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Beltrán-Garrayo L, Larsen JK, Eisinga R, Vink JM, Blanco M, Graell M, Sepúlveda AR. Childhood obesity and adolescent follow-up depressive symptoms: exploring a moderated mediation model of body esteem and gender. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-023-02348-9. [PMID: 38326572 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for adolescent depressive symptoms, but mediating mechanisms of this association have scarcely been studied. This study is unique in examining an indirect pathway of this link via body esteem (BE) prospectively from childhood (8-12 years) to adolescence (13-18 years). In addition, potential gender moderation was examined. This study utilized data from a case-control study comparing 100 children with and without obesity matched on important confounders (age, gender, and socioeconomic status). Our findings provide support for the mediating role of BE in the link between childhood weight status and adolescent depressive symptoms at a 5-year follow-up. This mediation effect did not differ between boys and girls. The findings suggest the relevance of specifically targeting children's BE in preventive intervention programs among children with obesity to prevent future mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Beltrán-Garrayo
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Junilla K Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Eisinga
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Blanco
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Graell
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, University Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Sepúlveda
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Azem L, Al Alwani R, Lucas A, Alsaadi B, Njihia G, Bibi B, Alzubaidi M, Househ M. Social Media Use and Depression in Adolescents: A Scoping Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:475. [PMID: 37366727 DOI: 10.3390/bs13060475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to investigate the association between depression and social media use among adolescents. The study analyzed 43 papers using five databases to identify articles published from 2012 to August 2022. The results revealed a connection between social media use and depression, as well as other negative outcomes such as anxiety, poor sleep, low self-esteem, and social and appearance anxiety. Surveys were the most used study strategy, with multiple common scales applied to assess depression, social media use, and other factors such as self-esteem and sleep quality. Among the studies, eight reported that females who use social media showed higher depression symptoms than males. This scoping review provides an overview of the current literature on the relationship between social media use and depression among adolescents. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring social media use and providing support for individuals struggling with depression. However, more research is needed to better understand the factors contributing to this relationship and to develop more standardized assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layan Azem
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Rafaa Al Alwani
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Augusto Lucas
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Balqes Alsaadi
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Gilbert Njihia
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Bushra Bibi
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Mahmood Alzubaidi
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Mowafa Househ
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
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3
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Rojo M, Beltrán-Garrayo L, Del Blanco-Barredo MDC, Sepúlveda AR. Spanish validation of two social media appearance-related constructs associated with disordered eating in adolescents: The Appearance-related Social Media Consciousness scale (ASMC) and the Critical Thinking about Media Messages scale (CTMM). Body Image 2023; 45:401-413. [PMID: 37137258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Appearance-related constructs underlying social media are negatively associated with mental health. However, their impact on the Spanish population is still unexplored. The present study aimed to validate the Spanish versions of two appearance-related scales: (1) the appearance-related social media consciousness (ASMC) scale; and (2) the critical thinking about media messages (CTMM) scale. Translation and cultural adaptation of the scales were carried out. The scales' psychometric properties were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, measurement invariance across gender (boys vs. girls) and age groups (early adolescents vs. middle adolescents), internal consistency, and convergent validity. The sample included 803 Spanish secondary school adolescents aged between 12 and 18 (Mage = 15.1, 47.9% girls, 47.2% boys, 4.9% non-binary gender/others). The exploratory factor analyses replicated original one-factor structures of both scales, which was verified using confirmatory factor analysis. Regarding the ASMC Scale, a re-specified model (allowing for error correlations between Items 1-2) presented an adequate fit. Both models were invariant across gender and age groups. Excellent internal consistency was found. Bivariate correlations between the ASMC and eating disorders related variables (body esteem, disordered eating, self-esteem, sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, and general mental health) supported its convergent validity and proved ASMC to be a potential target for future preventive eating disorder interventions. However, the CTMM scale correlated only with sociocultural pressures, thus, further research is needed to assess the validity of the CTMM in Spanish samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rojo
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain.
