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Pavlíková N, Šrámek J, Jaček M, Kovář J, Němcová V. Targets for pollutants in rat and human pancreatic beta-cells: The effect of prolonged exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers on the expression of function- and survival-related proteins. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 104:104299. [PMID: 37865351 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Decades after most countries banned hexachlorocyclohexane, HCH isomers still pollute the environment. Many studies described HCH as a pro-diabetic factor; nevertheless, the effect of HCH isomers on pancreatic beta-cells remains unexplored. This study investigated the effects of a one-month exposure to α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH on protein expression in human (NES2Y) and rat (INS1E) pancreatic beta-cell lines. α-HCH and γ-HCH increased proinsulin and insulin levels in INS1E cells, while β-HCH showed the opposite trend. α-HCH altered the expression of PKA, ATF3, and PLIN2. β-HCH affected the expression of GLUT1, GLUT2, PKA, ATF3, p-eIF2α, ATP-CL, and PLIN2. γ-HCH altered the expression of PKA, ATF3, PLIN2, PLIN5, and IDH1. From the tested proteins, PKA, ATF3, and PLIN-2 were the most sensitive to HCH exposure and have the potential to be used as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Pavlíková
- Departement of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Šrámek
- Departement of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jaček
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovář
- Departement of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Němcová
- Departement of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Liu X, Li C, Hou C, Jiang Y, Chen F, Zhu Y, Zou L. Dissecting the effects of paraquat-induced pulmonary injury in rats using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based metabonomics. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:527-538. [PMID: 37397915 PMCID: PMC10311158 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic compound that selectively accumulates in the lungs, inducing severe pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. However, data on the metabolomic changes induced by the PQ remain scant. This study aimed to determine the metabolic changes in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to PQ using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Methods We established groups of PQ-induced pulmonary injury rats for 14 or 28 days. Results Our data showed that PQ decreased the survival of the rats and induced pulmonary inflammation at day 14 or pulmonary fibrosis at day 28. There was upregulation of IL-1β expression in the inflammation group as well as upregulation of fibronectin, collagen and α-SMA in the pulmonary fibrosis group. OPLS-DA revealed differential expression of 26 metabotites between the normal and the inflammation groups; 31 plasma metabotites were also differently expressed between the normal and the fibrosis groups. There was high expression of lysoPc160-, hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, stearic acid, and imidazolelactic acid in the pulmonary injury group compared to the normal group. Conclusion Metabolomics analysis confirmed that the PQ-induced lung injury was not only related to the aggravation of inflammation and apoptosis but also to mediated histidine, serine, glycerophospholipid, and lipid metabolism. This study gives insights into the mechanisms of PQ-induced lung injury and highlights the potential therapeutic targets. Nonstructured abstract The effect of PQ on lung injury in rats was detected by metabonomics, and the possible metabolic mechanism was investigated by KEGG analysis. OPLS-DA revealed the differential expression of 26 metabotites and 31 plasma metabotites between the normal and the pulmonary injury groups. Metabolomics analysis confirmed that the PQ-induced lung injury was not only related to the aggravation of inflammation and apoptosis but also to mediated histidine, serine, glycerophospholipid, and lipid metabolism. Oleoylethanolamine, stearic acid, and imidazolelactic acid are potential molecular markers in PQ-induced pulmonary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiehong Liu
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Chi Li
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Changmiao Hou
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 113 Shaoshan Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410000, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Lianhong Zou
- Corresponding author: Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China.
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Guo R, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Su S, Zhao Q, Chu X, Li S, Lu H, Sun C. TCONS_00230836 silencing restores stearic acid-induced β cell dysfunction through alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress rather than apoptosis. Genes Nutr 2021; 16:8. [PMID: 34022799 PMCID: PMC8140511 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-021-00685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure of pancreatic β cells to high levels of stearic acid (C18:0) leads to impaired insulin secretion, which accelerates the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were found to participate in saturated fatty acid-induced metabolism dysfunction. However, their contribution to stearic acid-induced β-cell dysfunction remains largely unknown. This study evaluated the possible role of the lncRNA TCONS_00230836 in stearic acid-stimulated lipotoxicity to β cells. METHOD Using high-throughput RNA-sequencing, TCONS_00230836 was screened out as being exclusively differentially expressed in stearic acid-treated mouse β-TC6 cells. Co-expression network was constructed to reveal the potential mRNAs targeted for lncRNA TCONS_00230836. Changes in this lncRNA's and candidate mRNAs' levels were further assessed by real-time PCR in stearic acid-treated β-TC6 cells and islets of mice fed a high-stearic-acid diet (HSD). The localization of TCONS_00230836 was detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The endogenous lncRNA TCONS_00230836 in β-TC6 cells was abrogated by its Smart Silencer. RESULTS TCONS_00230836 was enriched in mouse islets and mainly localized in the cytoplasm. Its expression was significantly increased in stearic acid-treated β-TC6 cells and HSD-fed mouse islets. Knockdown of TCONS_00230836 significantly restored stearic acid-impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, stearic acid-induced β cell apoptosis was not obviously recovered. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the involvement of TCONS_00230836 in stearic acid-induced β-cell dysfunction, which provides novel insight into stearic acid-induced lipotoxicity to β cells. Anti-lncRNA TCONS_00230836 might be a new therapeutic strategy for alleviating stearic acid-induced β-cell dysfunction in the progression of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghan Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingrui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglong Li
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Huimin Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang province, 150081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang province, 150081, People's Republic of China.
