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Bersuder P, Smith AJ, Hynes C, Warford L, Barber JL, Losada S, Limpenny C, Khamis AS, Abdulla KH, Le Quesne WJF, Lyons BP. Baseline survey of marine sediments collected from the Kingdom of Bahrain: PAHs, PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances, dioxins, brominated flame retardants and metal contamination. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 161:111734. [PMID: 33065395 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A baseline survey of sediment contamination was undertaken at 14 locations around the coastline of Bahrain in May 2017, followed by a focused survey of 20 sites, in November 2019. Samples were assessed for industrial pollutants, including metals, PAHs and a suite of organohalogen compounds. The data generated indicated that levels of chemical contaminants were generally low and did not pose a toxicological risk when assessed against commonly applied sediment quality guidelines (SQG). The highest concentrations of PAHs and PCBs were identified in samples collected at coastal sites adjacent to a refinery area known to contain a diverse mix of industry. Tubli Bay, a heavily stressed small bay receiving high loads of sewage effluent, was also identified as an area warranting further investigation with elevated concentrations of BDE209, PFOS and metal contamination. Such data provides a useful baseline assessment of sediment contamination, against which management control measures can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bersuder
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - A J Smith
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - C Hynes
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - L Warford
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - J L Barber
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - S Losada
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - C Limpenny
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - A S Khamis
- Supreme Council for Environment, P.O. Box 18233, Manama, Bahrain
| | - K H Abdulla
- Supreme Council for Environment, P.O. Box 18233, Manama, Bahrain
| | - W J F Le Quesne
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - B P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; British Embassy at the State of Kuwait, P.O. Box 2, Safat 13001, Kuwait
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2
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Lyons BP, Bignell JP, Stentiford GD, Bolam TPC, Rumney HS, Bersuder P, Barber JL, Askem CE, Nicolaus MEE, Maes T. Determining Good Environmental Status under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive: Case study for descriptor 8 (chemical contaminants). Mar Environ Res 2017; 124:118-129. [PMID: 26733271 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires individual member states to develop a robust set of tools for defining eleven qualitative descriptors of Good Environmental Status (GES), such as demonstrating that "Concentrations of contaminants are at levels not giving rise to pollution effects" (GES descriptor 8). Adopting the recommendations of the ICES/OSPAR Study Group for the Integrated Monitoring of Contaminants and Biological Effects (SGIMC), we present a case study demonstrating how the proposed approach, using chemical contaminant (metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls) and biological effects (EROD, bile metabolites and pathology) data in different matrices (sediment and biota), could be used to contribute to the determination of GES in a region of the North Sea region off the east coast of the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Lyons
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - J P Bignell
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - G D Stentiford
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - T P C Bolam
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - H S Rumney
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - P Bersuder
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - J L Barber
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - C E Askem
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - M E E Nicolaus
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - T Maes
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
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Birkin PR, Foley TM, Barber JL, Martin HL. Microsecond resolution of cavitation bubble dynamics using a high-speed electrochemical impedance approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11406-11409. [PMID: 27711279 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06006d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method to detect the uncompensated resistance, the capacitance and the Faradaic current at an electrode exposed to ultrasonic cavitation is presented. The method enables these parameters to be resolved with a 2 microsecond resolution and relies on the detection of the impedance of an electrode recorded as a function of time with a suitable AC excitation signal (here 500 kHz). Data obtained from an aluminium electrode, held under potentiostatic control, is used to illustrate the technique with particular relevance to the effects of cavitation bubbles generated by ultrasound. Analysis of the data recorded shows that the cavitation bubbles form close to the surface of the electrode and collapse, causing damage to the passive film formed at the aluminium surface. The capacitance, uncompensated resistance and Faradaic signals are used to explore the dynamic processes and show expansion and collapse of bubbles prior to erosion/corrosion. The close proximity of the bubbles to the surface is deduced from the reductions in capacitance and increases in resistance prior to bubble collapse, which is then shown to trigger the onset of a Faradaic signal, thus confirming the erosion/corrosion mechanism previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Birkin
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - T M Foley
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - J L Barber
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - H L Martin
