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Tse P, Shafer J, Bryan SA, Nelson GL, Lines AM. Measuring Nd(III) Solution Concentration in the Presence of Interfering Er(III) and Cu(II) Ions: A Partial Least Squares Analysis of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectra. Appl Spectrosc 2022; 76:173-183. [PMID: 34643131 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211053852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical spectroscopy is a powerful characterization tool with applications ranging from fundamental studies to real-time process monitoring. However, it can be difficult to apply to complex samples that contain interfering analytes which are common in processing streams. Multivariate (chemometric) analysis has been examined for providing selectivity and accuracy to the analysis of optical spectra and expanding its potential applications. Here we will discuss chemometric modeling with an in-depth comparison to more simplistic analysis approaches and outline how chemometric modeling works while exploring the limits on modeling accuracy. Understanding the limitations of the chemometric model can provide better analytical assessment regarding the accuracy and precision of the analytical result. This will be explored in the context of UV-Vis absorbance of neodymium (Nd3+) in the presence of interferents, erbium (Er3+) and copper (Cu2+) under conditions simulating the liquid-liquid extraction approach used to recycle plutonium (Pu) and uranium (U) in used nuclear fuel worldwide. The selected chemometric model, partial least squares regression, accurately quantifies Nd3+ with a low percentage error in the presence of interfering analytes and even under conditions that the training set does not describe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poki Tse
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Jenifer Shafer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Samuel A Bryan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Gilbert L Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Idaho, Caldwell, ID 83605, USA
| | - Amanda M Lines
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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Chu X, Cao Y. Silicon-hybrid carbon dots derived from rice husk: promising fluorescent probes for trivalent rare earth element ions in aqueous media. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04556c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As a novel fluorescence probe, Si–CDs could not only be applied to distinguish four groups of different rare earth element ions (REEs) but also exhibit a rapid and sensitive response towards individual Tb3+,Eu3+ and Dy3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Mishra N, Kumar K, Pandey H, Raj Anand S, Yadav R, Prakash Srivastava S, Pandey R. Synthesis, characterization, optical and anti-bacterial properties of benzothiazole Schiff bases and their lanthanide (III) complexes. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lackey H, Bottenus D, Liezers M, Shen S, Branch S, Katalenich J, Lines A. A versatile and low-cost chip-to-world interface: Enabling ICP-MS characterization of isotachophoretically separated lanthanides on a microfluidic device. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1137:11-18. [PMID: 33153594 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics offer novel and state-of-the-art pathways to process materials. Microfluidic systems drastically reduce timeframes and costs associated with traditional lab-scale efforts in the area of analytical sample preparations. The challenge arises in effectively connecting microfluidics to off-chip analysis tools to accurately characterize samples after treatment on-chip. Fabrication of a chip-to-world connection includes one end of a fused silica capillary interfaced to the outlet of a microfluidic device (MFD). The other end of the capillary is connected to a commercially available CEI-100 interface that passes samples into an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). This coupling creates an inexpensive and simple chip-to-world connection that enables on-chip and off-chip methods of analyzing the separation of rare earth elements. Specifically, this is demonstrated by utilizing isotachophoresis (ITP) on a microfluidic chip to separate up to 14 lanthanides from a homogenous sample into elementally pure bands. The separated analyte zones are successfully transferred across a 7 nL void volume at the microchip-capillary junction, such that separation resolution is maintained and even increased through the interface and into the ICP-MS, where the elemental composition of the sample is analyzed. Lanthanide samples of varying composition are detected using ICP-MS, demonstrating this versatile and cost-effective approach, which maintains the separation quality achieved on the MFD. This simple connection enables fast, low-cost sample preparation immediately prior to injection into an ICP-MS or other analytical instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Lackey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Danny Bottenus
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Martin Liezers
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Steve Shen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Shirmir Branch
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Jeff Katalenich
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Amanda Lines
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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Bottenus D, Branch S, Lackey H, Ivory C, Katalenich J, Clark S, Lines A. Design and optimization of a fused-silica microfluidic device for separation of trivalent lanthanides by isotachophoresis. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2531-2540. [PMID: 31206758 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Elemental analysis of rare earth elements is essential in a variety of fields including environmental monitoring and nuclear safeguards; however, current techniques are often labor intensive, time consuming, and/or costly to perform. The difficulty arises in preparing samples, which requires separating the chemically and physically similar lanthanides. However, by transitioning these separations to the microscale, the speed, cost, and simplicity of sample preparation can be drastically improved. Here, all fourteen non-radioactive lanthanides (lanthanum through lutetium minus promethium) are separated by ITP for the first time in a serpentine fused-silica microchannel (70 µm wide × 70 µm tall × 33 cm long) in <10 min at voltages ≤8 kV with limits of detection on the order of picomoles. This time includes the 2 min electrokinetic injection time at 2 kV to load sample into the microchannel. The final leading electrolyte consisted of 10 mM ammonium acetate, 7 mM α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the final terminating electrolyte consisted of 10 mM acetic acid, 7 mM α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, and 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone. Electrophoretic electrodes are embedded in the microchip reservoirs so that voltages can be quickly applied and switched during operation. The limits of detection are quantified using a commercial capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (C4 D) to calculate ITP zone lengths in combination with ITP theory. Optimization of experimental procedures and reproducibility based on statistical analysis of subsequent experimental results are addressed. Percent error values in band length and conductivity are ≤8.1 and 0.37%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Bottenus
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Shirmir Branch
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Hope Lackey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Cornelius Ivory
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jeff Katalenich
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Sue Clark
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Amanda Lines
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Garoz‐Ruiz
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n E-09001 Burgos Spain
| | | | - Aranzazu Heras
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n E-09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Alvaro Colina
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n E-09001 Burgos Spain
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Lines AM, Warner JD, Heineman WR, Clark SB, Bryan SA. Spectroelectrochemical Sensor for Spectroscopically Hard-to-detect Metals by in situ
Formation of a Luminescent Complex Using Ru(II) as a Model Compound. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Lines
- Energy and Environment Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
- Department of Chemistry; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99163
| | - Joshua D. Warner
- Energy and Environment Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | | | - Sue B. Clark
- Energy and Environment Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
- Department of Chemistry; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99163
| | - Samuel A. Bryan
- Energy and Environment Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
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Abstract
The integration of two quite different techniques, conventional electrochemistry and spectroscopy, into spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) provides a complete description of chemically driven electron transfer processes and redox events for different kinds of molecules and nanoparticles. SEC possesses interdisciplinary advantages and can further expand the scopes in the fields of analysis and other applications, emphasizing the hot issues of analytical chemistry, materials science, biophysics, chemical biology, and so on. Considering the past and future development of SEC, a review on the recent progress of SEC is presented and selected examples involving surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), near-infrared (NIR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), fluorescence, as well as other SEC are summarized to fully demonstrate these techniques. In addition, the optically transparent electrodes and SEC cell design, and the typical applications of SEC in mechanism study, electrochromic device fabrication, sensing and protein study are fully introduced. Finally, the key issues, future perspectives and trends in the development of SEC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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Lines AM, Adami SR, Casella AJ, Sinkov SI, Lumetta GJ, Bryan SA. Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry of the Pu (III/IV) and (IV/VI) Couples in Nitric Acid Systems. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Lines
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | - Susan R. Adami
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | - Amanda J. Casella
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | - Sergey I. Sinkov
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | - Gregg J. Lumetta
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | - Samuel A. Bryan
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
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