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Lin P, Zhu G, Xu X, Wang Z, Li X, Li B. Brain network analysis of working memory in schizophrenia based on multi graph attention network. Brain Res 2024; 1831:148816. [PMID: 38387716 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by significant deficits in working memory task. In order to explore the brain changes of SZ during a working memory task, we performed time-domain and time-frequency analysis of event related potentials (ERP) of SZ during a 0-back task. The P3 wave amplitude was found to be significantly lower in SZ patients than in healthy controls (HC) (p < 0.05). The power in the θ and α bands was significantly enhanced in the SZ group 200 ms after stimulation, while the θ band was significantly enhanced and the β band was weakened in the HC group. Furthermore, phase lag index (PLI) based brain functional connectivity maps showed differences in the connections between parietal and frontotemporal lobes between SZ and HC (p < 0.05). Due to the natural similarity between brain networks and graph data, and the fact that graph attention network can aggregate the features of adjacent nodes, it has more advantages in learning the features of brain regions. We propose a multi graph attention network model combined with adaptive initial residual (AIR) for SZ classification, which achieves an accuracy of 90.90 % and 78.57 % on an open dataset (Zenodo) and our 0-back dataset, respectively. Overall, the proposed methodology offers promising potential for understanding the brain functional connections of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; College of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Geng Zhu
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; College of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xiaoou Li
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; College of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Shanghai Yangpu Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Yangpu Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200093, China.
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Tesfaye E, Getnet M, Anmut Bitew D, Adugna DG, Maru L. Brain functional connectivity in hyperthyroid patients: systematic review. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1383355. [PMID: 38726033 PMCID: PMC11080614 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1383355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Functional connectivity (FC) is the correlation between brain regions' activities, studied through neuroimaging techniques like fMRI. It helps researchers understand brain function, organization, and dysfunction. Hyperthyroidism, characterized by high serum levels of free thyroxin and suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone, can lead to mood disturbance, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. Excessive thyroid hormone exposure can enhance neuronal death and decrease brain volume, affecting memory, attention, emotion, vision, and motor planning. Methods We conducted thorough searches across Google Scholar, PubMed, Hinari, and Science Direct to locate pertinent articles containing original data investigating FC measures in individuals diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Results The systematic review identified 762 articles, excluding duplicates and non-matching titles and abstracts. Four full-text articles were included in this review. In conclusion, a strong bilateral hippocampal connection in hyperthyroid individuals suggests a possible neurobiological influence on brain networks that may affect cognitive and emotional processing. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO, CRD42024516216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrem Tesfaye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Getnet
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Anmut Bitew
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dagnew Getnet Adugna
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemlemu Maru
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Zhang S, Cui H, Li Y, Chen X, Gao X, Guan C. Improving SSVEP-BCI Performance Through Repetitive Anodal tDCS-Based Neuromodulation: Insights From Fractal EEG and Brain Functional Connectivity. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2024; 32:1647-1656. [PMID: 38625770 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2024.3389051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
This study embarks on a comprehensive investigation of the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)-based neuromodulation in augmenting steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), alongside exploring pertinent electroencephalography (EEG) biomarkers for assessing brain states and evaluating tDCS efficacy. EEG data were garnered across three distinct task modes (eyes open, eyes closed, and SSVEP stimulation) and two neuromodulation patterns (sham-tDCS and anodal-tDCS). Brain arousal and brain functional connectivity were measured by extracting features of fractal EEG and information flow gain, respectively. Anodal-tDCS led to diminished offsets and enhanced information flow gains, indicating improvements in both brain arousal and brain information transmission capacity. Additionally, anodal-tDCS markedly enhanced SSVEP-BCIs performance as evidenced by increased amplitudes and accuracies, whereas sham-tDCS exhibited lesser efficacy. This study proffers invaluable insights into the application of neuromodulation methods for bolstering BCI performance, and concurrently authenticates two potent electrophysiological markers for multifaceted characterization of brain states.
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Huang KC, Tseng CY, Lin CT. EEG Information Transfer Changes in Different Daily Fatigue Levels During Drowsy Driving. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 5:180-190. [PMID: 38606398 PMCID: PMC11008798 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2024.3367496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant issue for traffic safety has been drowsy driving for decades. A number of studies have investigated the effects of acute fatigue on spectral power; and recent research has revealed that drowsy driving is associated with a variety of brain connections in a specific cortico-cortical pathway. In spite of this, it is still unclear how different brain regions are connected in drowsy driving at different levels of daily fatigue. This study identified the brain connectivity-behavior relationship among three different daily fatigue levels (low-, median- and high-fatigue) with the EEG data transfer entropy. According to the results, only low- and medium-fatigue groups demonstrated an inverted U-shaped change in connectivity from high performance to poor behavioral performance. In addition, from low- to high-fatigue groups, connectivity magnitude decreased in the frontal region and increased in the occipital region. These study results suggest that brain connectivity and driving behavior would be affected by different levels of daily fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chih Huang
- Brain Science and Technology Center, Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Tseng
- Brain Science and Technology CenterNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Chin-Teng Lin
- Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, Faculty of Engineering and ITUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2007Australia
- Brain Science and Technology Center, Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
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Guo D, Hu J, Wang D, Wang C, Yue S, Xu F, Zhang Y. Variation in brain connectivity during motor imagery and motor execution in stroke patients based on electroencephalography. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1330280. [PMID: 38370433 PMCID: PMC10869475 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1330280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the changes in connectivity between motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME) in the premotor area (PMA) and primary motor cortex (MA) of the brain, aiming to explore suitable forms of treatment and potential therapeutic targets. Methods Twenty-three inpatients with stroke were selected, and 21 right-handed healthy individuals were recruited. EEG signal during hand MI and ME (synergy and isolated movements) was recorded. Correlations between functional brain areas during MI and ME were compared. Results PMA and MA were significantly and positively correlated during hand MI in all participants. The power spectral density (PSD) values of PMA EEG signals were greater than those of MA during MI and ME in both groups. The functional connectivity correlation was higher in the stroke group than in healthy people during MI, especially during left-handed MI. During ME, functional connectivity correlation in the brain was more enhanced during synergy movements than during isolated movements. The regions with abnormal functional connectivity were in the 18th lead of the left PMA area. Conclusion Left-handed MI may be crucial in MI therapy, and the 18th lead may serve as a target for non-invasive neuromodulation to promote further recovery of limb function in patients with stroke. This may provide support for the EEG theory of neuromodulation therapy for hemiplegic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongju Guo
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinglu Hu
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dezheng Wang
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chongfeng Wang
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Shouwei Yue
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fangzhou Xu
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Chen H, Lei Y, Li R, Xia X, Cui N, Chen X, Liu J, Tang H, Zhou J, Huang Y, Tian Y, Wang X, Zhou J. Resting-state EEG dynamic functional connectivity distinguishes non-psychotic major depression, psychotic major depression and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-023-02395-3. [PMID: 38267620 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to identify dynamic patterns within the spatiotemporal feature space that are specific to nonpsychotic major depression (NPMD), psychotic major depression (PMD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). The study also evaluates the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms based on these network manifestations in differentiating individuals with NPMD, PMD, and SCZ. A total of 579 participants were recruited, including 152 patients with NPMD, 45 patients with PMD, 185 patients with SCZ, and 197 healthy controls (HCs). A dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) approach was employed to estimate the principal FC states within each diagnostic group. Incremental proportions of data (ranging from 10% to 100%) within each diagnostic group were used for variability testing. DFC metrics, such as proportion, mean duration, and transition number, were examined among the four diagnostic groups to identify disease-related neural activity patterns. These patterns were then used to train a two-layer classifier for the four groups (HC, NPMD, PMD, and SCZ). The four principal brain states (i.e., states 1,2,3, and 4) identified by the DFC approach were highly representative within and across diagnostic groups. Between-group comparisons revealed significant differences in network metrics of state 2 and state 3, within delta, theta, and gamma frequency bands, between healthy individuals and patients in each diagnostic group (p < 0.01, FDR corrected). Moreover, the identified key dynamic network metrics achieved an accuracy of 73.1 ± 2.8% in the four-way classification of HC, NPMD, PMD, and SCZ, outperforming the static functional connectivity (SFC) approach (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that the proposed DFC approach can identify dynamic network biomarkers at the single-subject level. These biomarkers have the potential to accurately differentiate individual subjects among various diagnostic groups of psychiatric disorders or healthy controls. This work may contribute to the development of a valuable EEG-based diagnostic tool with enhanced accuracy and assistive capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yanqin Lei
- TeleBrain Medical Technology Co., Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Rihui Li
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau S.A.R., 999078, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau S.A.R., 999078, China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- TeleBrain Medical Technology Co., Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Nanyi Cui
- TeleBrain Medical Technology Co., Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xianliang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huajia Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yusheng Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Olğun Y, Aksoy Poyraz C, Bozluolçay M, Poyraz BÇ. Quantitative EEG in the Differential Diagnosis of Dementia Subtypes. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2024:8919887241227410. [PMID: 38217438 DOI: 10.1177/08919887241227410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most neurodegenerative dementias present with substantial overlap in clinical features. Therefore, differential diagnosis is often a challenging task necessitating costly and sometimes invasive diagnostic procedures. A promising, non-invasive and cost-effective method is the widely available electroencephalography (EEG). METHODS Twenty-three subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 28 subjects with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 15 subjects with frontotemporal dementias (FTDs), and 22 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Nineteen channel computerized EEG recordings were acquired. Mean relative powers were calculated using the standard frequency bands. Theta/alpha ratio (TAR), theta/beta ratio (TBR), a spectral index of (alpha + beta)/(theta + delta) and an alpha reactivity index (alpha in eyes-open condition/alpha in eyes-closed condition) were also calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to assess diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS For the comparison of EEG measures across groups, we performed a multivariate ANOVA followed by univariate ANOVAs controlling for the effects of age, with post hoc tests. Theta power and TBR were increased in DLB compared to other groups. Alpha power was decreased in DLB compared to HC and FTD; and in AD compared to FTD. Beta power was decreased in DLB compared to AD and HC. Furthermore, regional analyses demonstrated a unique pattern of theta power increase in DLB; affecting frontal, central, parietal, occipital, and temporal regions. In AD, theta power increased compared to HC in parietal, occipital, and right temporal regions. TAR was increased in DLB compared to other groups; and in AD compared to HC. Finally, alpha reactivity index was higher in DLB compared to HC and FTD. In AD, EEG slowing was associated with cognitive impairment, while in DLB, this was associated with higher DLB characteristics. In the ROC analyses to distinguish DLB from FTD and AD, measures of EEG slowing yielded high area under curve values, with good specificities. Also, decreased alpha reactivity could distinguish DLB from FTD with good specificity. EEG slowing in DLB showed a diffuse pattern compared to AD, where a posterior and temporal slowing predominated. CONCLUSION We showed that EEG slowing was satisfactory in distinguishing DLB patients from AD and FTD patients. Notably, this slowing was a characteristic finding in DLB patients, even at early stages, while it paralleled disease progression in AD. Furthermore, EEG slowing in DLB showed a diffuse pattern compared to AD, where a posterior and temporal slowing predominated. These findings align with the previous evidence of the diencephalic dysfunction in DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşim Olğun
