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Willemen HLDM, Santos Ribeiro PS, Broeks M, Meijer N, Versteeg S, Tiggeler A, de Boer TP, Małecki JM, Falnes PØ, Jans J, Eijkelkamp N. Inflammation-induced mitochondrial and metabolic disturbances in sensory neurons control the switch from acute to chronic pain. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101265. [PMID: 37944527 PMCID: PMC10694662 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Pain often persists in patients with an inflammatory disease, even when inflammation has subsided. The molecular mechanisms leading to this failure in pain resolution and the transition to chronic pain are poorly understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction in sensory neurons links to chronic pain, but its role in resolution of inflammatory pain is unclear. Transient inflammation causes neuronal plasticity, called hyperalgesic priming, which impairs resolution of pain induced by a subsequent inflammatory stimulus. We identify that hyperalgesic priming in mice increases the expression of a mitochondrial protein (ATPSc-KMT) and causes mitochondrial and metabolic disturbances in sensory neurons. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, knockdown of ATPSCKMT expression, or supplementation of the affected metabolite is sufficient to restore resolution of inflammatory pain and prevents chronic pain development. Thus, inflammation-induced mitochondrial-dependent disturbances in sensory neurons predispose to a failure in resolution of inflammatory pain and development of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke L D M Willemen
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrícia Silva Santos Ribeiro
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Broeks
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nils Meijer
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Versteeg
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annefien Tiggeler
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Teun P de Boer
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jędrzej M Małecki
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; CRES-O - Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Ø Falnes
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; CRES-O - Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Judith Jans
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Eijkelkamp
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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2
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Malloy CR, Sherry AD, Alger JR, Jin ES. Recent progress in analysis of intermediary metabolism by ex vivo 13 C NMR. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4817. [PMID: 35997012 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced imaging technologies, large-scale metabolomics, and the measurement of gene transcripts or enzyme expression all enable investigations of intermediary metabolism in human patients. Complementary information about fluxes in individual metabolic pathways may be obtained by ex vivo 13 C NMR of blood or tissue biopsies. Simple molecules such as 13 C-labeled glucose are readily administered to patients prior to surgical biopsies, and 13 C-labeled glycerol is easily administered orally to outpatients. Here, we review recent progress in practical applications of 13 C NMR to study cancer biology, the response to oxidative stress, gluconeogenesis, triglyceride synthesis in patients, as well as new insights into compartmentation of metabolism in the cytosol. The technical aspects of obtaining the sample, preparing material for analysis, and acquiring the spectra are relatively simple. This approach enables convenient, valuable, and quantitative insights into intermediary metabolism in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffry R Alger
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eunsook S Jin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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3
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Sharma G, Maptue N, Rahim M, Trigo Mijes ML, Hever T, Wen X, Funk AM, Malloy CR, Young JD, Khemtong C. Oxidation of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate in isolated rat kidneys. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4857. [PMID: 36285844 PMCID: PMC9980878 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Kidneys play a central role in numerous disorders but current imaging methods have limited utility to probe renal metabolism. Hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C magnetic resonance imaging is uniquely suited to provide metabolite-specific information about key biochemical pathways and it offers the further advantage that renal imaging is practical in humans. This study evaluated the feasibility of hyperpolarization examinations in a widely used model for analysis of renal physiology, the isolated kidney, which enables isolation of renal metabolism from the effects of other organs and validation of HP results by independent measurements. Isolated rat kidneys were supplied with either HP [1-13 C]pyruvate only or HP [1-13 C]pyruvate plus octanoate. Metabolic activity in both groups was confirmed by stable renal oxygen consumption. HP [1-13 C]pyruvate was readily metabolized to [13 C]bicarbonate, [1-13 C]lactate, and [1-13 C]alanine, detectable seconds after HP [1-13 C]pyruvate was injected. Octanoate suppressed but did not eliminate the production of HP [13 C]bicarbonate from [1-13 C]pyruvate. Steady-state flux analyses using non-HP 13 C substrates validated the utilization of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate, as observed by HP 13 C NMR. In the presence of octanoate, lactate is generated from a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate, oxaloacetate. The isolated rat kidney may serve as an excellent model for investigating and establishing new HP 13 C metabolic probes for future kidney imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nesmine Maptue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Miriam L. Trigo Mijes
