective screening for AsxCS should be considered. The rationale supporting such selective screening is to optimize risk factor control and to initiate intensive medical therapy for prevention of future cardiovascular events, rather than to identify candidates for an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J David Spence
- Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | | | - Peter Gloviczki
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Vascular Surgery Division, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Stilo
- Vascular Surgery Division, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pavel Poredos
- Department of Vascular Disease, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alan Dardik
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Armando Mansilha
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital de S. Joao, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gianluca Faggioli
- Vascular Surgery, University of Bologna "Alma Mater Studiorum", Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Pini
- Vascular Surgery, University of Bologna "Alma Mater Studiorum", Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mateja K Jezovnik
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sherif Sultan
- Western Vascular Institute, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Galway, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Piotr Musiałek
- Jagiellonian University Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Guillaume Goudot
- Vascular medicine department, Georges Pompidou European hospital, APHP, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - George S Lavenson
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arkadiusz Jawien
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleš Blinc
- Department of Vascular Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Piotr Myrcha
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - George Geroulakos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros K Kakkos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Michael Knoflach
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert M Proczka
- 1(st) Department of Vascular Surgery, Medicover Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laura Capoccia
- Department of Surgery "Paride Stefanini", Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexei S Svetlikov
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, North-Western Scientific Clinical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mauro Silvestrini
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ricco
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Alun H Davies
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Section of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Diagnostic and Monitoring Division, Atheropoint™, Roseville, CA, USA
| | - Gaetano Lanza
- Vascular Surgery Department, IRCSS Multimedica Hospital, Castellanza, Italy
| | - Gustav Fraedrich
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clark J Zeebregts
- Department of Surgery (Division of Vascular Surgery), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew N Nicolaides
- Department of Surgery, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Huang X, Wang Z, Shen Z, Lei F, Liu YM, Chen Z, Qin JJ, Liu H, Ji YX, Zhang P, Zhang XJ, Yang J, Cai J, She ZG, Li H. Projection of global burden and risk factors for aortic aneurysm - timely warning for greater emphasis on managing blood pressure. Ann Med 2022; 54:553-564. [PMID: 35139697 PMCID: PMC8843207 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2034932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Aortic aneurysm (AA) is a serious condition that largely increases the risk of aortic dissection and sudden death. Exploring the global burden of disease and changes in risk factors for AA is essential for public health policy development. OBJECTIVE To project the death burden from AA and its attributable risk factors in the following decade based on the epidemiological data over the past 30 years. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the death burden of AA and trends of four risk factors from 1990-2019 using the updated 2019 Global Burden of Disease study database by Joinpoint regression analysis. Furthermore, we project the AA-related death burden for the next decade using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model. This study discovered that the global burden of death attributable to AA began to increase after decreasing for two decades. This upward trend will continue in the subsequent decade (average annual percent change: 0.318%, 95% CI: 0.288 to 0.348). Meanwhile, the disease burdens in all economic regions except high-middle socio-demographic index (SDI) regions will continuously increase in the next decade, with the fastest acceleration in the low-middle SDI region (average annual percent change: 1.183%, 95% CI: 1.166 to 1.200). Notably, high systolic blood pressure will surpass the contribution of smoking to become the most important risk factor for mortality due to AA. CONCLUSION This study discovered a rebounding trend in the aortic aneurysm-related death burden globally. High systolic blood pressure will be the top risk factor attributed to death from AA. Therefore, it should be considered as the first-degree risk factor in the guidance of AA management and criteria for population-based screening programs.Key messagesThe death burden of aortic aneurysms is beginning to rebound globally, and the trend will continue for the next decade.High systolic blood pressure will replace smoking as the most important risk factor associated with aortic aneurysm death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhouxiang Wang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengjun Shen
- Huanggang Institute of Translation Medicine, Huanggang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Center Hospital of Huanggang, Huanggang, China
| | - Fang Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye-Mao Liu
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Center Hospital of Huanggang, Huanggang, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan-Juan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Huanggang Institute of Translation Medicine, Huanggang, China
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4
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Kessler V, Klopf J, Eilenberg W, Neumayer C, Brostjan C. AAA Revisited: A Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors, Management, and Hallmarks of Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:94. [PMID: 35052774 PMCID: PMC8773452 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite declining incidence and mortality rates in many countries, the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) continues to represent a life-threatening cardiovascular condition with an overall prevalence of about 2-3% in the industrialized world. While the risk of AAA development is considerably higher for men of advanced age with a history of smoking, screening programs serve to detect the often asymptomatic condition and prevent aortic rupture with an associated death rate of up to 80%. This review summarizes the current knowledge on identified risk factors, the multifactorial process of pathogenesis, as well as the latest advances in medical treatment and surgical repair to provide a perspective for AAA management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.); (J.K.); (W.E.); (C.N.)
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5
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Damhus CS, Siersma V, Hansson A, Bang CW, Brodersen J. Psychosocial consequences of screening-detected abdominal aortic aneurisms: a cross-sectional study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2021; 39:459-465. [PMID: 34806538 PMCID: PMC8725974 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2021.2004713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Sweden, an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening programme was gradually implemented from 2009 to reduce the incidence of rupture and thereby mortality. AAA screening introduces a variety of unintended, but generally unavoidable, harms, e.g. stress and worry. Such psychosocial consequences have previously only been investigated with generic measures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe and compare the psychosocial consequences in men with a screening detected AAA to men with a normal screening result after they participated in the Swedish national AAA-screening programme using a validated psychometric instrument. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was a cross-sectional survey. Data were originally collected to validate the COS-AAA and has previously been published in details. The Consequences of Screening in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (COS-AAA) questionnaire was sent to 250 men with a screening detected AAA and 500 with a normal screening result who were randomly selected from a Swedish population-based screening register. RESULTS In total, 158 (63%) men with a screening detected AAA and 275 (55%) men with a normal screening result completed the COS-AAA. We found that men with a screening detected AAA reported negative psychosocial consequences to a greater extent in 10 of 13 COS-AAA Part 1 scales, all statistically significant except three (behaviour, sleep and negative experiences from examination). For COS-AAA Part 2, there was a statistically significant difference between groups in four of five scales. CONCLUSIONS Men diagnosed with a screening detected AAA, reported more negative psychosocial consequences compared to men with a normal result. Screening for abdominal aorta aneurism (AAA) introduces intended benefits and unintended harms. Adequate measures are necessary to determine the balance between them.Key points:This study applied a condition-specific questionnaire with high content validity and adequate psychometric properties to measure psychosocial consequences in men participating in AAA screening.We found that men with a screening detected AAA reported more negative psychosocial consequences than men with a normal aorta size.The risk of negative psychosocial consequences is important to include in the decision making on whether to participate in screening or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sadolin Damhus
- The Section and Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Primary & eHealth Care, Region Zealand, Denmark
- CONTACT Christina Sadolin Damhus Section and Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, CopenhagenDK-1014, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Section and Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Hansson
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Christine Winther Bang
- The Section and Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Brodersen
- The Section and Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Primary & eHealth Care, Region Zealand, Denmark
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6
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Bhandari R, Cameron SJ. Breaking the cycle: Succinate in aortic diseases. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4386-4388. [PMID: 34564722 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bhandari
- Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Scott J Cameron
- Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Hematology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Case Western Reserve University Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
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7
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Kapila V, Jetty P, Wooster D, Vucemilo V, Dubois L. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms in Canada: 2020 review and position statement of the Canadian Society for Vascular Surgery. Can J Surg 2021; 64:E461-E466. [PMID: 34467750 PMCID: PMC8526155 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.009120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) remain a major risk to patients, despite level 1 evidence for screening to prevent rupture events and decrease mortality. In 2007, the Canadian Society for Vascular Surgery (CSVS) published a review and position statement for AAA screening in Canada. Since that publication, there have been a number of updates in the published literature affecting screening recommendations. In this paper, we present a review of some of the controversies in the AAA screening literature to help elucidate differences in the various published screening guidelines. This article represents a review of the data and updated recommendations for AAA screening in the Canadian population on behalf of the CSVS. Les anévrismes de l’aorte abdominale (AAA) continuent de poser un risque majeur pour les patients, malgré des données probantes de niveau 1 à l’appui du dépistage pour prévenir les ruptures et réduire la mortalité. En 2007, la Société canadienne de chirurgie vasculaire (SCCV) a publié une revue et un énoncé de position sur le dépistage de l’AAA au Canada. Depuis lors, plusieurs mises à jour ont paru dans la littérature et elles ont un impact sur les recommandations relatives au dépistage. Dans le présent article, nous présentons une synthèse de quelques controverses soulevées dans la littérature sur le dépistage de l’AAA afin d’expliquer les différences entre les diverses lignes directrices publiées à ce sujet. Cet article propose au nom de la SCCV une revue des données probantes et des recommandations à jour sur le dépistage de l’AAA dans la population canadienne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kapila