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cana Aksoy Poyraz
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melda Bozluolçay
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burç Çağrı Poyraz
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cao J, Yang L, Sarrigiannis PG, Blackburn D, Zhao Y. Dementia classification using a graph neural network on imaging of effective brain connectivity. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107701. [PMID: 37984205 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two of the most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases. The literature suggests that effective brain connectivity (EBC) has the potential to track differences between AD, PD and healthy controls (HC). However, how to effectively use EBC estimations for the research of disease diagnosis remains an open problem. To deal with complex brain networks, graph neural network (GNN) has been increasingly popular in very recent years and the effectiveness of combining EBC and GNN techniques has been unexplored in the field of dementia diagnosis. In this study, a novel directed structure learning GNN (DSL-GNN) was developed and performed on the imaging of EBC estimations and power spectrum density (PSD) features. In comparison to the previous studies on GNN, our proposed approach enhanced the functionality for processing directional information, which builds the basis for more efficiently performing GNN on EBC. Another contribution of this study is the creation of a new framework for applying univariate and multivariate features simultaneously in a classification task. The proposed framework and DSL-GNN are validated in four discrimination tasks and our approach exhibited the best performance, against the existing methods, with the highest accuracy of 94.0% (AD vs. HC), 94.2% (PD vs. HC), 97.4% (AD vs. PD) and 93.0% (AD vs. PD vs. HC). In a word, this research provides a robust analytical framework to deal with complex brain networks containing causal directional information and implies promising potential in the diagnosis of two of the most common neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lichao Yang
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | | | - Daniel Blackburn
- Department of Neurosciences, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
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Sanchez-Bornot J, Sotero RC, Kelso JAS, Şimşek Ö, Coyle D. Solving large-scale MEG/EEG source localisation and functional connectivity problems simultaneously using state-space models. Neuroimage 2024; 285:120458. [PMID: 37993002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
State-space models are widely employed across various research disciplines to study unobserved dynamics. Conventional estimation techniques, such as Kalman filtering and expectation maximisation, offer valuable insights but incur high computational costs in large-scale analyses. Sparse inverse covariance estimators can mitigate these costs, but at the expense of a trade-off between enforced sparsity and increased estimation bias, necessitating careful assessment in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) situations. To address these challenges, we propose a three-fold solution: (1) Introducing multiple penalised state-space (MPSS) models that leverage data-driven regularisation; (2) Developing novel algorithms derived from backpropagation, gradient descent, and alternating least squares to solve MPSS models; (3) Presenting a K-fold cross-validation extension for evaluating regularisation parameters. We validate this MPSS regularisation framework through lower and more complex simulations under varying SNR conditions, including a large-scale synthetic magneto- and electro-encephalography (MEG/EEG) data analysis. In addition, we apply MPSS models to concurrently solve brain source localisation and functional connectivity problems for real event-related MEG/EEG data, encompassing thousands of sources on the cortical surface. The proposed methodology overcomes the limitations of existing approaches, such as constraints to small-scale and region-of-interest analyses. Thus, it may enable a more accurate and detailed exploration of cognitive brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Sanchez-Bornot
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee campus, Derry∼Londonderry, United Kingdom.
| | - Roberto C Sotero
- Department of Radiology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J A Scott Kelso
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee campus, Derry∼Londonderry, United Kingdom; Human Brain & Behavior laboratory, Center for Complex Systems & Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Özgür Şimşek
- Bath Institute for the Augmented Human, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Damien Coyle
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee campus, Derry∼Londonderry, United Kingdom; Bath Institute for the Augmented Human, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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10
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Guo Y, Li Y, Wei HL, Zhao Y. Editorial: New theories, models, and AI methods of brain dynamics, brain decoding and neuromodulation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1302505. [PMID: 38156268 PMCID: PMC10754506 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1302505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Guo
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- BAIoT Brain-Computer Intelligence Joint Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Liang Wei
- Department of Automatic Control and System Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Centre for Life-Cycle Engineering and Management, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
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Huang HJ, Ferris DP. Non-invasive brain imaging to advance the understanding of human balance. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 28:100505. [PMID: 38250696 PMCID: PMC10795750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2023.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen J. Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Disability, Aging, and Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Biionix (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Daniel P. Ferris
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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12
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Wang L, Liang X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Fan Z, Sun T, Yu X, Wu D, Wang H. Cerebral dominance representation of directed connectivity within and between left-right hemispheres and frontal-posterior lobes in mild cognitive impairment. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11279-11286. [PMID: 37804252 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography can assess connectivity between brain hemispheres, potentially influencing cognitive functions. Much of the existing electroencephalography research primarily focuses on undirected connectivity, leaving uncertainties about directed connectivity alterations between left-right brain hemispheres or frontal-posterior lobes in mild cognitive impairment. We analyzed resting-state electroencephalography data from 34 mild cognitive impairment individuals and 23 normal controls using directed transfer function and graph theory for directed network analysis. Concerning the dominance within left-right hemispheres or frontal-posterior lobes, the mild cognitive impairment group exhibited decreased connectivity within the frontal compared with posterior brain regions in the delta and theta bands. Regarding the dominance between the brain hemispheres or lobes, the mild cognitive impairment group showed reduced connectivity from the posterior to the frontal regions versus the reverse direction in the same bands. Among all participants, the intra-lobe frontal-posterior dominance correlated positively with executive function in the delta and alpha bands. Inter-lobe dominance between frontal and posterior regions also positively correlated with executive function, attention, and language in the delta band. Additionally, interhemispheric dominance between the left and right hemispheres positively correlated with attention in delta and theta bands. These findings suggest altered cerebral dominance in mild cognitive impairment, potentially serving as electrophysiological markers for neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchun Wang
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University, Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xixi Liang
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University, Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University, Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zili Fan
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University, Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University, Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University, Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University, Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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13
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Tokimoto S, Tokimoto N. Time course of effective connectivity associated with perspective taking in utterance comprehension. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1179230. [PMID: 38021233 PMCID: PMC10658713 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1179230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study discusses the effective connectivity in the brain and its time course in realizing perspective taking in verbal communication through electroencephalogram (EEG) associated with the understanding of Japanese utterances. We manipulated perspective taking in a sentence with the Japanese subsidiary verbs -ageru and -kureru, which mean "to give". We measured the EEG during the auditory presentation of the sentences with a multichannel electroencephalograph, and the partial directed coherence and its temporal variations were analyzed using the source localization method to examine causal interactions between nineteen regions of interest in the brain. Three different processing stages were recognized on the basis of the connectivity hubs, direction of information flow, increase or decrease in flow, and temporal variation. We suggest that perspective taking in speech comprehension is realized by interactions between the mentalizing network, mirror neuron network, and executive control network. Furthermore, we found that individual differences in the sociality of typically developing adult speakers were systematically related to effective connectivity. In particular, attention switching was deeply concerned with perspective taking in real time, and the precuneus played a crucial role in implementing individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tokimoto
- Department of English Language Studies, Mejiro University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Tokimoto
- Department of Performing Arts, Shobi University, Saitama, Japan
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14
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Gil Ávila C, Bott FS, Tiemann L, Hohn VD, May ES, Nickel MM, Zebhauser PT, Gross J, Ploner M. DISCOVER-EEG: an open, fully automated EEG pipeline for biomarker discovery in clinical neuroscience. Sci Data 2023; 10:613. [PMID: 37696851 PMCID: PMC10495446 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarker discovery in neurological and psychiatric disorders critically depends on reproducible and transparent methods applied to large-scale datasets. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a promising tool for identifying biomarkers. However, recording, preprocessing, and analysis of EEG data is time-consuming and researcher-dependent. Therefore, we developed DISCOVER-EEG, an open and fully automated pipeline that enables easy and fast preprocessing, analysis, and visualization of resting state EEG data. Data in the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) standard are automatically preprocessed, and physiologically meaningful features of brain function (including oscillatory power, connectivity, and network characteristics) are extracted and visualized using two open-source and widely used Matlab toolboxes (EEGLAB and FieldTrip). We tested the pipeline in two large, openly available datasets containing EEG recordings of healthy participants and patients with a psychiatric condition. Additionally, we performed an exploratory analysis that could inspire the development of biomarkers for healthy aging. Thus, the DISCOVER-EEG pipeline facilitates the aggregation, reuse, and analysis of large EEG datasets, promoting open and reproducible research on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gil Ávila
- Department of Neurology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Felix S Bott
- Department of Neurology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Laura Tiemann
- Department of Neurology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Vanessa D Hohn
- Department of Neurology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Elisabeth S May
- Department of Neurology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Moritz M Nickel
- Department of Neurology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Paul Theo Zebhauser
- Department of Neurology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Ploner
- Department of Neurology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany.