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Manago AM, Walsh AS, Barsigian LL. The contributions of gender identification and gender ideologies to the purposes of social media use in adolescence. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1011951. [PMID: 36704673 PMCID: PMC9871900 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1011951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender differences in adolescent social media use are often documented in the research literature, yet few studies delve into why they occur. Accordingly, we investigated whether gender identification and gender ideologies are associated with five major purposes of social media use in adolescence (emotion and activity bonding with friends, social compensation, appearance validation, and bullying). Participants were 309 cisgender U.S. high school students (Mage = 15.74; 59% girls; 53% white) primarily using Instagram and Snapchat but also TikTok (more popular with girls) and Discord (more popular with boys) in 2019. Girls reported greater use of social media for emotion bonding, appearance validation, and social compensation compared to boys, who reported greater competitive activity bonding. Girls and boys did not differ in their use of social media for bullying. In linear regressions, masculinity ideology predicted purposes associated with girls (appearance validation, social compensation), as well as those associated with boys (competitive activity bonding), regardless of gender. Femininity ideology uniquely predicted emotion bonding and social compensation but only mediated the effect of gender for the latter. Findings illustrate that gender is important for understanding uses and gratifications of social media in adolescence, but traditional masculinity ideology is similar across genders and relates to multiple functions of social media in boys' and girls' lives. More work is needed to conceptualize gender beliefs and values in Gen Z, given recent challenges to gender binary ideology and low reliability of the scales in this study, which were developed before social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M. Manago
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
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Singhal P, Dhaliwal N, Dabas A, Yadav S. Optimizing Internet Use during Adolescence: eHealth Solutions. Ann Natl Acad Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractInternet offers an immense opportunity as a resource for education, training, and health promotion. This narrative review summarizes the opportunities for health promotion among adolescents through use of the Internet and technology (defined as eHealth). The details of technology and use of Internet for adolescent-health related topics such as nutrition, fitness, sexual health, adventure, and violence were searched through PubMed. The review reports few digital solutions to address key challenges during adolescence like promotion of nutrition and sexual reproductive health, prevention of noncommunicable diseases, substance abuse, and mental health issues. eHealth was concluded as a potential solution for preventive and promotional health practices during adolescence. However, concerns of Internet addiction, safety, privacy, mental health disorders, and misinformation need to be addressed and monitored during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paridhi Singhal
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Noor Dhaliwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Aashima Dabas
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Maheux AJ, Roberts SR, Nesi J, Widman L, Choukas-Bradley S. Psychometric properties and factor structure of the appearance-related social media consciousness scale among emerging adults. Body Image 2022; 43:63-74. [PMID: 36055008 PMCID: PMC10224750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Appearance-related social media consciousness (ASMC) is the persistent awareness of one's attractiveness on social media. The ASMC Scale, recently developed for use with adolescents (Choukas-Bradley et al., 2020), provides a promising tool for systematically examining ASMC and associations with mental health. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the ASMC Scale among emerging adult men and women. Participants for Study 1 were 428 emerging adults (M age = 21.9) from five Anglophone, industrialized countries (U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, New Zealand). Results from Study 1 provide evidence that the 13-item ASMC Scale has a unidimensional structure, strong internal consistency, measurement invariance across gender, and convergent validity (i.e., associations with related offline appearance concerns and cognitions) and incremental validity (i.e., associations with depressive symptoms and disordered eating, above and beyond time spent on social media). Participants from Study 2 were 296 U.S. college students (M age = 18.6). Results from Study 2 confirmed the factor structure and further demonstrated the convergent and incremental validity (above and beyond both time spent on social media and offline appearance concerns) of the ASMC Scale. Findings suggest that the ASMC Scale can be used among emerging adults, aiding future research investigating social media experiences and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Maheux
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 105 The Green, Newark, DE 19716, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 210 S. Bouquet St., Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.
