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Ramon-Luing LA, Palacios Y, Ruiz A, Téllez-Navarrete NA, Chavez-Galan L. Virulence Factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as Modulators of Cell Death Mechanisms. Pathogens 2023; 12:839. [PMID: 37375529 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) modulates diverse cell death pathways to escape the host immune responses and favor its dissemination, a complex process of interest in pathogenesis-related studies. The main virulence factors of Mtb that alter cell death pathways are classified according to their origin as either non-protein (for instance, lipomannan) or protein (such as the PE family and ESX secretion system). The 38 kDa lipoprotein, ESAT-6 (early antigen-secreted protein 6 kDa), and another secreted protein, tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT), induces necroptosis, thereby allowing mycobacteria to survive inside the cell. The inhibition of pyroptosis by blocking inflammasome activation by Zmp1 and PknF is another pathway that aids the intracellular replication of Mtb. Autophagy inhibition is another mechanism that allows Mtb to escape the immune response. The enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein, other proteins, such as ESX-1, SecA2, SapM, PE6, and certain microRNAs, also facilitate Mtb host immune escape process. In summary, Mtb affects the microenvironment of cell death to avoid an effective immune response and facilitate its spread. A thorough study of these pathways would help identify therapeutic targets to prevent the survival of mycobacteria in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucero A Ramon-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Yadira Palacios
- Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
- Department of Biological Systems, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Campus Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Andy Ruiz
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Norma A Téllez-Navarrete
- Department of Healthcare Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Sun L, Zhu H, Zhang K. GAB1 alleviates septic lung injury by inhibiting the TLR4/ NF-κB pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:94-103. [PMID: 34498273 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, with its high morbidity and mortality, is a difficult problem in critical care medicine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the involvement of GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) in septic lung injury. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model and A549 cell model were used to simulate septic lung injury. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the pathological changes. The terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase/(TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptosis. The levels of inflammatory factors in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In LPS-induced sepsis mice, GAB1 expression was markedly reduced, and GAB1 overexpression significantly attenuated cell apoptosis and decreased levels of macrophages, neutrophils, and inflammatory factors in the BALF. Our results also demonstrated that GAB1 overexpression significantly reduced LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation of A549 cells. More importantly, GAB1 overexpression significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor/ NFkappaB (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway, while silencing GAB1 significantly activated the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and induced apoptosis and increased expression of inflammatory factors. However, the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 eliminated the effect of GAB1 silencing on A549. In conclusion, GAB1 is a key regulator of sepsis by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB mediated apoptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Emergency Department, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Hongchao Zhu
- Emergency Department, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Emergency Department, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
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Shakeri R, Kheirollahi A, Davoodi J. Contribution of Apaf-1 to the pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Biochimie 2021; 190:91-110. [PMID: 34298080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of apoptosis is associated with various pathologies, such as neurodegenerative disorders at one end of the spectrum and cancer at the other end. Generally speaking, differentiated cells like cardiomyocytes, skeletal myocytes and neurons exhibit low levels of Apaf-1 (Apoptotic protease activating factor 1) protein suggesting that down-regulation of Apaf-1 is an important event contributing to the resistance of these cells to apoptosis. Nonetheless, upregulation of Apaf-1 has not emerged as a common phenomenon in pathologies associated with enhanced neuronal cell death, i.e., neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer, on the other hand, Apaf-1 downregulation is a common phenomenon, which occurs through various mechanisms including mRNA hyper-methylation, gene methylation, Apaf-1 localization in lipid rafts, inhibition by microRNAs, phosphorylation, and interaction with specific inhibitors. Due to the diversity of these mechanisms and involvement of other factors, defining the exact contribution of Apaf-1 to the development of cancer in general and neurodegenerative disorders, in particular, is complicated. The current review is an attempt to provide a comprehensive image of Apaf-1's contribution to the pathologies observed in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases with the emphasis on the therapeutic aspects of Apaf-1 as an important target in these pathologies.