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany.
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15
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Siviero I, Menegaz G, Storti SF. Functional Connectivity and Feature Fusion Enhance Multiclass Motor-Imagery Brain-Computer Interface Performance. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7520. [PMID: 37687976 PMCID: PMC10490741 DOI: 10.3390/s23177520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: in the field of motor-imagery brain-computer interfaces (MI-BCIs), obtaining discriminative features among multiple MI tasks poses a significant challenge. Typically, features are extracted from single electroencephalography (EEG) channels, neglecting their interconnections, which leads to limited results. To address this limitation, there has been growing interest in leveraging functional brain connectivity (FC) as a feature in MI-BCIs. However, the high inter- and intra-subject variability has so far limited its effectiveness in this domain. (2) Methods: we propose a novel signal processing framework that addresses this challenge. We extracted translation-invariant features (TIFs) obtained from a scattering convolution network (SCN) and brain connectivity features (BCFs). Through a feature fusion approach, we combined features extracted from selected channels and functional connectivity features, capitalizing on the strength of each component. Moreover, we employed a multiclass support vector machine (SVM) model to classify the extracted features. (3) Results: using a public dataset (IIa of the BCI Competition IV), we demonstrated that the feature fusion approach outperformed existing state-of-the-art methods. Notably, we found that the best results were achieved by merging TIFs with BCFs, rather than considering TIFs alone. (4) Conclusions: our proposed framework could be the key for improving the performance of a multiclass MI-BCI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Siviero
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Gloria Menegaz
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Silvia Francesca Storti
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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16
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Gorur K. Fourier Synchrosqueezing Transform-ICA-EMD Framework Based EOG-Biometric Sustainable and Continuous Authentication via Voluntary Eye Blinking Activities. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:378. [PMID: 37622983 PMCID: PMC10452148 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, limited works on EOG (electrooculography)-based biometric authentication systems have been carried out with eye movements or eye blinking activities in the current literature. EOGs have permanent and unique traits that can separate one individual from another. In this work, we have investigated FSST (Fourier Synchrosqueezing Transform)-ICA (Independent Component Analysis)-EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) robust framework-based EOG-biometric authentication (one-versus-others verification) performances using ensembled RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) deep models voluntary eye blinkings movements. FSST is implemented to provide accurate and dense temporal-spatial properties of EOGs on the state-of-the-art time-frequency matrix. ICA is a powerful statistical tool to decompose multiple recording electrodes. Finally, EMD is deployed to isolate EOG signals from the EEGs collected from the scalp. As our best knowledge, this is the first research attempt to explore the success of the FSST-ICA-EMD framework on EOG-biometric authentication generated via voluntary eye blinking activities in the limited EOG-related biometric literature. According to the promising results, improved and high recognition accuracies (ACC/Accuracy: ≥99.99% and AUC/Area under the Curve: 0.99) have been achieved in addition to the high TAR (true acceptance rate) scores (≥98%) and low FAR (false acceptance rate) scores (≤3.33%) in seven individuals. On the other hand, authentication and monitoring for online users/students are becoming essential and important tasks due to the increase of the digital world (e-learning, e-banking, or e-government systems) and the COVID-19 pandemic. Especially in order to ensure reliable access, a highly scalable and affordable approach for authenticating the examinee without cheating or monitoring high-data-size video streaming is required in e-learning platforms and online education strategies. Hence, this work may present an approach that offers a sustainable, continuous, and reliable EOG-biometric authentication of digital applications, including e-learning platforms for users/students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutlucan Gorur
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Bandırma Onyedi Eylul University, 10250 Balıkesir, Turkey
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17
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Chen D, Huang H, Bao X, Pan J, Li Y. An EEG-based attention recognition method: fusion of time domain, frequency domain, and non-linear dynamics features. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1194554. [PMID: 37502681 PMCID: PMC10368951 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1194554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Attention is a complex cognitive function of human brain that plays a vital role in our daily lives. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to measure and analyze attention due to its high temporal resolution. Although several attention recognition brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been proposed, there is a scarcity of studies with a sufficient number of subjects, valid paradigms, and reliable recognition analysis across subjects. Methods In this study, we proposed a novel attention paradigm and feature fusion method to extract features, which fused time domain features, frequency domain features and nonlinear dynamics features. We then constructed an attention recognition framework for 85 subjects. Results and discussion We achieved an intra-subject average classification accuracy of 85.05% ± 6.87% and an inter-subject average classification accuracy of 81.60% ± 9.93%, respectively. We further explored the neural patterns in attention recognition, where attention states showed less activation than non-attention states in the prefrontal and occipital areas in α, β and θ bands. The research explores, for the first time, the fusion of time domain features, frequency domain features and nonlinear dynamics features for attention recognition, providing a new understanding of attention recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Brain-Computer Interface, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Huang
- Research Center for Brain-Computer Interface, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- School of Software, South China Normal University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Bao
- School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Brain-Computer Interface, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Pan
- Research Center for Brain-Computer Interface, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- School of Software, South China Normal University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuanqing Li
- School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for Brain-Computer Interface, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Xu M, Qian L, Wang S, Cai H, Sun Y, Thakor N, Qi X, Sun Y. Brain network analysis reveals convergent and divergent aberrations between mild stroke patients with cortical and subcortical infarcts during cognitive task performing. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1193292. [PMID: 37484690 PMCID: PMC10358837 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1193292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although consistent evidence has revealed that cognitive impairment is a common sequela in patients with mild stroke, few studies have focused on it, nor the impact of lesion location on cognitive function. Evidence on the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of mild stroke and lesion location on cognitive function is limited. This prompted us to conduct a comprehensive and quantitative study of functional brain network properties in mild stroke patients with different lesion locations. Specifically, an empirical approach was introduced in the present work to explore the impact of mild stroke-induced cognitive alterations on functional brain network reorganization during cognitive tasks (i.e., visual and auditory oddball). Electroencephalogram functional connectivity was estimated from three groups (i.e., 40 patients with cortical infarctions, 48 patients with subcortical infarctions, and 50 healthy controls). Using graph theoretical analysis, we quantitatively investigated the topological reorganization of functional brain networks at both global and nodal levels. Results showed that both patient groups had significantly worse behavioral performance on both tasks, with significantly longer reaction times and reduced response accuracy. Furthermore, decreased global and local efficiency were found in both patient groups, indicating a mild stroke-related disruption in information processing efficiency that is independent of lesion location. Regarding the nodal level, both divergent and convergent node strength distribution patterns were revealed between both patient groups, implying that mild stroke with different lesion locations would lead to complex regional alterations during visual and auditory information processing, while certain robust cognitive processes were independent of lesion location. These findings provide some of the first quantitative insights into the complex neural mechanisms of mild stroke-induced cognitive impairment and extend our understanding of underlying alterations in cognition-related brain networks induced by different lesion locations, which may help to promote post-stroke management and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linze Qian
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sujie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaying Cai
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nitish Thakor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuchen Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Yen C, Lin CL, Chiang MC. Exploring the Frontiers of Neuroimaging: A Review of Recent Advances in Understanding Brain Functioning and Disorders. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1472. [PMID: 37511847 PMCID: PMC10381462 DOI: 10.3390/life13071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging has revolutionized our understanding of brain function and has become an essential tool for researchers studying neurological disorders. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) are two widely used neuroimaging techniques to review changes in brain activity. fMRI is a noninvasive technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed brain images. An EEG is a noninvasive technique that records the brain's electrical activity through electrodes placed on the scalp. This review overviews recent developments in noninvasive functional neuroimaging methods, including fMRI and EEG. Recent advances in fMRI technology, its application to studying brain function, and the impact of neuroimaging techniques on neuroscience research are discussed. Advances in EEG technology and its applications to analyzing brain function and neural oscillations are also highlighted. In addition, advanced courses in neuroimaging, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), are described, along with their role in studying brain connectivity, white matter tracts, and potential treatments for schizophrenia and chronic pain. Application. The review concludes by examining neuroimaging studies of neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). We also described the role of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in ASD, ADHD, AD, and PD. Neuroimaging techniques have significantly advanced our understanding of brain function and provided essential insights into neurological disorders. However, further research into noninvasive treatments such as EEG, MRI, and TES is necessary to continue to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiahui Yen