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Shelmerdine
- Specialist Registrar in Clinical Radiology in the Department of Radiology, St Georges Hospital, London
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Lyons BP, Barber JL, Rumney HS, Bolam TPC, Bersuder P, Law RJ, Mason C, Smith AJ, Morris S, Devlin MJ, Al-Enezi M, Massoud MS, Al-Zaidan AS, Al-Sarawi HA. Baseline survey of marine sediments collected from the State of Kuwait: PAHs, PCBs, brominated flame retardants and metal contamination. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 100:629-636. [PMID: 26344820 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A geographically extensive baseline survey of sediment contamination was undertaken at twenty nine locations around Kuwait. Samples were assessed in relation to a wide range of industrial pollutants, including metals, PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs and HBCDs. The data generated indicated that levels of pollutants were generally low and below commonly applied sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). However, naturally high background concentrations of certain metals present in sediment from the region may prohibit the direct assessment against some of the routinely applied SQGs. Hot spots of contamination were identified for PAHs, PCBs and PBDEs, that were mainly associated with the Shuaiba Industrial Area, located south of the city, and known to contain a diverse mix of both light and heavy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - J L Barber
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - H S Rumney
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - T P C Bolam
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - P Bersuder
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - R J Law
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - C Mason
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - A J Smith
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - S Morris
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - M J Devlin
- James Cook University, Catchment Reef Research Group, TropWater, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - M Al-Enezi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat-13104, Kuwait
| | - M S Massoud
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat-13104, Kuwait
| | - A S Al-Zaidan
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat-13104, Kuwait
| | - H A Al-Sarawi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat-13104, Kuwait
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Lyons BP, Devlin MJ, Abdul Hamid SA, Al-Otiabi AF, Al-Enezi M, Massoud MS, Al-Zaidan AS, Smith AJ, Morris S, Bersuder P, Barber JL, Papachlimitzou A, Al-Sarawi HA. Microbial water quality and sedimentary faecal sterols as markers of sewage contamination in Kuwait. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 100:689-698. [PMID: 26228071 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial water quality and concentrations of faecal sterols in sediment have been used to assess the degree of sewage contamination in Kuwait's marine environment. A review of microbial (faecal coliform, faecal streptococci and Escherichia coli) water quality data identified temporal and spatial sources of pollution around the coastline. Results indicated that bacterial counts regularly breach regional water quality guidelines. Sediments collected from a total of 29 sites contained detectable levels of coprostanol with values ranging from 29 to 2420 ng g(-1) (dry weight). Hot spots based on faecal sterol sediment contamination were identified in Doha Bay and Sulaibikhat Bay, which are both smaller embayments of Kuwait Bay. The ratio of epicoprostanol/coprostanol indicates that a proportion of the contamination was from raw or partially treated sewage. Sewage pollution in these areas are thought to result from illegal connections and discharges from storm drains, such as that sited at Al-Ghazali.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - M J Devlin
- James Cook University, Catchment Reef Research Group, TropWater, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - S A Abdul Hamid
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - A F Al-Otiabi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - M Al-Enezi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - M S Massoud
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - A S Al-Zaidan
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - A J Smith
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - S Morris
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - P Bersuder
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - J L Barber
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - A Papachlimitzou
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - H A Al-Sarawi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
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Brothwell SLC, Barber JL, Monaghan DT, Jane DE, Gibb AJ, Jones S. NR2B- and NR2D-containing synaptic NMDA receptors in developing rat substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurones. J Physiol 2007; 586:739-50. [PMID: 18033813 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.144618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors are present at glutamatergic synapses throughout the brain, and are important for the development and plasticity of neural circuits. Their subunit composition is developmentally regulated. We have investigated the developmental profile of functional synaptic NMDA receptor subunits in dopaminergic neurones of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). In SNc dopaminergic neurones from rats aged postnatal day (P)7, ifenprodil inhibited NMDA-EPSCs with an estimated IC(50) of 0.36 microm and a maximum inhibition of 73.5 +/- 2.7% (10 microm), consistent with a substantial population of NR1/NR2B-containing diheteromeric receptors. UBP141, a novel NR2D-preferring antagonist, inhibited NMDA-EPSCs with an estimated IC(50) of 6.2 microm. During postnatal development, the maximum inhibitory effect of 10 microm ifenprodil significantly decreased. However, NMDA-EPSCs were not inhibited by Zn(2+) (200 nM) or potentiated by the Zn(2+) chelator TPEN (1 microm), and the effect of UBP141 did not increase during development, indicating that NR2B subunits are not replaced with diheteromeric NR2A or NR2D subunits. The time course of the decay of NMDA-EPSCs was not significantly changed in ifenprodil at any age tested. Together, these data suggest that diheteromeric NR1/NR2A or NR1/NR2D receptors do not account for the ifenprodil-resistant component of the NMDA-EPSC. We propose that NR1/NR2B/NR2D triheteromers form a significant fraction of synaptic NMDA receptors during postnatal development. This is the first report of data suggesting NR2D-containing triheteromeric NMDA receptors at a brain synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L C Brothwell
