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Tejo AM, Hamasaki DT, Menezes LM, Ho YL. Severe dengue in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Med 2024; 4:16-33. [PMID: 38263966 PMCID: PMC10800775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Dengue fever is considered the most prolific vector-borne disease in the world, with its transmission rate increasing more than eight times in the last two decades. While most cases present mild to moderate symptoms, 5% of patients can develop severe disease. Although the mechanisms are yet not fully comprehended, immune-mediated activation leading to excessive cytokine expression is suggested as a cause of the two main findings in critical patients: increased vascular permeability that may shock and thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy that can induce hemorrhage. The risk factors of severe disease include previous infection by a different serotype, specific genotypes associated with more efficient replication, certain genetic polymorphisms, and comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The World Health Organization recommends careful monitoring and prompt hospitalization of patients with warning signs or propensity for severe disease to reduce mortality. This review aims to update the diagnosis and management of patients with severe dengue in the intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mestre Tejo
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Intensive Medicine of the Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Toshie Hamasaki
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Mattos Menezes
- Intensive Care Unit of Infectious Disease Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yeh-Li Ho
- Intensive Care Unit of Infectious Disease Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Malavige GN, Sjö P, Singh K, Piedagnel JM, Mowbray C, Estani S, Lim SCL, Siquierra AM, Ogg GS, Fraisse L, Ribeiro I. Facing the escalating burden of dengue: Challenges and perspectives. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0002598. [PMID: 38100392 PMCID: PMC10723676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the most rapidly emerging mosquito-borne infection and, due to climate change and unplanned urbanization, it is predicted that the global burden of dengue will rise further as the infection spreads to new geographical locations. Dengue-endemic countries are often unable to cope with such increases, with health care facilities becoming overwhelmed during each dengue season. Furthermore, although dengue has been predominantly a childhood illness in the past, it currently mostly affects adults in many countries, with higher incidence of severe disease and mortality rates in pregnant women and in those with comorbidities. As there is currently no specific treatment for dengue and no early biomarker to identify those who will progress to develop vascular leakage, all individuals with dengue are closely monitored in case they need fluid management. Furthermore, diagnosing patients with acute dengue is challenging due to the similarity of clinical symptoms during early illness and poor sensitivity and specificity of point-of-care diagnostic tests. Novel vector control methods, such as the release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, have shown promising results by reducing vector density and dengue incidence in clinical trial settings. A new dengue vaccine, TAK-003, had an efficacy of 61.2% against virologically confirmed dengue, 84.1% efficacy against hospitalizations and a 70% efficacy against development of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) at 54 months. While vaccines and mosquito control methods are welcome, they alone are unlikely to fully reduce the burden of dengue, and a treatment for dengue is therefore essential. Several novel antiviral drugs are currently being evaluated along with drugs that inhibit host mediators, such as mast cell products. Although viral proteins such as NS1 contribute to the vascular leak observed in severe dengue, the host immune response to the viral infection also plays a significant role in progression to severe disease. There is an urgent need to discover safe and effective treatments for dengue to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Sjö
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kavita Singh
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Charles Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Estani
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Graham S. Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Fraisse
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabela Ribeiro
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
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Lu HZ, Sui Y, Lobo NF, Fouque F, Gao C, Lu S, Lv S, Deng SQ, Wang DQ. Challenge and opportunity for vector control strategies on key mosquito-borne diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1207293. [PMID: 37554733 PMCID: PMC10405932 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1207293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are major global health problems that threaten nearly half of the world's population. Conflicting resources and infrastructure required by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic have resulted in the vector control process being more demanding than ever. Although novel vector control paradigms may have been more applicable and efficacious in these challenging settings, there were virtually no reports of novel strategies being developed or implemented during COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted the implementation of conventional mosquito vector measures. Varying degrees of disruptions in malaria control and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spray (IRS) distributions worldwide from 2020 to 2021 were reported. Control measures such as mosquito net distribution and community education were significantly reduced in sub-Saharan countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportunity for innovative vector control technologies currently being developed. Releasing sterile or lethal gene-carrying male mosquitoes and novel biopesticides may have advantages that are not matched by traditional vector measures in the current context. Here, we review the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on current vector control measures from 2020 to 2021 and discuss the future direction of vector control, taking into account probable evolving conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zheng Lu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, the Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Sui
- Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Neil F. Lobo
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Florence Fouque
- Research for Implementation Unit, The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chen Gao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shenning Lu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Lv
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Qun Deng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, the Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Duo-Quan Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Roster KO. Data-rich modeling helps answer increasingly complex questions on variant and disease interactions: Comment on "Mathematical models for dengue fever epidemiology: A 10-year systematic review" by Aguiar et al. Phys Life Rev 2023; 44:197-200. [PMID: 36773393 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Roster KO, Martinelli T, Connaughton C, Santillana M, Rodrigues FA. Estimating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dengue in Brazil. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2548491. [PMID: 36798282 PMCID: PMC9934738 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2548491/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Atypical dengue prevalence was observed in 2020 in many dengue-endemic countries, including Brazil. Evidence suggests that the pandemic disrupted not only dengue dynamics due to changes in mobility patterns, but also several aspects of dengue surveillance, such as care seeking behavior, care availability, and monitoring systems. However, we lack a clear understanding of the overall impact on dengue in different parts of the country as well as the role of individual causal drivers. In this study, we estimated the gap between expected and observed dengue cases in 2020 using an interrupted time series design with forecasts from a neural network and a structural Bayesian time series model. We also decomposed the gap into the impacts of climate conditions, pandemic-induced changes in reporting, human susceptibility, and human mobility. We find that there is considerable variation across the country in both overall pandemic impact on dengue and the relative importance of individual drivers. Increased understanding of the causal mechanisms driving the 2020 dengue season helps mitigate some of the data gaps caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and is critical to developing effective public health interventions to control dengue in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. O. Roster
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - T. Martinelli
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - C. Connaughton
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- London Mathematical Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Santillana
- Machine Intelligence Group for the Betterment of Health and the Environment, Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F. A. Rodrigues
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Ong SQ, Nair G, Yusof UK, Ahmad H. Community-based mosquito surveillance: an automatic mosquito-on-human-skin recognition system with a deep learning algorithm. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:4092-4104. [PMID: 35650172 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public community engagement is crucial for mosquito surveillance programs. To support community participation, one of the approaches is assisting the public in recognizing the mosquitoes that carry pathogens. Therefore, this study aims to build an automatic recognition system to identify mosquitos at the public community level. We construct a customized image dataset consisting of three mosquito species in either damaged or un-damaged body conditions. To distinguish the mosquito in harsh conditions, we explore two state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) architectures: (i) a freezing convolutional base, with partial trainable weights, and (ii) training the entire model with most of the trainable weights. We project a weighted feature map on different layers of the model to visualize the morphological region used by the model in classification and compared it with the morphological key used by the expert. RESULT It was found that the model with architecture two and the Adam optimizer achieves at least 98% accuracy in mosquito and conditions identification and when implemented on an independent dataset, the Xception model generalizes the best result with an accuracy of 0.7775 and 0.795 precision. Moreover, most of the morphological regions used by the model are able to match those of the human expert. CONCLUSION We report a customized DL model for performing pest mosquito taxonomy identification, and through visualization, some regions using computers to discriminate mosquito species could be adopted later in systematic identification. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Quan Ong
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Gomesh Nair
- UOW Malaysia KDU Penang University College, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Umi Kalsom Yusof
- School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hamdan Ahmad
- Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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de Almeida IF, Lana RM, Codeço CT. How heterogeneous is the dengue transmission profile in Brazil? A study in six Brazilian states. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010746. [PMID: 36095004 PMCID: PMC9499305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a vector-borne disease present in most tropical countries, infecting an average of 50 to 100 million people per year. Socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental factors directly influence the transmission cycle of the dengue virus (DENV). In Brazil, these factors vary between regions producing different profiles of dengue transmission and challenging the epidemiological surveillance of the disease. In this article, we aimed at classifying the profiles of dengue transmission in 1,823 Brazilian municipalities, covering different climates, from 2010 to 2019. Time series data of dengue cases were obtained from six states: Ceará and Maranhão in the semiarid Northeast, Minas Gerais in the countryside, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro in the tropical Atlantic coast, and Paraná in the subtropical region. To describe the time series, we proposed a set of epi-features of the magnitude and duration of the dengue epidemic cycles, totaling 13 indicators. Using these epi-features as inputs, a multivariate cluster algorithm was employed to classify the municipalities according to their dengue transmission profile. Municipalities were classified into four distinct dengue transmission profiles: persistent transmission (7.8%), epidemic (21.3%), episodic/epidemic (43.2%), and episodic transmission (27.6%). Different profiles were associated with the municipality’s population size and climate. Municipalities with higher incidence and larger populations tended to be classified as persistent transmission, suggesting the existence of critical community size. This association, however, varies depending on the state, indicating the importance of other factors. The proposed classification is useful for developing more specific and precise surveillance protocols for regions with different dengue transmission profiles, as well as more precise public policies for dengue prevention. Dengue is one of the fastest-growing vector-borne diseases in the world. Currently, vaccines are experimental and are not very effective, so prevention depends on the control of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Health promotion campaigns aimed at encouraging people to reduce mosquito breeding sites have limited effect. In addition, the heterogeneity of the territories that have dengue becomes a major challenge for the epidemiological surveillance of the disease. Brazil has a territory of continental size, and single standardized surveillance is not very effective for monitoring this arbovirus. Classifying types of dengue dynamics based on features of the epidemiological cycle in each location has the potential to increase the precision of surveillance and control strategies. In our study, we were able to classify areas according to different dengue transmission profiles, ranging from episodic to persistent transmission. These results can provide tools to guide actions aimed at achieving the World Health Organization’s goals of eliminating neglected tropical diseases in countries that have the virus.
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Junior JBS, Massad E, Lobao-Neto A, Kastner R, Oliver L, Gallagher E. Epidemiology and costs of dengue in Brazil: a systematic literature review. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:521-528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Silva T, Gomes L, Jeewandara C, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Dengue NS1 induces phospholipase A 2 enzyme activity, prostaglandins, and inflammatory cytokines in monocytes. Antiviral Res 2022; 202:105312. [PMID: 35395274 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue virus (DENV) NS1 is a non-structural secretory protein associated with severe disease and known to cause vascular leak leading to dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). As phospholipases A2 (PLA2) enzymes, platelet activating factor, and leukotrienes are elevated in dengue, we sought to investigate whether NS1 potentially contributes to disease pathogenesis by inducing PLA2s. METHODS THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes of healthy adults (n = 6) were co-cultured with DENV1 NS1, LPS and media alone. The latter two were used as positive and negative controls. The cell culture supernatants and lysates were harvested at 12 and 24 h and the activity of secretory and cytoplasmic PLA2, prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGD2) were measured by ELISA and cytokines levels were measured using a magnetic Luminex assay. Expression of PLA2G4A, PLA2G2A, PLA2G5, PLA2G10, PLA2G7, GAPDH, NLRP3 and DDX58 genes were assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS cPLA2 (p = 0.005), sPLA2 (p = 0.04), PGE2 metabolite (p = 0.02) and PGD2 metabolite (p = 0.04) levels were significantly higher at 12 h in monocytes co-cultured with NS1. Levels of IP-10 (p = 0.005) and IL-10 (p = 0.009) was significantly higher at 24 h, whereas IFNα level was significantly higher (p = 0.013) only at 12 h. IL-1β (p = 0.028 and p = 0.031) and TNFα (p = 0.007 and p = 0.011) showed significantly higher levels at both time points. At 12 h significant upregulation of PLA2G4A (p < 0.0001) was seen, whereas PLA2G7 (p = <0.0001), NLRP3 (p = 0.0009) and DDX58 (p = 0.0056) were significantly downregulated. This pattern changed at 24 h with PLA2G4A (p = 0.0069) showing a marked downregulation and PLA2G7, DDX58 and NLRP3 showing an upregulation, although not significant. CONCLUSION Dengue NS1 induces the production of PLA2 enzymes, prostaglandins and inflammatory cytokines from primary human monocytes, which could play a role in vascular leak in dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehani Silva
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Rathmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Laksiri Gomes
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Chandima Jeewandara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Graham S Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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Hasan MM, Hernández-Yépez PJ, de los Angeles Rivera-Cabrera M, Sarkar A, dos Santos Costa AC, Essar MY. Concurrent epidemics of dengue and COVID-19 in Peru: Which way forward? Lancet Reg Health Am 2022; 12:100277. [PMID: 36776431 PMCID: PMC9903762 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Red-Green Research Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Anusua Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ana Carla dos Santos Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil,Corresponding author at: Faculty of Medicine, Federal, University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon, S/N - Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil.