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Hever
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexander M. Funk
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jamey D. Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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4
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Ketone Bodies and Cardiovascular Disease: An Alternate Fuel Source to the Rescue. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043534. [PMID: 36834946 PMCID: PMC9962558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased metabolic activity of the heart as a pump involves a high demand of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production for its mechanical and electrical activities accomplished mainly via oxidative phosphorylation, supplying up to 95% of the necessary ATP production, with the rest attained by substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis. In the normal human heart, fatty acids provide the principal fuel (40-70%) for ATP generation, followed mainly by glucose (20-30%), and to a lesser degree (<5%) by other substrates (lactate, ketones, pyruvate and amino acids). Although ketones contribute 4-15% under normal situations, the rate of glucose use is drastically diminished in the hypertrophied and failing heart which switches to ketone bodies as an alternate fuel which are oxidized in lieu of glucose, and if adequately abundant, they reduce myocardial fat delivery and usage. Increasing cardiac ketone body oxidation appears beneficial in the context of heart failure (HF) and other pathological cardiovascular (CV) conditions. Also, an enhanced expression of genes crucial for ketone break down facilitates fat or ketone usage which averts or slows down HF, potentially by avoiding the use of glucose-derived carbon needed for anabolic processes. These issues of ketone body utilization in HF and other CV diseases are herein reviewed and pictorially illustrated.
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Capone F, Sotomayor-Flores C, Bode D, Wang R, Rodolico D, Strocchi S, Schiattarella GG. Cardiac metabolism in HFpEF: from fuel to signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3556-3575. [PMID: 36504368 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is marked by distinctive changes in myocardial uptake and utilization of energy substrates. Among the different types of HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a highly prevalent, complex, and heterogeneous condition for which metabolic derangements seem to dictate disease progression. Changes in intermediate metabolism in cardiometabolic HFpEF-among the most prevalent forms of HFpEF-have a large impact both on energy provision and on a number of signalling pathways in the heart. This dual, metabolic vs. signalling, role is played in particular by long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and short-chain carbon sources [namely, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and ketone bodies (KBs)]. LCFAs are key fuels for the heart, but their excess can be harmful, as in the case of toxic accumulation of lipid by-products (i.e. lipotoxicity). SCFAs and KBs have been proposed as a potential major, alternative source of energy in HFpEF. At the same time, both LCFAs and short-chain carbon sources are substrate for protein post-translational modifications and other forms of direct and indirect signalling of pivotal importance in HFpEF pathogenesis. An in-depth molecular understanding of the biological functions of energy substrates and their signalling role will be instrumental in the development of novel therapeutic approaches to HFpEF. Here, we summarize the current evidence on changes in energy metabolism in HFpEF, discuss the signalling role of intermediate metabolites through, at least in part, their fate as substrates for post-translational modifications, and highlight clinical and translational challenges around metabolic therapy in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Capone
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristian Sotomayor-Flores
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Bode
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rongling Wang
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Rodolico
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Strocchi
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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6
