1
|
Hirai R, Kinugasa H, Yamamoto S, Ako S, Tsutsumi K, Abe M, Miyahara K, Nakagawa M, Otsuka M. Methylation analysis of DCC gene in saliva samples is an efficient method for non-invasive detection of superficial hypopharyngeal cancer. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1725-1731. [PMID: 38538728 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in upper gastrointestinal endoscopic technology have enabled early detection and treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer. However, in-depth pharyngeal observations require sedation and are invasive. It is important to establish a minimally invasive and simple evaluation method to identify high-risk patients. METHODS Eighty-seven patients with superficial hypopharyngeal cancer and 51 healthy controls were recruited. We assessed the methylation status of DCC, PTGDR1, EDNRB, and ECAD, in tissue and saliva samples and verified the diagnostic accuracy by methylation analyses of their promoter regions using quantitative methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS Significant differences between cancer and their surrounding non-cancerous tissues were observed in the methylation values of DCC (p = 0.003), EDNRB (p = 0.001), and ECAD (p = 0.043). Using receiver operating characteristic analyses of the methylation values in saliva samples, DCC showed the highest area under the curve values for the detection of superficial hypopharyngeal cancer (0.917, 95% confidence interval = 0.864-0.970), compared with those for EDNRB (0.680) and ECAD (0.639). When the cutoff for the methylation values of DCC was set at ≥0.163, the sensitivity to detect hypopharyngeal cancer was 82.8% and the specificity was 90.2%. CONCLUSIONS DCC methylation in saliva samples could be a non-invasive and efficient tool for early detection of hypopharyngeal cancer in high-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Hirai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata, Kitaku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kinugasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata, Kitaku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shumpei Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata, Kitaku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ako
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata, Kitaku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsutsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata, Kitaku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Makoto Abe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Hospital, 7-33, Motomachi, Nakaku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 730-8518, Japan
| | - Koji Miyahara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Hospital, 7-33, Motomachi, Nakaku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 730-8518, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Hospital, 7-33, Motomachi, Nakaku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 730-8518, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata, Kitaku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Y, Su T, Duan Q, Wei X, Fan X, Wan J, Liu L, Dian Z, Zhang G, Sun Y, Zhou T, Xu Y. Association of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase rs1801133 Gene Polymorphism with Cancer Risk and Septin 9 Methylation in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024:10.1007/s12029-024-01020-y. [PMID: 38252186 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-024-01020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, with a high incidence and mortality worldwide. Methylated Septin 9 (mSEPT9) has been used clinically as an auxiliary tool for CRC screening. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 polymorphism with the risk of CRC and the methylation status of Septin 9 in CRC. METHODS Information of 540 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CRC and with a physical examination were utilized to assess the association of the MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism with CRC and the methylation of SEPT9. MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The commercial Septin 9 Gene Methylation(mSEPT9) Detection Kit was used for plasma SEPT9 methylation analysis. RESULTS Among 540 patients, 61.48% were men and the median age was 54.47 ± 13.14. 65.37% of all colorectal tumors developed in the rectum. 195 patients had negative mSEPT9 methylation, while 345 had positive results. 87 individuals with stage I, 90 with stage II, 287 with stage III, and 76 with stage IV colorectal cancer were included in the sample. The results demonstrated that the positivity rate and degree of methylation of mSEPT9 were remarkably higher in patients with more advanced TNM stages than in those with less advanced stages. The frequencies of the MTHFR rs1801133 CC genotype and allele C carriers in patients with CRC were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals (P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). The positivity rate of the mSEPT9 assay was significantly higher among the MTHFR rs1801133 TT genotype and allele T carriers than among the CC and allele C carriers respectively. The MTHFR rs1801133 TT genotype and allele T carriers were positively associated with the methylation of SEPT9 (OR = 3.320, 95% CI 1.485-7.424, P = 0.003 and OR = 1.783, 95% CI 1.056-3.010, P = 0.030, respectively). CONCLUSION In conclusion, individuals harboring the MTHFR rs1801133 CC genotype had a higher risk of CRC and the MTHFR rs1801133 TT carriers were more susceptible to Septin 9 gene methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Qiuting Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangcong Wei
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jinxiu Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Luping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ziqin Dian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Guiqian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China.
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mo S, Ye L, Wang D, Han L, Zhou S, Wang H, Dai W, Wang Y, Luo W, Wang R, Xu Y, Cai S, Liu R, Wang Z, Cai G. Early Detection of Molecular Residual Disease and Risk Stratification for Stage I to III Colorectal Cancer via Circulating Tumor DNA Methylation. JAMA Oncol 2023; 9:770-778. [PMID: 37079312 PMCID: PMC10119774 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Importance Detection of molecular residual disease and risk stratification as early as possible may improve the treatment of patients with cancer. Efficient pragmatic tests are therefore required. Objective To measure circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with 6 DNA methylation markers in blood samples and to evaluate the association of the presence of ctDNA with colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence throughout the disease course. Design, Setting, and Participants In this multicenter prospective longitudinal cohort study performed from December 12, 2019, to February 28, 2022, 350 patients with stage I to III CRC were recruited from 2 hospitals for collection of blood samples before and after surgery, during and after adjuvant chemotherapy, and every 3 months for up to 2 years. A multiplex, ctDNA methylation, quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect ctDNA in plasma samples. Results A total of 299 patients with stage I to III CRC were evaluated. Of 296 patients with preoperative samples, 232 (78.4%) tested positive for any of the 6 ctDNA methylation markers. A total of 186 patients (62.2%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 60.1 (10.3) years. At postoperative month 1, ctDNA-positive patients were 17.5 times more likely to relapse than were ctDNA-negative patients (hazard ratio [HR], 17.5; 95% CI, 8.9-34.4; P < .001). The integration of ctDNA and carcinoembryonic antigen tests showed risk stratification for recurrence with an HR of 19.0 (95% CI, 8.9-40.7; P < .001). Furthermore, ctDNA status at postoperative month 1 was strongly associated with prognosis in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy of different durations and intensities. After adjuvant chemotherapy, ctDNA-positive patients had a significantly shorter recurrence-free survival than did the ctDNA-negative patients (HR, 13.8; 95% CI, 5.9-32.1; P < .001). Longitudinal ctDNA analysis after the postdefinitive treatment showed a discriminating effect in that ctDNA-positive patients had poorer recurrence-free survival than did the ctDNA-negative patients (HR, 20.6; 95% CI, 9.5-44.9; P < .001). The discriminating effect was enhanced (HR, 68.8; 95% CI, 18.4-257.7; P < .001) when ctDNA status was maintained longitudinally. Postdefinitive treatment analysis detected CRC recurrence earlier than radiologically confirmed recurrence, with a median lead time of 3.3 months (IQR, 0.5-6.5 months). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study suggest that longitudinal assessment of ctDNA methylation may enable the early detection of recurrence, potentially optimizing risk stratification and postoperative treatment of patients with CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Mo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyu Han
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqin Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mokhtari K, Peymani M, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Ghaedi K, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. Colon cancer transcriptome. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 180-181:49-82. [PMID: 37059270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, methodological innovations have continuously changed transcriptome profiling. It is now feasible to sequence and quantify the transcriptional outputs of individual cells or thousands of samples using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). These transcriptomes serve as a connection between cellular behaviors and their underlying molecular mechanisms, such as mutations. This relationship, in the context of cancer, provides a chance to unravel tumor complexity and heterogeneity and uncover novel biomarkers or treatment options. Since colon cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies, its prognosis and diagnosis seem to be critical. The transcriptome technology is developing for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of cancer which can provide better protectivity and prognostic utility to medical teams and patients. A transcriptome is a whole set of expressed coding and non-coding RNAs in an individual or cell population. The cancer transcriptome includes RNA-based changes. The combined genome and transcriptome of a patient may provide a comprehensive picture of their cancer, and this information is beginning to affect treatment decision-making in real-time. A full assessment of the transcriptome of colon (colorectal) cancer has been assessed in this review paper based on risk factors such as age, obesity, gender, alcohol use, race, and also different stages of cancer, as well as non-coding RNAs like circRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and siRNAs. Similarly, they have been examined independently in the transcriptome study of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
David P, Mittelstädt A, Kouhestani D, Anthuber A, Kahlert C, Sohn K, Weber GF. Current Applications of Liquid Biopsy in Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease-From Early Cancer Detection to Individualized Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071924. [PMID: 37046585 PMCID: PMC10093361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for a significant amount of cancer-related mortality. Tests that allow an early diagnosis could lead to an improvement in patient survival. Liquid biopsies (LBs) due to their non-invasive nature as well as low risk are the current focus of cancer research and could be a promising tool for early cancer detection. LB involves the sampling of any biological fluid (e.g., blood, urine, saliva) to enrich and analyze the tumor's biological material. LBs can detect tumor-associated components such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These components can reflect the status of the disease and can facilitate clinical decisions. LBs offer a unique and new way to assess cancers at all stages of treatment, from cancer screenings to prognosis to management of multidisciplinary therapies. In this review, we will provide insights into the current status of the various types of LBs enabling early detection and monitoring of GI cancers and their use in in vitro diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul David
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anke Mittelstädt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dina Kouhestani
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Anthuber
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Sohn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Georg F Weber