- Department of International Business, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Lin
- Department of International Business, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
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20
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Yeganegi H, Ondracek JM. Multi-channel recordings reveal age-related differences in the sleep of juvenile and adult zebra finches. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8607. [PMID: 37244927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their phylogenetic differences and distinct pallial structures, mammals and birds show similar electroencephalography (EEG) traces during sleep, consisting of distinct rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow wave sleep (SWS) stages. Studies in human and a limited number of other mammalian species show that this organization of sleep into interleaving stages undergoes radical changes during lifetime. Do these age-dependent variations in sleep patterns also occur in the avian brain? Does vocal learning have an effect on sleep patterns in birds? To answer these questions, we recorded multi-channel sleep EEG from juvenile and adult zebra finches for several nights. Whereas adults spent more time in SWS and REM sleep, juveniles spent more time in intermediate sleep (IS). The amount of IS was significantly larger in male juveniles engaged in vocal learning compared to female juveniles, which suggests that IS could be important for vocal learning. In addition, we observed that functional connectivity increased rapidly during maturation of young juveniles, and was stable or declined at older ages. Synchronous activity during sleep was larger for recording sites in the left hemisphere for both juveniles and adults, and generally intra-hemispheric synchrony was larger than inter-hemispheric synchrony during sleep. A graph theory analysis revealed that in adults, highly correlated EEG activity tended to be distributed across fewer networks that were spread across a wider area of the brain, whereas in juveniles, highly correlated EEG activity was distributed across more numerous, albeit smaller, networks in the brain. Overall, our results reveal that significant changes occur in the neural signatures of sleep during maturation in an avian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Yeganegi
- Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 4, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Janie M Ondracek
- Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 4, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
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21
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Tian Z, Hu B, Si Y, Wang Q. Automatic Seizure Detection and Prediction Based on Brain Connectivity Features and a CNNs Meet Transformers Classifier. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050820. [PMID: 37239292 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes repeated seizures. Since electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns differ in different states (inter-ictal, pre-ictal, and ictal), a seizure can be detected and predicted by extracting various features. However, the brain connectivity network, a two-dimensional feature, is rarely studied. We aim to investigate its effectiveness for seizure detection and prediction. (2) Methods: Two time-window lengths, five frequency bands, and five connectivity measures were used to extract image-like features, which were fed into a support vector machine for the subject-specific model (SSM) and a convolutional neural networks meet transformers (CMT) classifier for the subject-independent model (SIM) and cross-subject model (CSM). Finally, feature selection and efficiency analyses were conducted. (3) Results: The classification results on the CHB-MIT dataset showed that a long window indicated better performance. The best detection accuracies of SSM, SIM, and CSM were 100.00, 99.98, and 99.27%, respectively. The highest prediction accuracies were 99.72, 99.38, and 86.17%, respectively. In addition, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Phase Lock Value connectivity in the β and γ bands showed good performance and high efficiency. (4) Conclusions: The proposed brain connectivity features showed good reliability and practical value for automatic seizure detection and prediction, which expects to develop portable real-time monitoring equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bingliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yang Si
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
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22
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Chiarion G, Sparacino L, Antonacci Y, Faes L, Mesin L. Connectivity Analysis in EEG Data: A Tutorial Review of the State of the Art and Emerging Trends. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030372. [PMID: 36978763 PMCID: PMC10044923 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how different areas of the human brain communicate with each other is a crucial issue in neuroscience. The concepts of structural, functional and effective connectivity have been widely exploited to describe the human connectome, consisting of brain networks, their structural connections and functional interactions. Despite high-spatial-resolution imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) being widely used to map this complex network of multiple interactions, electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings claim high temporal resolution and are thus perfectly suitable to describe either spatially distributed and temporally dynamic patterns of neural activation and connectivity. In this work, we provide a technical account and a categorization of the most-used data-driven approaches to assess brain-functional connectivity, intended as the study of the statistical dependencies between the recorded EEG signals. Different pairwise and multivariate, as well as directed and non-directed connectivity metrics are discussed with a pros-cons approach, in the time, frequency, and information-theoretic domains. The establishment of conceptual and mathematical relationships between metrics from these three frameworks, and the discussion of novel methodological approaches, will allow the reader to go deep into the problem of inferring functional connectivity in complex networks. Furthermore, emerging trends for the description of extended forms of connectivity (e.g., high-order interactions) are also discussed, along with graph-theory tools exploring the topological properties of the network of connections provided by the proposed metrics. Applications to EEG data are reviewed. In addition, the importance of source localization, and the impacts of signal acquisition and pre-processing techniques (e.g., filtering, source localization, and artifact rejection) on the connectivity estimates are recognized and discussed. By going through this review, the reader could delve deeply into the entire process of EEG pre-processing and analysis for the study of brain functional connectivity and learning, thereby exploiting novel methodologies and approaches to the problem of inferring connectivity within complex networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Chiarion
- Mathematical Biology and Physiology, Department Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Sparacino
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Yuri Antonacci
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Faes
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Mesin
- Mathematical Biology and Physiology, Department Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
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23
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Allouch S, Kabbara A, Duprez J, Khalil M, Modolo J, Hassan M. Effect of channel density, inverse solutions and connectivity measures on EEG resting-state networks reconstruction: A simulation study. Neuroimage 2023; 271:120006. [PMID: 36914106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with the study of brain activity evoked by external stimuli, the past two decades witnessed an increased interest in characterizing the spontaneous brain activity occurring during resting conditions. The identification of connectivity patterns in this so-called "resting-state" has been the subject of a great number of electrophysiology-based studies, using the Electro/Magneto-Encephalography (EEG/MEG) source connectivity method. However, no consensus has been reached yet regarding a unified (if possible) analysis pipeline, and several involved parameters and methods require cautious tuning. This is particularly challenging when different analytical choices induce significant discrepancies in results and drawn conclusions, thereby hindering the reproducibility of neuroimaging research. Hence, our objective in this study was to shed light on the effect of analytical variability on outcome consistency by evaluating the implications of parameters involved in the EEG source connectivity analysis on the accuracy of resting-state networks (RSNs) reconstruction. We simulated, using neural mass models, EEG data corresponding to two RSNs, namely the default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attentional network (DAN). We investigated the impact of five channel densities (19, 32, 64, 128, 256), three inverse solutions (weighted minimum norm estimate (wMNE), exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA), and linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamforming) and four functional connectivity measures (phase-locking value (PLV), phase-lag index (PLI), and amplitude envelope correlation (AEC) with and without source leakage correction), on the correspondence between reconstructed and reference networks. We showed that, with different analytical choices related to the number of electrodes, source reconstruction algorithm, and functional connectivity measure, high variability is present in the results. More specifically, our results show that a higher number of EEG channels significantly increased the accuracy of the reconstructed networks. Additionally, our results showed significant variability in the performance of the tested inverse solutions and connectivity measures. Such methodological variability and absence of analysis standardization represent a critical issue for neuroimaging studies that should be prioritized. We believe that this work could be useful for the field of electrophysiology connectomics, by increasing awareness regarding the challenge of variability in methodological approaches and its implications on reported results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Allouch
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, Rennes F-35000, France; Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Tripoli, Lebanon.