- From the William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ont. (Kapila); the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Jetty); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Wooster); Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont. (Vucemilo); and Western University, London, Ont. (Dubois)
| | - Prasad Jetty
- From the William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ont. (Kapila); the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Jetty); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Wooster); Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont. (Vucemilo); and Western University, London, Ont. (Dubois)
| | - Doug Wooster
- From the William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ont. (Kapila); the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Jetty); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Wooster); Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont. (Vucemilo); and Western University, London, Ont. (Dubois)
| | - Vic Vucemilo
- From the William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ont. (Kapila); the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Jetty); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Wooster); Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont. (Vucemilo); and Western University, London, Ont. (Dubois)
| | - Luc Dubois
- From the William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ont. (Kapila); the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Jetty); the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Wooster); Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont. (Vucemilo); and Western University, London, Ont. (Dubois)
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8
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Hicks CW, Al-Qunaibet A, Ding N, Kwak L, Folsom AR, Tanaka H, Mosley T, Wagenknecht LE, Tang W, Heiss G, Matsushita K. Symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral artery disease and the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Atherosclerosis 2021; 333:32-38. [PMID: 34419824 PMCID: PMC8440445 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, data on the association of asymptomatic PAD with AAA are limited. We explored the association of symptomatic and asymptomatic PAD with AAA. METHODS We primarily assessed a prospective association of symptomatic (based on clinical history) and asymptomatic (ankle-brachial index ≤0.9) PAD at baseline (1987-89 [ages 45-64 years]) with incident AAA in a biracial community-based cohort, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. We secondarily investigated a cross-sectional association of PAD with ultrasound-based AAA (diameter≥3.0 cm) (2011-13 [ages 67-91 years]). RESULTS Of 14,148 participants (55.1% female, 25.5% black, 0.9% with symptomatic PAD) in our prospective analysis (median follow-up 22.5 years), 530 (3.7%) developed incident AAA. Symptomatic PAD had a higher hazard ratio (HR) of incident AAA [4.91 (95%CI 2.88-8.37)], as did asymptomatic PAD with ABI≤0.9 [2.33 (1.55-3.51)], compared to the reference ABI>1.1-1.2 in demographically-adjusted models. Crude 15-year cumulative incidence of AAA in these three groups were 12.3%, 3.9%, and 1.5%, respectively. The associations remained significant after accounting for other potential confounders [corresponding HR 2.96 (95%CI 1.73-5.07) and 1.52 (95%CI 1.00-2.30), respectively]. The cross-sectional analysis demonstrated similar patterns with ultrasound-based AAA [odds ratio 2.46 (95%CI 1.26-4.81) for symptomatic PAD and 3.98 (1.96-8.08) for asymptomatic PAD in a demographically-adjusted model]. CONCLUSIONS Our prospective and cross-sectional data show elevated risk of AAA in both symptomatic and asymptomatic PAD. Our data support the current recommendation of AAA screening in symptomatic PAD patients and suggest the potential extension to asymptomatic PAD patients as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin W Hicks
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ada Al-Qunaibet
- Department of Public Health Analytics and Research, Public Health Authority, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Lucia Kwak
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | | | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
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9
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Høgh J, Pham MHC, Knudsen AD, Thudium RF, Gelpi M, Sigvardsen PE, Fuchs A, Kühl JT, Afzal S, Nordestgaard BG, Benfield T, Køber L, Gerstoft J, Kofoed KF, Nielsen SD. HIV infection is associated with thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms: a prospective matched cohort study. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:2924-2931. [PMID: 34240121 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Little is known about the prevalence of aortic aneurysms among people living with HIV (PLWH). We investigated whether HIV status is independently associated with having aortic aneurysms. Furthermore, we determined risk factors associated with aortic aneurysms in PLWH. METHODS AND RESULTS PLWH aged ≥40 years (n = 594) were recruited from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection study and matched for age and sex with uninfected controls (n = 1188) from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Aortic dimensions were assessed using contrast enhanced computed tomography. Aortic aneurysms were defined according to the European Society of Cardiology guidelines, i.e. an aortic dilation of ≥50% or an infrarenal aortic diameter of ≥30 mm. Among PLWH and uninfected controls, the median (interquartile range) age was 52 (47-60) and 52 (48-61) and 88% and 90% were male, respectively. We found 46 aneurysms in 42 (7.1%) PLWH and 31 aneurysms in 29 (2.4%) uninfected controls (P < 0.001). PLWH had a significantly higher prevalence of ascending aortic aneurysms and infrarenal aortic aneurysms. In an adjusted model, HIV was independently associated with aortic aneurysms (adjusted odds ratio; 4.51 [95% confidence interval 2.56-8.08], P < 0.001). Within PLWH, obesity and hepatitis B co-infection were associated with aortic aneurysms. CONCLUSION PLWH had four-fold higher odds of aortic aneurysms compared to uninfected controls, and HIV status was independently associated with aortic aneurysms. Among PLWH, age, obesity and hepatitis B co-infection were associated with higher odds of aortic aneurysms. Our findings suggest that increased attention to aortic aneurysms in PLWH may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Høgh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Esther Møllers Vej 6, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Huy Cuong Pham
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Esther Møllers Vej 6, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebekka Faber Thudium
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Esther Møllers Vej 6, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Gelpi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Esther Møllers Vej 6, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Ejlstrup Sigvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Fuchs
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Tobias Kühl
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Kbh N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Kbh N, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager Hvidovre, Kettegård Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Kbh N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Esther Møllers Vej 6, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Kbh N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Kbh N, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Esther Møllers Vej 6, 2100 Kbh Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Kbh N, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Elitary Research Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke Søgaard
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Elitary Research Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Advisory Board Regarding the National Screening Programmes, Danish National Board of Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Kontogeorgi E, Sagris M, Kokkinidis DG, Hasemaki N, Tsakotos G, Tsapralis D, Kakisis JD, Schizas D. Abdominal aortic aneurysms and abdominal wall hernias - a systematic review and meta-analysis. VASA 2021; 50:270-279. [PMID: 33739140 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Abdominal wall hernias (AWHs) share common epidemiological characteristics with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), typically presenting in male population and older ages. Prior reports have associated those two disease entities. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis and examine whether AAA rates are higher among patients with AWH vs controls and whether the incidence of AWH was higher among patients with AAA vs patients without AAA. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the PRISMA guidelines. The Medline database was searched up to July 31, 2020. A random effects meta-analysis was performed. Results: In total, 17 articles and 738,972 participants were included in the systematic review, while 107,578 patients were eligible for the meta-analysis. Among four studies investigating the incidence of AAA in patients with hernias, AAA was more common in patients with hernias, compared to patients without hernias. [OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.24-5.16, I2=81.6%]. Among thirteen studies that compared patients with known AAA vs no AAA, the incidence of hernias was higher in patients with AAA, compared with patients without AAA [OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.66-3.09, I2=84.6%]. Conclusions: Our study findings indicate that a strong association between AWH and AAA exists. AWHs could therefore be used as an additional selection criterion for screening patients for AAA, apart from age, gender, family history and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Kontogeorgi
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Sagris
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Damianos G Kokkinidis
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Natasha Hasemaki
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsakotos
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - John D Kakisis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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12
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Dansey KD, Varkevisser RRB, Swerdlow NJ, Li C, de Guerre LEVM, Liang P, Marcaccio C, O'Donnell TFX, Carroll BJ, Schermerhorn ML. Epidemiology of endovascular and open repair for abdominal aortic aneurysms in the United States from 2004 to 2015 and implications for screening. J Vasc Surg 2021; 74:414-424. [PMID: 33592293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contemporary national trends in the repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and intact AAAs are relatively unknown. Furthermore, screening is only covered by insurance for patients aged 65 to 75 years with a family history of AAAs and for men with a positive smoking history. It is unclear what proportion of patients who present with a ruptured AAA would have been candidates for screening. METHODS Using the National Inpatient Sample from 2004 to 2015, we identified ruptured and intact AAA admissions and repairs using the International Classification of Diseases codes. We generated the screening-eligible cohort using previously identified proportions of male smokers (87%) and all patients with a family history of AAAs (10%) and applied these proportions to patients aged 65 to 75 years. We accounted for those who could have had a previous AAA diagnosis (17%), either from screening or an incidental detection in patients aged >75 years who had presented with AAA rupture. The primary outcomes were treatment and in-hospital mortality between patients meeting the criteria for screening vs those who did not. RESULTS We evaluated 65,125 admissions for ruptured AAAs and 461,191 repairs for intact AAAs. Overall, an estimated 45,037 admitted patients (68%) and 25,777 patients who had undergone repair for ruptured AAAs (59%) did not meet the criteria for screening. Of the patients who did not qualify, 27,653 (63%) were aged >75 years, 10,603 (24%) were aged <65 years, and 16,103 (36%) were women. Endovascular AAA repair (EVAR) increased for ruptured AAAs from 10% in 2004 to 55% in 2015 (P < .001), with operative mortality of 35%. EVAR increased for intact AAAs from 45% in 2004 to 83% in 2015 (P < .001), with operative mortality of 2.0%. CONCLUSIONS Most patients who had undergone repair for ruptured AAAs did not qualify for screening. EVAR was the primary treatment of both ruptured and intact AAAs with relatively low in-hospital mortality. Therefore, expansion of the screening criteria to include selected women and a wider age range should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten D Dansey
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Rens R B Varkevisser
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Nicholas J Swerdlow
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Chun Li
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | | | - Patric Liang
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Christina Marcaccio
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Thomas F X O'Donnell
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Brett J Carroll
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Marc L Schermerhorn
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.