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ibrahim J, Peeters M, Van Camp G, Op de Beeck K. Methylation biomarkers for early cancer detection and diagnosis: Current and future perspectives. Eur J Cancer 2023; 178:91-113. [PMID: 36427394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The increase in recent scientific studies on cancer biomarkers has brought great new insights into the field. Moreover, novel technological breakthroughs such as long read sequencing and microarrays have enabled high throughput profiling of many biomarkers, while advances in bioinformatic tools have made the possibility of developing highly reliable and accurate biomarkers a reality. These changes triggered renewed interest in biomarker research and provided tremendous opportunities for enhancing cancer management and improving early disease detection. DNA methylation alterations are known to accompany and contribute to carcinogenesis, making them promising biomarkers for cancer, namely due to their stability, frequency and accessibility in bodily fluids. The advent of newer minimally invasive experimental methods such as liquid biopsies provide the perfect setting for methylation-based biomarker development and application. Despite their huge potential, accurate and robust biomarkers for the conclusive diagnosis of most cancer types are still not routinely used, hence a strong need for sustained research in this field is still needed. This review provides a brief exposition of current methylation biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and early detection, including markers already in clinical use as well as various upcoming ones. It also outlines how recent big data and novel technologies will revolutionise the next generation of cancer tests in supplementing or replacing currently existing invasive techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Ibrahim
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mi J, Han X, Wang R, Ma R, Zhao D. Circulation tumour DNA in predicting recurrence and prognosis in operable colorectal cancer patients: A meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13842. [PMID: 35856399 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selecting the appropriate patient for further treatment after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) can improve the patient's prognosis. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has the potential to predict recurrence and prognosis after CRC surgery and ACT, but the results are still inconclusive. OBJECTIVES As the completed studies have small sample sizes and different experimental methods, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the ctDNA on recurrence and prognosis after CRC surgery and ACT. METHODS PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched for potentially eligible studies published up to 6 March 2022. Pooled relative risk (RR) and pooled hazard ratio (HR) were calculated to evaluate recurrence and the prognosis of recurrence-free survival (RFS) following CRC surgery and ACT. RESULTS Fourteen studies published between 2014 and 2022 included 2393 patients, and 7189 serum samples were eventually included in the meta-analysis. The pooled revealed that ctDNA-positive patients were at high risk of recurrence after CRC surgery (RR = 4.43, 95% CI: 3.58-5.48, p < .05) and had a poorer prognosis for RFS (HR = 7.26, 95% CI: 5.48-9.62, p < .05). The pooled revealed that ctDNA-positive patients were at high risk of recurrence after ACT (RR = 5.77 95% CI: 4.33-7.69, p < .05) and had a poorer prognosis for RFS (HR = 13.96, 95% CI: 8.71-22.4, p < .05). CONCLUSION ctDNA-positive patients were at a high risk of recurrence after CRC surgery and ACT and had a poorer prognosis. Hence, ctDNA-positive patients required close follow-up and further treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Mi
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaofang Han
- Reproductive Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruijun Ma
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Danyu Zhao
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Healthcare is undergoing large transformations, and it is imperative to leverage new technologies to support the advent of personalized medicine and disease prevention. It is now well accepted that the levels of certain biological molecules found in blood and other bodily fluids, as well as in exhaled breath, are an indication of the onset of many human diseases and reflect the health status of the person. Blood, urine, sweat, or saliva biomarkers can therefore serve in early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer, but also in monitoring disease progression, detecting metabolic disfunctions, and predicting response to a given therapy. For most point-of-care sensors, the requirement that patients themselves can use and apply them is crucial not only regarding the diagnostic part, but also at the sample collection level. This has stimulated the development of such diagnostic approaches for the non-invasive analysis of disease-relevant analytes. Considering these timely efforts, this review article focuses on novel, sensitive, and selective sensing systems for the detection of different endogenous target biomarkers in bodily fluids as well as in exhaled breath, which are associated with human diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Analysis of Septin 9 Gene Hypermethylation as Follow-Up Biomarker of Colorectal Cancer Patients after Curative Surgery. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040993. [PMID: 35454041 PMCID: PMC9024426 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Septin 9 test analyzes the methylation status of the SEPT9 gene, which appears to be hypermethylated in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This has been validated as a colorectal cancer screening test. Due to the high sensitivity and specificity found, the justification was to use it as a biomarker tool for monitoring minimal residual disease after radical surgery and recurrence. Methods: A prospective study was carried out at the Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital extracting peripheral blood from 28 patients and 4 healthy donors. Free circulating DNA was obtained and subsequently a PCR reaction to quantify the number of methylated genes. Samples were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively at five to seven days, one and three months after surgery. Results: A total of 32 preoperative samples were analyzed. The sensitivity of the test to detect CRC was 55.6% and specificity was 100%. There were 22 postsurgical samples obtained at 5–7 days after surgery, the sensitivity to detect tumor recurrences was 100% and specificity was 75%. There were 21 samples analyzed 1 month after surgery exhibiting a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 94.7%, respectively. At 3 months, 31 postsurgical samples were analyzed and the sensitivity and specificity were 66.7% and 80%. Conclusions: Detection of methylation of Septin 9 gene in circulating plasma DNA, obtained from a peripheral blood sample, may be a useful, non-invasive and effective method for detecting minimal residual disease and could therefore predict CRC tumor recurrences. The optimal time in our series to obtain the best prediction results based on Septin 9 methylation levels was one month after surgery. Despite these considerable findings, a study with more patients is necessary to obtain more robust conclusions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Müller D, Győrffy B. DNA methylation-based diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188722. [PMID: 35307512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression. Changes in DNA methylation were suggested to be useful biomarkers for diagnosis, and for the determination of prognosis and treatment response. Here, we provide an overview of methylation-based biomarkers in colorectal cancer. First, we start with the two methylation-based diagnostic biomarkers already approved for colorectal cancer, SEPT9 and the combination of NDRG4 and BMP3. Then, we provide a list-based overview of new biomarker candidates depending on the sample source including plasma, stool, urine, and surgically removed tumor tissues. The most often identified markers like SDC2, VIM, APC, MGMT, SFRP1, SFRP2, and NDRG4 have distinct functions previously linked to tumor progression. Although numerous studies have identified tumor-specific methylation changes, most of these alterations were observed in a single study only. The lack of validation in independent samples means low reproducibility and is a major limitation. The genome-wide determination of methylation status (methylome) can provide data to solve these issues. In the third section of the review, methylome studies focusing on different aspects related to CRC, including precancerous lesions, CRC-specific changes, molecular subtypes, aging, and chemotherapy response are summarized. Notably, techniques simultaneously analyzing a large set of regions can also uncover epigenetic regulation of genes which have not yet been associated with tumorigenesis previously. A remaining constraint of studies published to date is the low patient number utilized in these preventing the identification of clinically valuable biomarker candidates. Either future large-scale studies or the integration of already available methylome-level data will be necessary to uncover biomarkers sufficiently robust for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Müller
- Dept. of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cancer Biomarker Research Group, RCNS, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Dept. of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cancer Biomarker Research Group, RCNS, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kasi PM, Fehringer G, Taniguchi H, Starling N, Nakamura Y, Kotani D, Powles T, Li BT, Pusztai L, Aushev VN, Kalashnikova E, Sharma S, Malhotra M, Demko ZP, Aleshin A, Rodriguez A, Billings PR, Grothey A, Taieb J, Cunningham D, Yoshino T, Kopetz S. Impact of Circulating Tumor DNA-Based Detection of Molecular Residual Disease on the Conduct and Design of Clinical Trials for Solid Tumors. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100181. [PMID: 35263168 PMCID: PMC8926064 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier detection of cancer recurrence using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to detect molecular residual disease (MRD) has the potential to dramatically affect cancer management. We review evidence supporting the use of ctDNA as a biomarker for detection of MRD and highlight the potential impact that ctDNA testing could have on the conduct of clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pashtoon M Kasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Hiroya Taniguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naureen Starling
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshiaki Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kotani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London ECMC, Barts Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bob T Li
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Axel Grothey
- West Cancer Center and Research Institute, Germantown, TN
| | - Julien Taieb
- Georges Pompidou European Hospital, SIRIC-CARPEM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Cunningham
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Neuropeptide-Related HERC5/TAC1 Interactions May Be Associated with the Dysregulation of lncRNA GAS5 Expression in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Exosomes. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8075285. [PMID: 35178132 PMCID: PMC8847027 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8075285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective The goal of this work was to look at the expression and probable role of exosomal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as forecast the importance of its interaction with neuropeptides in the progression of the disease. Methods We divided 44 pregnant women visiting the obstetric outpatient clinics at the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College from January 2021 to December 2021 into healthy and GDM groups. We measured the expression levels of the lncRNA GAS5 in peripheral blood using PCR and compared the expression levels between the 2 groups. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the R software were used to analyse the differences in the genes expressed in the amniotic fluid cells in the GDM and normal groups. catRAPID was used to identify potential target proteins for GAS5. Key neuropeptide-related proteins and potential target proteins of GAS5 were extracted, and protein interaction networks were mapped. AlphaFold 2 was used to predict the structure of the target protein. The ClusPro tool was used to predict protein-protein interactions. ZDOCK was used to further confirm the protein–nucleic acid docking. Results The lncRNA GAS5 was downregulated in the peripheral blood of pregnant women with GDM compared with normal pregnant women. The subcellular localization sites of GAS5 were the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosome; in addition, GAS5 was present in exosomes. Intercellular interactions, including neuropeptide receptors, were increased in the amniotic fluid cells of patients with GDM. Venn diagram analysis yielded seven neuropeptide-related proteins and three GAS5 target proteins. Among them, HERC5/TAC1 interacted and GAS5 docked well with HERC5. Conclusion The lncRNA GAS5 in the peripheral blood exosomes in patients with GDM may be a new target for the detection of GDM, and the interaction between GAS5 and HERC5/TAC1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM.