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Melnyk T, Đorđević S, Conejos-Sánchez I, Vicent MJ. Therapeutic potential of polypeptide-based conjugates: Rational design and analytical tools that can boost clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:136-169. [PMID: 33091502 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clinical success of polypeptides as polymeric drugs, covered by the umbrella term "polymer therapeutics," combined with related scientific and technological breakthroughs, explain their exponential growth in the development of polypeptide-drug conjugates as therapeutic agents. A deeper understanding of the biology at relevant pathological sites and the critical biological barriers faced, combined with advances regarding controlled polymerization techniques, material bioresponsiveness, analytical methods, and scale up-manufacture processes, have fostered the development of these nature-mimicking entities. Now, engineered polypeptides have the potential to combat current challenges in the advanced drug delivery field. In this review, we will discuss examples of polypeptide-drug conjugates as single or combination therapies in both preclinical and clinical studies as therapeutics and molecular imaging tools. Importantly, we will critically discuss relevant examples to highlight those parameters relevant to their rational design, such as linking chemistry, the analytical strategies employed, and their physicochemical and biological characterization, that will foster their rapid clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Melnyk
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Snežana Đorđević
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Conejos-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María J Vicent
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
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Karatay KB, Kılçar AY, Derviş E, Müftüler FZB. Radioiodinated Ginger Compounds (6-gingerol and 6-shogaol) and Incorporation Assays on Breast Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:1129-1139. [PMID: 31994470 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200128114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 6-Gingerol (6G) and 6-Shogaol (6S) are the main active components of ginger. 6-Gingerol is known for its anti-metastatic and anti-invasive pharmacological activities on cancer cells, besides, 6-Shogaol also inhibits breast cancer cell invasion. OBJECTIVE In this study, radioiodination (131I) of 6G and 6S was aimed. Additionally, it is aimed to monitor their incorporation behavior on breast cancer cell lines. METHODS 6-Gingerol was isolated from the fresh ginger-roots extract, additionally, dehydrated to obtain 6-Shogaol. 6G and 6S were radioiodinated using iodogen method. Quality control studies of radioiodinated ginger compounds (6G and 6S) were performed by thin layer radio-chromatography. In vitro studies of radioiodinated ginger compounds on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were performed with incorporation assays. RESULTS 6-Gingerol and 6-Shogaol were radioiodinated (131I-6G and 131I-6S) in high yields over 95%. 131I-6S demonstrated higher incorporation values than 131I-6G on MDA-MB-231 cells. Incorporation behavior of 131I-6G and 131I-6S was similar to MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION It has been observed that ginger compounds were radioiodinated successfully and 131I-6S have a noteworthy incorporation on MDA-MB-231 cells which is a known breast carcinoma cell line with highly invasive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadriye B Karatay
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Yurt Kılçar
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emine Derviş
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fazilet Z Biber Müftüler
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Garrido M, Corredor M, Orzáez M, Alfonso I, Messeguer A. Regioselective Synthesis of a Family of β-Lactams Bearing a Triazole Moiety as Potential Apoptosis Inhibitors. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:485-494. [PMID: 27777842 PMCID: PMC5062015 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a biological process important to several human diseases; it is strongly regulated through protein–protein interactions and complex formation. We previously reported the synthesis of apoptosis inhibitors bearing an exocyclic triazole amide isoster by using an Ugi four‐component coupling reaction (Ugi‐4CC), followed by a base‐promoted intramolecular cyclization. Depending on the substitution patterns and the reaction conditions, this cyclization forms the six‐ or four‐membered ring. Two compounds bearing the β‐lactam scaffold turned out to be the most potent inhibitors. This encouraged us to optimize the modulation of the cyclization, and prepare a library of 15 β‐lactams with total regioselectivity. Moreover, we aimed to improve the bioavailability of these compounds through the introduction of diversity at different substitution positions. The activity of these compounds as apoptosis inhibitors in cellular extracts has been evaluated, showing an increase in their potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garrido
- Dep. Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (CSIC) C/Jordi Girona 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Miriam Corredor
- Dep. Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (CSIC) C/Jordi Girona 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry Centro de Investigaciones Príncipe Felipe C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 46012 Valencia Spain
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Dep. Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (CSIC) C/Jordi Girona 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Angel Messeguer
- Dep. Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (CSIC) C/Jordi Girona 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
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Corredor M, Garrido M, Bujons J, Orzáez M, Pérez-Payá E, Alfonso I, Messeguer A. Efficient Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted Apoptosis Inhibitors Bearing a Triazole Moiety. Chemistry 2015; 21:14122-8. [PMID: 26270744 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a biological process relevant to different human diseases that is regulated through protein-protein interactions and complex formation. Peptidomimetic compounds based on linear peptoids and cyclic analogues with different ring sizes have been previously reported as potent apoptotic inhibitors. Among them, the presence of cis/trans conformers of an exocyclic tertiary amide bond in slow exchange has been characterized. This information encouraged us to perform an isosteric replacement of the amide bond by a 1,2,3-triazole moiety, in which different substitution patterns would mimic different amide rotamers. The syntheses of these restricted analogues have been carried out through an Ugi multicomponent reaction followed by an intramolecular cyclization. The unexpected formation of a β-lactam scaffold prompted us to study the course of the intramolecular cyclization of the Ugi adducts. In order to modulate this cyclization, a small library of compounds bearing both heterocyclic scaffolds has been synthesized and their activities as apoptosis inhibitors have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Corredor
- Dep. Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Maria Garrido
- Dep. Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Jordi Bujons
- Dep. Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigaciones Príncipe Felipe, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia (Spain)
| | - Enrique Pérez-Payá
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigaciones Príncipe Felipe, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia (Spain)
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Dep. Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Angel Messeguer
- Dep. Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain).