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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Abstract
The role of the Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) in an acute care setting has been a point of debate for many years. Increasing LPN job responsibility has not been widely reported. In this article, the authors describe the process used to advance the LPN role. Emphasized here is the educators' contribution to the process from inception to implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Barber
- Allegheny General Hospital, Department of Professional Development, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Greenhalgh DA, Wang XJ, Rothnagel JA, Eckhardt JN, Quintanilla MI, Barber JL, Bundman DS, Longley MA, Schlegel R, Roop DR. Transgenic mice expressing targeted HPV-18 E6 and E7 oncogenes in the epidermis develop verrucous lesions and spontaneous, rasHa-activated papillomas. Cell Growth Differ 1994; 5:667-675. [PMID: 7522035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In order to create a transgenic model for human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated carcinogenesis, we have used the regulatory elements of a human keratin K1 (HK1) gene to target the expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes of HPV-18 exclusively to the epidermis. All murine expressors were viable and lived normal lifetimes; older mice (> 1 year) possessed numerous small lesions with a verrucous (wart-like) histotype. Analysis of newborn epidermis and lesions revealed that the HPV-18 E6/E7 genes were being expressed with a predominance of the E6*/E7 transcript over the full length E6/E7 message. The long latency in lesion appearance may reflect the low level of intact E6 transcripts and the requirement for additional genetic or epigenetic events before production of an overt lesion. In agreement with this proposal, spontaneous papillomas developed that expressed an activated rasHa oncogene (codon 61, A-->T; codon 13, G-->T). All lesions expressed keratin genes K1, K6, and K13 in a fashion characteristic of hyperproliferative or benign tumors with no evidence of malignant conversion. Our results demonstrate that the mouse epidermis represents a relevant in vivo model system to analyze the interaction between HPV and cellular genes in neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Greenhalgh
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Greenhalgh DA, Quintanilla MI, Orengo CC, Barber JL, Eckhardt JN, Rothnagel JA, Roop DR. Cooperation between v-fos and v-rasHA induces autonomous papillomas in transgenic epidermis but not malignant conversion. Cancer Res 1993; 53:5071-5. [PMID: 7693330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic mice have been previously established that express v-rasHa or v-fos exclusively in the epidermis by means of a targeting vector based on the human keratin 1 gene (HK1). Epidermal expression of v-rasHa (HK1.ras) or v-fos (HK1.fos) resulted in hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and later, in benign tumors. To assess the potential for oncogene cooperation in vivo mating experiments were performed. Resultant HK1.fos/ras mice exhibited an obvious increase in the severity of neonatal and juvenile preneoplastic phenotypes, together with the immediate onset of tumorigenesis as compared to single oncogene sibling controls. The HK1.fos/ras tumors grew aggressively and often compromised the animals by 10-12 weeks. However, tumors remained benign as determined by histotype and specific keratin markers. These data indicate that v-fos can cooperate with an initiating v-rasHa phenotype to generate autonomous papillomas, but additional events are required for malignant conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Greenhalgh
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Colclasure JB, Barber JL, Morris BK, Graham SS. Endoscopic sinus surgery. A 300 case review. J Ark Med Soc 1993; 90:106-9. [PMID: 8226570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of ESS (endoscopic sinus surgery) has changed and vastly improved the potential of sinus surgery. It is now possible to visualize obstruction in the natural sinus ostia and remove diseased tissue, thereby promoting restoration of normal function. A series of 300 consecutively performed cases is reviewed; results and complications are reported. Findings include a success rate of 94%, with complications in less than 1%. ESS offers a major advancement in treatment of chronic sinusitis.
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Barber JL, Snyderman NL, Uthman E. Hashimoto's thyroiditis and its relationship to other thyroid pathology. J Ark Med Soc 1986; 82:439-41. [PMID: 2939054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
Retention of kinesthetic information from blind positioning responses was examined for 56 Ss. During a 30-sec. retention interval, half of the Ss sat quietly with their hands on the lever; the other half learned an interpolated target which required an antagonistic response. Both conditions showed significant amounts of forgetting. The mean differences between conditions as well as the differences between correlation coefficients across retention intervals were not significant. The results were consistent with memory-trace decay predictions.
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