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Biomarkers of Redox Balance Adjusted to Exercise Intensity as a Useful Tool to Identify Patients at Risk of Muscle Disease through Exercise Test. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091886. [PMID: 35565853 PMCID: PMC9105000 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The screening of skeletal muscle diseases constitutes an unresolved challenge. Currently, exercise tests or plasmatic tests alone have shown limited performance in the screening of subjects with an increased risk of muscle oxidative metabolism impairment. Intensity-adjusted energy substrate levels of lactate (La), pyruvate (Pyr), β-hydroxybutyrate (BOH) and acetoacetate (AA) during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) could constitute alternative valid biomarkers to select “at-risk” patients, requiring the gold-standard diagnosis procedure through muscle biopsy. Thus, we aimed to test: (1) the validity of the V’O2-adjusted La, Pyr, BOH and AA during a CPET for the assessment of the muscle oxidative metabolism (exercise and mitochondrial respiration parameters); and (2) the discriminative value of the V’O2-adjusted energy and redox markers, as well as five other V’O2-adjusted TCA cycle-related metabolites, between healthy subjects, subjects with muscle complaints and muscle disease patients. Two hundred and thirty subjects with muscle complaints without diagnosis, nine patients with a diagnosed muscle disease and ten healthy subjects performed a CPET with blood assessments at rest, at the estimated 1st ventilatory threshold and at the maximal intensity. Twelve subjects with muscle complaints presenting a severe alteration of their profile underwent a muscle biopsy. The V’O2-adjusted plasma levels of La, Pyr, BOH and AA, and their respective ratios showed significant correlations with functional and muscle fiber mitochondrial respiration parameters. Differences in exercise V’O2-adjusted La/Pyr, BOH, AA and BOH/AA were observed between healthy subjects, subjects with muscle complaints without diagnosis and muscle disease patients. The energy substrate and redox blood profile of complaining subjects with severe exercise intolerance matched the blood profile of muscle disease patients. Adding five tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates did not improve the discriminative value of the intensity-adjusted energy and redox markers. The V’O2-adjusted La, Pyr, BOH, AA and their respective ratios constitute valid muscle biomarkers that reveal similar blunted adaptations in muscle disease patients and in subjects with muscle complaints and severe exercise intolerance. A targeted metabolomic approach to improve the screening of “at-risk” patients is discussed.
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7
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Stewart NJ, Sato T, Takeda N, Hirata H, Matsumoto S. Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Tool for Imaging Tissue Redox State, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cellular Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:81-94. [PMID: 34218688 PMCID: PMC8792501 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-labeled redox-sensitive metabolic tracers can provide noninvasive functional imaging biomarkers, reflecting tissue redox state, oxidative stress, and inflammation, among others. The capability to use endogenous metabolites as 13C-enriched imaging tracers without structural modification makes HP 13C MRI a promising tool to evaluate redox state in patients with various diseases. Recent Advances: Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo metabolic imaging of 13C-labeled tracers polarized by parahydrogen-induced polarization techniques, which offer a cost-effective alternative to the more widely used dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization-based hyperpolarizers. Critical Issues: Although the fluxes of many metabolic pathways reflect the change in tissue redox state, they are not functionally specific. In the present review, we summarize recent challenges in the development of specific 13C metabolic tracers for biomarkers of redox state, including that for detecting reactive oxygen species. Future Directions: Applications of HP 13C metabolic MRI to evaluate redox state have only just begun to be investigated. The possibility to gain a comprehensive understanding of the correlations between tissue redox potential and metabolism under different pathological conditions by using HP 13C MRI is promoting its interest in the clinical arena, along with its noninvasive biomarkers to evaluate the extent of disease and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tatsuyuki Sato
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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8
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Sharma G, Wen X, Maptue NR, Hever T, Malloy CR, Sherry AD, Khemtong C. Co-Polarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate and [1,3- 13C 2]Acetoacetate Provide a Simultaneous View of Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Redox in a Single Experiment. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3967-3977. [PMID: 34761912 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular redox is intricately linked to energy production and normal cell function. Although the redox states of mitochondria and cytosol are connected by shuttle mechanisms, the redox state of mitochondria may differ from redox in the cytosol in response to stress. However, detecting these differences in functioning tissues is difficult. Here, we employed 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and co-polarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [1,3-13C2]acetoacetate ([1,3-13C2]AcAc) to monitor production of hyperpolarized (HP) lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate as indicators of cytosolic and mitochondrial redox, respectively. Isolated rat hearts were examined under normoxic conditions, during low-flow ischemia, and after pretreatment with either aminooxyacetate (AOA) or rotenone. All interventions were associated with an increase