Collapse
|
13
|
Samanta S, Mahata R, Santra MK. The Cross-Talk between Epigenetic Gene Regulation and Signaling Pathways Regulates Cancer Pathogenesis. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:427-472. [PMID: 36301502 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer begins due to uncontrolled cell division. Cancer cells are insensitive to the signals that control normal cell proliferation. This uncontrolled cell division is due to the accumulation of abnormalities in different factors associated with the cell division, including different cyclins, cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors, and cellular signaling. Cellular signaling pathways are aberrantly activated in cancer mainly due to epigenetic regulation and post-translational regulation. In this chapter, the role of epigenetic regulation in aberrant activation of PI3K/AKT, Ras, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, JAK/STAT, and mTOR signaling pathways in cancer progression is discussed. The role of epigenetic regulators in controlling the upstream regulatory proteins and downstream effector proteins responsible for abnormal cellular signaling-mediated cancer progression is covered in this chapter. Similarly, the role of signaling pathways in controlling epigenetic gene regulation-mediated cancer progression is also discussed. We have tried to ascertain the current status of potential epigenetic drugs targeting several epigenetic regulators to prevent different cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Samanta
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rumpa Mahata
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dong D, Zhang R, Shao J, Zhang A, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Li Y. Promoter methylation-mediated repression of UNC5 receptors and the associated clinical significance in human colorectal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:225. [PMID: 34922605 PMCID: PMC8684698 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulated methylation of tumor suppressor genes is a hallmark event in colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis. UNC5 receptors, down-regulated in various human malignancies due to epigenetic alterations, have been proposed as putative tumor suppressor genes. In this study, we focused on the methylation-mediated inhibition of UNC5 receptors and the associated clinical significance in CRC. Methods Methylation and expression analysis was performed in TCGA datasets. And the results were confirmed in vitro in CRC cell lines treated with 5-aza-deoxycytidine. Then, the expression and epigenetic alterations of UNC5 receptors were evaluated in clinical specimens. Moreover, the diagnostic and prognostic values of the methylation alterations were also analyzed. Results Methylation-mediated repression was observed in UNC5C and UNC5D, but not in UNC5A and UNC5B, which was confirmed in CRC cell lines. Except for UNC5B, significantly elevated methylation was observed in UNC5A, UNC5C, and UNC5D in CRC. The discrimination efficiency of the three receptors was comparable with that of SEPT9. Kaplan–Meier curve survival analysis showed that hypermethylation of UNC5A, UNC5C and UNC5D was associated with poor progression-free and overall survival. Moreover, methylation levels of UNC5C and UNC5D were independent predictors of CRC progression-free (P = 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively) and overall survival (P = 0.008, P = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions Hypermethylation of UNC5C and UNC5D mediates the repression and has promising diagnostic and prognostic values in CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01211-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dong
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Runshi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunli Zhou
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yueguo Li
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Almeida-Lousada H, Mestre A, Ramalhete S, Price AJ, de Mello RA, Marreiros AD, Neves RPD, Castelo-Branco P. Screening for Colorectal Cancer Leading into a New Decade: The "Roaring '20s" for Epigenetic Biomarkers? Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4874-4893. [PMID: 34898591 PMCID: PMC8628779 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has an important bearing (top five) on cancer incidence and mortality in the world. The etiology of sporadic CRC is related to the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that result in the appearance of cancer hallmarks such as abnormal proliferation, evasion of immune destruction, resistance to apoptosis, replicative immortality, and others, contributing to cancer promotion, invasion, and metastasis. It is estimated that, each year, at least four million people are diagnosed with CRC in the world. Depending on CRC staging at diagnosis, many of these patients die, as CRC is in the top four causes of cancer death in the world. New and improved screening tests for CRC are needed to detect the disease at an early stage and adopt patient management strategies to decrease the death toll. The three pillars of CRC screening are endoscopy, radiological imaging, and molecular assays. Endoscopic procedures comprise traditional colonoscopy, and more recently, capsule-based endoscopy. The main imaging modality remains Computed Tomography (CT) of the colon. Molecular approaches continue to grow in the diversity of biomarkers and the sophistication of the technologies deployed to detect them. What started with simple fecal occult blood tests has expanded to an armamentarium, including mutation detection and identification of aberrant epigenetic signatures known to be oncogenic. Biomarker-based screening methods have critical advantages and are likely to eclipse the classical modalities of imaging and endoscopy in the future. For example, imaging methods are costly and require highly specialized medical personnel. In the case of endoscopy, their invasiveness limits compliance from large swaths of the population, especially those with average CRC risk. Beyond mere discomfort and fear, there are legitimate iatrogenic concerns associated with endoscopy. The risks of perforation and infection make endoscopy best suited for a confirmatory role in cases where there are positive results from other diagnostic tests. Biomarker-based screening methods are largely non-invasive and are growing in scope. Epigenetic biomarkers, in particular, can be detected in feces and blood, are less invasive to the average-risk patient, detect early-stage CRC, and have a demonstrably superior patient follow-up. Given the heterogeneity of CRC as it evolves, optimal screening may require a battery of blood and stool tests, where each can leverage different pathways perturbed during carcinogenesis. What follows is a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature pertaining to the screening and diagnostic protocols used in CRC. Relevant articles were retrieved from the PubMed database using keywords including: "Screening", "Diagnosis", and "Biomarkers for CRC". American and European clinical trials in progress were included as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélder Almeida-Lousada
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - André Mestre
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Sara Ramalhete
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Aryeh J. Price
- School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA;
| | - Ramon Andrade de Mello
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04037-004, Brazil
- Precision Oncology & Health Economics Group (ONCOPRECH), Post-Graduation Program in Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Ana D. Marreiros
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pires das Neves
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.P.d.N.); (P.C.-B.); Tel.: +351-231-249-170 (R.P.d.N.); +351-289-800-100 (ext. 7813) (P.C.-B.)
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.P.d.N.); (P.C.-B.); Tel.: +351-231-249-170 (R.P.d.N.); +351-289-800-100 (ext. 7813) (P.C.-B.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gutierrez A, Demond H, Brebi P, Ili CG. Novel Methylation Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer Prognosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1722. [PMID: 34827720 PMCID: PMC8615818 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) comprises the third most common cancer worldwide and the second regarding number of deaths. In order to make a correct and early diagnosis to predict metastasis formation, biomarkers are an important tool. Although there are multiple signaling pathways associated with cancer progression, the most recognized are the MAPK pathway, p53 pathway, and TGF-β pathway. These pathways regulate many important functions in the cell, such as cell cycle regulation, proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis formation, among others. Changes in expression in genes belonging to these pathways are drivers of carcinogenesis. Often these expression changes are caused by mutations; however, epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, are increasingly acknowledged to play a role in the deregulation of oncogenic genes. This makes DNA methylation changes an interesting biomarkers in cancer. Among the newly identified biomarkers for CRC metastasis INHBB, SMOC2, BDNF, and TBRG4 are included, all of which are highly deregulated by methylation and closely associated with metastasis. The identification of such biomarkers in metastasis of CRC may allow a better treatment and early identification of cancer formation in order to perform better diagnostics and improve the life expectancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priscilla Brebi
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional (CEMT), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (A.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Carmen Gloria Ili
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional (CEMT), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (A.G.); (H.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu J, Song J, Wang T, Zhu W, Zuo L, Wu J, Guo J, Yang X. A combination of methylation and protein markers is capable of detecting gastric cancer detection by combined markers. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1557-1570. [PMID: 34632818 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to validate a combination of mSEPT9, mRNF180 and CA724 for gastric cancer (GC) detection. Patients & methods: The performance of mSEPT9, mRNF180 and CA724 was examined in a prospective cohort study with 518 participants (151 with GC, 56 with atrophic gastritis, 87 with other gastrointestinal diseases and 224 with no evidence of disease). Results: mSEPT9, mRNF180 or CA724 alone detected 48.3, 37.1 and 43.1% of GC, respectively. The combination of mSEPT9 and mRNF180 detected 60.3% of GC, and the combination of all three markers detected 68.6% of GC. The detection sensitivity of mSEPT9 and mRNF180 was significantly higher for gastric body and in elder subjects. mSEPT9 was correlated with poorer GC survival. Conclusion: The combination of mSEPT9, mRNF180 and CA724 was adequately sensitive for GC detection. The blood mSEPT9 was predictive for GC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Xu
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Jianlin Song
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Tongmin Wang
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Wenchuan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Liangyu Zuo
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Wu
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun Q, Liu J, Fan X, Zhou Y, Wang X, Cui Z. [Value of plasma SEPTIN9 methylation detection for diagnosis and predicting radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1214-1219. [PMID: 34549713 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.08.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of plasma mSEPT9 detection in the diagnosis and prediction of radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma. METHODS This study was conducted in 72 patients with esophageal cancer who received radical radiotherapy in the Department of Radiotherapy of First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between January, 2019 and December, 2020.Plasma mSEPT9 of the patients were examined with PCR before and after radiotherapy, with 20 healthy subjects from the physical examination center as the controls.The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to assess the value of mSEPT9 in diagnosis of esophageal cancer, and the correlation between mSEPT9 and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was analyzed.According to their response to radiotherapy, the patients were divided into radiosensitive group and insensitive group, and their plasma mSEPT9 levels were compared before radiotherapy.All the patients were observed for dynamic changes of mSEPT9 levels after radiotherapy to analyze the association of mSEPT9 variation with radiosensitivity of the tumors. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of mSEPT9 for the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma were 62.5% and 100%, respectively, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.813.Plasma mSEPT9 level was correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stages of esophageal carcinoma (P < 0.05), but not with gender, age, invasion site, tumor length, degree of differentiation, or depth of invasion (P > 0.05).The radiosensitive patients had a significantly lower positivity rate for mSEPT9 than the insensitive patients before radiotherapy(53.06% vs 82.61%, P=0.016).In the 72 patients, the positivity rate for mSEPT9 decreased significantly after radiotherapy (30.56% vs 62.5%, P < 0.001); the positivity rate was significantly lowered after radiotherapy in the radiosensitive group (14.29% vs 53.06%, P < 0.001), but the reduction was not significant in the insensitive group (65.22% vs 82.61%, P=0.125). CONCLUSION Detection of plasma mSEPT9 level is helpful for diagnosis and prediction of radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - X Fan