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Islam Z, Mohanan P, Bilal W, Hashmi T, Rahmat Z, Abdi I, Riaz MMA, Essar MY. Dengue Virus Cases Surge Amidst COVID-19 in Pakistan: Challenges, Efforts and Recommendations. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:367-371. [PMID: 35140482 PMCID: PMC8819273 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s347571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pakistan is currently facing two outbreaks, dengue and COVID-19; both have strained its healthcare system resulting in multiple concerns including the co-diagnosis of two. Due to poor healthcare capacity, low vaccination rate, increasing COVID-19 variants, socioeconomic disparities, and misinformation, it is inevitable that implications will prove to be damaging to both healthcare workers and civilians. Among these challenges, it is important to note the need for stronger epidemiological surveillance for both COVID-19 and dengue and the implementation of public health measures without endangering sources of livelihood. To sustain this, cooperation between WHO and Pakistan’s government must continue through smart lockdowns, dengue awareness campaigns, and double laboratory procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarmina Islam
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Wajeeha Bilal
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Taleen Hashmi
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Rahmat
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ikran Abdi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammad Yasir Essar
- Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan
- Correspondence: Mohammad Yasir Essar, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan, Tel +992 117118300, Email
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Nnaji ND, Onyeaka H, Reuben RC, Uwishema O, Olovo CV, Anyogu A. The deuce-ace of Lassa Fever, Ebola virus disease and COVID-19 simultaneous infections and epidemics in West Africa: clinical and public health implications. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:102. [PMID: 34965891 PMCID: PMC8716304 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented clinical and public health concerns with increasing morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the burden of COVID-19 in Africa has been further exacerbated by the simultaneous epidemics of Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Lassa Fever (LF) which has created a huge burden on African healthcare systems. As Africa struggles to contain the spread of the second (and third) waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of reported cases of LF is also increasing, and recently, new outbreaks of EVD. Before the pandemic, many of Africa's frail healthcare systems were already overburdened due to resource limitations in staffing and infrastructure, and also, multiple endemic tropical diseases. However, the shared epidemiological and pathophysiological features of COVID-19, EVD and LF as well their simultaneous occurrence in Africa may result in misdiagnosis at the onset of infection, an increased possibility of co-infection, and rapid and silent community spread of the virus(es). Other challenges include high population mobility across porous borders, risk of human-to-animal transmission and reverse zoonotic spread, and other public health concerns. This review highlights some major clinical and public health challenges toward responses to the COVID-19 pandemic amidst the deuce-ace of recurrent LF and EVD epidemics in Africa. Applying the One Health approach in infectious disease surveillance and preparedness is essential in mitigating emerging and re-emerging (co-)epidemics in Africa and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Rine Christopher Reuben
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olivier Uwishema
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Clinton Global Initiative University, New York, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Chinasa Valerie Olovo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Amarachukwu Anyogu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, London, W5 5RF UK
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Bassey EE, Hasan MM, Costa ACDS, Tsagkaris C, Aborode AT, Karra-Aly A, Essar MY, Ahmad S. Typhoid fever and COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria: a call for coordinated action. Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2021; 19:eCE6796. [PMID: 34932777 PMCID: PMC8687648 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2021ce6796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, BD, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Ayah Karra-Aly
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, CA, Canada
| | | | - Shoaib Ahmad
- Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, PK, Pakistan
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14
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Basheer A, Rahman N, George E, Murali M. Dengue Versus Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome – When the Grey Zone Gets Thinner. Cureus 2021; 13:e20276. [PMID: 35028195 PMCID: PMC8747995 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the decline in COVID-19 cases, the potential threat of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) - a hyperinflammatory response following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection - looms large. Although initially described in children, it is being increasingly reported in adults. In dengue endemic regions, MIS is likely to cause diagnostic dilemma with dengue due to overlapping clinical and laboratory features. We describe a young male with fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, a transient rash, thrombocytopenia, and positive dengue NS1 antigen test. Early onset of thrombocytopenia, significant gastrointestinal symptoms and protracted fever were atypical, raising suspicion of MIS-A in view of a recovery from a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, absence of neurologic and cardiac manifestations, stable hemodynamics, absence of mucosal involvement and negative inflammatory markers helped in managing the patient conservatively as dengue. This case highlights diagnostic challenges faced by clinicians treating suspected dengue in the face of increasing recognition of MIS and need for systematic research to establish diagnostic criteria for MIS-A.