| | - Aya Kabbara
- MINDIG, Rennes F-35000, France; LASeR - Lebanese Association for Scientific Research, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Joan Duprez
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Tripoli, Lebanon; CRSI research center, Faculty of Engineering, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Julien Modolo
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Mahmoud Hassan
- MINDIG, Rennes F-35000, France; School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Ghodousi M, Pousson JE, Bernhofs V, Griškova-Bulanova I. Assessment of Different Feature Extraction Methods for Discriminating Expressed Emotions during Music Performance towards BCMI Application. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2252. [PMID: 36850850 PMCID: PMC9967688 DOI: 10.3390/s23042252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A Brain-Computer Music Interface (BCMI) system may be designed to harness electroencephalography (EEG) signals for control over musical outputs in the context of emotionally expressive performance. To develop a real-time BCMI system, accurate and computationally efficient emotional biomarkers should first be identified. In the current study, we evaluated the ability of various features to discriminate between emotions expressed during music performance with the aim of developing a BCMI system. EEG data was recorded while subjects performed simple piano music with contrasting emotional cues and rated their success in communicating the intended emotion. Power spectra and connectivity features (Magnitude Square Coherence (MSC) and Granger Causality (GC)) were extracted from the signals. Two different approaches of feature selection were used to assess the contribution of neutral baselines in detection accuracies; 1- utilizing the baselines to normalize the features, 2- not taking them into account (non-normalized features). Finally, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been used to evaluate and compare the capability of various features for emotion detection. Best detection accuracies were obtained from the non-normalized MSC-based features equal to 85.57 ± 2.34, 84.93 ± 1.67, and 87.16 ± 0.55 for arousal, valence, and emotional conditions respectively, while the power-based features had the lowest accuracies. Both connectivity features show acceptable accuracy while requiring short processing time and thus are potential candidates for the development of a real-time BCMI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrad Ghodousi
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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How Functional Connectivity Measures Affect the Outcomes of Global Neuronal Network Characteristics in Patients with Schizophrenia Compared to Healthy Controls. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010138. [PMID: 36672119 PMCID: PMC9856389 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern computational solutions used in the reconstruction of the global neuronal network arrangement seem to be particularly valuable for research on neuronal disconnection in schizophrenia. However, the vast number of algorithms used in these analyses may be an uncontrolled source of result inconsistency. Our study aimed to verify to what extent the characteristics of the global network organization in schizophrenia depend on the inclusion of a given type of functional connectivity measure. Resting-state EEG recordings from schizophrenia patients and healthy controls were collected. Based on these data, two identical procedures of graph-theory-based network arrangements were computed twice using two different functional connectivity measures (phase lag index, PLI, and phase locking value, PLV). Two series of between-group comparisons regarding global network parameters calculated on the basis of PLI or PLV gave contradictory results. In many cases, the values of a given network index based on PLI were higher in the patients, and the results based on PLV were lower in the patients than in the controls. Additionally, selected network measures were significantly different within the patient group when calculated from PLI or PLV. Our analysis shows that the selection of FC measures significantly affects the parameters of graph-theory-based neuronal network organization and might be an important source of disagreement in network studies on schizophrenia.
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26
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Geng X, Fan X, Zhong Y, Casanova MF, Sokhadze EM, Li X, Kang J. Abnormalities of EEG Functional Connectivity and Effective Connectivity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010130. [PMID: 36672111 PMCID: PMC9857308 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that interferes with normal brain development. Brain connectivity may serve as a biomarker for ASD in this respect. This study enrolled a total of 179 children aged 3-10 years (90 typically developed (TD) and 89 with ASD). We used a weighted phase lag index and a directed transfer function to investigate the functional and effective connectivity in children with ASD and TD. Our findings indicated that patients with ASD had local hyper-connectivity of brain regions in functional connectivity and simultaneous significant decrease in effective connectivity across hemispheres. These connectivity abnormalities may help to find biomarkers of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Geng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiwang Fan
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Yiwen Zhong
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Manuel F. Casanova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 701 Grove Rd, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Estate M. Sokhadze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 701 Grove Rd, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Xiaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100859, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Jiannan Kang
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (J.K.)
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Sato Y, Nishimaru H, Matsumoto J, Setogawa T, Nishijo H. Electroencephalographic Effective Connectivity Analysis of the Neural Networks during Gesture and Speech Production Planning in Young Adults. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010100. [PMID: 36672081 PMCID: PMC9856316 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestures and speech, as linked communicative expressions, form an integrated system. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have suggested that neural networks for gesture and spoken word production share similar brain regions consisting of fronto-temporo-parietal brain regions. However, information flow within the neural network may dynamically change during the planning of two communicative expressions and also differ between them. To investigate dynamic information flow in the neural network during the planning of gesture and spoken word generation in this study, participants were presented with spatial images and were required to plan the generation of gestures or spoken words to represent the same spatial situations. The evoked potentials in response to spatial images were recorded to analyze the effective connectivity within the neural network. An independent component analysis of the evoked potentials indicated 12 clusters of independent components, the dipoles of which were located in the bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal brain regions and on the medial wall of the frontal and parietal lobes. Comparison of effective connectivity indicated that information flow from the right middle cingulate gyrus (MCG) to the left supplementary motor area (SMA) and from the left SMA to the left precentral area increased during gesture planning compared with that of word planning. Furthermore, information flow from the right MCG to the left superior frontal gyrus also increased during gesture planning compared with that of word planning. These results suggest that information flow to the brain regions for hand praxis is more strongly activated during gesture planning than during word planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sato
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Setogawa
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Wang Y, Yu N, Lu J, Zhang X, Wang J, Shu Z, Cheng Y, Zhu Z, Yu Y, Liu P, Han J, Wu J. Increased Effective Connectivity of the Left Parietal Lobe During Walking Tasks in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:165-178. [PMID: 36872789 PMCID: PMC10041419 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Parkinson's disease (PD), walking may depend on the activation of the cerebral cortex. Understanding the patterns of interaction between cortical regions during walking tasks is of great importance. OBJECTIVE This study investigated differences in the effective connectivity (EC) of the cerebral cortex during walking tasks in individuals with PD and healthy controls. METHODS We evaluated 30 individuals with PD (62.4±7.2 years) and 22 age-matched healthy controls (61.0±6.4 years). A mobile functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to record cerebral oxygenation signals in the left prefrontal cortex (LPFC), right prefrontal cortex (RPFC), left parietal lobe (LPL), and right parietal lobe (RPL) and analyze the EC of the cerebral cortex. A wireless movement monitor was used to measure the gait parameters. RESULTS Individuals with PD demonstrated a primary coupling direction from LPL to LPFC during walking tasks, whereas healthy controls did not demonstrate any main coupling direction. Compared with healthy controls, individuals with PD showed statistically significantly increased EC coupling strength from LPL to LPFC, from LPL to RPFC, and from LPL to RPL. Individuals with PD showed decreased gait speed and stride length and increased variability in speed and stride length. The EC coupling strength from LPL to RPFC negatively correlated with speed and positively correlated with speed variability in individuals with PD. CONCLUSION In individuals with PD, the left prefrontal cortex may be regulated by the left parietal lobe during walking. This may be the result of functional compensation in the left parietal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningbo Yu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiewei Lu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhilin Shu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianda Han
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jialing Wu
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China
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29
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Kang J, Li X, Casanova MF, Sokhadze EM, Geng X. Impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the directed connectivity of autism EEG signals: a pilot study. Med Biol Eng Comput 2022; 60:3655-3664. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sumsky S, Greenfield LJ. Network analysis of preictal iEEG reveals changes in network structure preceding seizure onset. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12526. [PMID: 35869236 PMCID: PMC9307526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures likely result from aberrant network activity and synchronization. Changes in brain network connectivity may underlie seizure onset. We used a novel method of rapid network model estimation from intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) data to characterize pre-ictal changes in network structure prior to seizure onset. We analyzed iEEG data from 20 patients from the iEEG.org database. Using 10 s epochs sliding by 1 s intervals, a multiple input, single output (MISO) state space model was estimated for each output channel and time point with all other channels as inputs, generating sequential directed network graphs of channel connectivity. These networks were assessed using degree and betweenness centrality. Both degree and betweenness increased at seizure onset zone (SOZ) channels 37.0 ± 2.8 s before seizure onset. Degree rose in all channels 8.2 ± 2.2 s prior to seizure onset, with increasing connections between the SOZ and surrounding channels. Interictal networks showed low and stable connectivity. A novel MISO model-based network estimation method identified changes in brain network structure just prior to seizure onset. Increased connectivity was initially isolated within the SOZ and spread to non-SOZ channels before electrographic seizure onset. Such models could help confirm localization of SOZ regions.