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - X Wang
- Anhui Provincial Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease//Molecular Diagnostic Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Z Cui
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Goh SK, Cox DRA, Wong BKL, Musafer A, Witkowski T, Do H, Muralidharan V, Dobrovic A. A Synthetic DNA Construct to Evaluate the Recovery Efficiency of Cell-Free DNA Extraction and Bisulfite Modification. Clin Chem 2021; 67:1201-1209. [PMID: 34151944 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improvements in the genetic and epigenetic analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), there has been limited focus on assessing the preanalytical variables of recovery efficiency following cfDNA extraction and bisulfite modification. Quantification of recovery efficiency after these steps can facilitate quality assurance and improve reliability when comparing serial samples. METHODS We developed an exogenous DNA Construct to Evaluate the Recovery Efficiency of cfDNA extraction and BISulfite modification (CEREBIS) after cfDNA extraction and/or subsequent bisulfite modification from plasma. The strategic placement of cytosine bases in the 180 bp CEREBIS enabled PCR amplification of the construct by a single primer set both after plasma DNA extraction and following subsequent bisulfite modification. RESULTS Plasma samples derived from 8 organ transplant donors and 6 serial plasma samples derived from a liver transplant recipient were spiked with a known number of copies of CEREBIS. Recovery of CEREBIS after cfDNA extraction and bisulfite modification was quantified with high analytical accuracy by droplet digital PCR. The use of CEREBIS and quantification of its recovery was useful in identifying problematic extractions. Furthermore, its use was shown to be invaluable towards improving the reliability of the analysis of serial samples. CONCLUSIONS CEREBIS can be used as a spike-in control to address the preanalytical variable of recovery efficiency both after cfDNA extraction from plasma and following bisulfite modification. Our approach can be readily implemented and its application may have significant benefits, especially in settings where longitudinal quantification of cfDNA for disease monitoring is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Kah Goh
- Department of Surgery-Austin Precinct, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, HPB & Transplant Unit, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery-Austin Precinct, Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel R A Cox
- Department of Surgery-Austin Precinct, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, HPB & Transplant Unit, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery-Austin Precinct, Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Boris Ka Leong Wong
- Department of Surgery-Austin Precinct, Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashan Musafer
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom Witkowski
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hongdo Do
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville Precinct, Victoria, Australia.,Pathology Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vijayaragavan Muralidharan
- Department of Surgery-Austin Precinct, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, HPB & Transplant Unit, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- Department of Surgery-Austin Precinct, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery-Austin Precinct, Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Efficient detection and post-surgical monitoring of colon cancer with a multi-marker DNA methylation liquid biopsy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017421118. [PMID: 33495330 PMCID: PMC7865146 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017421118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer recurrence is one of the main causes of death. Early prediction of recurrence by minimal residual disease detection and longitudinal tumor monitoring can improve patient outcomes. Next-generation sequencing methods analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in blood can predict recurrence with high accuracy, but these methods are too expensive and complex to be broadly deployable. We have developed a cost-effective and easily implementable single-tube qPCR method (mqMSP) for quantifying a panel of ctDNA methylation markers. Using this panel to monitor patients after surgery can predict cancer recurrence with high accuracy and well in advance of methods in current use. Multiplex assays, involving the simultaneous use of multiple circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) markers, can improve the performance of liquid biopsies so that they are highly predictive of cancer recurrence. We have developed a single-tube methylation-specific quantitative PCR assay (mqMSP) that uses 10 different methylation markers and is capable of quantitative analysis of plasma samples with as little as 0.05% tumor DNA. In a cohort of 179 plasma samples from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, adenoma patients, and healthy controls, the sensitivity and specificity of the mqMSP assay were 84.9% and 83.3%, respectively. In a head-to-head comparative study, the mqMSP assay also performed better for detecting early-stage (stage I and II) and premalignant polyps than a published SEPT9 assay. In an independent longitudinal cohort of 182 plasma samples (preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up) from 82 CRC patients, the mqMSP assay detected ctDNA in 73 (89.0%) of the preoperative plasma samples. Postoperative detection of ctDNA (within 2 wk of surgery) identified 11 of the 20 recurrence patients and was associated with poorer recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio, 4.20; P = 0.0005). With subsequent longitudinal monitoring, 14 patients (70%) had detectable ctDNA before recurrence, with a median lead time of 8.0 mo earlier than seen with radiologic imaging. The mqMSP assay is cost-effective and easily implementable for routine clinical monitoring of CRC recurrence, which can lead to better patient management after surgery.
Collapse
|
21
|
Nassar FJ, Msheik ZS, Nasr RR, Temraz SN. Methylated circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:111. [PMID: 34001239 PMCID: PMC8130320 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly disease whose death rate ranks second among cancers though its incidence ranks third. Early CRC detection is key and is associated with improved survival outcomes. However, existing tests for CRC diagnosis have several weaknesses thus rendering them inefficient. Moreover, reliable prognostic tests that can predict the overall cancer outcome and recurrence of the disease as well as predictive markers that can assess effectiveness of therapy are still lacking. Thus, shifting to noninvasive liquid biopsy or blood-based biomarkers is vital to improving CRC diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction. Methylated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has gained increased attention as a type of liquid biopsy that is tumor-derived fragmented DNA with epigenetic alterations. Methylated ctDNA are more consistently present in blood of cancer patients as compared to mutated ctDNA. Hence, methylated ctDNA serves as a potential biomarker for CRC that is worth investigating. In this review, we explore what has been reported about methylated ctDNA as a biomarker for CRC diagnosis that can distinguish between CRC patients or those having adenoma and healthy controls as validated specifically through ROC curves. We also examine methylated ctDNA as a biomarker for CRC prognosis and prediction as confirmed through robust statistical analyses. Finally, we discuss the major technical challenges that limits the use of methylated ctDNA for clinical application and suggest possible recommendations to enhance its usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah J Nassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zahraa S Msheik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rihab R Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Sally N Temraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yan YY, Guo QR, Wang FH, Adhikari R, Zhu ZY, Zhang HY, Zhou WM, Yu H, Li JQ, Zhang JY. Cell-Free DNA: Hope and Potential Application in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639233. [PMID: 33693004 PMCID: PMC7938321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is easily accessible in peripheral blood and can be used as biomarkers for cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics. The applications of cfDNA in various areas of cancer management are attracting attention. In this review article, we discuss the potential relevance of using cfDNA analysis in clinical oncology, particularly in cancer screening, early diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, monitoring disease progression; and determining disease prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Yan
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Feng-Hua Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics/Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rameshwar Adhikari
- Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Zhuang-Yan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Wen-Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, China
| | - Jing-Quan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rahat B, Ali T, Sapehia D, Mahajan A, Kaur J. Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids as Epigenetic Biomarkers in Precision Medicine. Front Genet 2020; 11:844. [PMID: 32849827 PMCID: PMC7431953 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulating cell-free nucleic acids (ccfNAs) are a mixture of single- or double-stranded nucleic acids, released into the blood plasma/serum by different tissues via apoptosis, necrosis, and secretions. Under healthy conditions, ccfNAs originate from the hematopoietic system, whereas under various clinical scenarios, the concomitant tissues release ccfNAs into the bloodstream. These ccfNAs include DNA, RNA, microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), fetal DNA/RNA, and mitochondrial DNA/RNA, and act as potential biomarkers in various clinical conditions. These are associated with different epigenetic modifications, which show disease-related variations and so finding their role as epigenetic biomarkers in clinical settings. This field has recently emerged as the latest advance in precision medicine because of its clinical relevance in diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values. DNA methylation detected in ccfDNA has been widely used in personalized clinical diagnosis; furthermore, there is also the emerging role of ccfRNAs like miRNA and lncRNA as epigenetic biomarkers. This review focuses on the novel approaches for exploring ccfNAs as epigenetic biomarkers in personalized clinical diagnosis and prognosis, their potential as therapeutic targets and disease progression monitors, and reveals the tremendous potential that epigenetic biomarkers present to improve precision medicine. We explore the latest techniques for both quantitative and qualitative detection of epigenetic modifications in ccfNAs. The data on epigenetic modifications on ccfNAs are complex and often milieu-specific posing challenges for its understanding. Artificial intelligence and deep networks are the novel approaches for decoding complex data and providing insight into the decision-making in precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beenish Rahat
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Taqveema Ali
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divika Sapehia
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aatish Mahajan
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ottaiano A, Caraglia M. MGMT Promoter Methylation as a Target In Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Rapid Turnover and Use of Folates Alter its Study-Letter. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3493-3494. [PMID: 32611627 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- SSD Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Cancers, Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy.