in [Pi]/[ATP] measured by 31P NMR. In well-oxygenated untreated hearts, rapid conversion of HP [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate and [1,3-13C2]AcAc to [1,3-13C2]β-hydroxybutyrate ([1,3-13C2]β-HB) was readily detected. A significant increase in HP [1,3-13C2]β-HB but not [1-13C]lactate was observed in rotenone-treated and ischemic hearts, consistent with an increase in mitochondrial NADH but not cytosolic NADH. AOA treatments did not alter the productions of HP [1-13C]lactate or [1,3-13C2]β-HB. This study demonstrates that biomarkers of mitochondrial and cytosolic redox may be detected simultaneously in functioning tissues using co-polarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [1,3-13C2]AcAc and 13C MRS and that changes in mitochondrial redox may precede changes in cytosolic redox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Nesmine R. Maptue
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Thomas Hever
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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9
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Savic D, Ball V, Holzner L, Hauton D, Timm KN, Curtis MK, Heather LC, Tyler DJ. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance shows that the anti-ischemic drug meldonium leads to increased flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase in vivo resulting in improved post-ischemic function in the diabetic heart. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4471. [PMID: 33458907 PMCID: PMC8609426 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The diabetic heart has a decreased ability to metabolize glucose. The anti-ischemic drug meldonium may provide a route to counteract this by reducing l-carnitine levels, resulting in improved cardiac glucose utilization. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use the novel technique of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance to investigate the in vivo effects of treatment with meldonium on cardiac metabolism and function in control and diabetic rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were injected either with vehicle, or with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) to induce a model of type 1 diabetes. Daily treatment with either saline or meldonium (100 mg/kg/day) was undertaken for three weeks. in vivo cardiac function and metabolism were assessed with CINE MRI and hyperpolarized magnetic resonance respectively. Isolated perfused hearts were challenged with low-flow ischemia/reperfusion to assess the impact of meldonium on post-ischemic recovery. Meldonium had no significant effect on blood glucose concentrations or on baseline cardiac function. However, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance revealed that meldonium treatment elevated pyruvate dehydrogenase flux by 3.1-fold and 1.2-fold in diabetic and control animals, respectively, suggesting an increase in cardiac glucose oxidation. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance further demonstrated that meldonium reduced the normalized acetylcarnitine signal by 2.1-fold in both diabetic and control animals. The increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux in vivo was accompanied by an improvement in post-ischemic function ex vivo, as meldonium elevated the rate pressure product by 1.3-fold and 1.5-fold in the control and diabetic animals, respectively. In conclusion, meldonium improves in vivo pyruvate dehydrogenase flux in the diabetic heart, contributing to improved cardiac recovery after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Savic
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Vicky Ball
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lorenz Holzner
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - David Hauton
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Metabolomics Research Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Kerstin N. Timm
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - M. Kate Curtis
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lisa C. Heather
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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10
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Koh AS, Kovalik JP. Metabolomics and cardiovascular imaging: a combined approach for cardiovascular ageing. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:1738-1750. [PMID: 33783981 PMCID: PMC8120371 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to explore how metabolomics can help uncover new biomarkers and mechanisms for cardiovascular ageing. Cardiovascular ageing refers to cardiovascular structural and functional alterations that occur with chronological ageing and that can lead to the development of cardiovascular disease. These alterations, which were previously only detectable on tissue histology or corroborated on blood samples, are now detectable with modern imaging techniques. Despite the emergence of powerful new imaging tools, clinical investigation into cardiovascular ageing is challenging because ageing is a life course phenomenon involving known and unknown risk factors that play out in a dynamic fashion. Metabolomic profiling measures large numbers of metabolites with diverse chemical properties. Metabolomics has the potential to capture changes in biochemistry brought about by pathophysiologic processes as well as by normal ageing. When combined with non-invasive cardiovascular imaging tools, metabolomics can be used to understand pathological consequences of cardiovascular ageing. This review will summarize previous metabolomics and imaging studies in cardiovascular ageing. These methods may be a clinically relevant and novel approach to identify mechanisms of cardiovascular ageing and formulate or personalize treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Koh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Abstract