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15
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Mohan A, Shaikh MTA, Wara UU, Rackimuthu S, Costa ACDS, Lal PM, Ahmad S, Essar MY. HIV/AIDS among children in Ratodero, Pakistan amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges, efforts, and recommendations. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 12:100878. [PMID: 34703953 PMCID: PMC8529879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Pakistan, HIV has increased at an alarming rate in recent decades, and the death toll has risen. It is a public health challenge amidst the COVID-19 pandemic that is not being given due importance. The present article looks at the challenges and efforts being made to deal with HIV among children in Ratodero, Pakistan, and addresses measures that can be taken to control the disease in the child population epidemiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Mohan
- Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Um-Ul Wara
- Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Lu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Puntani Pongsumpun
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pandji Wibawa Dhewantara
- Center for Research and Development of Public Health Effort, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Do Thi Thanh Toan
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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17
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Rackimuthu S, Hunain R, Islam Z, Natoli V, Costa ACDS, Ahmad S, Essar MY. Zika virus amid COVID-19 in India: A rising concern. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 37:556-560. [PMID: 34549467 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reem Hunain
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Zarmina Islam
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Valentino Natoli
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Bulterys PL, Solis D, Verghese M, Huang C, Sibai M, Costales C, Sahoo MK, Pinsky BA. Diagnosis of Dengue in a returning traveler from Pakistan suspected of COVID-19, California, USA. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 101:115517. [PMID: 34537475 PMCID: PMC8342863 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dengue and COVID-19 cocirculation presents a diagnostic conundrum for physicians evaluating patients with acute febrile illnesses, both in endemic regions and among returning travelers. We present a case of a returning traveler from Pakistan who, following repeated negative SARS-CoV-2 tests, was found to have a Dengue virus serotype 2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Solis
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Clinical Virology Laboratory, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Verghese
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Clinical Virology Laboratory, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chunhong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Clinical Virology Laboratory, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mamdouh Sibai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Clinical Virology Laboratory, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Malaya K Sahoo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Clinical Virology Laboratory, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Clinical Virology Laboratory, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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19
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Mohan A, Wara UU, Amjad SW, Rackimuthu S, Hunain R, Khan H, Carla Dos Santos Costa A, Ahmad S, Essar MY. Malaria amidst COVID-19 in India: Challenges, Efforts, and Recommendations. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 12:100867. [PMID: 34522826 PMCID: PMC8431839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in India, the country has faced a slew of new challenges, spawning a slew of other deadly viruses and diseases while also serving as a breeding ground for them. Not only did Malaria (a vector-borne disease) emerge as a coincidental outbreak during the pandemic, but many others did as well, causing severe diseases in humans due to flaws in health-care systems that were already overburdened with identifying, preventing, and treating the recently introduced coronavirus disease. Inadequate water cleanliness, as well as the delayed and misdiagnosis of Malaria with COVID-19 due to overlapping symptoms, are major impediments in the incidence of these unique outbreaks. Appropriate steps, such as providing clean water and diagnostic facilities to control Malaria cases, should be adopted to prevent such epidemics in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Mohan
- Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Um Ul Wara
- Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Hiba Khan
