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Macaluso M, Chiellini C, Ciurli A, Guglielminetti L, Najar B, Taglieri I, Sanmartin C, Bianchi A, Venturi F, Zinnai A. Application of Five Different Chlorella sp. Microalgal Strains for the Treatment of Vegetation Waters Derived from Unconventional Oil Extractions Enriched with Citrus Byproducts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101398. [PMID: 35626969 PMCID: PMC9141023 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has, among its cornerstones, the use of olive oil for its nutraceutical and organoleptic properties. Despite the numerous merits, olive-oil mill wastewater (OMWW), which is generated by the olive-oil extraction process, is one of the most serious environmental pollutants in the Mediterranean countries. The polluting potential of OMWW is due to its high content of tannins, polyphenols, polyalcohols, pectins and lipids. In order to close the recovery cycle of a fortified citrus olive oils previously developed, we tested the ability of five microalgae of the Chlorella group (SEC_LI_ChL_1, CL_Sc, CL_Ch, FB and Idr) in lowering the percentage of total phenolic compounds in vegetation water. This was obtained with three different extraction processes (conventional, and lemon and orange peels) at three concentrations each (10%, 25% and 50%). The results showed that strains Idr, FB and CL_Sc from the Lake Massaciuccoli can tolerate vegetation water from conventional and lemon peel extractions up to 25%; these strains can also reduce the phenolic compounds within the tests. The application of microalgae for OMWW treatment represents an interesting opportunity as well as an eco-friendly low-cost solution to be developed within companies as a full-scale approach, which could be applied to obtain a fortified microalgal biomass to be employed in nutraceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Macaluso
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Chiellini
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriana Ciurli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guglielminetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Basma Najar
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Taglieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Sanmartin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bianchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Venturi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 54126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Karray R, Elloumi W, Ben Ali R, Loukil S, Chamkha M, Karray F, Sayadi S. A novel bioprocess combining anaerobic co-digestion followed by ultra-filtration and microalgae culture for optimal olive mill wastewater treatment. J Environ Manage 2022; 303:114188. [PMID: 34875565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW) has received considerable research globally due to its influence on the technical, economic, and environmental sustainability of wastewater biogas production. This work presents a novel combined biological process for OMW treatment in terms to produce for the first time, treated OMW and a valuable microalgae biomass. The process involves anaerobic co-digestion (AD), a low cut-off membrane ultra-filtration (UF) and a subsequent Scenedesmus sp. culture. The AD of OMW was conducted at high initial COD ranging from 28 to 38 g/L using an up-flow anaerobic fixed bed bio-reactor (300 L). Results revealed that the maximum biogas production was about 0.507 L/g CODintroduced.day containing 73% of methane corresponding to a methane yield of 0.370 L/g CODintroduced.day obtained at an organic loading rate of 4.58 g COD/L.day. High removal levels of COD, total phenolic compounds, and total suspended solids in the anaerobic liquid digestate (ALD) were achieved after AD and UF. Scenedesmus sp. was then cultivated on the ultra-filtrated ALD. A maximum biomass productivity of 0.15 g/L.day was recorded when Scenedesmus sp. is grown on 25% of ultra-filtrated ALD with a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 15.18 mg/L.day and an almost total elimination of phosphorus and phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raida Karray
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.B "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Wièm Elloumi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.B "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.B "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Loukil
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.B "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.B "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Karray
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.B "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
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Papaioannou EH, Mazzei R, Bazzarelli F, Piacentini E, Giannakopoulos V, Roberts MR, Giorno L. Agri-Food Industry Waste as Resource of Chemicals: The Role of Membrane Technology in Their Sustainable Recycling. Sustainability 2022; 14:1483. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The agri-food sector generates substantial quantities of waste material on farm and during the processing of these commodities, creating serious social and environmental problems. However, these wastes can be resources of raw material for the production of valuable chemicals with applications in various industrial sectors (e.g., food ingredients, nutraceuticals, bioderived fine chemicals, biofuels etc.). The recovery, purification and biotransformation of agri-food waste phytochemicals from this microbial spoilage-prone, complex agri-food waste material, requires appropriate fast pre-treatment and integration of various processes. This review provides a brief summary and discussion of the unique advantages and the importance of membrane technology in sustainable recycling of phytochemicals from some of the main agri-food sectors. Membrane-based pressure -driven processes present several advantages for the recovery of labile compounds from dilute streams. For example, they are clean technologies that can operate at low temperature (20–60 °C), have low energy requirements, there is no need for additional chemicals, can be quite automated and electrifiable, and have low space requirements. Based on their permselective properties based on size-, shape-, and charge-exclusion mechanisms, membrane-based separation processes have unpaired efficiency in fractionating biological components while presenting their properties. Pressure-driven membrane processes, such as microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF), as well as other advanced membrane-based processes such as membrane bioreactors (MBR), membrane emulsification (ME) and membrane distillation (MD), are presented. The integration of various membrane technologies from the initial recovery of these phytochemicals (MF, UF, NF) to the final formulation (by ME) of commercial products is described. A good example of an extensively studied agri-food stream is the olive processing industry, where many different alternatives have been suggested for the recovery of biophenols and final product fabrication. Membrane process integration will deliver in the near future mature technologies for the efficient treatment of these streams in larger scales, with direct impact on the environmental protection and society (production of compounds with positive health effects, new job creation, etc.). It is expected that integration of these technologies will have substantial impact on future bio-based societies over forthcoming decades and change the way that these chemicals are currently produced, moving from petrochemical-based linear product fabrication to a sustainable circular product design based in agri-food waste biomass.
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