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cervena K, Siskova A, Buchler T, Vodicka P, Vymetalkova V. Methylation-Based Therapies for Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E1540. [PMID: 32599894 PMCID: PMC7349319 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) is caused by the gradual long-term accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic changes. Recently, epigenetic alterations have been included in the classification of the CRC molecular subtype, and this points out their prognostic impact. As epigenetic modifications are reversible, they may represent relevant therapeutic targets. DNA methylation, catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), regulates gene expression. For many years, the deregulation of DNA methylation has been considered to play a substantial part in CRC etiology and evolution. Despite considerable advances in CRC treatment, patient therapy response persists as limited, and their profit from systemic therapies are often hampered by the introduction of chemoresistance. In addition, inter-individual changes in therapy response in CRC patients can arise from their specific (epi)genetic compositions. In this review article, we summarize the options of CRC treatment based on DNA methylation status for their predictive value. This review also includes the therapy outcomes based on the patient's methylation status in CRC patients. In addition, the current challenge of research is to develop therapeutic inhibitors of DNMT. Based on the essential role of DNA methylation in CRC development, the application of DNMT inhibitors was recently proposed for the treatment of CRC patients, especially in patients with DNA hypermethylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Cervena
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14 200 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.C.); (A.S.); (P.V.)
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Siskova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14 200 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.C.); (A.S.); (P.V.)
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Buchler
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Videnska 800, 140 59 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14 200 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.C.); (A.S.); (P.V.)
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14 200 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.C.); (A.S.); (P.V.)
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A First Step to a Biomarker of Curative Surgery in Colorectal Cancer by Liquid Biopsy of Methylated Septin 9 Gene. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:9761406. [PMID: 32566042 PMCID: PMC7293729 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9761406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To confirm that patients affected by colorectal cancer have the V2 region of Septin 9 (SEPT9) gene hypermethylated in the circulating free DNA from a peripheral blood sample before surgery and to determine if this hypermethylated DNA disappears from the patients after complete resection of the tumour. Methods Plasma from 10 patients with colorectal cancer was collected preoperative and three months after surgery. The analysis of the methylation status of the promoter region of the SEPT9 gene was performed using a 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System. Results Hypermethylation of SEPT9 gene was detected in 8 out of 10 preoperative samples (one negative result was probed to be a Lynch syndrome) and in 4 out of 10 postoperative samples matching with the cases of recurrence or persistence of disease. This means that, in this sample, the preoperative sensitivity and specificity of the test were 88.9% and 100%, respectively, and there is 100% correlation between the positive results of the SEPT9 test and a recurrence/persistence of the disease in patients after surgical resection. Conclusions Our study shows that circulating hypermethylated SEPT9 is a specific colorectal cancer biomarker. This hypermethylated SEPT9 DNA disappears around three months after surgery and that circulating hypermethylated SEPT9 may be the first noninvasive marker for postsurgical diagnosis; this conclusion must be confirmed with a more significant number of patients.
Collapse
|
27
|
The Neuropeptide System and Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: Mechanisms and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103494
expr 969553959 + 931886332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), classified as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide, remains to be a clinical and research challenge. It is estimated that ~50% of CRC patients die from distant metastases, with treatment of this complication still posing significant difficulties. While liver metastasis (LM) cascade is known in the literature, its mechanisms are still unclear and remain studied in different research models. A connection is suggested between nervous system dysfunctions and a range of Neurotransmitters (Nts) (including Neuropeptides, NPs), Neurotrophins (Ntt) and their receptors (Rs) in CRC liver metastasis development. Studies on the role of NP/NP-Rs in the progression and metastasis of CRC, show the complexity of brain–tumor interactions, caused by their different forms of release to the extracellular environment (endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and neurocrine). Many stages of LM are connected to the activity of pro-inflammatory, e.g., Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (CRHR1), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Neurotensin (NT), anti-inflammatory, e.g., Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP), CRHR2 and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) or dual role neuropeptides, e.g., Substance P (SP). The regulation of the local immunological profile (e.g., CRH/CRHRs), dysfunctions of enteroprotective role of NPs on epithelial cells (e.g., NT/NT-R), as well as structural-functional changes in enteric nervous system innervation of the tumor are also important. More research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms of communication between the neurons and tumor cells. The knowledge on the mechanisms regulating tumor growth and different stages of metastasis, as well as effects of the action of a numerous group of Nts/NPs/Ntt as growth factors, have implications for future therapeutic strategies. To obtain the best treatment outcomes, it is important to use signaling pathways common for many NPs, as well to develop a range of broad-spectrum antagonists. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the importance of neuroactive molecules in the promotion of the invasion-metastasis cascade in CRC, as well as the improvements of clinical management of CRC liver metastasis.
Collapse
|
28
|
The Neuropeptide System and Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: Mechanisms and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103494. [PMID: 32429087 PMCID: PMC7279011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), classified as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide, remains to be a clinical and research challenge. It is estimated that ~50% of CRC patients die from distant metastases, with treatment of this complication still posing significant difficulties. While liver metastasis (LM) cascade is known in the literature, its mechanisms are still unclear and remain studied in different research models. A connection is suggested between nervous system dysfunctions and a range of Neurotransmitters (Nts) (including Neuropeptides, NPs), Neurotrophins (Ntt) and their receptors (Rs) in CRC liver metastasis development. Studies on the role of NP/NP-Rs in the progression and metastasis of CRC, show the complexity of brain–tumor interactions, caused by their different forms of release to the extracellular environment (endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and neurocrine). Many stages of LM are connected to the activity of pro-inflammatory, e.g., Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (CRHR1), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Neurotensin (NT), anti-inflammatory, e.g., Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP), CRHR2 and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) or dual role neuropeptides, e.g., Substance P (SP). The regulation of the local immunological profile (e.g., CRH/CRHRs), dysfunctions of enteroprotective role of NPs on epithelial cells (e.g., NT/NT-R), as well as structural-functional changes in enteric nervous system innervation of the tumor are also important. More research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms of communication between the neurons and tumor cells. The knowledge on the mechanisms regulating tumor growth and different stages of metastasis, as well as effects of the action of a numerous group of Nts/NPs/Ntt as growth factors, have implications for future therapeutic strategies. To obtain the best treatment outcomes, it is important to use signaling pathways common for many NPs, as well to develop a range of broad-spectrum antagonists. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the importance of neuroactive molecules in the promotion of the invasion-metastasis cascade in CRC, as well as the improvements of clinical management of CRC liver metastasis.