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31
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Chen G, Zhao Q. Granger-Causality-Based Multi-Frequency Band EEG Graph Feature Extraction and Fusion for Emotion Recognition. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121649. [PMID: 36552109 PMCID: PMC9776073 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Graph convolutional neural networks (GCN) have attracted much attention in the task of electroencephalogram (EEG) emotion recognition. However, most features of current GCNs do not take full advantage of the causal connection between the EEG signals in different frequency bands during the process of constructing the adjacency matrix. Based on the causal connectivity between the EEG channels obtained by Granger causality (GC) analysis, this paper proposes a multi-frequency band EEG graph feature extraction and fusion method for EEG emotion recognition. First, the original GC matrices between the EEG signals at each frequency band are calculated via GC analysis, and then they are adaptively converted to asymmetric binary GC matrices through an optimal threshold. Then, a kind of novel GC-based GCN feature (GC-GCN) is constructed by using differential entropy features and the binary GC matrices as the node values and adjacency matrices, respectively. Finally, on the basis of the GC-GCN features, a new multi-frequency band feature fusion method (GC-F-GCN) is proposed, which integrates the graph information of the EEG signals at different frequency bands for the same node. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed GC-F-GCN method achieves better recognition performance than the state-of-the-art GCN methods, for which average accuracies of 97.91%, 98.46%, and 98.15% were achieved for the arousal, valence, and arousal-valence classifications, respectively.
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32
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EEG Network Analysis in Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic–Clonic Seizures Alone. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111574. [DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many contradictory theories regarding epileptogenesis in idiopathic generalized epilepsy have been proposed. This study aims to define the network that takes part in the formation of the spike-wave discharges in patients with generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone (GTCSa) and elucidate the network characteristics. Furthermore, we intend to define the most influential brain areas and clarify the connectivity pattern among them. The data were collected from 23 patients with GTCSa utilizing low-density electroencephalogram (EEG). The source localization of generalized spike-wave discharges (GSWDs) was conducted using the Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) methodology. Cortical connectivity was calculated utilizing the imaginary part of coherence. The network characteristics were investigated through small-world propensity and the integrated value of influence (IVI). Source localization analysis estimated that most sources of GSWDs were in the superior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate. Graph theory analysis revealed that epileptic sources created a network that tended to be regularized during generalized spike-wave activity. The IVI analysis concluded that the most influential nodes were the left insular gyrus and the left inferior parietal gyrus at 3 and 4 Hz, respectively. In conclusion, some nodes acted mainly as generators of GSWDs and others as influential ones across the whole network.
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Zhao F, Gao T, Cao Z, Chen X, Mao Y, Mao N, Ren Y. Identifying depression disorder using multi-view high-order brain function network derived from electroencephalography signal. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:1046310. [PMID: 36387303 PMCID: PMC9647659 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.1046310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain function networks (BFN) are widely used in the diagnosis of electroencephalography (EEG)-based major depressive disorder (MDD). Typically, a BFN is constructed by calculating the functional connectivity (FC) between each pair of channels. However, it ignores high-order relationships (e.g., relationships among multiple channels), making it a low-order network. To address this issue, a novel classification framework, based on matrix variate normal distribution (MVND), is proposed in this study. The framework can simultaneously generate high-and low-order BFN and has a distinct mathematical interpretation. Specifically, the entire time series is first divided into multiple epochs. For each epoch, a BFN is constructed by calculating the phase lag index (PLI) between different EEG channels. The BFNs are then used as samples, maximizing the likelihood of MVND to simultaneously estimate its low-order BFN (Lo-BFN) and high-order BFN (Ho-BFN). In addition, to solve the problem of the excessively high dimensionality of Ho-BFN, Kronecker product decomposition is used for dimensionality reduction while retaining the original high-order information. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of Ho-BFN for MDD diagnosis in 24 patients and 24 normal controls. We further investigated the selected discriminative Lo-BFN and Ho-BFN features and revealed that those extracted from different networks can provide complementary information, which is beneficial for MDD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanyan Mao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
- College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Mao
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yande Ren
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Bel-Bahar TS, Khan AA, Shaik RB, Parvaz MA. A scoping review of electroencephalographic (EEG) markers for tracking neurophysiological changes and predicting outcomes in substance use disorder treatment. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:995534. [PMID: 36325430 PMCID: PMC9619053 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.995534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) constitute a growing global health crisis, yet many limitations and challenges exist in SUD treatment research, including the lack of objective brain-based markers for tracking treatment outcomes. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a neurophysiological technique for measuring brain activity, and although much is known about EEG activity in acute and chronic substance use, knowledge regarding EEG in relation to abstinence and treatment outcomes is sparse. We performed a scoping review of longitudinal and pre-post treatment EEG studies that explored putative changes in brain function associated with abstinence and/or treatment in individuals with SUD. Following PRISMA guidelines, we identified studies published between January 2000 and March 2022 from online databases. Search keywords included EEG, addictive substances (e.g., alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine), and treatment related terms (e.g., abstinence, relapse). Selected studies used EEG at least at one time point as a predictor of abstinence or other treatment-related outcomes; or examined pre- vs. post-SUD intervention (brain stimulation, pharmacological, behavioral) EEG effects. Studies were also rated on the risk of bias and quality using validated instruments. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. More consistent findings included lower oddball P3 and higher resting beta at baseline predicting negative outcomes, and abstinence-mediated longitudinal decrease in cue-elicited P3 amplitude and resting beta power. Other findings included abstinence or treatment-related changes in late positive potential (LPP) and N2 amplitudes, as well as in delta and theta power. Existing studies were heterogeneous and limited in terms of specific substances of interest, brief times for follow-ups, and inconsistent or sparse results. Encouragingly, in this limited but maturing literature, many studies demonstrated partial associations of EEG markers with abstinence, treatment outcomes, or pre-post treatment-effects. Studies were generally of good quality in terms of risk of bias. More EEG studies are warranted to better understand abstinence- or treatment-mediated neural changes or to predict SUD treatment outcomes. Future research can benefit from prospective large-sample cohorts and the use of standardized methods such as task batteries. EEG markers elucidating the temporal dynamics of changes in brain function related to abstinence and/or treatment may enable evidence-based planning for more effective and targeted treatments, potentially pre-empting relapse or minimizing negative lifespan effects of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik S. Bel-Bahar
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anam A. Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Riaz B. Shaik
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Muhammad A. Parvaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Cao J, Garro EM, Zhao Y. EEG/fNIRS Based Workload Classification Using Functional Brain Connectivity and Machine Learning. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22197623. [PMID: 36236725 PMCID: PMC9571712 DOI: 10.3390/s22197623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There is high demand for techniques to estimate human mental workload during some activities for productivity enhancement or accident prevention. Most studies focus on a single physiological sensing modality and use univariate methods to analyse multi-channel electroencephalography (EEG) data. This paper proposes a new framework that relies on the features of hybrid EEG-functional near-infrared spectroscopy (EEG-fNIRS), supported by machine-learning features to deal with multi-level mental workload classification. Furthermore, instead of the well-used univariate power spectral density (PSD) for EEG recording, we propose using bivariate functional brain connectivity (FBC) features in the time and frequency domains of three bands: delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz) and alpha (8-15 Hz). With the assistance of the fNIRS oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin (HbO and HbR) indicators, the FBC technique significantly improved classification performance at a 77% accuracy for 0-back vs. 2-back and 83% for 0-back vs. 3-back using a public dataset. Moreover, topographic and heat-map visualisation indicated that the distinguishing regions for EEG and fNIRS showed a difference among the 0-back, 2-back and 3-back test results. It was determined that the best region to assist the discrimination of the mental workload for EEG and fNIRS is different. Specifically, the posterior area performed the best for the posterior midline occipital (POz) EEG in the alpha band and fNIRS had superiority in the right frontal region (AF8).