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13
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de Boer AR, Vaartjes I, van Dis I, van Herwaarden JA, Nathoe HM, Ruigrok YM, Bots ML, Visseren FLJ. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients with clinically manifest vascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 29:1170-1176. [PMID: 33624031 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Declining prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) might force a more targeted screening approach (high-risk populations only) in order to maintain (cost-)effectiveness. We aimed to determine temporal changes in the prevalence of screening-detected AAA, to assess AAA-related surgery, and evaluate all-cause mortality in patients with manifest vascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We included patients with manifest vascular disease but without a history of AAA enrolled in the ongoing single-centre prospective UCC-SMART cohort study. Patients were screened at baseline for AAA by abdominal ultrasonography. We calculated sex- and age-specific prevalence of AAA, probability of survival in relation to the presence of AAA, and the proportion of patients undergoing AAA-related surgery. Prevalence of screening-detected AAA in 5440 screened men was 2.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-2.9%] and in 1983 screened women 0.7% (95% CI 0.4-1.1%). Prevalence declined from 1997 until 2017 in men aged 70-79 years from 8.1% to 3.2% and in men aged 60-69 years from 5.7% to 1.0%. 36% of patients with screening-detected AAA received elective AAA-related surgery during follow-up (median time until surgery = 5.3 years, interquartile range 2.5-9.1). Patients with screening-detected AAA had a lower probability of survival (sex and age adjusted) compared to patients without screening-detected AAA (51%, 95% CI 41-64% vs. 69%, 95% CI 68-71%) after 15 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION The prevalence of screening-detected AAA has declined over the period 1997-2017 in men with vascular disease but exceeds prevalence in already established screening programs targeting 65-year-old men. Screening for AAA in patients with vascular disease may be cost-effective, but this remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarijn R de Boer
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Dutch Heart Foundation, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Dutch Heart Foundation, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joost A van Herwaarden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik M Nathoe
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ynte M Ruigrok
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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14
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Schack AS, Stubbe J, Steffensen LB, Mahmoud H, Laursen MS, Lindholt JS. Intraluminal infusion of Penta-Galloyl Glucose reduces abdominal aortic aneurysm development in the elastase rat model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234409. [PMID: 32857766 PMCID: PMC7454949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a progressive chronic dilatation of the abdominal aorta with terminally rupture when the aortic wall is so weakened that aortic wall stress exceeds wall strength. No effective medical treatment exists so far. We aimed to test whether intraluminal admission of Penta-Galloyl Glucose (PGG) treatment in a rodent AAA model could hold the potential to inhibit aneurysmal progression. METHOD Male Sprague Dawley rats had either intraluminal elastase infused for AAA induction or saline to serve as controls. In two independent experimental series, elastase was used to induce AAA followed by an intraluminal PGG (directly or by a drug eluting balloon) treatment. All rats were followed for 28 days and euthanized. In both series, maximal infrarenal aortic diameter was measured at baseline and at termination as a measure of AAA size. In series 2, maximal internally AAA diameter was followed by ultrasound weekly. AAA tissues were analyzed for elastin integrity by millers stain, collagen deposition by masson trichrome staining. In other AAA tissue samples the mRNA level of CD45, lysyloxidase (LOX), lysyloxidase like protein 1 (LOXL1) were determined by qPCR. RESULTS Direct administration of PGG significantly reduced AAA expansion when compared to controls. PGG treatment resulted in a higher number and more preserved elastic fibers in the aneurysmal wall, while no significant difference was seen in the levels of CD45 and LOX mRNA levels. The drug eluting balloon (DEB) experiment showed no significant difference in AAA size observed neither macroscopically nor ultrasonically. Also the aneurysmal mRNA levels of CD45, LOX and LOXL1 were unchanged between groups. CONCLUSION A significant reduced expansion of AAAs was observed in the PGG group, suggesting PGG as a drug to inhibit aneurysmal progression, while administration through a DEB did not show a promising new way of administration.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/drug therapy
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Elastic Tissue/drug effects
- Elastic Tissue/pathology
- Hydrolyzable Tannins/administration & dosage
- Infusions, Intralesional/instrumentation
- Infusions, Intralesional/methods
- Male
- Pancreatic Elastase/administration & dosage
- Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Asbjørn Sune Schack
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jane Stubbe
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lasse Bach Steffensen
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hend Mahmoud
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Malene Skaarup Laursen
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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15
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Rockley M, Radonjic A, LeBlanc D, Jetty P. The futility of surveillance for old and small aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2020; 72:162-170.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Saw ST, Leong BDK, Abdul Aziz DA. Early Detection of Undiagnosed Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Sub-Aneurysmal Aortic Dilatations in Patients with High-Risk Coronary Artery Disease: The Value of Targetted Screening Programme. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2020; 16:215-229. [PMID: 32606718 PMCID: PMC7293413 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s250735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and coronary artery disease (CAD) share common risk factors. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed AAA in patients with angiographically diagnosed significant CAD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Male patients aged 50 years and above (including indigenous people) with angiographically diagnosed significant CAD in the recent one year were screened for AAA. Standard definition of abdominal aortic aneurysm and CAD was used. All new patients were followed up for six months for AAA events (ruptured AAA and AAA-related mortality). RESULTS A total of 277 male patients were recruited into this study. The total prevalence of undiagnosed AAA in this study population was 1.1% (95% CI 0.2-3.1). In patients with high-risk CAD, the prevalence of undiagnosed AAA was 1.7% (95% CI 0.3-4.8). The detected aneurysms ranged in size from 35.0mm to 63.8mm. Obesity was a common factor in these patients. There were no AAA-related mortality or morbidity during the follow-up. Although the total prevalence of undiagnosed AAA is low in the studied population, the prevalence of sub-aneurysmal aortic dilatation in patients with significant CAD was high at 6.6% (95% CI 3.9-10.2), in which majority were within the younger age group than 65 years old. CONCLUSION This was the first study on the prevalence of undiagnosed AAA in a significant CAD population involving indigenous people in the island of Borneo. Targeted screening of patients with high-risk CAD even though they are younger than 65 years old effectively discover potentially harmful asymptomatic AAA and sub-aneurysmal aortic dilatations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siong Teng Saw
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Hospital Queen Elizabeth II, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah88300, Malaysia
| | | | - Dayang Anita Abdul Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur56000, Malaysia
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17
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Murray M, Costa AF. Appropriateness of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening With Ultrasound: Potential Cost Savings With Guideline Adherence and Review of Prior Imaging. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 72:398-403. [PMID: 32364410 DOI: 10.1177/0846537120920866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the appropriateness of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening with ultrasound (US) and potential cost savings by adhering to guidelines and reviewing prior imaging. METHODS Screening aortic US performed in Nova Scotia from January 1 to April 30, 2019, were reviewed. Patient sex, age, risk factors, and study result (negative, <2.5 cm; ectatic, 2.5-2.9 cm; positive for AAA, ≥3 cm) were recorded. Previous imaging tests were reviewed for the presence/absence of aortic ectasia or aneurysm. Appropriateness was based on the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (CTFPHC) and the Canadian Society of Vascular Surgery (CSVS) guidelines. The number of potentially averted US, subsequent missed positive findings, and cost savings (over the 4-month period) were calculated according to: 1) each guideline; and 2) each guideline combined with review of imaging done 0 to 5 years and 0 to 10 years previously. RESULTS There were 17 (4.6%) of 369 ectatic aortas and 18 (4.9%) of 369 AAAs. The number of potentially averted examinations, missed ectatic aortas, missed AAAs, and cost savings were as follows, respectively: CTFPHC, 222 (60.2%) of 369, 8, 7, and CAD$20 501.70; CSVS, 117 (31.7%) of 369, 4, 2, and CAD$10 804.95. The model that would yield the greatest cost savings and fewest missed positive findings was the combination of CSVS guidelines with review of prior imaging within 5 years; this would avert 189 (51.2%) of 369 examinations, save CAD$17 454.15 over 4 months, and miss only 2 AAAs and 2 ectatic aortas. CONCLUSION Over half of aortic US screening tests can be safely averted by adhering to CSVS guidelines and reviewing imaging performed within 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Murray
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and 12361Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andreu F Costa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and 12361Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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18
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O'donnell TF, Landon BE, Schermerhorn ML. The case for expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm screening. J Vasc Surg 2020; 71:1809-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Schermerhorn
