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González LO, Eiro N, Fraile M, Beridze N, Escaf AR, Escaf S, Fernández-Gómez JM, Vizoso FJ. Prostate Cancer Tumor Stroma: Responsibility in Tumor Biology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4412. [PMID: 36139572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The crosstalk between prostate stroma and its epithelium is essential to tissue homeostasis. Likewise, reciprocal signaling between tumor cells and the stromal compartment is required in tumor progression to facilitate or stimulate key processes such as cell proliferation and invasion. The aim of the present work was to review the current state of knowledge on the significance of tumor stroma in the genesis, progression and therapeutic response of prostate carcinoma. Additionally, we addressed the future therapeutic opportunities. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer among males globally, and its occurrence is growing worldwide. Clinical decisions about the combination of therapies are becoming highly relevant. However, this is a heterogeneous disease, ranging widely in prognosis. Therefore, new approaches are needed based on tumor biology, from which further prognostic assessments can be established and complementary strategies can be identified. The knowledge of both the morphological structure and functional biology of the PCa stroma compartment can provide new diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic possibilities. In the present review, we analyzed the aspects related to the tumor stromal component (both acellular and cellular) in PCa, their influence on tumor behavior and the therapeutic response and their consideration as a new therapeutic target.
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Natani S, Sruthi KK, Asha SM, Khilar P, Lakshmi PSV, Ummanni R. Activation of TGF-β - SMAD2 signaling by IL-6 drives neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer through p38MAPK. Cell Signal 2022; 91:110240. [PMID: 34986386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive, androgen independent PCa and it is detected in patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine elevated in PCa patients promotes neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). In this study, PCa cells were differentiated with IL-6 in in-vitro to identify novel targets or signaling pathways associated with emergence of NEPC on deprivation of androgens. From the results, we observed an activation of TGF-β signaling pathway is altered through multiple proteins in differentiated LNCaP cells. Hence, we investigated the role of TGF-β axis in PCa cells differentiation. LNCaP cells treated with IL-6 in androgens deprived media release excess TGF-β ligand and this as conditioned media added to cells stimulated NED of PCa cells. TGF-β released by IL-6 stimulated cells activate p38MAPK through SMAD2 thereby promote NED. Inhibition of TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII signaling activation in LNCaP cells treated with IL-6 did not reversed the NED of cells, possibly due to the reason that the inhibition of TGF-β axis is further activating p38MAPK through SMAD independent manner in PCa cells. However, siRNA mediated knock down or inhibition p38MAPK inactivated TGF-β - SMAD axis in differentiating cells and attenuated NED of LNCaP cells. This result suggests that p38MAPK is the central node for receiving IL-6 signals and promotes NED of LNCaP cells in androgens free media. Remarkably, downregulation or inhibition of p38MAPK in NCI-H660 reversed NED characteristics as well as markers along with inactivation of SMAD2 whereas no effect observed in WPMY-1 normal prostate cells. Taken together these findings unveil that p38MAPK and its upstream regulators are potential targets to overcome the progression of NED of PCa and develop novel therapeutic measures along ADT for effective treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Natani
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - K K Sruthi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sakkarai Mohamed Asha
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Khilar
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pampana Sandhya Venkata Lakshmi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Wang L, Xu Y, Zhang L, Kang K, Kobryn A, Portman K, Gordon RE, Pan PY, Taioli E, Aaronson SA, Chen SH, Mulholland DJ. World Trade Center dust exposure promotes cancer in PTEN-deficient mouse prostates. Cancer Res Commun 2022; 2:518-532. [PMID: 35911788 PMCID: PMC9336209 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the 9/11 attacks individuals were exposed to World Trade Center (WTC) dust which contained a complex mixture of carcinogens. Epidemiological studies have revealed the increased incidence of prostate and thyroid cancer in WTC survivors and responders. While reports have shown that WTC-dust associates with the increased prevalence of inflammatory related disorders, studies to date have not determined whether this exposure impacts cancer progression. In this study, we have used genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models with prostate specific deletion of the PTEN tumor suppressor to study the impact of WTC-dust exposure on deposition of dust particles, inflammation, and cancer progression. In normal C57/BL6 mice, dust exposure increased cellular expression of inflammatory genes with highest levels in the lung and peripheral blood. In normal and tumor bearing GEM mice, increased immune cell infiltration to the lungs was observed. Pathological evaluation of mice at different time points showed that WTC-dust exposure promoted PI3K-AKT activation, increased epithelial proliferation and acinar invasion in prostates with heterozygous and homozygous Pten loss. Using autochthonous and transplant GEM models of prostate cancer we demonstrated that dust exposure caused reduced survival as compared to control cohorts. Finally, we used imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to detect elevated immune cell infiltration and cellular expression of inflammatory markers in prostate tumors isolated from human WTC survivors. Collectively, our study shows that chronic inflammation, induced by WTC dust exposure, promotes more aggressive cancer in genetically predisposed prostates and potentially in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yitian Xu
