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Liu Y, Wang H, Wu L, Han J, Sui B, Meng L, Xu Y, Lu S, Wang H, Peng J. Intestinal changes associated with nitrite exposure in Bufo gargarizans larvae: Histological damage, immune response, and microbiota dysbiosis. Aquat Toxicol 2022; 249:106228. [PMID: 35751941 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is a ubiquitous toxic compound in aquatic ecosystems and has negative effects on aquatic organisms. The intestine and the trillions of microbes that inhabit it, play an integral role in maintaining digestive and immune functions. However, the effects of nitrite on intestinal health and microflora have been poorly investigated. Therefore, the present study evaluated the response of intestinal histology, immunity, digestive enzyme activities and microbiota to nitrite exposure in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles. The results showed that nitrite caused damage to the intestine and impaired digestive performance. Significant changes in the transcriptional profiles of genes involved in oxidative stress (sod, gpx and hsp), inflammation, and immunity (socs3, il-27, il-1β and il-17d) were observed in the NO2-N treatment groups. In addition, exposure to nitrite induced alterations of intestinal microbial diversity, structure and composition, suggesting that nitrite may lead to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. It is noteworthy that probiotics (e.g., Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria) were decreased after exposure to nitrite, whereas potentially opportunistic pathogens such as Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were elevated. Functional prediction and correlation analysis suggested that the above changes may interfere with metabolic function and trigger various diseases. Taken together, we concluded that nitrite exposure induced intestinal microbial dysbiosis, which may lead to immune dysfunction and metabolic disorder, and ultimately to histological damages in B. gargarizans. Further, this study will provide a scientific basis for further understanding the risk of nitrite pollution on the intestinal health of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Liu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hemei Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lifeng Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jian Han
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Baoying Sui
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingna Meng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yunxuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Siwen Lu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jufang Peng
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Kumari R, Sharma P, Sarma D, Siddaiah GM, Dubey MK, Mir IN, Srivastava PP. Ontogeny and development of the gastrointestinal system in Indian walking catfish (Clarias magur) during its early development. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:1033-1052. [PMID: 33987812 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ontogeny of the digestive tract and its accessory organs and their further development in the Indian walking catfish (Clarias magur) were examined in larvae, starting from the day of hatching until 35 days post-hatching (dph) reared at 28-29 °C. Many organs at their primordial stage were seen on the day of hatching. These include opened oral cavity with monolayered epithelial lining and very few newly emerging taste buds and goblet cells, primordial pharyngeal teeth on slightly stratified epithelia of the pharyngeal plate, stomach anlage with some degree of the mucosal fold, and a few newly forming gastric glands embedded under its mucosa, primordial anterior and posterior intestine with the smooth mucosal surface, anal opening, and primordial liver and pancreas. At 1 dph, the stomach appeared to be bilobed with the first evidence of food particle in it, and the intestine had some initial folding. On the day of hatching, goblet cells appeared in all lengths of the gut, but not densely, except in the stomach; on it, they appeared at 2 dph. Pancreatic zymogen granules also appeared on this day. Supranuclear vesicles first appeared on 4-5 dph (7.9 ± 0.5-8.6 ± 0.8 mm TL), and they continue to exist until 35 dph. The developmental sequence in this fish confirmed it as an altricial species with some major histomorphological events after the onset of feeding; these include-the appearance of fully developed-pharyngeal teeth at 4 dph and onwards, pyloric sphincter, anterior to posterior intestinal sphincter at 6 dph, and the continuous development of buccopharyngeal cavity and stomach in their shape, size, and functionality until the completion of metamorphosis. Overall, the information on gastrointestinal development in the early life stage of C. magur will be useful for understanding its larval digestive physiology, and this, in turn, will help in designing effective larval feed for growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Kumari
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India.
| | - Prakash Sharma
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (DCFR), Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Debajit Sarma
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (DCFR), Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - G M Siddaiah
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India
| | - Maneesh K Dubey
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (DCFR), Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Isfaq Nazir Mir
- Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - P P Srivastava
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
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Fang Y, Zong Q, He Z, Liu C, Wang YF. Knockdown of RpL36 in testes impairs spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2021; 336:417-430. [PMID: 33734578 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many ribosomal proteins (RPs) not only play essential roles in ribosome biogenesis, but also have "extraribosomal" functions in various cellular processes. RpL36 encodes ribosomal protein L36, a component of the 60S subunit of ribosomes in Drosophila melanogaster. We report here that RpL36 is required for spermatogenesis in D. melanogaster. After showing the evolutionary conservation of RpL36 sequences in animals, we revealed that the RpL36 expression level in fly testes was significantly higher than in ovaries. Knockdown RpL36 in fly testes resulted in a significantly decreased egg hatch rate when these males mated with wild-type females. Furthermore, 76.67% of the RpL36 knockdown fly testes were much smaller in comparison to controls. Immunofluorescence staining exhibited that in the RpL36 knockdown testis hub cell cluster was enlarged, while the number of germ cells, including germ stem cells, was reduced. Knockdown of RpL36 in fly testis caused much fewer or no mature sperms in seminal vesicles. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) signal was stronger in RpL36 knockdown fly testes than in the control testes, but the TUNEL-positive cells could not be stained by Vasa antibody, indicating that apoptotic cells are not germ cells. The percentage of pH3-positive cells among the Vasa-positive cells was significantly reduced. The expression of genes involved in cell death, cell cycle progression, and JAK/STAT signaling pathway was significantly changed by RpL36 knockdown in fly testes. These results suggest that RpL36 plays an important role in spermatogenesis, likely through JAK/STAT pathway, thus resulting in defects in cell-cycle progression and cell death in D. melanogaster testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Zong
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen He
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Liu R, Zhang Y, Gao J, Li X. Effects of octylphenol exposure on the lipid metabolism and microbiome of the intestinal tract of Rana chensinensis tadpole by RNAseq and 16s amplicon sequencing. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 197:110650. [PMID: 32315788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Octylphenol (OP) is a widely distributed endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), and can be commonly found in various and diverse environmental media. Previous studies have reported that OP exposure could cause many adverse effects on aquatic animals. However, knowledge concerning the impact of OP on lipid metabolism in amphibians was still limited. In our study, Rana chensinensis tadpoles were exposed to different OP concentrations (0, 10-8, 10-7 and 10-6 mol/L) from the Gosner stage (Gs) 25-38. The RNA-seq analysis of tadpole intestines was explored by RNA-seq, and six differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the fat digestion and absorption were validated by RT-qPCR. Moreover, we used 16s amplicon sequencing to evaluate effects of OP on intestinal microbiome in tadpoles, further determining the variations of lipid metabolism. Our results revealed that OP exposure influenced gene expression levels related to fat digestion and absorption and led to alteration of structure and composition of intestinal microbiome. At the phylum level, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was gradually decreased in OP exposure groups, which disrupted lipid metabolism. According to the results of intestinal microbial functional prediction, OP exposure interfered with metabolic function and increased risk of disease. These data provide us with powerful resources to assess the effects of OP on lipid metabolism by integrating RNAseq and 16s amplicon sequencing analysis of intestinal tract and intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jinshu Gao
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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