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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Guirguis-Blake JM, Beil TL, Senger CA, Coppola EL. Primary Care Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2019; 322:2219-2238. [PMID: 31821436 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.17021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have mortality estimated at 81%. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the evidence on benefits and harms of AAA screening and small aneurysm treatment to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PubMed (publisher supplied only), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant English-language studies published through September 2018. Surveillance continued through July 2019. STUDY SELECTION Trials of AAA screening benefits and harms; trials and cohort studies of small (3.0-5.4 cm) AAA treatment benefits and harms. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles and extracted data. The Peto method was used to pool odds ratios (ORs) for AAA-related mortality, rupture, and operations; the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to pool calculated risk ratios for all-cause mortality. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES AAA and all-cause mortality; AAA rupture; treatment complications. RESULTS Fifty studies (N = 323 279) met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of population-based randomized clinical trials (RCTs) estimated that a screening invitation to men 65 years or older was associated with a reduction in AAA-related mortality over 12 to 15 years (OR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.57-0.74]; 4 RCTs [n = 124 926]), AAA-related ruptures over 12 to 15 years (OR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.55-0.70]; 4 RCTs [n = 124 929]), and emergency surgical procedures over 4 to 15 years (OR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.48-0.68]; 5 RCTS [n = 175 085]). In contrast, no significant association with all-cause mortality benefit was seen at 12- to 15-year follow-up (relative risk, 0.99 [95% CI 0.98-1.00]; 4 RCTs [n = 124 929]). One-time screening was associated with significantly more procedures over 4 to 15 years in the invited group compared with the control group (OR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.34-1.55]; 5 RCTs [n = 175 085]). Four trials (n = 3314) of small aneurysm surgical treatment demonstrated no significant difference in AAA-related mortality or all-cause mortality compared with surveillance over 1.7 to 12 years. These 4 early surgery trials showed a substantial increase in procedures in the early surgery group. For small aneurysm treatment, registry data (3 studies [n = 14 424]) showed that women had higher surgical complications and postoperative mortality compared with men. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE One-time AAA screening in men 65 years or older was associated with decreased AAA-related mortality and rupture rates but was not associated with all-cause mortality benefit. Higher rates of elective surgery but no long-term differences in quality of life resulted from screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Guirguis-Blake
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Tacoma
- Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tracy L Beil
- Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Caitlyn A Senger
- Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Erin L Coppola
- Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
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Paraskevas KI, Eckstein HH, Nicolaides AN, Geroulakos G. Screening for and Optimal Management of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: The Quest Continues. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019; 18:663-666. [PMID: 31769359 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118999191126145824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosmas I Paraskevas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - George Geroulakos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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22
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Larsen JH, Rasmussen LM, Lindholt JS, Steffensen LB. Plasma CCN2 is independently related to subsequent need for abdominal aorta aneurysm repair. Growth Factors 2019; 37:146-152. [PMID: 31559874 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2019.1662416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if plasma CCN2 is associated with abdominal aorta aneurysm (AAA), and future need for AAA repair, and further to assess the potential clinical value of CCN2 in predicting disease outcome. CCN2 was quantified in plasma samples obtained from a cohort of 679 men aged 65-74 at initial ultrasound screening for AAA in the Viborg Vascular (VIVA) screening trial. Plasma CCN2 was correlated with need for future surgical repair in the whole study population (HR = 1.457 (1.081-1.962), p = .013) and in the AAA group alone (HR = 1.431 (1.064-1.926), p = .018), yet the predictive value (CCN2 > 0 and <0 of 0.52 and 0.55, respectively) disqualified its use in clinically relevant AAA repair prediction. In conclusion, CCN2 is independently related to subsequent need for AAA repair, but has negligible predictive power for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Hjortshøj Larsen
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Vascular Research Unit, Viborg Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Lasse Bach Steffensen
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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23
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Chan WC, Papaconstantinou D, Winnard D, Jackson G. Retrospective review of abdominal aortic aneurysm deaths in New Zealand: what proportion of deaths is potentially preventable by a screening programme in the contemporary setting? BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027291. [PMID: 31366645 PMCID: PMC6677995 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the proportions of people dying from abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) who might have benefited from a formal screening programme for AAA. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional review of deaths. SETTING AND STUDY POPULATIONS All AAA deaths registered in New Zealand from 2010 to 2014 in the absence of a national AAA screening programme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Known history of AAA prior to the acute event leading to AAA death, prognosis limiting comorbidities, history of prior abdominal imaging and a validated multimorbidity measure (M3-index scores). RESULTS 1094 AAA deaths were registered in the 5 years between 2010 and 2014 in New Zealand. Prior to the acute AAA event resulting in death, 31.3% of the cohort had a known AAA diagnosis, and 10.9% had a previous AAA procedure. On average, the AAA diagnosis was known 3.7 years prior to death. At least 77% of the people dying from AAA also had one or more other prognosis limiting diagnosis. The hazard of 1-year mortality associated with the non-AAA related comorbidities for the AAA cohort aged 65 or above were 1.5-2.6 times higher than to the age matched general population based on M3-index scores. In 2014, overall AAA deaths accounted for only 0.7% of total deaths, and 1.0% of deaths among men aged 65 or above in New Zealand. At most, 20% of people dying from AAA in New Zealand between 2010 and 2014 might have had the potential to derive full benefit from a screening programme. About 51% of cases would have derived no or very limited benefit from a screening programme. CONCLUSION Falling AAA mortality, and high prevalence of competing comorbidities and/or prior AAA diagnosis and procedure raises the question about the likely value of a national AAA screening programme in a country such as New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Cheuk Chan
- Population Health, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Doone Winnard
- Population Health, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gary Jackson
- Population Health, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
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24
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Zimmerman DL, Min DJ, Summers KL, Sheahan C, Sheahan MG. Health literacy and abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2019; 71:490-496. [PMID: 31204214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the public's knowledge of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Although preventive screening is available, millions of Americans remain unaware of their risk. Improved health literacy has been associated with increased screening and improvement in health outcomes. This study assessed the level of AAA literacy among respondents who participated in a free AAA screening event. METHODS Thirteen key words used by vascular surgeons to describe the risk, diagnosis, and treatment options for AAA were extracted from the screening tool used by the nation's largest provider of free AAA diagnostic services, AAAneurysm Outreach. The National Institutes of Health recommends readability of patient education materials to be at the sixth-grade level, but a readability analysis of these words placed them at a grade level of 14.6. A self-administrated questionnaire was developed that allowed respondents to compare each of the extracted words with a definitionally correct or incorrect word that reflected a sixth-grade readability score. These scores were then compared with the available demographics. RESULTS There were 570 completed questionnaires. Of the participants, 57.6% were female, 61.4% were 60 and above, and 32.6% were veterans. The average number of correct answers was 9.31 out of 13 (72% correct). Only 4.7% answered all questions correctly, with 29.1% missing five or more answers. The most frequently missed words were asymptomatic, screening, and cholesterol (56.5%, 44%, and 41.4% incorrect, respectively). The most frequently known terms were abdominal, diagnosis, and genetic (96%, 95.3%, and 91.9% correct, respectively). The remaining words fell between these extremes. Those aged 60 and above scored significantly lower than younger respondents (P < .0001). A post hoc power analysis indicated that the power to detect the obtained effects of age at the .05 level was greater than 0.95. Gender and veteran status did not produce any significant differences. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest an important communication gap between the words used by clinicians to describe the risks, diagnostic results, and treatment options of AAA and the targeted at-risk population, especially those 60 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Zimmerman
- Healthcare Management Program, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, La
| | - Dong-Jun Min
- Department of Management and Marketing, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, La
| | - Kelli L Summers
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, La
| | - Claudie Sheahan
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, La
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Lindholt JS, Rasmussen LM, Søgaard R, Lambrechtsen J, Steffensen FH, Frost L, Egstrup K, Urbonaviciene G, Busk M, Olsen MH, Hallas J, Diederichsen AC. Baseline findings of the population-based, randomized, multifaceted Danish cardiovascular screening trial (DANCAVAS) of men aged 65–74 years. Br J Surg 2019; 106:862-871. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The challenge of managing age-related diseases is increasing; routine checks by the general practitioner do not reduce cardiovascular mortality. The aim here was to reduce cardiovascular mortality by advanced population-based cardiovascular screening. The present article reports the organization of the study, the acceptability of the screening offer, and the relevance of multifaceted screening for prevention and management of cardiovascular disease.