Collapse
|
29
|
The Role of Tachykinins in the Initiation and Progression of Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
30
|
Constâncio V, Nunes SP, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. DNA Methylation-Based Testing in Liquid Biopsies as Detection and Prognostic Biomarkers for the Four Major Cancer Types. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030624. [PMID: 32150897 PMCID: PMC7140532 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers are the most incident worldwide. Optimal population-based cancer screening methods remain an unmet need, since cancer detection at early stages increases the prospects of successful and curative treatment, leading to a lower incidence of recurrences. Moreover, the current parameters for cancer patients’ stratification have been associated with divergent outcomes. Therefore, new biomarkers that could aid in cancer detection and prognosis, preferably detected by minimally invasive methods are of major importance. Aberrant DNA methylation is an early event in cancer development and may be detected in circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA), constituting a valuable cancer biomarker. Furthermore, DNA methylation is a stable alteration that can be easily and rapidly quantified by methylation-specific PCR methods. Thus, the main goal of this review is to provide an overview of the most important studies that report methylation biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of the four major cancers after a critical analysis of the available literature. DNA methylation-based biomarkers show promise for cancer detection and management, with some studies describing a “PanCancer” detection approach for the simultaneous detection of several cancer types. Nonetheless, DNA methylation biomarkers still lack large-scale validation, precluding implementation in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Constâncio
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
- Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra P. Nunes
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar–University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar–University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +351-225084000; Fax: + 351-225084047
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Maekawa H, Ito T, Orita H, Kushida T, Sakurada M, Sato K, Hulbert A, Brock MV. Analysis of the methylation of CpG islands in the CDO1, TAC1 and CHFR genes in pancreatic ductal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2197-2204. [PMID: 32194717 PMCID: PMC7039134 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
No difference in the gene methylation status of tumor-suppression genes between pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancer tissues is observed. The present study investigated whether the promoter CpG islands of the cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1), tachykinin precursor 1 (TAC1) and checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains (CHFR) genes were methylated in pancreatic cancer and adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissue in order to determine if they could be considered as markers for the detection of pancreatic cancer. A total of 38 Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues and their adjacent non-cancerous specimens from patients with pancreatic cancer, as well as 9 non-cancerous pancreatic samples from patients without pancreatic adenocarcinoma were obtained following surgical resection. The hypermethylation of CpG islands was detected using a methylation-specific quantitative PCR. The methylation values were calculated using the ∆Cq method and were expressed as 2−ΔCq. The 2−ΔCq value of the CDO1 promoter from pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens was significantly higher compared with that of adjacent non-cancerous and tumor-free pancreatic tissues (P<0.0001 and P=0.0008, respectively). The 2−ΔCq value of the TAC1 promoter of pancreatic adenocarcinoma was also significantly higher compared with that of adjacent non-cancerous tissues and tumor-free pancreatic samples (both P<0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in the 2−ΔCq value of the CHFR promoter among the pancreatic cancer, adjacent non-cancer tissue and tumor-free pancreatic samples. Furthermore, 12 out of the 38 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases (31.6%) presented some methylation in the CHFR promoter. The results from Kaplan-Meier analysis between CHFR promoter methylation values and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma demonstrated that CHFR promoter methylation was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. The methylation values of CDO1 and TAC1 promoters in cancer tissues were higher compared with adjacent tissues. However, whether hypermethylation of CDO1 and TAC1 promoters may serve as a biomarker in the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Maekawa
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ito
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan.,Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hajime Orita
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kushida
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Sakurada
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Alicia Hulbert
- Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Response. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010286. [PMID: 31968651 PMCID: PMC7019273 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitor therapy constitutes a promising cancer treatment strategy that targets the immune checkpoints to re-activate silenced T cell cytotoxicity. In recent pivotal trials, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) demonstrated durable responses and acceptable toxicity, resulting in the regulatory approval of 8 checkpoint inhibitors to date for 15 cancer indications. However, up to ~85% of patients present with innate or acquired resistance to ICB, limiting its clinical utility. Current response biomarker candidates, including DNA mutation and neoantigen load, immune profiles, as well as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, are only weak predictors of ICB response. Thus, identification of novel, more predictive biomarkers that could identify patients who would benefit from ICB constitutes one of the most important areas of immunotherapy research. Aberrant DNA methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC) were discovered in multiple cancers, and dynamic changes of the epigenomic landscape have been identified during T cell differentiation and activation. While their role in cancer immunosuppression remains to be elucidated, recent evidence suggests that 5mC and 5hmC may serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers of ICB-sensitive cancers. In this review, we describe the role of epigenetic phenomena in tumor immunoediting and other immune evasion related processes, provide a comprehensive update of the current status of ICB-response biomarkers, and highlight promising epigenomic biomarker candidates.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wan Omar W, Mohd Zain SD. The effect of Phyllanthus debilis methanolic extract on DNA methylation of TAC1 gene in colorectal cancer cell line. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_226_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
34
|
Xu H, Sun Y, Ma Z, Xu X, Qin L, Luo B. LOC134466 methylation promotes oncogenesis of endometrial carcinoma through LOC134466/hsa-miR-196a-5p/TAC1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3353-3370. [PMID: 30485833 PMCID: PMC6286819 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate possible mechanism of abnormal methylation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) on endometrial carcinoma (EC) progression, we detected the genome methylation profiling of endometrial carcinoma by bioinformatic analysis. Accordingly, gene LOC134466 was chosen for the further research. We also found that TAC1 was the target gene of LOC134466 and miRNA, hsa-miR-196a-5p, might form a connection between LOC134466 and TAC1. The relationship was further proved by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In vitro studies, DNA methylation and expression were determined by MSP and qRT-PCR respectively. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were demonstrated by colony formation assay, Annexin V/PI double staining and flow cytometry. Besides, the function of LOC134466 and TAC1 in EC was further confirmed by Tumor Xenograft. Our results indicated that EC progression was promoted by hypermethylated LOC134466 and TAC1. Moreover, TAC1 transcription was regulated by LOC134466 via hsa-miR-196a-5p binding. LOC134466 and TAC1 demethylation by 5-Aza-2-Deoxycytidine inhibited EC cells proliferation and accelerated cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of TACR1, TACR2 and TACR3 was remarkably decreased through LOC134466 and TAC1 treatments. Our findings establish a novel regulatory axis, LOC134466/hsa-miR-196a-5p/TAC1. Downregulation of the axis promoted EC development through TACR3, which further activated neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huangjiahu Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Clinic College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Baoping Luo
- Department of Oncology, The First Clinic College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China.,Department of Oncology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li C, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Nguyen A, Ting K, Soo C. Nell-1 Is a Key Functional Modulator in Osteochondrogenesis and Beyond. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1458-1468. [PMID: 31610747 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519882000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural EGFL-like 1 (Nell-1) is a well-studied osteogenic factor that has comparable osteogenic potency with the Food and Drug Administration-approved bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2). In this review, which aims to summarize the advanced Nell-1 research in the past 10 y, we start with the correlation of structural and functional relevance of the Nell-1 protein with the identification of a specific receptor of Nell-1, contactin-associated protein-like 4 (Cntnap4), for osteogenesis. The indispensable role of Nell-1 in normal craniofacial and appendicular skeletal development and growth was also defined by using the newly developed tissue-specific Nell-1 knockout mouse lines in addition to the existing transgenic mouse models. With the achievements on Nell-1's osteogenic therapeutic evaluations from multiple preclinical animal models for local and systemic bone regeneration, the synergistic effect of Nell-1 with BMP-2 on osteogenesis, as well as the advantages of Nell-1 as an osteogenic protein with antiadipogenic, anti-inflammatory, and provascularized characteristics over BMP-2 in bone tissue engineering, is highlighted, which lays the groundwork for the clinical trial approval of Nell-1. At the molecular level, besides the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, we emphasize the significant involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as well as the key regulatory molecules Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in Nell-1-induced osteogenesis. In addition, the involvement of Nell-1 in chondrogenesis and its relevant pathologies have been revealed with the participation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (Nfatc1), Runx3, and Indian hedgehog (Ihh) signaling pathways, although the mechanistic insights of Nell-1's osteochondrogenic property will be continuously evolving. With this perspective, we elucidate some emerging and novel functional properties of Nell-1 in oral-dental and neural tissues that will be the frontiers of future Nell-1 studies beyond the context of bone and cartilage. As such, the therapeutic potential of Nell-1 continues to evolve and grow with continuous pursuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - X Zhang
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Z Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Ting
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shen N, Wang T, Li D, Zhu Y, Xie H, Lu Y. Hypermethylation of the SEPT9 Gene Suggests Significantly Poor Prognosis in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Genet 2019; 10:887. [PMID: 31608117 PMCID: PMC6761278 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant hypermethylation of the Septin 9 (SEPT9) is an early event in several human cancers, and increasing studies have reported good performance of methylated SEPT9 (mSEPT9) in cancer diagnosis. Recent studies further focused on its value in cancer prognosis, but results are not clearly elucidated. Methods: A comprehensive search to identify relevant studies about the association between mSEPT9 and cancer prognosis was conducted through the EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases (up to January 2019). The main outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for OS and DFS were extracted from each included study and pooled using a random-effects model. Results: Ten eligible studies comprising 1,266 cancer patients were included. Results demonstrated that mSEPT9 was associated with poor OS (HR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.40–3.06). Specially, mSEPT9 detected in preoperative plasma predicted worse OS in cancer patients (HR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.93–5.48). In addition, we also identified a significant association of mSEPT9 with decreased DFS of cancer (HR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.81–5.79). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis supports that mSEPT9 is associated with reduced OS and DFS in cancer patients. Moreover, detection of mSEPT9 using plasma appears to be a convenient and promising way to predict long-term survival of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Delei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaowu Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ma ZY, Law WL, Ng EKO, Chan CSY, Lau KS, Cheng YY, Shin VY, Kwong A, Leung WK. Methylated Septin 9 and Carcinoembryonic Antigen for Serological Diagnosis and Monitoring of Patients with Colorectal Cancer After Surgery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10326. [PMID: 31316143 PMCID: PMC6637112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC), early and accurate diagnosis is of paramount priority to combat this cancer. Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation are innovative biomarkers for CRC, due to their stability, frequency, and accessibility in bodily fluids. In this study, blood samples were prospectively collected from patients before and after operation for CRC for determination of methylated septin 9 (mSEPT9) and compared to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The sensitivity of using mSEPT9 methylation status for diagnosing CRC was significantly higher than using elevated CEA levels (73.2% vs 48.2%; p value < 0.001). The sensitivities of both tests increased with higher tumor staging (P = 0.004 and 0.04 respectively). Combined mSEPT9 and CEA had higher accuracy than single CEA or mSEPT9 (P = 0.009 and 0.532 separately). An increase in the methylation level of mSEPT9 detected in the post-operative samples was associated with a higher mortality rate (15.2% vs 1.8%; P = 0.024) and the presence of metastasis (27.3% vs 7.0%; P = 0.013). mSEPT9 was more sensitive than CEA for diagnosing CRC, and combined mSEPT9 and CEA was more accurate. After curative resection, detection of increased mSEPT9 methylation level may indicate adverse outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yao Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Lun Law
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Cherry Sze Yan Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam Shing Lau
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen Yee Cheng
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vivian Yvonne Shin
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai K Leung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cervena K, Vodicka P, Vymetalkova V. Diagnostic and prognostic impact of cell-free DNA in human cancers: Systematic review. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:100-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
39
|
Yang X, Xu ZJ, Chen X, Zeng SS, Qian L, Wei J, Peng M, Wang X, Liu WL, Ma HY, Gong ZC, Yan YL. Clinical value of preoperative methylated septin 9 in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2099-2109. [PMID: 31114136 PMCID: PMC6506579 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i17.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The methylated septin 9 (mSEPT9) assay was the first blood-based test approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as a colorectal screening test. However, the diagnostic and prognostic role of preoperative mSEPT9 for colorectal cancer (CRC) in Chinese patients is still unknown.