- Dubai Medical College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Pereira SM, do Nascimento CT, Ferro RS, Flores EF, Maldonado Bertacco EA, Fonseca EDS, Prestes-Carneiro LE. Double Trouble: Dengue Followed by COVID-19 Infection Acquired in Two Different Regions: A Doctor's Case Report and Spatial Distribution of Cases in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:156. [PMID: 34449753 PMCID: PMC8396357 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-epidemics of COVID-19 and dengue in dengue-endemic countries represent a serious public health concern. In Brazil, São Paulo state ranks first for cases and deaths from COVID-19, and dengue is endemic in most regions of the country. In 2020, an outbreak of dengue occurred in western São Paulo. We determined the spatiotemporal distribution of dengue in the context of COVID-19 cases in Presidente Prudente, a mid-sized city in western São Paulo. To illustrate the burden of both infections, a case report of a doctor and his family, infected with dengue and COVID-19, is presented. There were three clusters of dengue and COVID-19 in the periphery. A dengue cluster was found in a region where there were no corresponding COVID-19 cases. Meanwhile, there were COVID-19 clusters where dengue activity was lower. In 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic emerged when dengue reached its seasonal peak, resulting in a simultaneous outbreak of both diseases. Lower rates of dengue were found in the city compared with 2019, and the fear of patients with mild dengue symptoms about remaining in hospital and acquiring COVID-19 infection may be the main cause. Simultaneous spatial clusters of dengue and COVID-19 in environmentally and socioeconomically vulnerable areas can guide public health authorities in intensive interventions to improve clinical diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, and management of both diseases. The patient and his family were first infected with dengue and he then carried COVID-19 to his family, reinforcing the risk of health care workers spreading the virus to the community. We highlight the epidemiological significance of presenting a case report and spatial analysis of COVID-19 in the same study in the context of a dengue outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Munhoz Pereira
- Department of Emergency, Regional Hospital of Presidente Prudente, Oeste Paulista University, São Paulo 19050-920, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (C.T.d.N.); (R.S.F.); (L.E.P.-C.)
| | - Charlene Troiani do Nascimento
- Department of Emergency, Regional Hospital of Presidente Prudente, Oeste Paulista University, São Paulo 19050-920, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (C.T.d.N.); (R.S.F.); (L.E.P.-C.)
| | - Rodrigo Sala Ferro
- Department of Emergency, Regional Hospital of Presidente Prudente, Oeste Paulista University, São Paulo 19050-920, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (C.T.d.N.); (R.S.F.); (L.E.P.-C.)
| | - Edilson Ferreira Flores
- Statistics Department, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Elivelton da Silva Fonseca
- Institute of Geography, Santa Monica Campus, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Luiz Euribel Prestes-Carneiro
- Department of Emergency, Regional Hospital of Presidente Prudente, Oeste Paulista University, São Paulo 19050-920, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (C.T.d.N.); (R.S.F.); (L.E.P.-C.)
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21
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Hasan MM, Mohanan P, Emmanuella N, Costa ACDS, Ahmad S, Mousavi SH, Essar MY. Challenges of HIV amidst COVID-19 in Africa: Can we conquer them? J Med Virol 2021; 94:11-13. [PMID: 34403149 PMCID: PMC8427133 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh.,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Parvathy Mohanan
- Department of General Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nzeribe Emmanuella
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Child Health, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale, Ghana
| | | | - Shoaib Ahmad
- Department of Medicine and General Surgery, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sayed Hamid Mousavi
- Medical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan.,Afghanistan National Charity Organization for Special Diseases (ANOCD), Kabul, Afghanistan
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22
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Uwishema O, Adanur I, Babatunde AO, Hasan MM, Elmahi OKO, Olajumoke KB, Aborode AT, Emmanuella N, Costa ACDS, Ahmad S, Essar MY. Viral infections amidst COVID-19 in Africa: Implications and recommendations. J Med Virol 2021; 93:6798-6802. [PMID: 34260094 PMCID: PMC8426946 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections have been on the rise for the past decades. The impact of the viruses worsened amidst the pandemic burdening the already overwhelmed health care system in African countries. This article sheds light on how the coronavirus together with the already existing viral infections, some of which re‐emerged, impacted the continent. The strategies in place such as immunization, education, will have to be strengthened in all African countries to reduce the burden. Furthermore, governments can further collaborate with other countries in creating guidelines to reduce co‐infection of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Uwishema
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda.,Clinton Global Initiative University, New York, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Irem Adanur
- Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Abdulhammed Opeyemi Babatunde
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria.,Healthy Africans Platform, Research and Development, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh.,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Abdullahi Tunde Aborode
- Healthy Africans Platform, Research and Development, Ibadan, Nigeria.,West African Academy of Public Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nzeribe Emmanuella
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Child Health, Tamale Teaching Hospital Tamale, Northern Region, Tamale, Ghana
| | | | - Shoaib Ahmad
- Department of Medicine and General Surgery, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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23