| | - Savannah R Roberts
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 105 The Green, Newark, DE 19716, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 210 S. Bouquet St., Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | - Jacqueline Nesi
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 222 Richmond St., Providence, RI 02903, USA; Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St., Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Laura Widman
- North Carolina State University, Department of Psychology, Campus Box 7650, Raleigh, NC 27695-7650, USA
| | - Sophia Choukas-Bradley
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 105 The Green, Newark, DE 19716, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 210 S. Bouquet St., Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
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Choukas-Bradley S, Roberts SR, Maheux AJ, Nesi J. The Perfect Storm: A Developmental-Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls' Body Image Concerns and Mental Health. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2022; 25:681-701. [PMID: 35841501 PMCID: PMC9287711 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this theoretical review paper, we provide a developmental-sociocultural framework for the role of social media (SM) in adolescent girls' body image concerns, and in turn, depressive symptoms and disordered eating. We propose that the features of SM (e.g., idealized images of peers, quantifiable feedback) intersect with adolescent developmental factors (e.g., salience of peer relationships) and sociocultural gender socialization processes (e.g., societal over-emphasis on girls' and women's physical appearance) to create the "perfect storm" for exacerbating girls' body image concerns. We argue that, ultimately, body image concerns may be a key mechanism underlying associations between adolescent girls' SM use and mental health. In the context of proposing this framework, we provide empirical evidence for how SM may increase adolescent girls' body image concerns through heightening their focus on (1) other people's physical appearance (e.g., through exposure to idealized images of peers, celebrities, and SM influencers; quantifiable indicators of approval); and (2) their own appearance (e.g., through appearance-related SM consciousness; exposure to idealized self-images; encouraging over-valuing of appearance; and peer approval of photos/videos). Our framework highlights new avenues for future research on adolescent girls' SM use and mental health, which recognize the central role of body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Choukas-Bradley
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 3137 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet Street (Main office, 3rd floor), Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Savannah R Roberts
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Anne J Maheux
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Jacqueline Nesi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St., Suite 204, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Hawes MT, Scott DRA, Campbell MT, Webb DHJ. Adolescents’ online appearance preoccupation: A 5-year longitudinal study of the influence of peers, parents, beliefs, and disordered eating. Computers in Human Behavior 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Maftei A. How do social networks, controlling parenting, and interpersonal sensitivity contribute to adolescents' appearance anxiety? Curr Psychol. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hjetland GJ, Finserås TR, Sivertsen B, Colman I, Hella RT, Skogen JC. Focus on Self-Presentation on Social Media across Sociodemographic Variables, Lifestyles, and Personalities: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191711133. [PMID: 36078843 PMCID: PMC9518022 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Upward social comparison and aspects of self-presentation on social media such as feedback-seeking and strategic self-presentation may represent risk factors for experiencing negative mental health effects of social media use. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess how adolescents differ in upward social comparison and aspects of self-presentation on social media and whether these differences are linked to sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, or personality. The study was based on cross-sectional data from the "LifeOnSoMe" study performed in Bergen, Norway, including 2023 senior high school pupils (response rate 54%, mean age 17.4, 44% boys). Nine potentially relevant items were assessed using factor analysis, and latent class analysis was used to identify latent classes with distinct patterns of responses across seven retained items. The retained items converged into one factor, called "focus on self-presentation". We identified three groups of adolescents with a low, intermediate, and high focus on self-presentation. Associations between identified latent classes and covariates were assessed using regression analyses. Being a girl, higher extraversion, lower emotional stability, more frequent alcohol consumption, and having tried tobacco were associated with membership in the high-focus group. These results suggest some characteristics that are associated with a higher focus on self-presentation and that could inform targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnhild Johnsen Hjetland
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 5015 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Turi Reiten Finserås
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 5015 Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 5015 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, 5525 Haugesund, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473 Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi Træland Hella
- Department of Work, Section for Children, Families and Disabled, Social Services and Housing, 5014 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 5015 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473 Oslo, Norway
- Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
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