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyeongah Kang
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Andriy Kobryn
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kensey Portman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ronald E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - David J Mulholland
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York
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Natani S, Dhople VM, Parveen A, Sruthi KK, Khilar P, Bhukya S, Ummanni R. AMPK/SIRT1 signaling through p38MAPK mediates Interleukin-6 induced neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2021; 1868:119085. [PMID: 34171447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive form of androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC), correlated with therapeutic resistance. Interleukin (IL)-6 promotes proliferation and neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of androgen dependent LNCaP cells. We treated LNCaP cells with IL-6 and observed for in vitro NED of cells and also expression of NE markers βIII tubulin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and chromogranin A (ChA). Here we investigated the proteins and/or pathways involved in NED of LNCaP cells induced by IL-6 and characterized their role in NED of PCa cells. We found that the altered proteins modulated AMPK signaling pathway in NE cells. Remarkably, IL-6 induces NED of LNCaP cells through activation of AMPK and SIRT1 and also both of these are co-regulated while playing a predominant role in NED of LNCaP cells. Of the few requirements of AMPK-SIRT1 activation, increased eNOS is essential for NED by elevating Nitric oxide (NO) levels. Pleiotropic effects of NO ultimately regulate p38MAPK in IL-6 induced NED. Hence, IL-6 induced AMPK-SIRT1 activation eventually transfers its activation signals through p38MAPK for advancing NED of LNCaP cells. Moreover, inactivation of p38MAPK with specific inhibitor (SB203580) attenuated IL-6 induced NED of LNCaP cells. Therefore, IL-6 promotes NED of PCa cells via AMPK/SIRT1/p38MAPK signaling. Finally, targeting AMPK-SIRT1 or p38MAPK in androgen independent PC3 cells with neuroendocrine features reversed their neuroendocrine characteristics. Taken together these novel findings reveal that targeting p38MAPK mitigated NED of PCa cells, and thus it can be a favorable target to overcome progression of NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Natani
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vishnu M Dhople
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Asha Parveen
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - K K Sruthi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Khilar
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Supriya Bhukya
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Bahmad HF, Jalloul M, Azar J, Moubarak MM, Samad TA, Mukherji D, Al-Sayegh M, Abou-Kheir W. Tumor Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer: Toward Identification of Novel Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:652747. [PMID: 33841508 PMCID: PMC8033163 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is by far the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Despite sensitivity to androgen deprivation, patients with advanced disease eventually develop resistance to therapy and may die of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A key challenge in the management of PCa is the clinical heterogeneity that is hard to predict using existing biomarkers. Defining molecular biomarkers for PCa that can reliably aid in diagnosis and distinguishing patients who require aggressive therapy from those who should avoid overtreatment is a significant unmet need. Mechanisms underlying the development of PCa are not confined to cancer epithelial cells, but also involve the tumor microenvironment. The crosstalk between epithelial cells and stroma in PCa has been shown to play an integral role in disease progression and metastasis. A number of key markers of reactive stroma has been identified including stem/progenitor cell markers, stromal-derived mediators of inflammation, regulators of angiogenesis, connective tissue growth factors, wingless homologs (Wnts), and integrins. Here, we provide a synopsis of the stromal-epithelial crosstalk in PCa focusing on the relevant molecular biomarkers pertaining to the tumor microenvironment and their role in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Mohammad Jalloul
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya M Moubarak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Abdul Samad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Al-Sayegh
- Biology Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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6