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Chen G, Huang L, Sun Y. EEG emotion recognition based on cross-frequency granger causality feature extraction and fusion in the left and right hemispheres. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:974673. [PMID: 36161187 PMCID: PMC9491730 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.974673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
EEG emotion recognition based on Granger causality (GC) brain networks mainly focus on the EEG signal from the same-frequency bands, however, there are still some causality relationships between EEG signals in the cross-frequency bands. Considering the functional asymmetric of the left and right hemispheres to emotional response, this paper proposes an EEG emotion recognition scheme based on cross-frequency GC feature extraction and fusion in the left and right hemispheres. Firstly, we calculate the GC relationship of EEG signals according to the frequencies and hemispheres, and mainly focus on the causality of the cross-frequency EEG signals in left and right hemispheres. Then, to remove the redundant connections of the GC brain network, an adaptive two-stage decorrelation feature extraction scheme is proposed under the condition of maintaining the best emotion recognition performance. Finally, a multi-GC feature fusion scheme is designed to balance the recognition accuracy and feature number of each GC feature, which comprehensively considers the influence of the recognition accuracy and computational complexity. Experimental results on the DEAP emotion dataset show that the proposed scheme can achieve an average accuracy of 84.91% for four classifications, which improved the classification accuracy by up to 8.43% compared with that of the traditional same-frequency band GC features.
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Srivastava P, Fotiadis P, Parkes L, Bassett DS. The expanding horizons of network neuroscience: From description to prediction and control. Neuroimage 2022; 258:119250. [PMID: 35659996 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of network neuroscience has emerged as a natural framework for the study of the brain and has been increasingly applied across divergent problems in neuroscience. From a disciplinary perspective, network neuroscience originally emerged as a formal integration of graph theory (from mathematics) and neuroscience (from biology). This early integration afforded marked utility in describing the interconnected nature of neural units, both structurally and functionally, and underscored the relevance of that interconnection for cognition and behavior. But since its inception, the field has not remained static in its methodological composition. Instead, it has grown to use increasingly advanced graph-theoretic tools and to bring in several other disciplinary perspectives-including machine learning and systems engineering-that have proven complementary. In doing so, the problem space amenable to the discipline has expanded markedly. In this review, we discuss three distinct flavors of investigation in state-of-the-art network neuroscience: (i) descriptive network neuroscience, (ii) predictive network neuroscience, and (iii) a perturbative network neuroscience that draws on recent advances in network control theory. In considering each area, we provide a brief summary of the approaches, discuss the nature of the insights obtained, and highlight future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Srivastava
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Panagiotis Fotiadis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Linden Parkes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe NM 87501, USA.
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Qin Y, Hu Z, Chen Y, Liu J, Jiang L, Che Y, Han C. Directed Brain Network Analysis for Fatigue Driving Based on EEG Source Signals. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1093. [PMID: 36010760 PMCID: PMC9407608 DOI: 10.3390/e24081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue driving is one of the major factors that leads to traffic accidents. Long-term monotonous driving can easily cause a decrease in the driver's attention and vigilance, manifesting a fatigue effect. This paper proposes a means of revealing the effects of driving fatigue on the brain's information processing abilities, from the aspect of a directed brain network based on electroencephalogram (EEG) source signals. Based on current source density (CSD) data derived from EEG signals using source analysis, a directed brain network for fatigue driving was constructed by using a directed transfer function. As driving time increased, the average clustering coefficient as well as the average path length gradually increased; meanwhile, global efficiency gradually decreased for most rhythms, suggesting that deep driving fatigue enhances the brain's local information integration abilities while weakening its global abilities. Furthermore, causal flow analysis showed electrodes with significant differences between the awake state and the driving fatigue state, which were mainly distributed in several areas of the anterior and posterior regions, especially under the theta rhythm. It was also found that the ability of the anterior regions to receive information from the posterior regions became significantly worse in the driving fatigue state. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for revealing the underlying neural mechanisms of driving fatigue.
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Aspiotis V, Miltiadous A, Kalafatakis K, Tzimourta KD, Giannakeas N, Tsipouras MG, Peschos D, Glavas E, Tzallas AT. Assessing Electroencephalography as a Stress Indicator: A VR High-Altitude Scenario Monitored through EEG and ECG. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22155792. [PMID: 35957348 PMCID: PMC9371026 DOI: 10.3390/s22155792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, virtual reality (VR) has become an increasingly accessible commodity. Head-mounted display (HMD) immersive technologies allow researchers to simulate experimental scenarios that would be unfeasible or risky in real life. An example is extreme heights exposure simulations, which can be utilized in research on stress system mobilization. Until recently, electroencephalography (EEG)-related research was focused on mental stress prompted by social or mathematical challenges, with only a few studies employing HMD VR techniques to induce stress. In this study, we combine a state-of-the-art EEG wearable device and an electrocardiography (ECG) sensor with a VR headset to provoke stress in a high-altitude scenarios while monitoring EEG and ECG biomarkers in real time. A robust pipeline for signal clearing is implemented to preprocess the noise-infiltrated (due to movement) EEG data. Statistical and correlation analysis is employed to explore the relationship between these biomarkers with stress. The participant pool is divided into two groups based on their heart rate increase, where statistically important EEG biomarker differences emerged between them. Finally, the occipital-region band power changes and occipital asymmetry alterations were found to be associated with height-related stress and brain activation in beta and gamma bands, which correlates with the results of the self-reported Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Aspiotis
- Human Computer Interaction Laboratory (HCILab), Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi, 47100 Arta, Greece; (V.A.); (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.D.T.); (N.G.); (E.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Andreas Miltiadous
- Human Computer Interaction Laboratory (HCILab), Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi, 47100 Arta, Greece; (V.A.); (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.D.T.); (N.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Konstantinos Kalafatakis
- Human Computer Interaction Laboratory (HCILab), Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi, 47100 Arta, Greece; (V.A.); (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.D.T.); (N.G.); (E.G.)
- Institute of Health Science Education, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (Malta Campus), VCT 2520 Victoria, Malta
| | - Katerina D. Tzimourta
- Human Computer Interaction Laboratory (HCILab), Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi, 47100 Arta, Greece; (V.A.); (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.D.T.); (N.G.); (E.G.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Giannakeas
- Human Computer Interaction Laboratory (HCILab), Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi, 47100 Arta, Greece; (V.A.); (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.D.T.); (N.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Markos G. Tsipouras
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Euripidis Glavas
- Human Computer Interaction Laboratory (HCILab), Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi, 47100 Arta, Greece; (V.A.); (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.D.T.); (N.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Alexandros T. Tzallas
- Human Computer Interaction Laboratory (HCILab), Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi, 47100 Arta, Greece; (V.A.); (A.M.); (K.K.); (K.D.T.); (N.G.); (E.G.)
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Cao J, Zhao Y, Shan X, Blackburn D, Wei J, Erkoyuncu JA, Chen L, Sarrigiannis PG. Ultra-high-resolution time-frequency analysis of EEG to characterise brain functional connectivity with the application in Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35896105 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac84ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the potential of high-resolution brain functional connectivity based on electroencephalogram (EEG), a non-invasive low-cost technique, to be translated into a long-overdue biomarker and a diagnostic method for Alzheimer's disease (AD). APPROACH The paper proposes a novel ultra-high-resolution time-frequency nonlinear cross-spectrum method to construct a promising biomarker of AD pathophysiology. Specifically, using the peak frequency estimated from a Revised Hilbert-Huang Transformation cross-spectrum as a biomarker, the Support Vector Machine classifier is used to distinguish AD from healthy controls (HC). MAIN RESULTS With the combinations of the proposed biomarker and machine learning, we achieved a promising accuracy of 89%. The proposed method performs better than the wavelet cross-spectrum and other functional connectivity measures in the temporal or frequency domain, particularly in the Full, Delta and Alpha bands. Besides, a novel visualisation approach developed from topography is introduced to represent the brain functional connectivity, with which the difference between AD and HCs can be clearly displayed. The interconnections between posterior and other brain regions are obviously affected in AD. SIGNIFICANCE Those findings imply that the proposed RHHT approach could better track dynamic and nonlinear functional connectivity information, paving the way for the development of a novel diagnostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Cranfield University, Building 30, Cranfield, Bedford, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Cranfield University, Building 30, Cranfield, Bedford, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Xiaocai Shan
- Cranfield University, Building 30, Cranfield, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Daniel Blackburn
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 7HQ, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Jize Wei
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University University Learning Hub, Department of Applied Mathematics, Kowloon, HONG KONG
| | - John Ahmet Erkoyuncu
- Cranfield University, Building 30, Cranfield, Bedford, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Liangyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao street, Shenyang, 110004, CHINA
| | - Ptolemaios G Sarrigiannis
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, 1, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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Compensated Integrated Gradients for Reliable Explanation of Electroencephalogram Signal Classification. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070849. [PMID: 35884656 PMCID: PMC9313049 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated gradients (IG) method is widely used to evaluate the extent to which each input feature contributes to the classification using a deep learning model because it theoretically satisfies the desired properties to fairly attribute the contributions to the classification. However, this approach requires an appropriate baseline to do so. In this study, we propose a compensated IG method that does not require a baseline, which compensates the contributions calculated using the IG method at an arbitrary baseline by using an example of the Shapley sampling value. We prove that the proposed approach can compute the contributions to the classification results reliably if the processes of each input feature in a classifier are independent of one another and the parameterization of each process is identical, as in shared weights in convolutional neural networks. Using three datasets on electroencephalogram recordings, we experimentally demonstrate that the contributions obtained by the proposed compensated IG method are more reliable than those obtained using the original IG method and that its computational complexity is much lower than that of the Shapley sampling method.
