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Cherif C, Nguyen DT, Paris C, Le TK, Sefiane T, Carbuccia N, Finetti P, Chaffanet M, Kaoutari AE, Vernerey J, Fazli L, Gleave M, Manai M, Barthélémy P, Birnbaum D, Bertucci F, Taïeb D, Rocchi P. Menin inhibition suppresses castration-resistant prostate cancer and enhances chemosensitivity. Oncogene 2021; 41:125-137. [PMID: 34711954 PMCID: PMC8724010 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disease progression and therapeutic resistance of prostate cancer (PC) are linked to multiple molecular events that promote survival and plasticity. We previously showed that heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) acted as a driver of castration-resistant phenotype (CRPC) and developed an oligonucleotides antisense (ASO) against HSP27 with evidence of anti-cancer activity in men with CRPC. Here, we show that the tumor suppressor Menin (MEN1) is highly regulated by HSP27. Menin is overexpressed in high-grade PC and CRPC. High MEN1 mRNA expression is associated with decreased biochemical relapse-free and overall survival. Silencing Menin with ASO technology inhibits CRPC cell proliferation, tumor growth, and restores chemotherapeutic sensitivity. ChIP-seq analysis revealed differential DNA binding sites of Menin in various prostatic cells, suggesting a switch from tumor suppressor to oncogenic functions in CRPC. These data support the evaluation of ASO against Menin for CRPC. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaïma Cherif
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science University of Tunis, 2092, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dang Tan Nguyen
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Clément Paris
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Thi Khanh Le
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Thibaud Sefiane
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Carbuccia
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Max Chaffanet
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Abdessamad El Kaoutari
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Julien Vernerey
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ladan Fazli
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mohamed Manai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science University of Tunis, 2092, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- ARNA Laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, University of Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - David Taïeb
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France.,Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine Department, La Timone University Hospital, European Center for Research in Medical Imaging, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Palma Rocchi
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France.
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Teinturier R, Abou Ziki R, Kassem L, Luo Y, Malbeteau L, Gherardi S, Corbo L, Bertolino P, Bachelot T, Treilleux I, Zhang CX, Le Romancer M. Reduced menin expression leads to decreased ERα expression and is correlated with the occurrence of human luminal B-like and ER-negative breast cancer subtypes. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 190:389-401. [PMID: 34561764 PMCID: PMC8558183 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Menin, encoded by the MEN1 gene, was recently reported to be involved in breast cancers, though the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the current study, we sought to further determine its role in mammary cells. Methods Menin expression in mammary lesions from mammary-specific Men1 mutant mice was detected using immunofluorescence staining. RT-qPCR and western blot were performed to determine the role of menin in ERα expression in human breast cancer cell lines. ChIP-qPCR and reporter gene assays were carried out to dissect the action of menin on the proximal ESR1 promoter. Menin expression in female patients with breast cancer was analyzed and its correlation with breast cancer subtypes was investigated. Results Immunofluorescence staining revealed that early mammary neoplasia in Men1 mutant mice displayed weak ERα expression. Furthermore, MEN1 silencing led to both reduced ESR1 mRNA and ERα protein expression in MCF7 and T47D cells. To further dissect the regulation of ESR1 transcription by menin, we examined whether and in which way menin could regulate the proximal ESR1 promoter, which has not been fully explored. Using ChIP analysis and reporter gene assays covering − 2500 bp to + 2000 bp of the TSS position, we showed that the activity of the proximal ESR1 promoter was markedly reduced upon menin downregulation independently of H3K4me3 status. Importantly, by analyzing the expression of menin in 354 human breast cancers, we found that a lower expression was associated with ER-negative breast cancer (P = 0.041). Moreover, among the 294 ER-positive breast cancer samples, reduced menin expression was not only associated with larger tumors (P = 0.01) and higher SBR grades (P = 0.005) but also with the luminal B-like breast cancer subtype (P = 0.006). Consistent with our clinical data, we demonstrated that GATA3 and FOXA1, co-factors in ESR1 regulation, interact physically with menin in MCF7 cells, and MEN1 knockdown led to altered protein expression of GATA3, the latter being a known marker of the luminal A subtype, in MCF7 cells. Conclusion Taken together, our data provide clues to the important role of menin in ERα regulation and the formation of breast cancer subtypes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10549-021-06339-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Teinturier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Razan Abou Ziki
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Loay Kassem
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yakun Luo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Lucie Malbeteau
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Samuele Gherardi
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Corbo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Bertolino
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Bachelot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Chang Xian Zhang