AIM To improve the understanding of diagnostic and prognostic factors, serum mSEPT9 was detected in Chinese CRC patients.
METHODS A retrospective analysis of 354 cases, of which 300 had CRC and 54 were normal, was performed in China. Patients’ characteristics, treatments, and laboratory data, including age, the date of surgery, Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stages, distant metastasis (M), and so on, were collected. Methylation levels of SEPT9 were quantified by quantitative, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction before surgery. In addition, the effects of mSEPT9 on the occurrence and prognosis of 330 CRC cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were evaluated using bioinformatics analyses. Potential prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis.
RESULTS In Chinese CRC patients, positive mSEPT9 was strongly associated with advanced UICC stages, deeper invasion by the primary tumor, and more distant metastasis. Methylation levels of SEPT9 were stage-dependent and showed a stepwise increase in UICC stages (I–IV), primary tumor categories (T1–T4), regional node categories (N0–N2), and distant metastasis categories (M0–M1). The patients with positive mSEPT9 showed a tendency toward lower PFS. After analyzing TCGA clinical data, the high mSEPT9 group was found to be obviously correlated only with more distant metastasis. The patients with high mSEPT9 levels showed a tendency toward lower OS. Besides, nine meaningful mSEPT9 sites were found to provide guidance for the follow-up studies.
CONCLUSION MSEPT9 analysis may add valuable information to current tumor staging. Serum mSEPT9 in Chinese CRC patients appears to offer promising novel prognostic markers and might be considered for monitoring CRC recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mei Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wan-Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong-Ying Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Roles of Methylated DNA Biomarkers in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:2673543. [PMID: 30944663 PMCID: PMC6421784 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2673543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cancer globally; therefore, early diagnosis and surveillance of this cancer are of paramount importance. Current methods of CRC diagnosis rely heavily on endoscopy or radiological imaging. Noninvasive tests including serum detection of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) are associated with low sensitivity and specificity, especially at early stages. DNA methylation biomarkers have recently been found to have higher accuracy in CRC detection and enhanced prediction of prognosis and chemotherapy response. The most widely studied biomarker in CRC is methylated septin 9 (SEPT9), which is the only FDA-approved methylation-based biomarker for CRC. Apart from SEPT9, other methylated biomarkers including tachykinin-1 (TAC1), somatostatin (SST), and runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) have been shown to effectively detect CRC in a multitude of sample types. This review will discuss the performances of various methylated biomarkers used for CRC diagnosis and monitoring, when used alone or in combination.
Collapse
|
41
|
Gill S, Meyerhardt JA, Arun M, Veenstra CM. Translating IDEA to Practice and Beyond: Managing Stage II and III Colon Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2019; 39:226-235. [PMID: 31099666 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_237443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy has been the standard of care for resected stage III colon cancer since the 1990s; the evolution from 12 to 6 months of fluoropyrimidine therapy and the addition of oxaliplatin to fluoropyrimidine therapy have led to the current accepted standard. However, controversies remain. What is the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II disease, and in whom? What is the optimal duration of adjuvant chemotherapy? How should patients with early-stage colon cancer be followed after surgery and adjuvant treatment? Recent evidence has emerged to help inform these important questions, including the International Duration Evaluation of Adjuvant therapy (IDEA) collaboration, which is the largest, prospective study in colon cancer with 12,834 patients. This review discusses current and future risk stratification strategies in stage II disease: the optimal duration of adjuvant oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy in stage II and III disease according to the IDEA study, and the recent evidence and updated recommendations for surveillance of early-stage colon cancer after resection.
Collapse
|
42
|
He N, Song L, Kang Q, Jin P, Cai G, Zhou J, Zhou G, Sheng J, Cai S, Wang J, Han X, Nie Y, Wu K. The Pathological Features of Colorectal Cancer Determine the Detection Performance on Blood ctDNA. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818791794. [PMID: 30223720 PMCID: PMC6144579 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818791794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Methylated SEPT9 is a novel circulating tumor DNA marker for colorectal cancer, while the effects of various colorectal cancer clinicopathological factors on its detection performance have not been fully evaluated. This study aims to investigate the significance of the clinicopathological factors on methylated SEPT9 performance in a symptomatic endoscopy cohort, with a specific focus on colorectal cancer. Methods: A total of 1160 participants were recruited in this study, including 300 patients with colorectal cancer, 122 patients with adenoma, 103 patients with hyperplastic polyps, 568 normal participants (no evidence of disease), and 67 patients with other gastrointestinal diseases. Peripheral blood samples of these participants were collected from 3 Chinese hospitals, and the methylated SEPT9 level was measured using the Epi proColon 2.0 assay. Results: Cancer stage, size, and invasion depth were positively correlated with the detection sensitivity, while no difference in sensitivity was identified among cancers at various locations. Infiltrative colorectal cancer exhibited higher sensitivity than ulcerative and protrude colorectal cancer, while no difference in sensitivity was observed among assessed histological types. The colorectal cancer differentiation showed a clear correlation with the cancer stage, and moderate and poorly differentiated colorectal cancer exhibited higher sensitivity than well-differentiated colorectal cancer. Furthermore, colorectal cancer with distal metastasis (M1) showed higher sensitivity than those without any metastasis, while colorectal cancer with lymph node metastasis (N1 and N2) did not show statistical significance compared to those without it. Finally, local vessel or nerve invasion did not affect the sensitivity. Conclusion: Factors that reflect the colorectal cancer intrinsic properties, including cancer stage, size, invasion depth, classification, differentiation, and metastasis, exhibited significant effect on the mSEPT9 detection performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na He
- 1 National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lele Song
- 2 BioChain (Beijing) Science and Technology, Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Kang
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, The Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Jin
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, The Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxiang Cai
- 4 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- 1 National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangpeng Zhou
- 2 BioChain (Beijing) Science and Technology, Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiu Sheng
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, The Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- 4 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- 2 BioChain (Beijing) Science and Technology, Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Han
- 2 BioChain (Beijing) Science and Technology, Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- 1 National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- 1 National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Song L, Wang J, Wang H, Chen Y, Jia J, Guo S, Liu H, Peng X, Xiao W, Gong Y, Yang B, Lu Y, Li Y. The quantitative profiling of blood mSEPT9 determines the detection performance on colorectal tumors. Epigenomics 2018; 10:1569-1583. [PMID: 30426784 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the quantitative relationship between the positive detection rate (PDR) in colorectal tumor detection and the mSEPT9 level. MATERIALS & METHODS The level of blood mSEPT9 in various colorectal diseases was quantified by the Epi proColon 2.0 assay. ΔΔCt values were calculated representing the mSEPT9 level. A total of 1347 subjects were recruited in this quantitative study. RESULTS PDR or sensitivity was positively correlated with the progression of colorectal tumors and the mSEPT9 level in an exponential relationship. The mSEPT9 level of CRC exhibited a distinct pattern of distribution. Strong correlation was found between mSEPT9 level and PDR or sensitivity in various tumor differentiation, pathological types or metastasis. CONCLUSION The quantitative profiling of blood mSEPT9 determines the detection performance on colorectal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Chinese PLA 309th Hospital, Beijing, PR China.,BioChain (Beijing) Science & Technology, Inc., Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Chinese PLA 309th Hospital, Beijing, PR China.,Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, PR China
| | - Huaiqing Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Chinese PLA 309th Hospital, Beijing, PR China.,Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, the Chinese PLA 302th Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Chinese PLA 309th Hospital, Beijing, PR China.,Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, PR China
| | - Shaohua Guo
- Department of General Surgery, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiumei Peng
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuan Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the Chinese PLA 309th Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yinying Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, the Chinese PLA 302th Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuemin Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Chinese PLA 309th Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Saini A, Pershad Y, Albadawi H, Kuo M, Alzubaidi S, Naidu S, Knuttinen MG, Oklu R. Liquid Biopsy in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:diagnostics8040075. [PMID: 30380690 PMCID: PMC6316210 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is the sampling of any biological fluid in an effort to enrich and analyze a tumor's genetic material. Peripheral blood remains the most studied liquid biopsy material, with circulating tumor cells (CTC's) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) allowing the examination and longitudinal monitoring of a tumors genetic landscape. With applications in cancer screening, prognostic stratification, therapy selection and disease surveillance, liquid biopsy represents an exciting new paradigm in the field of cancer diagnostics and offers a less invasive and more comprehensive alternative to conventional tissue biopsy. Here, we examine liquid biopsies in gastrointestinal cancers, specifically colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers, with an emphasis on applications in diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aman Saini
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
| | - Yash Pershad
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
| | - Hassan Albadawi
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
| | - Malia Kuo
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
| | - Sadeer Alzubaidi
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
| | - Sailendra Naidu
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
| | - M-Grace Knuttinen