Methods
Danish men aged 65–74 years were invited randomly (1 : 2) to a cardiovascular screening examination using low-dose non-contrast CT, ankle and brachial BP measurements, and blood tests.
Results
In all, 16 768 of 47 322 men aged 65–74 years were invited and 10 471 attended (uptake 62·4 per cent). Of these, 3481 (33·2 per cent) had a coronary artery calcium score above 400 units. Thoracic aortic aneurysm was diagnosed in the ascending aorta (diameter 45 mm or greater) in 468 men (4·5 per cent), in the arch (at least 40 mm) in 48 (0·5 per cent) and in the descending aorta (35 mm or more) in 233 (2·2 per cent). Abdominal aortic aneurysm (at least 30 mm) and iliac aneurysm (20 mm or greater) were diagnosed in 533 (5·1 per cent) and 239 (2·3 per cent) men respectively. Peripheral artery disease was diagnosed in 1147 men (11·0 per cent), potentially uncontrolled hypertension (at least 160/100 mmHg) in 835 (8·0 per cent), previously unknown atrial fibrillation confirmed by ECG in 50 (0·5 per cent), previously unknown diabetes mellitus in 180 (1·7 per cent) and isolated severe hyperlipidaemia in 48 men (0·5 per cent).
In all, 4387 men (41·9 per cent), excluding those with potentially uncontrolled hypertension, were referred for additional cardiovascular prevention. Of these, 3712 (35·5 per cent of all screened men, but 84·6 per cent of those referred) consented and were started on medication.
Conclusion
Multifaceted cardiovascular screening is feasible and may optimize cardiovascular disease prevention in men aged 65–74 years. Uptake is lower than in aortic aneurysm screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lindholt
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - L M Rasmussen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - R Søgaard
- Department of Public Health and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Lambrechtsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - F H Steffensen
- Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - L Frost
- Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Centre, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - K Egstrup
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - G Urbonaviciene
- Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Centre, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - M Busk
- Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - M H Olsen
- CIMA, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - J Hallas
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A C Diederichsen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Abstract
In Europe, the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in the elderly population (≥65 year old) has declined in the past decades to <4%. Aneurysmal degeneration of the aorta is a serious and potentially life-threatening vascular disease. Abdominal aortic aneurysms typically develop subclinically and often only become symptomatic when complicated by impending rupture. Most AAAs are discovered incidentally while investigating for an unrelated pathology. Ruptured AAA is the tenth leading cause of death in Belgium (0.32% of all deaths in 2014). Health-care providers have emphasized the importance of early detection of AAA and elective repair when the rupture risk outweighs operative risk (usual diameter threshold of 55 mm). Routine AAA screening programs, consisting of a single abdominal ultrasonography at the age of 65 years, aim to reduce the number of AAA-related deaths. Does population-based ultrasound screening for AAA achieve its objective and is it cost-effective? This literature review tries to answer these challenging questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Sprynger
- Department of Cardiology-Angiology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Hendrik Van Damme
- Department of Cardiology-Angiology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benny Drieghe
- Department of Cardiology-Angiology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J. C. Wautrecht
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Hospital ULB Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Moonen
- Department of Cardiology-Angiology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
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27
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Ying AJ, Affan ET. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Cost. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 54:298-303.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Altobelli E, Rapacchietta L, Profeta VF, Fagnano R. Risk Factors for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Population-Based Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15122805. [PMID: 30544688 PMCID: PMC6313801 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) represents an important public health problem with a prevalence between 1.3% and 12.5%. Several population-based randomized trials have evaluated ultrasound screening for AAA providing evidence of a reduction in aneurysm-related mortality in the screened population. The aim of our study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk factors for AAA. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies and we performed a meta-analysis that evaluated the following risk factors: gender, smoking habits, hypertension, coronary artery disease and family history of AAA. Respect to a previous a meta-analysis we added the funnel plot to examine the effect sizes estimated from individual studies as measure of their precision; sensitivity analysis to check the stability of study findings and estimate how the overall effect size would be modified by removal of one study; cumulative analysis to evaluate the trend between studies in relation to publication year. Abdominal aortic aneurysm prevalence is higher in smokers and in males. On the other hand, while diabetes is a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases, it is not a risk factor for AAA. In addition, it is important to underline that all countries, where AAA screening was set up, had high income level and the majority belong to Western Europe (United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy, Poland, Spain and Belgium). Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening is fundamental for public health. It could avoid deaths, ruptures, and emergency surgical interventions if abdominal aortic aneurysm was diagnosed early in the population target for screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Altobelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Local Health Unit, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | | | - Valerio F Profeta
- Department of community Health, Local Health Unit, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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29
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Torres-Fonseca M, Galan M, Martinez-Lopez D, Cañes L, Roldan-Montero R, Alonso J, Reyero-Postigo T, Orriols M, Mendez-Barbero N, Sirvent M, Blanco-Colio LM, Martínez J, Martin-Ventura JL, Rodríguez C. Pathophisiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm: biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2018; 31:166-177. [PMID: 30528271 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular pathology with a high rate of morbidity and mortality and a prevalence that, in men over 65 years, can reach around 8%. In this disease, usually asymptomatic, there is a progressive dilatation of the vascular wall that can lead to its rupture, a fatal phenomenon in more than 80% of cases. The treatment of patients with asymptomatic aneurysms is limited to periodic monitoring with imaging tests, control of cardiovascular risk factors and treatment with statins and antiplatelet therapy. There is no effective pharmacological treatment capable of limiting AAA progression or avoiding their rupture. At present, the aortic diameter is the only marker of risk of rupture and determines the need for surgical repair when it reaches values greater than 5.5cm. This review addresses the main aspects related to epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and clinical management of AAA, exposes the difficulties to have good biomarkers of this pathology and describes the strategies for the identification of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers in AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Torres-Fonseca
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - María Galan
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Diego Martinez-Lopez
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Laia Cañes
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Raquel Roldan-Montero
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Judit Alonso
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Teresa Reyero-Postigo
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Mar Orriols
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Nerea Mendez-Barbero
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Marc Sirvent
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - José Martínez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Jose Luis Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España.
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España.
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30
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Ali MU, Fitzpatrick-lewis D, Kenny M, Miller J, Raina P, Sherifali D. A systematic review of short-term vs long-term effectiveness of one-time abdominal aortic aneurysm screening in men with ultrasound. J Vasc Surg 2018; 68:612-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.03.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a permanent dilatation of the abdominal aorta that exceeds 3 cm. Most AAAs arise in the portion of abdominal aorta distal to the renal arteries and are defined as infrarenal. Most AAAs are totally asymptomatic until catastrophic rupture. The strongest predictor of AAA rupture is the diameter. Surgery is indicated to prevent rupture when the risk of rupture exceeds the risk of surgery. In this review, we aim to analyze this disease comprehensively, starting from an epidemiological perspective, exploring etiology and pathophysiology, and concluding with surgical controversies. We will pursue these goals by addressing eight specific questions regarding AAA: (1) Is the incidence of AAA increasing? (2) Are ultrasound screening programs for AAA effective? (3) What causes AAA: Genes versus environment? (4) Animal models: Are they really relevant? (5) What pathophysiology leads to AAA? (6) Indications for AAA surgery: Are surgeons over-eager to operate? (7) Elective AAA repair: Open or endovascular? (8) Emergency AAA repair: Open or endovascular?