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
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Zhang LQ, Liu JJ, Liu L, Fan GL, Li YN, Li QZ. The impact of gene-body H3K36me3 patterns on gene expression level changes in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Gene 2021; 802:145862. [PMID: 34352296 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a malignant clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells. Researches have exhibited that the progression of CML is related to histone modifications. Here, we perform the systematic analyses of H3K36me3 patterns and gene expression level changes. We observe that the genes with higher gene-body H3K36me3 levels in normal cells show fewer expression changes during leukemogenesis, while the genes with lower gene-body H3K36me3 levels in normal cells yield obvious expression changes during leukemogenesis (ρ = -0.98, P = 9.30 × 10-8). These findings are conserved in human lung/breast cancers and mouse CML, regardless of gene expression levels and gene lengths. Regulatory element analysis and Random Forest regression display that Hoxd13, Rara, Scl, Smad3, Smad4 and Tgif1 induce the up-regulation of genes with lower H3K36me3 levels (ρ = 0.97, P = 2.35 × 10-56). Enrichment analysis shows that the differentially expressed genes with lower H3K36me3 levels are involved in leukemia-related pathways, such as leukocyte migration and regulation of leukocyte activation. Finally, six driver genes (Tp53, Wt1, Dnmt3a, Cacna1b, Phactr1 and Gbp4) with lower H3K36me3 levels are identified. Our analyses indicate that lower gene-body H3K36me3 levels may serve as a biomarker for the progression of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical Biophysics, School oef Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Jun-Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Theoretical Biophysics, School oef Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Li Liu
- Laboratory of Theoretical Biophysics, School oef Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Guo-Liang Fan
- Laboratory of Theoretical Biophysics, School oef Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yan-Nan Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical Biophysics, School oef Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Qian-Zhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical Biophysics, School oef Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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Abou Ziki R, Luo Y, Vlaeminck-guillem V, Le Romancer M, Zhang CX. Involvement of the MEN1 Gene in Hormone-Related Cancers: Clues from Molecular Studies, Mouse Models, and Patient Investigations. Endocrines 2020; 1:58-81. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines1020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MEN1 mutation predisposes patients to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), a genetic syndrome associated with the predominant co-occurrence of endocrine tumors. Intriguingly, recent evidence has suggested that MEN1 could also be involved in the development of breast and prostate cancers, two major hormone-related cancers. The first clues as to its possible role arose from the identification of the physical and functional interactions between the menin protein, encoded by MEN1, and estrogen receptor α and androgen receptor. In parallel, our team observed that aged heterozygous Men1 mutant mice developed cancerous lesions in mammary glands of female and in the prostate of male mutant mice at low frequencies, in addition to endocrine tumors. Finally, observations made both in MEN1 patients and in sporadic breast and prostate cancers further confirmed the role played by menin in these two cancers. In this review, we present the currently available data concerning the complex and multifaceted involvement of MEN1 in these two types of hormone-dependent cancers.
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Yang W, Chi Y, Meng Y, Chen Z, Xiang R, Yan H, Yang J. FAM3A plays crucial roles in controlling PDX1 and insulin expressions in pancreatic beta cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:3915-3931. [PMID: 31944392 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902368rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
So far, the mechanism that links mitochondrial dysfunction to PDX1 inhibition in the pathogenesis of pancreatic β cell dysfunction under diabetic condition remains largely unclear. This study determined the role of mitochondrial protein FAM3A in regulating PDX1 expression in pancreatic β cells using gain- and loss-of function methods in vitro and in vivo. Within pancreas, FAM3A is highly expressed in β, α, δ, and pp cells of islets. Islet FAM3A expression was correlated with insulin expression under physiological and diabetic conditions. Mice with specific knockout of FAM3A in islet β cells exhibited markedly blunted insulin secretion and glucose intolerance. FAM3A-deficient islets showed significant decrease in PDX1 expression, and insulin expression and secretion. FAM3A overexpression upregulated PDX1 and insulin expressions, and augmented insulin secretion in cultured islets and β cells. Mechanistically, FAM3A enhanced ATP production to elevate cellular Ca2+ level and promote insulin secretion. Furthermore, FAM3A-induced ATP release activated CaM to function as a co-activator of FOXA2, stimulating PDX1 gene transcription. In conclusion, FAM3A plays crucial roles in controlling PDX1 and insulin expressions in pancreatic β cells. Inhibition of FAM3A will trigger mitochondrial dysfunction to repress PDX1 and insulin expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Chi