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Šrámek J, Němcová-Fürstová V, Kovář J. Molecular Mechanisms of Apoptosis Induction and Its Regulation by Fatty Acids in Pancreatic β-Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4285. [PMID: 33924206 PMCID: PMC8074590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell failure and death contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. One of the main factors responsible for β-cell dysfunction and subsequent cell death is chronic exposure to increased concentrations of FAs (fatty acids). The effect of FAs seems to depend particularly on the degree of their saturation. Saturated FAs induce apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells, whereas unsaturated FAs are well tolerated and are even capable of inhibiting the pro-apoptotic effect of saturated FAs. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by saturated FAs in β-cells are not completely elucidated. Saturated FAs induce ER stress, which in turn leads to activation of all ER stress pathways. When ER stress is severe or prolonged, apoptosis is induced. The main mediator seems to be the CHOP transcription factor. Via regulation of expression/activity of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, and potentially also through the increase in ROS production, CHOP switches on the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis induction. ER stress signalling also possibly leads to autophagy signalling, which may activate caspase-8. Saturated FAs activate or inhibit various signalling pathways, i.e., p38 MAPK signalling, ERK signalling, ceramide signalling, Akt signalling and PKCδ signalling. This may lead to the activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, as well. Particularly, the inhibition of the pro-survival Akt signalling seems to play an important role. This inhibition may be mediated by multiple pathways (e.g., ER stress signalling, PKCδ and ceramide) and could also consequence in autophagy signalling. Experimental evidence indicates the involvement of certain miRNAs in mechanisms of FA-induced β-cell apoptosis, as well. In the rather rare situations when unsaturated FAs are also shown to be pro-apoptotic, the mechanisms mediating this effect in β-cells seem to be the same as for saturated FAs. To conclude, FA-induced apoptosis rather appears to be preceded by complex cross talks of multiple signalling pathways. Some of these pathways may be regulated by decreased membrane fluidity due to saturated FA incorporation. Few data are available concerning molecular mechanisms mediating the protective effect of unsaturated FAs on the effect of saturated FAs. It seems that the main possible mechanism represents a rather inhibitory intervention into saturated FA-induced pro-apoptotic signalling than activation of some pro-survival signalling pathway(s) or metabolic interference in β-cells. This inhibitory intervention may be due to an increase of membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šrámek
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Vlasta Němcová-Fürstová
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Kokotou MG, Kokotos AC, Gkikas D, Mountanea OG, Mantzourani C, Almutairi A, Lei X, Ramanadham S, Politis PK, Kokotos G. Saturated Hydroxy Fatty Acids Exhibit a Cell Growth Inhibitory Activity and Suppress the Cytokine-Induced β-Cell Apoptosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12666-12681. [PMID: 33124824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The field of bioactive lipids is ever expanding with discoveries of novel lipid molecules that promote human health. Adopting a lipidomic-assisted approach, two new families of previously unrecognized saturated hydroxy fatty acids (SHFAs), namely, hydroxystearic and hydroxypalmitic acids, consisting of isomers with the hydroxyl group at different positions, were identified in milk. Among the various regio-isomers synthesized, those carrying the hydroxyl at the 7- and 9-positions presented growth inhibitory activities against various human cancer cell lines, including A549, Caco-2, and SF268 cells. In addition, 7- and 9-hydroxystearic acids were able to suppress β-cell apoptosis induced by proinflammatory cytokines, increasing the possibility that they can be beneficial in countering autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. 7-(R)-Hydroxystearic acid exhibited the highest potency both in cell growth inhibition and in suppressing β-cell death. We propose that such naturally occurring SHFAs may play a role in the promotion and protection of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroula G Kokotou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Alexandros C Kokotos
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gkikas
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Olga G Mountanea
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Christiana Mantzourani
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Abdulaziz Almutairi
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Kokotos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
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