One of the characteristics of the failing human heart is a significant alteration in its energy metabolism. Recently, a ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) has been implicated in the failing heart’s energy metabolism as an alternative “fuel source.” Utilization of β-OHB in the failing heart increases, and this serves as a “fuel switch” that has been demonstrated to become an adaptive response to stress during the heart failure progression in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In addition to serving as an alternative “fuel,” β-OHB represents a signaling molecule that acts as an endogenous histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. It can increase histone acetylation or lysine acetylation of other signaling molecules. β-OHB has been shown to decrease the production of reactive oxygen species and activate autophagy. Moreover, β-OHB works as an NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome inhibitor and reduces Nlrp3-mediated inflammatory responses. It has also been reported that β-OHB plays a role in transcriptional or post-translational regulations of various genes’ expression. Increasing β-OHB levels prior to ischemia/reperfusion injury results in a reduced infarct size in rodents, likely due to the signaling function of β-OHB in addition to its role in providing energy. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to exert strong beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. They are also capable of increasing the production of β-OHB, which may partially explain their clinical efficacy. Despite all of the beneficial effects of β-OHB, some studies have shown detrimental effects of long-term exposure to β-OHB. Furthermore, not all means of increasing β-OHB levels in the heart are equally effective in treating heart failure. The best timing and therapeutic strategies for the delivery of β-OHB to treat heart disease are unknown and yet to be determined. In this review, we focus on the crucial role of ketone bodies, particularly β-OHB, as both an energy source and a signaling molecule in the stressed heart and the overall therapeutic potential of this compound for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Yoshihara HAI, Bastiaansen JAM, Karlsson M, Lerche MH, Comment A, Schwitter J. Detection of myocardial medium-chain fatty acid oxidation and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity with hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]octanoate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4243. [PMID: 31904900 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the heart mainly relies on fatty acid oxidation to meet its energy needs. Changes in myocardial fuel preference are noted in the diseased and failing heart. The magnetic resonance signal enhancement provided by spin hyperpolarization allows the metabolism of substrates labeled with carbon-13 to be followed in real time in vivo. Although the low water solubility of long-chain fatty acids abrogates their hyperpolarization by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, medium-chain fatty acids have sufficient solubility to be efficiently polarized and dissolved. In this study, we investigated the applicability of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]octanoate to measure myocardial medium-chain fatty acid metabolism in vivo. Scanning rats infused with a bolus of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]octanoate, the primary metabolite observed in the heart was identified as [1-13 C]acetylcarnitine. Additionally, [5-13 C]glutamate and [5-13 C]citrate could be respectively resolved in seven and five of 31 experiments, demonstrating the incorporation of oxidation products of octanoate into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. A variable drop in blood pressure was observed immediately following the bolus injection, and this drop correlated with a decrease in normalized acetylcarnitine signal (acetylcarnitine/octanoate). Increasing the delay before infusion moderated the decrease in blood pressure, which was attributed to the presence of residual gas bubbles in the octanoate solution. No significant difference in normalized acetylcarnitine signal was apparent between fed and 12-hour fasted rats. Compared with a solution in buffer, the longitudinal relaxation of [1-13 C]octanoate was accelerated ~3-fold in blood and by the addition of serum albumin. These results demonstrate the potential of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]octanoate to probe myocardial medium-chain fatty acid metabolism as well as some of the limitations that may accompany its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari A I Yoshihara
- Division of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica A M Bastiaansen
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Albeda Research ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathilde H Lerche
- Albeda Research ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- General Electric Healthcare, Chalfont St Giles, UK
| | - Juerg Schwitter
- Division of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cardiac MR Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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