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Dovey ZS, Nair SS, Chakravarty D, Tewari AK. Racial disparity in prostate cancer in the African American population with actionable ideas and novel immunotherapies. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1340. [PMID: 33599076 PMCID: PMC8551995 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African Americans (AAs) in the United States are known to have a higher incidence and mortality for Prostate Cancer (PCa). The drivers of this epidemiological disparity are multifactorial, including socioeconomic factors leading to lifestyle and dietary issues, healthcare access problems, and potentially tumor biology. Recent findings Although recent evidence suggests once access is equal, AA men have equal outcomes to Caucasian American (CA) men, differences in PCa incidence remain, and there is much to do to reverse disparities in mortality across the USA. A deeper understanding of these issues, both at the clinical and molecular level, can facilitate improved outcomes in the AA population. This review first discusses PCa oncogenesis in the context of its diverse hallmarks before benchmarking key molecular and genomic differences for PCa in AA men that have emerged in the recent literature. Studies have emphasized the importance of tumor microenvironment that contributes to both the unequal cancer burden and differences in clinical outcome between the races. Management of comorbidities like obesity, hypertension, and diabetes will provide an essential means of reducing prostate cancer incidence in AA men. Although requiring further AA specific research, several new treatment strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors used in combination PARP inhibitors and other emerging vaccines, including Sipuleucel‐T, have demonstrated some proven efficacy. Conclusion Genomic profiling to integrate clinical and genomic data for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment will allow physicians to plan a “Precision Medicine” approach to AA men. There is a pressing need for further research for risk stratification, which may allow early identification of AA men with higher risk disease based on their unique clinical, genomic, and immunological profiles, which can then be mapped to appropriate clinical trials. Treatment options are outlined, with a concise description of recent work in AA specific populations, detailing several targeted therapies, including immunotherapy. Also, a summary of current clinical trials involving AA men is presented, and it is important that policies are adopted to ensure that AA men are actively recruited. Although it is encouraging that many of these explore the lifestyle and educational initiatives and therapeutic interventions, there is much still work to be done to reduce incidence and mortality in AA men and equalize current racial disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Dovey
- The Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sujit S Nair
- The Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dimple Chakravarty
- The Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- The Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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7
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Mancuso F, Lage S, Rasero J, Díaz-Ramón JL, Apraiz A, Pérez-Yarza G, Ezkurra PA, Penas C, Sánchez-Diez A, García-Vazquez MD, Gardeazabal J, Izu R, Mujika K, Cortés J, Asumendi A, Boyano MD. Serum markers improve current prediction of metastasis development in early-stage melanoma patients: a machine learning-based study. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1705-1718. [PMID: 32485045 PMCID: PMC7400797 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis development represents an important threat for melanoma patients, even when diagnosed at early stages and upon removal of the primary tumor. In this scenario, determination of prognostic biomarkers would be of great interest. Serum contains information about the general status of the organism and therefore represents a valuable source for biomarkers. Thus, we aimed to define serological biomarkers that could be used along with clinical and histopathological features of the disease to predict metastatic events on the early‐stage population of patients. We previously demonstrated that in stage II melanoma patients, serum levels of dermcidin (DCD) were associated with metastatic progression. Based on the relevance of the immune response on the cancer progression and the recent association of DCD with local and systemic immune response against cancer cells, serum DCD was analyzed in a new cohort of patients along with interleukin 4 (IL‐4), IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17A, interferon γ (IFN‐γ), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐ β), and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). We initially recruited 448 melanoma patients, 323 of whom were diagnosed as stages I‐II according to AJCC. Levels of selected cytokines were determined by ELISA and Luminex, and obtained data were analyzed employing machine learning and Kaplan–Meier techniques to define an algorithm capable of accurately classifying early‐stage melanoma patients with a high and low risk of developing metastasis. The results show that in early‐stage melanoma patients, serum levels of the cytokines IL‐4, GM‐CSF, and DCD together with the Breslow thickness are those that best predict melanoma metastasis. Moreover, resulting algorithm represents a new tool to discriminate subjects with good prognosis from those with high risk for a future metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Mancuso
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Sergio Lage
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Rasero
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - José Luis Díaz-Ramón
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Aintzane Apraiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Gorka Pérez-Yarza
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Pilar Ariadna Ezkurra
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Cristina Penas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Diez
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Gardeazabal
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Rosa Izu