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Shalaeva DN, Dibrova DV, Galperin MY, Mulkidjanian AY. Modeling of interaction between cytochrome c and the WD domains of Apaf-1: bifurcated salt bridges underlying apoptosome assembly. Biol Direct 2015. [PMID: 26014357 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-015-0059- 4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binding of cytochrome c, released from the damaged mitochondria, to the apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) is a key event in the apoptotic signaling cascade. The binding triggers a major domain rearrangement in Apaf-1, which leads to oligomerization of Apaf-1/cytochrome c complexes into an apoptosome. Despite the availability of crystal structures of cytochrome c and Apaf-1 and cryo-electron microscopy models of the entire apoptosome, the binding mode of cytochrome c to Apaf-1, as well as the nature of the amino acid residues of Apaf-1 involved remain obscure. RESULTS We investigated the interaction between cytochrome c and Apaf-1 by combining several modeling approaches. We have applied protein-protein docking and energy minimization, evaluated the resulting models of the Apaf-1/cytochrome c complex, and carried out a further analysis by means of molecular dynamics simulations. We ended up with a single model structure where all the lysine residues of cytochrome c that are known as functionally-relevant were involved in forming salt bridges with acidic residues of Apaf-1. This model has revealed three distinctive bifurcated salt bridges, each involving a single lysine residue of cytochrome c and two neighboring acidic resides of Apaf-1. Salt bridge-forming amino acids of Apaf-1 showed a clear evolutionary pattern within Metazoa, with pairs of acidic residues of Apaf-1, involved in bifurcated salt bridges, reaching their highest numbers in the sequences of vertebrates, in which the cytochrome c-mediated mechanism of apoptosome formation seems to be typical. CONCLUSIONS The reported model of an Apaf-1/cytochrome c complex provides insights in the nature of protein-protein interactions which are hard to observe in crystallographic or electron microscopy studies. Bifurcated salt bridges can be expected to be stronger than simple salt bridges, and their formation might promote the conformational change of Apaf-1, leading to the formation of an apoptosome. Combination of structural and sequence analyses provides hints on the evolution of the cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria N Shalaeva
- School of Physics, Osnabrück University, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany. .,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, 117999, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Daria V Dibrova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 117999, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Michael Y Galperin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 20894, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Armen Y Mulkidjanian
- School of Physics, Osnabrück University, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany. .,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, 117999, Moscow, Russia. .,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 117999, Moscow, Russia.