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vymetalkova V, Cervena K, Bartu L, Vodicka P. Circulating Cell-Free DNA and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113356. [PMID: 30373199 PMCID: PMC6274807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong demand for the identification of new biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. Among all liquid biopsy analysts, cell-free circulating DNA (cfDNA) is probably the most promising tool with respect to the identification of minimal residual diseases, assessment of treatment response and prognosis, and identification of resistance mechanisms. Circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) maintains the same genomic signatures that are present in the matching tumor tissue allowing for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of mutation burdens in body fluids. Thus, ctDNA-based research represents a non-invasive method for cancer detection. Among the numerous possible applications, the diagnostic, predictive, and/or prognostic utility of ctDNA in CRC has attracted intense research during the last few years. In the present review, we will describe the different aspects related to cfDNA research and evidence from studies supporting its potential use in CRC diagnoses and the improvement of therapy efficacy. We believe that ctDNA-based research should be considered as key towards the introduction of personalized medicine and patient benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vymetalkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - Klara Cervena
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Linda Bartu
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vedeld HM, Goel A, Lind GE. Epigenetic biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers: The current state and clinical perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 51:36-49. [PMID: 29253542 PMCID: PMC7286571 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Each year, almost 4.1 million people are diagnosed with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Due to late detection of this disease, the mortality is high, causing approximately 3 million cancer-related deaths annually, worldwide. Although the incidence and survival differs according to organ site, earlier detection and improved prognostication have the potential to reduce overall mortality burden from these cancers. Epigenetic changes, including aberrant promoter DNA methylation, are common events in both cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, such changes may be identified non-invasively with the use of PCR based methods, in bodily fluids of cancer patients. These features make aberrant DNA methylation a promising substrate for the development of disease biomarkers for early detection, prognosis and for predicting response to therapy. In this article, we will provide an update and current clinical perspectives for DNA methylation alterations in patients with colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, liver and esophageal cancers, and discuss their potential role as cancer biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hege Marie Vedeld
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, and Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Guro E Lind
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Song L, Guo S, Wang J, Peng X, Jia J, Gong Y, Yang B, Xiao W, Dong C, Liu H, Li Y. The blood mSEPT9 is capable of assessing the surgical therapeutic effect and the prognosis of colorectal cancer. Biomark Med 2018; 12:961-973. [PMID: 30043648 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the performance of methylated SEPT9 (mSEPT9) in assessing the surgical therapeutic effect and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Blood samples before surgery and 1 and 7 days after surgery were obtained from 120 CRC patients, and mSEPT9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assays were performed. RESULTS The mean plasma mSEPT9 level showed 57.6-times and 131.1-times decrease 1 day and 7 days after surgery, respectively. In contrast, mean CEA levels showed 2.51-and 2.70-times decrease 1 and 7 days after surgery. 86.7% of patients can be assessed by mSEPT9 while 44.2% can be assessed by CEA. Positive mSEPT9 detection before surgery correlated with higher risk of death after surgery. CONCLUSION mSEPT9 is effective for CRC postsurgical assessment and prognosis prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Chinese PLA 309th Hospital, Beijing, PR China.,BioChain (Beijing) Science & Techology, Inc., Beijing, PR China
| | - Shaohua Guo
- Department of General Surgery, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Chinese PLA 309th Hospital, Beijing, PR China.,Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xiumei Peng
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Chinese PLA 309th Hospital, Beijing, PR China.,Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yuan Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the Chinese PLA 309th Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Chinese PLA 309th Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuemin Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Chinese PLA 309th Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gorgannezhad L, Umer M, Islam MN, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Circulating tumor DNA and liquid biopsy: opportunities, challenges, and recent advances in detection technologies. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1174-1196. [PMID: 29569666 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) refers to short fragments of acellular nucleic acids detectable in almost all body fluids, including blood, and is involved in various physiological and pathological phenomena such as immunity, coagulation, aging, and cancer. In cancer patients, a fraction of hematogenous cfDNA originates from tumors, termed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and may carry the same mutations and genetic alterations as those of a primary tumor. Thus, ctDNA potentially provides an opportunity for noninvasive assessment of cancer. Recent advances in ctDNA analysis methods will potentially lead to the development of a liquid biopsy tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, therapy response monitoring, and tracking the rise of new mutant sub-clones in cancer patients. Over the past few decades, cancer-specific mutations in ctDNA have been detected using a variety of untargeted methods such as digital karyotyping, personalized analysis of rearranged ends (PARE), whole-genome sequencing of ctDNA, and targeted approaches such as conventional and digital PCR-based methods and deep sequencing-based technologies. More recently, several chip-based electrochemical sensors have been developed for the analysis of ctDNA in patient samples. This paper aims to comprehensively review the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive potential of ctDNA as a minimally invasive liquid biopsy for cancer patients. We also present an overview of current advances in the analytical sensitivity and accuracy of ctDNA analysis methods as well as biological and technical challenges, which need to be resolved for the integration of ctDNA analysis into routine clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gorgannezhad
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad Umer
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Misawa K, Mima M, Imai A, Mochizuki D, Misawa Y, Endo S, Ishikawa R, Kanazawa T, Mineta H. The neuropeptide genes SST, TAC1, HCRT, NPY, and GAL are powerful epigenetic biomarkers in head and neck cancer: a site-specific analysis. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:52. [PMID: 29682090 PMCID: PMC5896056 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staging and pathological grading systems are convenient but imperfect predictors of recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Identifying biomarkers for HNSCC that will progress and cause death is a critical research area, particularly if the biomarker can be linked to selection of patients. Therefore, to identify potential alternative prognostic markers, we investigated the methylation status of five neuropeptide gene promoters. The promoter methylation status was determined by quantitative methylation-specific PCR in 230 cases of HNSCC; 58 hypopharynx, 45 larynx, 56 oropharynx, and 71 oral cavity tumor samples were studied. Results The somatostatin (SST), tachykinin precursor 1 (TAC1), hypocretin neuropeptide precursor (HCRT), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and galanin (GAL) promoters were methylated in 84.3, 63.5, 32.6, 28.3, and 20.0%, respectively, of the samples. The mean number of methylated genes per sample was 2.29 (range, 0–5). Disease-free survival was lower in patients with 3–5 methylated genes than in those with 0–2 methylated genes (log-rank test, P = 0.007). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, TAC1 and GAL promoter methylation independently predicted recurrence (odds ratios 1.620, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.018–2.578, P = 0.042, and odds ratios 1.692, 95% CI 1.063–2.694, P = 0.027, respectively). In patients with oral cancer, TAC1 methylation showed the best correlation with poor survival (odds ratio 4.427, 95% CI 1.634–12.00, P = 0.003). Similar findings were observed for HCRT and GAL in patients with laryngeal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated the methylation status of the neuropeptide-encoding genes SST, TAC1, HCRT, NPY, and GAL and its relationship with recurrence and survival in HNSCC. These methylation changes may serve as potential molecular markers for defining the risk and prognosis of HNSCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0485-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Misawa
- 1Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Masato Mima
- 1Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Atsushi Imai
- 1Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Daiki Mochizuki
- 1Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Yuki Misawa
- 1Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Shiori Endo
- 1Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Ryuji Ishikawa
- 1Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Takeharu Kanazawa
- 2Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mineta
- 1Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Prognostic DNA methylation markers for sporadic colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:35. [PMID: 29564023 PMCID: PMC5851322 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers that can predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and that can stratify high-risk early stage patients from low-risk early stage patients are urgently needed for better management of CRC. During the last decades, a large variety of prognostic DNA methylation markers has been published in the literature. However, to date, none of these markers are used in clinical practice. Methods To obtain an overview of the number of published prognostic methylation markers for CRC, the number of markers that was validated independently, and the current level of evidence (LoE), we conducted a systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. In addition, we scored studies based on the REMARK guidelines that were established in order to attain more transparency and complete reporting of prognostic biomarker studies. Eighty-three studies reporting on 123 methylation markers fulfilled the study entry criteria and were scored according to REMARK. Results Sixty-three studies investigated single methylation markers, whereas 20 studies reported combinations of methylation markers. We observed substantial variation regarding the reporting of sample sizes and patient characteristics, statistical analyses, and methodology. The median (range) REMARK score for the studies was 10.7 points (4.5 to 17.5) out of a maximum of 20 possible points. The median REMARK score was lower in studies, which reported a p value below 0.05 versus those, which did not (p = 0.005). A borderline statistically significant association was observed between the reported p value of the survival analysis and the size of the study population (p = 0.051). Only 23 out of 123 markers (17%) were investigated in two or more study series. For 12 markers, and two multimarker panels, consistent results were reported in two or more study series. For four markers, the current LoE is level II, for all other markers, the LoE is lower. Conclusion This systematic review reflects that adequate reporting according to REMARK and validation of prognostic methylation markers is absent in the majority of CRC methylation marker studies. However, this systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of published prognostic methylation markers for CRC and highlights the most promising markers that have been published in the last two decades. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0461-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|