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Aborode AT, Dos Santos Costa AC, Mohan A, Goyal S, Rabiu AT, Tsagkaris C, Uwishema O, Outani O, Ahmad S, Essar MY. Epidemic of plague amidst COVID-19 in Madagascar: efforts, challenges, and recommendations. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:56. [PMID: 34256858 PMCID: PMC8275634 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The plague has been wreaking havoc on people in Madagascar with the COVID-19 pandemic. Madagascar’s healthcare sector is striving to respond to COVID-19 in the face of a plague outbreak that has created a new strain on the country’s public health system. The goal and activities of the gradual epidemic of plague in Madagascar during COVID-19 are described in this research. In order to contain the plague and the COVID-19 pandemic in this country, we have suggested long-term recommendations that can help to contain the outbreak so that it may spread to non-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anmol Mohan
- Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Uwishema
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda. .,Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey. .,Clinton Global Initiative University, New York, USA.
| | - Oumaima Outani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohamed 5 University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Shoaib Ahmad
- District Head Quarters Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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24
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Hasan MM, Costa ACDS, Xenophontos E, Mohanan P, Bassey EE, Ahmad S, Essar MY. Lassa fever and COVID-19 in Africa: A double crisis on the fragile health system. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5707-5709. [PMID: 34191292 PMCID: PMC8427126 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh.,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Eleni Xenophontos
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Cyprus Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Parvathy Mohanan
- Department of General Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Esther Edet Bassey
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Shoaib Ahmad
- Department of Medicine and General Surgery, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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25
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Yousaf A, Khan FMA, Hasan MM, Ullah I, Bardhan M. Dengue, measles, and COVID-19: A threefold challenge to public health security in Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 19:100704. [PMID: 34230890 PMCID: PMC8249682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Yousaf
- Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - F M A Khan
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M M Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh.,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - I Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Bardhan
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
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26
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Mohan A, Fakhor H, Nimavat N, Wara UU, Lal PM, Costa ACDS, Ahmad S, Essar MY. Dengue and COVID-19: A risk of coepidemic in Ethiopia. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5680-5681. [PMID: 34061391 PMCID: PMC8242741 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hajar Fakhor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regional Hospital, Berrechid, Morocco
| | - Nirav Nimavat
- Department of Community Medicine, SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Um Ul Wara
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Shoaib Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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27
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Çavdaroğlu S, Hasan MM, Mohan A, Xenophontos E, Costa ACDS, Aborode AT, Tsagkaris C, Outani O, Ahmad S, Essar MY. The spread of Yellow fever amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa and the ongoing efforts to mitigate it. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5223-5225. [PMID: 33871091 PMCID: PMC8251444 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh.,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anmol Mohan
- Department of medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | - Oumaima Outani
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed 5 University, Morocco
| | - Shoaib Ahmad
- Department of Medicine and General Surgery, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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28
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Costa ACDS, Hasan MM, Xenophontos E, Mohanan P, Bassey EE, Hashim HT, Ahmad S, Essar MY. COVID-19 and Zika: An emerging dilemma for Brazil. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4124-4126. [PMID: 33837977 PMCID: PMC8251083 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh.,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Red-Green Research Center, BICCB, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eleni Xenophontos
- Medical School, University of Cyprus Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Parvathy Mohanan
- Department of Medicine and General Surgey, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Esther Edet Bassey
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Hashim Talib Hashim
- Department of Medicine and General Surgery, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Shoaib Ahmad
- Department of Medicine and General Surgery, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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