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Shalaeva DN, Dibrova DV, Galperin MY, Mulkidjanian AY. Modeling of interaction between cytochrome c and the WD domains of Apaf-1: bifurcated salt bridges underlying apoptosome assembly. Biol Direct 2015; 10:29. [PMID: 26014357 PMCID: PMC4445527 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-015-0059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Binding of cytochrome c, released from the damaged mitochondria, to the apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) is a key event in the apoptotic signaling cascade. The binding triggers a major domain rearrangement in Apaf-1, which leads to oligomerization of Apaf-1/cytochrome c complexes into an apoptosome. Despite the availability of crystal structures of cytochrome c and Apaf-1 and cryo-electron microscopy models of the entire apoptosome, the binding mode of cytochrome c to Apaf-1, as well as the nature of the amino acid residues of Apaf-1 involved remain obscure. Results We investigated the interaction between cytochrome c and Apaf-1 by combining several modeling approaches. We have applied protein-protein docking and energy minimization, evaluated the resulting models of the Apaf-1/cytochrome c complex, and carried out a further analysis by means of molecular dynamics simulations. We ended up with a single model structure where all the lysine residues of cytochrome c that are known as functionally-relevant were involved in forming salt bridges with acidic residues of Apaf-1. This model has revealed three distinctive bifurcated salt bridges, each involving a single lysine residue of cytochrome c and two neighboring acidic resides of Apaf-1. Salt bridge-forming amino acids of Apaf-1 showed a clear evolutionary pattern within Metazoa, with pairs of acidic residues of Apaf-1, involved in bifurcated salt bridges, reaching their highest numbers in the sequences of vertebrates, in which the cytochrome c-mediated mechanism of apoptosome formation seems to be typical. Conclusions The reported model of an Apaf-1/cytochrome c complex provides insights in the nature of protein-protein interactions which are hard to observe in crystallographic or electron microscopy studies. Bifurcated salt bridges can be expected to be stronger than simple salt bridges, and their formation might promote the conformational change of Apaf-1, leading to the formation of an apoptosome. Combination of structural and sequence analyses provides hints on the evolution of the cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Andrei L. Osterman, Narayanaswamy Srinivasan, Igor N. Berezovsky, and Gerrit Vriend (nominated by Martijn Huynen). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13062-015-0059-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria N Shalaeva
- School of Physics, Osnabrück University, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany. .,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, 117999, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Daria V Dibrova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 117999, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Michael Y Galperin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 20894, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Armen Y Mulkidjanian
- School of Physics, Osnabrück University, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany. .,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, 117999, Moscow, Russia. .,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 117999, Moscow, Russia.
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Luo C, DU Z, Wei X, Chen G, Fu Z. Bisdemethoxycurcumin attenuates gastric adenocarcinoma growth by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:270-274. [PMID: 25435973 PMCID: PMC4246618 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is a demethoxy derivative of curcumin. In this study, a human gastric adenocarcinoma xenograft model was generated in vivo using nude mice and BDMC was observed to suppress the growth and activity of tumors, in addition to improving the physical and mental capacity of the mice. An increased number of apoptotic cells, decreased ratio of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein and increased caspase-3 expression was also observed following treatment with BDMC, indicating that BDMC may promote apoptosis in tumors via mitochondrial modulation. The growth of SGC 7901 gastric cancer cells was inhibited and arrested at G1 phase. Specific indicators of mitochondrial dysfunction, a reduction in adenosine triphosphate generation, the inner mitochondrial membrane potential, augmentation of reactive oxygen species production and cytochrome c were also detected in the mitochondria following treatment with BDMC. These results indicate that BDMC attenuates gastric adenocarcinoma growth by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China ; Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Zhixing DU
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Surgical ICU, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxue Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Tokar T, Ulicny J. The mathematical model of the Bcl-2 family mediated MOMP regulation can perform a non-trivial pattern recognition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81861. [PMID: 24386084 PMCID: PMC3873269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between individual members of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins form a regulatory network governing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Bcl-2 family initiated MOMP causes release of the inter-membrane pro-apoptotic proteins to cytosol and creates a cytosolic environment suitable for the executionary phase of apoptosis. We designed the mathematical model of this regulatory network where the synthesis rates of the Bcl-2 family members served as the independent inputs. Using computational simulations, we have then analyzed the response of the model to up-/downregulation of the Bcl-2 proteins. Under several assumptions, and using estimated reaction parameters, a non-linear stimulus-response emerged, whose characteristics are associated with bistability and switch-like behavior. Interestingly, using the principal component analysis (PCA) we have shown that the given model of the Bcl-2 family interactions classifies the random combinations of inputs into two distinct classes, and responds to these by one of the two qualitatively distinct outputs. As we showed, the emergence of this behavior requires specific organization of the interactions between particular Bcl-2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Tokar
