Quantitative analysis of total methenolone in animal source food by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Recent advances in mass spectrometry for the detection of doping

INTRODUCTION

The analysis of doping control samples is preferably performed by mass spectrometry, because obtained results meet the highest analytical standards and ensure an impressive degree of reliability. The advancement in mass spectrometry and all its associated technologies thus allow for continuous improvements in doping control analysis.

AREAS COVERED

Modern mass spectrometric systems have reached a status of increased sensitivity, robustness, and specificity within the last decade. The improved sensitivity in particular has, on the other hand, also led to the detection of drug residues that were attributable to scenarios where the prohibited substances were not administered consciously but rather by the unconscious ingestion of or exposure to contaminated products. These scenarios and their doubtless clarification represent a great challenge. Here, too, modern MS systems and their applications can provide good insights in the interpretation of dose-related metabolism of prohibited substances. In addition to the development of new instruments itself, software-assisted analysis of the sometimes highly complex data is playing an increasingly important role and facilitating the work of doping control laboratories.

EXPERT OPINION

The sensitive analysis and evaluation of a higher number of samples in a shorter time is made possible by the ongoing developments in mass spectrometry.

Adverse analytical finding due to red blood cells transfusion: A rare case involving the diuretic dorzolamide

Early November 2020 an Olympic gold medal winner returned during an out-competition control an adverse analytical finding for dorzolamide, a diuretic mostly used to treat glaucoma. Estimated urine concentrations were 2.2 and 1.6 ng/ml in the A and B specimens, respectively. As the athlete denied any use of dorzolamide, a complex forensic investigation was suggested. It revealed that the athlete was severely injured during a car crash 6 months before where he received 2× 500 ml of red blood cells transfusion. One of the blood donors declared using dorzolamide. A plasma aliquot, stored for legal purposes, was tested by LC-MS/MS several months later and contained 4.3 ng/ml of dorzolamide. Given the very long half-life of the drug, up to 150 days and its reported incorporation into erythrocyte, it was accepted by the French antidoping administration (AFLD) that the source of contamination was this blood transfusion and that the antidoping rule violation was unintended.

Lanthanide ion (Ln3+ )-based upconversion sensor for quantification of food contaminants: A review

The food safety issue has gradually become the focus of attention in modern society. The presence of food contaminants poses a threat to human health and there are a number of interesting researches on the detection of food contaminants. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are superior to other fluorescence materials, considering the benefits of large anti-Stokes shifts, high chemical stability, non-autofluorescence, good light penetration ability, and low toxicity. These properties render UCNPs promising candidates as luminescent labels in biodetection, which provides opportunities as a sensitive, accurate, and rapid detection method. This paper intended to review the research progress of food contaminants detection by UCNPs-based sensors. We have proposed the key criteria for UCNPs in the detection of food contaminants. Additionally, it highlighted the construction process of the UCNPs-based sensors, which includes the synthesis and modification of UCNPs, selection of the recognition elements, and consideration of the detection principle. Moreover, six kinds of food contaminants detected by UCNPs technology in the past 5 years have been summarized and discussed fairly. Last but not least, it is outlined that UCNPs have great potential to be applied in food safety detection and threw new insight into the challenges ahead.