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Cao J, Wang X, Wang D, Ma R, Li X, Feng H, Wang J, Liu S, Wang L. PGC-1β cooperating with FOXA2 inhibits proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:93. [PMID: 31007610 PMCID: PMC6458718 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among females from the worldwide cancer incidence statistics. Peroxisome gamma coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) has long been identified to be involved in this type of tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms of PGC-1β in human breast cancer have not been fully understood and the function requires to be further elucidated. Methods mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1β and FOXA2 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines were determined by qRT-PCR and Western Blotting, respectively. To further visualize the expression and localization of PGC-1β and FOXA2, immunochemistry and immunofluorescence staining methods were employed. The effect of PGC-1β and FOXA2 on cell proliferation and migration were evaluated by CCK8, clone formation, transwell and wound-healing assays, which has been done either with stable PGC-1β knockdown or FOXA2 overexpression in vitro. Xenografts model of nude mice were used to evaluate tumor growth in vivo. In addition, proteins expression of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway involved in the regulation of breast cancer were detected by Western Blotting. Results Our results showed that PGC-1β was upregulated and FOXA2 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. These two proteins can be interacted with each other to form the complex. Also, we found the combination of PGC-1β interference with FOXA2 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. We further identified that PGC-1β and FOXA2 strongly correlated with the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, and they exerted their biological functions by activating this pathway. Conclusions We demonstrated that downregulation of PGC-1β combined with overexpression of FOXA2 obviously inhibited the function of breast cancer cells through regulating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cao
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Xi Wang
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Danni Wang
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Rong Ma
- 2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Huimin Feng
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Jia Wang
- 2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Shihai Liu
- 3Medical Animal Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Libin Wang
- 1School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China.,2Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
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Dreijerink KMA, Timmers HTM, Brown M. Twenty years of menin: emerging opportunities for restoration of transcriptional regulation in MEN1. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:T135-T145. [PMID: 28811299 PMCID: PMC5609455 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene in 1997, elucidation of the molecular function of its protein product, menin, has been a challenge. Biochemical, proteomics, genetics and genomics approaches have identified various potential roles, which converge on gene expression regulation. The most consistent findings show that menin connects transcription factors and chromatin-modifying enzymes, in particular, the histone H3K4 methyltransferase complexes MLL1 and MLL2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with next-generation sequencing has enabled studying genome-wide dynamics of chromatin binding by menin. We propose that menin regulates cell type-specific transcriptional programs by linking chromatin regulatory complexes to specific transcription factors. In this fashion, the MEN1 gene is a tumor suppressor gene in the endocrine tissues that are affected in MEN1. Recent studies have hinted at possibilities to pharmacologically restore the epigenetic changes caused by loss of menin function as therapeutic strategies for MEN1, for example, by inhibition of histone demethylases. The current lack of appropriate cellular model systems for MEN1-associated tumors is a limitation for compound testing, which needs to be addressed in the near future. In this review, we look back at the past twenty years of research on menin and the mechanism of disease of MEN1. In addition, we discuss how the current understanding of the molecular function of menin offers future directions to develop novel treatments for MEN1-associated endocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen M A Dreijerink
- Department of EndocrinologyVU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H T Marc Timmers
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site FreiburgGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical OncologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
The identification of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene in 1997 has shown that germline heterozygous mutations in the MEN1 gene located on chromosome 11q13 predisposes to the development of tumors in the MEN1 syndrome. Tumor development occurs upon loss of the remaining normal copy of the MEN1 gene in MEN1-target tissues. Therefore, MEN1 is a classic tumor suppressor gene in the context of MEN1. This tumor suppressor role of the protein encoded by the MEN1 gene, menin, holds true in mouse models with germline heterozygous Men1 loss, wherein MEN1-associated tumors develop in adult mice after spontaneous loss of the remaining non-targeted copy of the Men1 gene. The availability of genetic testing for mutations in the MEN1 gene has become an essential part of the diagnosis and management of MEN1. Genetic testing is also helping to exclude mutation-negative cases in MEN1 families from the burden of lifelong clinical screening. In the past 20 years, efforts of various groups world-wide have been directed at mutation analysis, molecular genetic studies, mouse models, gene expression studies, epigenetic regulation analysis, biochemical studies and anti-tumor effects of candidate therapies in mouse models. This review will focus on the findings and advances from these studies to identify MEN1 germline and somatic mutations, the genetics of MEN1-related states, several protein partners of menin, the three-dimensional structure of menin and menin-dependent target genes. The ongoing impact of all these studies on disease prediction, management and outcomes will continue in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita K Agarwal
- Metabolic Diseases BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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