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Carino
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Timur P. Sarac
- Section of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Bulat A. Ziganshin
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgical Diseases # 2, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - John A. Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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32
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Meecham L, Summerour V, Hobbs S, Newman J, Wall ML. Prior Radiological Investigations in 65-Year-Old Men Screened for AAA. Ann Vasc Surg 2018; 49:164-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Søgaard R, Lindholt JS. Cost-effectiveness of population-based vascular disease screening and intervention in men from the Viborg Vascular (VIVA) trial. Br J Surg 2018; 105:1283-1293. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Population-based screening and intervention for abdominal aortic aneurysm, peripheral artery disease and hypertension was recently reported to reduce the relative risk of mortality among Danish men by 7 per cent. The aim of this study was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of vascular screening versus usual care (ad hoc primary care-based risk assessment) from a national health service perspective.
Methods
A cost-effectiveness evaluation was conducted alongside an RCT involving all men from a region in Denmark (50 156) who were allocated to screening (25 078) or no screening (25 078) and followed for up to 5 years. Mobile nurse teams provided screening locally and, for individuals with positive test results, referrals were made to general practices or hospital-based specialized centres for vascular surgery. Intention-to-treat-based, censoring-adjusted incremental costs (2014 euros), life-years and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated using Lin's average estimator method. Incremental net benefit was estimated using Willan's estimator and sensitivity analyses were conducted.
Results
The cost of screening was estimated at €148 (95 per cent c.i. 126 to 169), and the effectiveness at 0·022 (95 per cent c.i. 0·006 to 0·038) life-years and 0·069 (0·054 to 0·083) QALYs, generating average costs of €6872 per life-year and €2148 per QALY. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of €40 000 per QALY, the probabilities of cost-effectiveness were 98 and 99 per cent respectively. The probability of cost-effectiveness was 71 per cent when all the sensitivity analyses were combined into one conservative scenario.
Conclusion
Vascular screening appears to be cost-effective and compares favourably with current screening programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Søgaard
- Departments of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J S Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, and Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
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Benson RA, Meecham L, Fisher O, Loftus IM. Ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: current practice, challenges and controversies. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20170306. [PMID: 29582667 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The UK screening programme began in 2009, and has now been expanded around the UK. Long-term follow-up of the original cohorts continues to demonstrate significant benefits for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)-related and all-cause mortality , and results from the first 5 years of the formal screening programme have demonstrated similar success. Ultrasound scanning is an effective and safe screening tool for the detection of AAA, although a variety of measurement protocols are employed internationally. Key challenges for the future of the programme relate to declining incidence of screen detected aneurysms. Recent publications have demonstrated a UK incidence of only 1.34%, compared to 4.9-7.2% of men invited for screening in the original trials. Work into increasing engagement amongst the target group, and expanding screening to siblings and women is underway to address this issue. This review describes the evidence behind the screening programme, its justification in addressing AAA as a significant health problem and discusses some of the potential developments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Benson
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry , UK.,2 University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Lewis Meecham
- 3 Department of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, UK , Birmingham , UK
| | - Owain Fisher
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire , Coventry , UK
| | - Ian M Loftus
- 4 Department of Vascular Surgery, St Georges Hospital , London , UK
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Patel R, Powell JT, Sweeting MJ, Epstein DM, Barrett JK, Greenhalgh RM. The UK EndoVascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) randomised controlled trials: long-term follow-up and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess 2018; 22:1-132. [PMID: 29384470 PMCID: PMC5817412 DOI: 10.3310/hta22050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term survival benefits of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) compared with open repair (OR) of intact abdominal aortic aneurysms have been shown in randomised trials, but this early survival benefit is soon lost. Survival benefit of EVAR was unclear at follow-up to 10 years. OBJECTIVE To assess the long-term efficacy of EVAR against OR in patients deemed fit and suitable for both procedures (EVAR trial 1; EVAR-1); and against no intervention in patients unfit for OR (EVAR trial 2; EVAR-2). To appraise the long-term significance of type II endoleak and define criteria for intervention. DESIGN Two national, multicentre randomised controlled trials: EVAR-1 and EVAR-2. SETTING Patients were recruited from 37 hospitals in the UK between 1 September 1999 and 31 August 2004. PARTICIPANTS Men and women aged ≥ 60 years with an aneurysm of ≥ 5.5 cm (as identified by computed tomography scanning), anatomically suitable and fit for OR were randomly assigned 1 : 1 to either EVAR (n = 626) or OR (n = 626) in EVAR-1 using computer-generated sequences at the trial hub. Patients considered unfit were randomly assigned to EVAR (n = 197) or no intervention (n = 207) in EVAR-2. There was no blinding. INTERVENTIONS EVAR, OR or no intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end points were total and aneurysm-related mortality until mid-2015 for both trials. Secondary outcomes for EVAR-1 were reinterventions, costs and cost-effectiveness. RESULTS In EVAR-1, over a mean of 12.7 years (standard deviation 1.5 years; maximum 15.8 years), we recorded 9.3 deaths per 100 person-years in the EVAR group and 8.9 deaths per 100 person-years in the OR group [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97 to 1.27; p = 0.14]. At 0-6 months after randomisation, patients in the EVAR group had a lower mortality (adjusted HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.02 for total mortality; HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.93 for aneurysm-related mortality; p = 0.031), but beyond 8 years of follow-up patients in the OR group had a significantly lower mortality (adjusted HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.56, p = 0.048 for total mortality; HR 5.82, 95% CI 1.64 to 20.65, p = 0.0064 for aneurysm-related mortality). The increased aneurysm-related mortality in the EVAR group after 8 years was mainly attributable to secondary aneurysm sac rupture, with increased cancer mortality also observed in the EVAR group. Overall, aneurysm reintervention rates were higher in the EVAR group than in the OR group, 4.1 and 1.7 per 100 person-years, respectively (p < 0.001), with reinterventions occurring throughout follow-up. The mean difference in costs over 14 years was £3798 (95% CI £2338 to £5258). Economic modelling based on the outcomes of the EVAR-1 trial showed that the cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained over the patient's lifetime exceeds conventional thresholds used in the UK. In EVAR-2, patients died at the same rate in both groups, but there was suggestion of lower aneurysm mortality in those who actually underwent EVAR. Type II endoleak itself is not associated with a higher rate of mortality. LIMITATIONS Devices used were implanted between 1999 and 2004. Newer devices might have better results. Later follow-up imaging declined, particularly for OR patients. Methodology to capture reinterventions changed mainly to record linkage through the Hospital Episode Statistics administrative data set from 2009. CONCLUSIONS EVAR has an early survival benefit but an inferior late survival benefit compared with OR, which needs to be addressed by lifelong surveillance of EVAR and reintervention if necessary. EVAR does not prolong life in patients unfit for OR. Type II endoleak alone is relatively benign. FUTURE WORK To find easier ways to monitor sac expansion to trigger timely reintervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN55703451. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and the results will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 22, No. 5. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Patel
- Vascular Surgery Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Janet T Powell
- Vascular Surgery Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Sweeting
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David M Epstein
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK.,Department of Applied Economics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jessica K Barrett
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Oliver-Williams C, Sweeting MJ, Turton G, Parkin D, Cooper D, Rodd C, Thompson SG, Earnshaw JJ. Lessons learned about prevalence and growth rates of abdominal aortic aneurysms from a 25-year ultrasound population screening programme. Br J Surg 2017; 105:68-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess how the prevalence and growth rates of small and medium abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) (3·0–5·4 cm) have changed over time in men aged 65 years, and to evaluate long-term outcomes in men whose aortic diameter is 2·6–2·9 cm (subaneurysmal), and below the standard threshold for most surveillance programmes.
Methods
The Gloucestershire Aneurysm Screening Programme (GASP) started in 1990. Men aged 65 years with an aortic diameter of 2·6–5·4 cm, measured by ultrasonography using the inner to inner wall method, were included in surveillance. Aortic diameter growth rates were estimated separately for men who initially had a subaneurysmal aorta, and those who had a small or medium AAA, using mixed-effects models.
Results
Since 1990, 81 150 men had ultrasound screening for AAA (uptake 80·7 per cent), of whom 2795 had an aortic diameter of 2·6–5·4 cm. The prevalence of screen-detected AAA of 3·0 cm or larger decreased from 5·0 per cent in 1991 to 1·3 per cent in 2015. There was no evidence of a change in AAA growth rates during this time. Of men who initially had a subaneurysmal aorta, 57·6 (95 per cent c.i. 54·4 to 60·7) per cent were estimated to develop an AAA of 3·0 cm or larger within 5 years of the initial scan, and 28·0 (24·2 to 31·8) per cent to develop a large AAA (at least 5·5 cm) within 15 years.