- Department of Biophysics, University of P. J. Safarik in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ulicny
- Department of Biophysics, University of P. J. Safarik in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
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Tokar T, Turcan Z, Ulicny J. Boolean network-based model of the Bcl-2 family mediated MOMP regulation. Theor Biol Med Model 2013; 10:40. [PMID: 23767791 PMCID: PMC3716804 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-10-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is one of the most important points in the majority of apoptotic signaling cascades and it is controlled by a network of interactions between the members of the Bcl-2 family. Methods To understand the role of individual members of this family within the MOMP regulation, we have constructed a Boolean network-based model of interactions between the Bcl-2 proteins. Results Computational simulations have revealed the existence of trapping states which, independently from the incoming stimuli, block the occurrence of MOMP. Our results emphasize the role of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 in the majority of these configurations. We demonstrate here the importance of the Bid and Bim for activation of effectors Bax and Bak, and the irreversibility of this activation. The model further points to the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-w as a key factor preventing Bax activation. Conclusions In spite of relative simplicity, the Boolean network-based model provides useful insight into main functioning logic of the Bcl-2 switch, consistent with experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Tokar
- Department of Biophysics, University of PJ Safarik, Jesenna 5, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
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Corredor M, Bujons J, Orzáez M, Sancho M, Pérez-payá E, Alfonso I, Messeguer A. Optimizing the control of apoptosis by amide/triazole isosteric substitution in a constrained peptoid. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:892-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Andreu-Fernández V, Genovés A, Messeguer A, Orzáez M, Sancho M, Pérez-Payá E. BH3-mimetics- and cisplatin-induced cell death proceeds through different pathways depending on the availability of death-related cellular components. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56881. [PMID: 23437261 PMCID: PMC3578861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to their important function in regulating cell death, pharmacological inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins by dubbed BH3-mimetics is a promising strategy for apoptosis induction or sensitization to chemotherapy. However, the role of Apaf-1, the main protein constituent of the apoptosome, in the process has yet not been analyzed. Furthermore as new chemotherapeutics develop, the possible chemotherapy-induced toxicity to rapidly dividing normal cells, especially sensitive differentiated cells, has to be considered. Such undesirable effects would probably be ameliorated by selectively and locally inhibiting apoptosis in defined sensitive cells. Methodology and Principal Findings Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFS) from Apaf-1 knock out mouse (MEFS KO Apaf-1) and Bax/Bak double KO (MEFS KO Bax/Bak), MEFS from wild-type mouse (MEFS wt) and human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells were used to comparatively investigate the signaling cell death-induced pathways of BH3-mimetics, like ABT737 and GX15-070, with DNA damage-inducing agent cisplatin (cis-diammineplatinum(II) dichloride, CDDP). The study was performed in the absence or presence of apoptosis inhibitors namely, caspase inhibitors or apoptosome inhibitors. BH3-mimetic ABT737 required of Apaf-1 to exert its apoptosis-inducing effect. In contrast, BH3-mimetic GX15-070 and DNA damage-inducing CDDP induced cell death in the absence of both Bax/Bak and Apaf-1. GX15-070 induced autophagy-based cell death in all the cell lines analyzed. MEFS wt cells were protected from the cytotoxic effects of ABT737 and CDDP by chemical inhibition of the apoptosome through QM31, but not by using general caspase inhibitors. Conclusions BH3-mimetic ABT737 not only requires Bax/Bak to exert its apoptosis-inducing effect, but also Apaf-1, while GX15-070 and CDDP induce different modalities of cell death in the absence of Bax/Bak or Apaf-1. Inclusion of specific Apaf-1 inhibitors in topical and well-localized administrations, but not in systemic ones, to avoid interferences with chemotherapeutics would be of interest to prevent chemotherapeutic-induced unwanted cell death which could improve cancer patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Genovés
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Messeguer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Instituto Química Avanzada de Cataluña (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Sancho
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Payá