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42
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Fouladi S, Safaei AA, Mammone N, Ghaderi F, Ebadi MJ. Efficient Deep Neural Networks for Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment from Scalp EEG Recordings. Cognit Comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12559-022-10033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Duszyk-Bogorodzka A, Zieleniewska M, Jankowiak-Siuda K. Brain Activity Characteristics of Patients With Disorders of Consciousness in the EEG Resting State Paradigm: A Review. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:654541. [PMID: 35720438 PMCID: PMC9198636 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.654541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of the level of consciousness in disorders of consciousness (DoC) is still one of the most challenging problems in contemporary medicine. Nevertheless, based on the multitude of studies conducted over the last 20 years on resting states based on electroencephalography (EEG) in DoC, it is possible to outline the brain activity profiles related to both patients without preserved consciousness and minimally conscious ones. In the case of patients without preserved consciousness, the dominance of low, mostly delta, frequency, and the marginalization of the higher frequencies were observed, both in terms of the global power of brain activity and in functional connectivity patterns. In turn, the minimally conscious patients revealed the opposite brain activity pattern—the characteristics of higher frequency bands were preserved both in global power and in functional long-distance connections. In this short review, we summarize the state of the art of EEG-based research in the resting state paradigm, in the context of providing potential support to the traditional clinical assessment of the level of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Duszyk-Bogorodzka
- Behavioural Neuroscience Lab, Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Anna Duszyk-Bogorodzka
| | | | - Kamila Jankowiak-Siuda
- Behavioural Neuroscience Lab, Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
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Yi C, Qiu Y, Chen W, Chen C, Wang Y, Li P, Yang L, Zhang X, Jiang L, Yao D, Li F, Xu P. Constructing Time-varying Directed EEG network by Multivariate Nonparametric Dynamical Granger Causality. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022; 30:1412-1421. [PMID: 35576427 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3175483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Time-varying directed electroencephalography (EEG) network is the potential tool for studying the dynamical causality among brain areas at a millisecond level; which conduces to understanding how our brain effectively adapts to information processing, giving inspiration to causality- and brain-inspired machine learning. Currently, its construction still mainly relies on the parametric approach such as multivariate adaptive autoregressive (MVAAR), represented by the most widely used adaptive directed transfer function (ADTF). Restricted by the model assumption, the corresponding performance largely depends on the MVAAR modeling which usually encounters difficulty in fitting complex spectral features. In this study, we proposed to construct EEG directed network with multivariate nonparametric dynamical Granger causality (mndGC) method that infers the causality of a network, instead, in a data-driven way directly and therefore avoids the trap in the model-dependent parametric approach. Comparisons between mndGC and ADTF were conducted both with simulation and real data application. Simulation study demonstrated the superiority of mndGC both in noise resistance and capturing the instantaneous directed network changes. When applying to the real motor imagery (MI) data set, distinguishable network characters between left- and right-hand MI during different MI stages were better revealed by mndGC. Our study extends the nonparametric causality exploration and provides practical suggestions for the time-varying directed EEG network analysis.
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Yang F, Jiang X, Yue F, Wang L, Boecker H, Han Y, Jiang J. Exploring dynamic functional connectivity alterations in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease: an exploratory study from SILCODE. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35147522 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac542d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exploring functional connectivity (FC) alterations is important for the understanding of underlying neuronal network alterations in subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The objective of this study was to prove that dynamic FC can better reflect the changes of brain function in individuals with SCD compared to static FC, and further to explore the association between FC alterations and amyloid pathology in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS 101 normal control (NC) subjects, 97 SCDs, and 55 cognitive impairment (CI) subjects constituted the whole-cohort. Of these, 29 NCs and 52 SCDs with amyloid images were selected as the sub-cohort. First, independent components (ICs) were identified by independent component analysis and static and dynamic FC were calculated by pairwise correlation coefficient between ICs. Second, FC alterations were identified through group comparison, and seed-based dynamic FC analysis was done. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the seed-based dynamic FC maps and measure the group or amyloid effects. Finally, correlation analysis was conducted between the altered dynamic FC and amyloid burden. RESULTS The results showed that 42 ICs were revealed. Significantly altered dynamic FC included those between the salience/ventral attention network, the default mode network, and the visual network. Specifically, the thalamus/caudate (IC 25) drove the hub role in the group differences. In the seed-based dynamic FC analysis, the dynamic FC between the thalamus/caudate and the middle temporal/frontal gyrus was observed to be higher in the SCD and CI groups. Moreover, a higher dynamic FC between the thalamus/caudate and visual cortex was observed in the amyloid positive group. Finally, the altered dynamic FC was associated with the amyloid global standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest SCD-related alterations could be more reflected by dynamic FC than static FC, and the alterations are associated with global SUVr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Shanghai University, Shangda Road, Baoshan district, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200444, CHINA
| | - Xueyan Jiang
- Hainan University, Meilan District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, Haikou, 570288, CHINA
| | - Feng Yue
- Hainan University, Meilan District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, Haikou, 570288, CHINA
| | - Luyao Wang
- Shanghai University, Shangda road, Baoshan district, shanghai, Shanghai, 200444, CHINA
| | - Henning Boecker
- University Hospital Bonn, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Group, Bonn, Germany, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 53127, GERMANY
| | - Ying Han
- Hainan University, Meilan District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, Haikou, 570288, CHINA
| | - Jiehui Jiang
- Shanghai University, Shangda road, Baoshan district, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200444, CHINA
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Sadaghiani S, Brookes MJ, Baillet S. Connectomics of human electrophysiology. Neuroimage 2021; 247:118788. [PMID: 34906715 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present both a scientific overview and conceptual positions concerning the challenges and assets of electrophysiological measurements in the search for the nature and functions of the human connectome. We discuss how the field has been inspired by findings and approaches from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and informed by a small number of significant multimodal empirical studies, which show that the canonical networks that are commonplace in fMRI are in fact rooted in electrophysiological processes. This review is also an opportunity to produce a brief, up-to-date critical survey of current data modalities and analytical methods available for deriving both static and dynamic connectomes from electrophysiology. We review hurdles that challenge the significance and impact of current electrophysiology connectome research. We then encourage the field to take a leap of faith and embrace the wealth of electrophysiological signals, despite their apparent, disconcerting complexity. Our position is that electrophysiology connectomics is poised to inform testable mechanistic models of information integration in hierarchical brain networks, constructed from observable oscillatory and aperiodic signal components and their polyrhythmic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Sadaghiani
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Malekzadeh A, Zare A, Yaghoobi M, Kobravi HR, Alizadehsani R. Epileptic Seizures Detection in EEG Signals Using Fusion Handcrafted and Deep Learning Features. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7710. [PMID: 34833780 PMCID: PMC8624422 DOI: 10.3390/s21227710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a brain disorder disease that affects people's quality of life. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are used to diagnose epileptic seizures. This paper provides a computer-aided diagnosis system (CADS) for the automatic diagnosis of epileptic seizures in EEG signals. The proposed method consists of three steps, including preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. In order to perform the simulations, the Bonn and Freiburg datasets are used. Firstly, we used a band-pass filter with 0.5-40 Hz cut-off frequency for removal artifacts of the EEG datasets. Tunable-Q Wavelet Transform (TQWT) is used for EEG signal decomposition. In the second step, various linear and nonlinear features are extracted from TQWT sub-bands. In this step, various statistical, frequency, and nonlinear features are extracted from the sub-bands. The nonlinear features used are based on fractal dimensions (FDs) and entropy theories. In the classification step, different approaches based on conventional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are discussed. In this step, a CNN-RNN-based DL method with the number of layers proposed is applied. The extracted features have been fed to the input of the proposed CNN-RNN model, and satisfactory results have been reported. In the classification step, the K-fold cross-validation with k = 10 is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CNN-RNN classification procedure. The results revealed that the proposed CNN-RNN method for Bonn and Freiburg datasets achieved an accuracy of 99.71% and 99.13%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Malekzadeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gonabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gonabad 6518115743, Iran;
| | - Assef Zare
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gonabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gonabad 6518115743, Iran;
| | - Mahdi Yaghoobi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 9187147578, Iran; (M.Y.); (H.-R.K.)
| | - Hamid-Reza Kobravi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 9187147578, Iran; (M.Y.); (H.-R.K.)
| | - Roohallah Alizadehsani
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia;
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