Conclusion
The prevalence of screen-detected small and medium AAAs has decreased over the past 25 years, but growth rates have remained similar. Men with a subaneurysmal aorta at age 65 years have a substantial risk of developing a large AAA by the age of 80 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oliver-Williams
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - M J Sweeting
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Turton
- Cheltenham General Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | - D Parkin
- Cheltenham General Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | - D Cooper
- Cheltenham General Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | - C Rodd
- Cheltenham General Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | - S G Thompson
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - J J Earnshaw
- Cheltenham General Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
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Ali MU, Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Miller J, Warren R, Kenny M, Sherifali D, Raina P. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in asymptomatic adults. J Vasc Surg 2017; 64:1855-1868. [PMID: 27871502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report was produced for the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care to provide guidelines on screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with ultrasound scan. PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review is to examine the evidence on benefits and harms of AAA screening. SEARCH STRATEGY This systematic review considered studies from the most recent United States Preventive Services Task Force review on AAA screening and passed through the screening process with citations identified in our search up to April 2015 (PROSPERO Registration #CRD42015019047). RESULTS For benefits of one-time AAA screening in men compared with controls, pooled analyses from four randomized controlled trials with moderate quality evidence showed significant reductions in AAA-related mortality and AAA rupture rate up to 13 to 15 years of follow-up with 42% reduction (risk ratio [RR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.88; number needed to screen = 212) and 38% reduction (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.45-0.86; number needed to screen = 200), respectively. The effect of on all-cause mortality was marginally significant for longer follow-up. The Chichester trial examined the benefits of one-time AAA screening in women and found no significant differences between screening and control arms for up to 10 years of follow-up (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.72-1.07). For consequences of one-time AAA screening in men compared with controls, there was a significant increase in the total number of AAA-related procedures over a follow-up of 13 to 15 years (2.16 times more likely) compared with controls. For harms of one-time AAA screening, no significant differences were observed in 30-day postoperative mortality for elective and emergency operations with compared control groups. Evidence from the Multicenter Aneurysm Screening Study trial using 13-year follow-up data showed that one-time AAA screening with ultrasound scan was potentially associated with an overdiagnosis of 45% (95% CI, 42%-47%) among screen-detected men. CONCLUSIONS Population-based screening for AAA with ultrasound scan in asymptomatic men aged 65 years and older showed statistically significant reductions in AAA-related mortality and rupture and, hence, avoids unnecessary AAA-related deaths. The current evidence showed no benefit of one-time AAA screening in woman. Limited evidence is available on the benefits of repeat AAA screening and targeted screening approaches based on risk factors for AAA. Future research should explore the differential benefits of AAA screening based on risk factors that increase risk for developing AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Ali
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna Fitzpatrick-Lewis
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Miller
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Warren
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan Kenny
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Sherifali
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Parminder Raina
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Sisó-Almirall A, Kostov B, Navarro González M, Cararach Salami D, Pérez Jiménez A, Gilabert Solé R, Bru Saumell C, Donoso Bach L, Villalta Martí M, González-de Paz L, Ruiz Riera R, Riambau Alonso V, Acar-Denizli N, Farré Almacellas M, Ramos-Casals M, Benavent Àreu J. Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening program using hand-held ultrasound in primary healthcare. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176877. [PMID: 28453577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the feasibility of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening program led by family physicians in public primary healthcare setting using hand-held ultrasound device. The potential study population was 11,214 men aged ≥ 60 years attended by three urban, public primary healthcare centers. Participants were recruited by randomly-selected telephone calls. Ultrasound examinations were performed by four trained family physicians with a hand-held ultrasound device (Vscan®). AAA observed were verified by confirmatory imaging using standard ultrasound or computed tomography. Cardiovascular risk factors were determined. The prevalence of AAA was computed as the sum of previously-known aneurysms, aneurysms detected by the screening program and model-based estimated undiagnosed aneurysms. We screened 1,010 men, with mean age of 71.3 (SD 6.9) years; 995 (98.5%) men had normal aortas and 15 (1.5%) had AAA on Vscan®. Eleven out of 14 AAA-cases (78.6%) had AAA on confirmatory imaging (one patient died). The total prevalence of AAA was 2.49% (95%CI 2.20 to 2.78). The median aortic diameter at diagnosis was 3.5 cm in screened patients and 4.7 cm (p<0.001) in patients in whom AAA was diagnosed incidentally. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified coronary heart disease (OR = 4.6, 95%CI 1.3 to 15.9) as the independent factor with the highest odds ratio. A screening program led by trained family physicians using hand-held ultrasound was a feasible, safe and reliable tool for the early detection of AAA.
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Akturk UA, Kocak ND, Akturk S, Dumantepe M, Sengul A, Akcay MA, Akbay MO, Kabadayi F, Ernam D. What are the Prevalence of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases and the Characteristics of These Patients? Eurasian J Med 2017; 49:36-39. [PMID: 28416930 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2017.16156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to assess the characteristics of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stable COPD patients (age, >40 years) were included in the study between January 2014 and June 2014. Patients with acute exacerbations and a previous lung resection were excluded. Data regarding demographic characteristics were recorded. The modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale was used to assess the severity of breathlessness. The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) was performed. Abdominal aortic diameter was measured using abdominal ultrasonography (AUS), and AAA was diagnosed as an aortic diameter of ≥30 mm at the renal artery level. RESULTS In total, 82 patients were examined. AAA was detected in five (6.1%) patients. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease were present in four patients with AAA. The average mMRC score was 3.2±0.4, and the mean CAT score was 18.4±6.0. Aneurysmal diameter was >50 mm in four patients and 37 mm in one patient. Statistically significant differences were found between patient with AAA and those without AAA with respect to the mean abdominal aortic diameters at the renal artery and iliac artery levels (p=0.012 and 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that AAA is associated with COPD, with a prevalence rate of 6.1%. AAA is usually asymptomatic until a clinical status of rupture, which is associated with a higher mortality risk. Early diagnosis of AAA is lifesaving. In COPD patients, AAA might be easily determined using AUS, which is a noninvasive and relatively cheap procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulku Aka Akturk
- Department of Chest Disease, Süreyyapaşa Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Durmus Kocak
- Department of Chest Disease, Süreyyapaşa Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Akturk
- Department of Cardiology, Private Yüzyıl Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mert Dumantepe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Park Gebze Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Aysun Sengul
- Department of Chest Diseases, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Arif Akcay
- Department of Radiology, Süreyyapaşa Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Makbule Ozlem Akbay
- Department of Chest Disease, Süreyyapaşa Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyyaz Kabadayi
- Department of Chest Disease, Süreyyapaşa Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ernam
- Department of Chest Disease, Süreyyapaşa Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Takagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomo Ando
- Department of Cardiology, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Takuya Umemoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
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Rowbotham SE, Cavaye D, Jaeggi R, Jenkins JS, Moran CS, Moxon JV, Pinchbeck JL, Quigley F, Reid CM, Golledge J. Fenofibrate in the management of AbdoMinal aortic anEurysm (FAME): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:1. [PMID: 28049491 PMCID: PMC5209849 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a slowly progressive destructive process of the main abdominal artery. Experimental studies indicate that fibrates exert beneficial effects on AAAs by mechanisms involving both serum lipid modification and favourable changes to the AAA wall. Methods/design Fenofibrate in the management of AbdoMinal aortic anEurysm (FAME) is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of orally administered therapy with fenofibrate on key pathological markers of AAA in patients undergoing open AAA repair. A total of 42 participants scheduled for an elective open AAA repair will be randomly assigned to either 145 mg of fenofibrate per day or identical placebo for a minimum period of 2 weeks prior to surgery. Primary outcome measures will be macrophage number and osteopontin (OPN) concentration within the AAA wall as well as serum concentrations of OPN. Secondary outcome measures will include levels of matrix metalloproteinases and proinflammatory cytokines within the AAA wall, periaortic fat and intramural thrombus and circulating concentrations of AAA biomarkers. Discussion At present, there is no recognised medical therapy to limit AAA progression. The FAME trial aims to assess the ability of fenofibrate to alter tissue markers of AAA pathology. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12612001226897. Registered on 20 November 2012. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1752-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Rowbotham
- The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Doug Cavaye
- Department of Vascular Surgery. Holy Spirit Northside Private Hospital, Chermside, QLD, 4032, Australia
| | - Rene Jaeggi
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Jason S Jenkins
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Joseph V Moxon
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Jenna L Pinchbeck
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | | | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. .,College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. .,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
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Kvist TV, Lindholt JS, Rasmussen LM, Søgaard R, Lambrechtsen J, Steffensen FH, Frost L, Olsen MH, Mickley H, Hallas J, Urbonaviciene G, Busk M, Egstrup K, Diederichsen ACP. The DanCavas Pilot Study of Multifaceted Screening for Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women Aged 65-74 Years. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 53:123-131. [PMID: 27890524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND This pilot study of a large population based randomised screening trial investigated feasibility, acceptability, and relevance (prevalence of clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease [CVD] and proportion receiving insufficient prevention) of a multifaceted screening for CVD. METHODS In total, 2060 randomly selected Danish men and women aged 65-74 years were offered (i) low dose non-contrast computed tomography to detect coronary artery calcification (CAC) and aortic/iliac aneurysms; (ii) detection of atrial fibrillation (AF); (iii) brachial and ankle blood pressure measurements; and (iv) blood levels of cholesterol and hemoglobin A1c. Web based self booking and data management was used to reduce the administrative burden. RESULTS Attendance rates were 64.9% (n = 678) and 63.0% (n = 640) for men and women, respectively. In total, 39.7% received a recommendation for medical preventive actions. Prevalence of aneurysms was 12.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.9-14.9) in men and 1.1% (95% CI 0.3-1.9) in women, respectively (p < .001). A CAC score > 400 was found in 37.8% of men and 11.3% of women (p < .001), along with a significant increase in median CAC score with age (p = .03). Peripheral arterial disease was more prevalent in men (18.8%, 95% CI 15.8-21.8) than in women (11.2%, 95% CI 8.7-13.6). No significant differences between the sexes were found with regard to newly discovered AF (men 1.3%, women 0.5%), potential hypertension (men 9.7%, women 11.5%), hypercholesterolemia (men 0.9%, women 1.1%) or diabetes mellitus (men 2.1%, women 1.3%). CONCLUSION Owing to the higher prevalence of severe conditions, such as aneurysms and CAC ≥ 400, screening for CVD seemed more prudent in men than women. The attendance rates were acceptable compared with other screening programs and the logistical structure of the screening program proved successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Kvist
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualised Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense, Denmark.