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, IBV-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Guo RB, Wang GF, Zhao AP, Gu J, Sun XL, Hu G. Paeoniflorin protects against ischemia-induced brain damages in rats via inhibiting MAPKs/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49701. [PMID: 23166749 PMCID: PMC3498223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF), the principal component of Paeoniae Radix prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to exhibit many pharmacological effects including protection against ischemic injury. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of PF on cerebral ischemia are still under investigation. The present study showed that PF treatment for 14 days could significantly inhibit transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced over-activation of astrocytes and microglia, and prevented up-regulations of pro-inflamamtory mediators (TNFα, IL-1β, iNOS, COX(2) and 5-LOX) in plasma and brain. Further study demonstrated that chronic treatment with PF suppressed the activations of JNK and p38 MAPK, but enhanced ERK activation. And PF could reverse ischemia-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, our in vitro study revealed that PF treatment protected against TNFα-induced cell apoptosis and neuronal loss. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that PF produces a delayed protection in the ischemia-injured rats via inhibiting MAPKs/NF-κB mediated peripheral and cerebral inflammatory response. Our study reveals that PF might be a potential neuroprotective agent for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Bing Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Feng Wang
- Department of Cadre Ward No. 3, the General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - An-Peng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (X-LS); (GH)
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (X-LS); (GH)
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Moure A, Orzáez M, Sancho M, Messeguer A. Synthesis of enantiomerically pure perhydro-1,4-diazepine-2,5-dione and 1,4-piperazine-2,5-dione derivatives exhibiting potent activity as apoptosis inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7097-9. [PMID: 23079529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death and plays a fundamental role in several human diseases. We have previously reported the synthesis of the perhydro-1,4-diazepine-2,5-dione and 1,4-piperazine-2,5-dione derivatives as racemic mixtures. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a potent in vitro and in cellular extracts antiapoptotic activity. In view that the chiral discrimination has been an issue in the development and use of pharmaceutical drugs, the present contribution reports the synthesis of enantiopure peptidomimetics 1 and 2. The biological evaluation of these enantiomers as apoptosis inhibitors is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Moure
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científica, J. Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Palacios-Rodríguez Y, García-Laínez G, Sancho M, Gortat A, Orzáez M, Pérez-Payá E. Polypeptide modulators of caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-CARD-mediated protein-protein interactions. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:44457-66. [PMID: 22065589 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.255364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The caspase recruitment domain (CARD) is present in a large number of proteins. Initially, the CARD was recognized as part of the caspase activation machinery. CARD-CARD interactions play a role in apoptosis and are responsible for the Apaf-1-mediated activation of procaspase-9 in the apoptosome. CARD-containing proteins mediate the inflammasome-dependent activation of proinflammatory caspase-1. More recently, new roles for CARD-containing proteins have been reported in signaling pathways associated with immune responses. The functional role of CARD-containing proteins and CARDs in coordinating apoptosis and inflammatory and immune responses is not completely understood. We have explored the putative cross-talk between apoptosis and inflammation by analyzing the modulatory activity on both the Apaf-1/procaspase-9 interaction and the inflammasome-mediated procaspase-1 activation of CARD-derived polypeptides. To this end, we analyzed the activity of individual recombinant CARDs, rationally designed CARD-derived peptides, and peptides derived from phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Palacios-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46012 Valencia, Spain
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Ahmed K, Wei ZL, Zhao QL, Nakajima N, Matsunaga T, Ogasawara M, Kondo T. Role of fatty acid chain length on the induction of apoptosis by newly synthesized catechin derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 185:182-8. [PMID: 20206613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The catechins, a family of polyphenols found in tea, can evoke various responses, including apoptosis. In this study we investigated whether the chemical modification of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) could enhance its apoptosis activity. We found that one of the catechin conjugated with capric acid [(2R,3S)-3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavan-3-yl decanoate; catechin-C10] was most potent to induce apoptosis in U937 cells. C10 treatment resulted in a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, cytochrome c release caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. In addition to this C10 also activated extrinsic pathway significantly as evident by time-dependent increase in Fas expression and caspase-8 activity. C10 mediated cleavage of Bid may be an important event for cross talk between intrinsic and extrinsic signaling. Moreover, pre-treatment of cells with anti-oxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly prevented C10-induced apoptosis but did not protect MMP loss. Treatment of cells with pan-caspase inhibitor significantly inhibited apoptosis indicating that caspases are playing key role. In addition to this C10 was found to induce apoptosis in human colon cancer (HCT116) cells while it showed resistance to human keratinocytes (HaCat). In short our results showed that the optimal fatty acid side chain length is required for the apoptosis inducing activity of catechin derivatives in U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Ahmed
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama Japan, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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