| | - J S Lindholt
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualised Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense, Denmark; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - L M Rasmussen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualised Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense, Denmark
| | - R Søgaard
- Department of Public Health and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Lambrechtsen
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Odense Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - F H Steffensen
- Department of Cardiology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - L Frost
- Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Centre, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - M H Olsen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualised Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense, Denmark
| | - H Mickley
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - J Hallas
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - G Urbonaviciene
- Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Centre, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - M Busk
- Department of Cardiology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - K Egstrup
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Odense Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - A C P Diederichsen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualised Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
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Makrygiannis G, Labalue P, Erpicum M, Schlitz M, Seidel L, El Hachemi M, Gangolf M, Albert A, Defraigne JO, Lindholt JS, Sakalihasan N. Extending Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Detection to Older Age Groups: Preliminary Results from the Liège Screening Programme. Ann Vasc Surg 2016; 36:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Rajiah P, Reiber JHC, Partovi S. Population based ultrasonographic screening of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 32:1605-1607. [PMID: 27464965 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-0950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Rajiah
- Department of Radiology, Cardiothoracic Imaging, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Johan H C Reiber
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sasan Partovi
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abstract
Ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is recommended for male smokers >65 years of age, but screening rates remain low. If computed tomography (CT) performed for other indications could be considered adequate for screening, one-third of ultrasounds would potentially be unnecessary, and overall screening rates would be substantially higher. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of CT imaging of the abdomen for the detection of AAA when performed for other clinical indications. We performed a retrospective study of patients eligible for AAA screening who had undergone an abdominal ultrasound as well as an abdominal CT scan for other indications within 3 years prior to that study. The primary outcome was identification of an AAA, recorded in the findings narrative or impression of the CT scan report. Of 142 patients with both a CT scan and an AAA on ultrasound, 127 (89.4%) were noted to have an AAA in the report of a CT scan performed within the 3 years prior to the ultrasound. An additional 10 films demonstrated an AAA that was not mentioned in the report. The sensitivity of pre-existing CT scans for AAA screening was 97.2% (137/141) [95% CI: 93.4–99.0%]; 123 (86.6%) of these positive findings were reported in the findings narrative and 120 (84.5%) were reported in the radiologist’s final impression. The sensitivity for AAA identification in the report of a pre-existing CT scan of the abdomen performed for alternate indications appears high enough to use as a screening test. When radiologists note an AAA, they should be sure to include it in the final impression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Ruff
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Krishna Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Heather L Gornik
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Meecham L, Jacomelli J, Pherwani AD, Earnshaw J. Re: 'Re: Self-referral to the NHS Abdominal Aortic Screening Programme'. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 52:271. [PMID: 27346444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Meecham
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire ST4 6QG, United Kingdom.
| | - J Jacomelli
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire ST4 6QG, United Kingdom
| | - A D Pherwani
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire ST4 6QG, United Kingdom
| | - J Earnshaw
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire ST4 6QG, United Kingdom
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Takagi H, Umemoto T. A Meta-Analysis of the Association of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Presence. Ann Vasc Surg 2016; 34:84-94. [PMID: 27189132 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several case-control and population-based abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening studies have reported inconclusive results of the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with AAA presence. To determine whether COPD is associated with AAA presence, we performed a meta-analysis of contemporary clinical studies. METHODS To identify all contemporary case-control and population-based AAA screening studies evaluating the association of COPD with AAA presence, databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2000 to May 2015 using Web-based search engines (PubMed and OVID). An adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for COPD or AAA presence (using multivariable logistic regression) were abstracted from each individual study. We took an OR for AAA presence to be representative of an OR for COPD presence. RESULTS Of 159 potentially relevant articles screened initially, there were 7 case-control and 4 population-based AAA screening studies that met eligibility requirements and were included. Pooled analysis of all the 11 studies (14 estimates, 155,731 participants), 7 case-control studies (4171 participants), and 4 population-based AAA screening studies (7 estimates, 151,560 participants) respectively demonstrated a statistically significant 1.78-fold (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.38-2.30, P < 0.00001), 3.05-fold (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.44-6.49, P = 0.004), and 1.24-fold (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.48, P = 0.02) increased prevalence/incidence of COPD in patients with AAA relative to subjects without AAA (i.e., a statistically significant 1.78-, 3.05-, and 1.24-fold increased prevalence/incidence of AAA in patients with COPD relative to subjects without COPD) (P for subgroup differences = 0.02). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis demonstrated 1.8-fold increased prevalence/incidence of COPD in patients with AAA relative to subjects without AAA (i.e., 1.8-fold increased prevalence/incidence of AAA in patients with COPD relative to subjects without COPD), which suggests that COPD is associated with AAA presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Takagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Takuya Umemoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
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Meecham L, Jacomelli J, Pherwani AD, Earnshaw J. Editor's Choice - Self-referral to the NHS Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 52:317-21. [PMID: 27142191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The NHS Abdominal Aortic Screening Programme (NAAASP) invites men in their 65th year for screening, men over 65 may self-refer into the programme. Most studies have concentrated on those invited for screening, little is known about the self-referral group. Our aim was to provide a descriptive analysis of the men who self refer to NAAASP for screening. METHOD Information concerning basic demographic details and ultrasound results were recorded on the AAA SMaRT database. During nurse assessment data collected included smoking status, blood pressure, height, weight, and aspirin and statin therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS(®)20. RESULTS A total of 58,999 men have self-referred to the NAAASP since its inception. The mean age at self-referral was 73 (47-100). The mean aortic diameter was 1.9 cm (0.8-12.1). Increased self-referral rates were observed following organised publicity. The incidence of AAA was 4.1% (n = 2438) compared with 1.4% in the invited cohort (age 65 years), of these 7.6% (n = 186) were >5.5 cm. Of the 186, 152 (81.7%) underwent surgery, of which 55.3% (n = 84) underwent EVAR. The 30-day mortality in the men treated electively was 0%. The mean time from referral to surgery was 69 (2-361) days, with 57.9% (n = 88) being treated within 8 weeks of detection. CONCLUSION Self-referral has yielded higher detection rates than the invited cohort, more than justifying its cost. Now that NAAASP is fully operational it is important to continue media campaigns and publicity to target the "at-risk" men over 65 who would otherwise miss the benefits of AAA screening. Some key areas still need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Meecham
- University Hospitals North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke on Trent, UK.
| | - J Jacomelli
- NHS Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme (NAAASP), Public Health England, Zone B, Floor 2, Skipton House, 80 London Road, London SE1 6LH, UK
| | - A D Pherwani
- University Hospitals North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - J Earnshaw
- NHS Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme (NAAASP), Public Health England, Zone B, Floor 2, Skipton House, 80 London Road, London SE1 6LH, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Shelmerdine
- Specialist Registrar in Clinical Radiology in the Department of Radiology, St Georges Hospital, London
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