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karmele Mujika
- Department of Medical Oncology, Onkologikoa Hospital, Donostia, Spain.,Biodonostia Institute, Donostia, Spain
| | - Jesús Cortés
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Aintzane Asumendi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - María Dolores Boyano
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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8
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Zu T, Wen J, Xu L, Li H, Mi J, Li H, Brakebusch C, Fisher DE, Wu X. Up-Regulation of Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Human Fibroblasts Inhibits Melanoma Cell Growth and Migration Through a Paracrine Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:624. [PMID: 32373541 PMCID: PMC7187895 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of melanoma has remained a difficult challenge. Targeting the tumor stroma has recently attracted attention for developing novel strategies for melanoma therapy. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) plays a crucial role in regulating tumorigenesis and development, but whether the expression of ATF3 in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) can affect melanoma development hasn't been studied. Our results show that ATF3 expression is downregulated in stromal cells of human melanoma. HDFs expressing high levels of ATF3 suppressed the growth and migration of melanoma cells in association with downregulation of different cytokines including IL-6 in vitro. In vivo, HDFs with high ATF3 expression reduced tumor formation. Adding recombinant IL-6 to melanoma cells reversed those in vitro and in vivo effects, suggesting that ATF3 expression by HDFs regulates melanoma progression through the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. More importantly, HDFs pretreated with cyclosporine A or phenformin to induce ATF3 expression inhibited melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our study reveals that ATF3 suppresses human melanoma growth and that inducing the expression of ATF3 in HDFs can inhibit melanoma growth, a new potential melanoma therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjian Zu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Hawley JE, Pan S, Figg WD, Lopez-Bujanda ZA, Strope JD, Aggen DA, Dallos MC, Lim EA, Stein MN, Hu J, Drake CG. Association between immunosuppressive cytokines and PSA progression in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer treated with intermittent hormonal therapy. Prostate 2020; 80:336-344. [PMID: 31899823 PMCID: PMC6980998 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive cytokines have the potential to promote prostate cancer progression. Assessing their longitudinal changes may implicate mechanisms of progression, treatment resistance, and suggest new therapeutic targets. METHODS Thirty-seven men with biochemically recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer who received 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and were monitored until the time to prostate-specific antigen progression (TTPP) were identified from a completed phase III trial (NCT00020085). Serum samples were archived at baseline, 3 months after ADT, and at TTPP. Cytokine concentrations were quantified using a 36-parameter electrochemiluminescence assay. The Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test was used to compare observations between time points. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate TTPP dichotomized by cytokine values above or below the median. Pearson's rank correlation coefficient was used to compare continuous variables. RESULTS Median TTPP was 399 days (range, 114-1641). Median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at baseline and progression were 8.5 and 5.3 ng/mL, respectively. Twenty-three patients (62%) achieved undetectable PSA with ADT. Castrate levels of testosterone (<50 ng/dL) after 3 months of ADT occurred in 35 patients (95%). TNF-α (P = .002), IL-23 (P = .002), and CXCL10 (P = .001) significantly increased from baseline to post ADT. Certain cytokines correlated longitudinally: TNF-α correlated with IL-23 (r = .72; P < .001) and IL-8 (r = .59; P < .001) from baseline to post ADT and to PSA progression. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio correlated with IL-27 (r = .57; P < .001) and MIP-3α (r = .56; P < .001). Patients with a detectable PSA after ADT had elevated levels of IL-6 (P = .049) and IL-8 (P = .013) at PSA progression as compared with those with an undetectable PSA. There was a trend toward shorter TTPP in patients with TNF-α levels above the median (P = .042). CONCLUSIONS Several innate cytokines were associated with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Hawley
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
- Corresponding Authors: Jessica E. Hawley, MD, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology / Oncology, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 6GN-435, New York, NY 10032, Phone: 212-305-2637, Fax: 212-305-3035, ; Charles G. Drake, MD PhD, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology / Oncology, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 6GN-435, New York, NY 10032, Phone: 212-305-2055, Fax: 212-305-3035,
| | - Samuel Pan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
| | - William D. Figg
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Zoila A. Lopez-Bujanda
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21287
| | - Jonathan D. Strope
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - David A. Aggen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
| | - Matthew C. Dallos
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
| | - Emerson A. Lim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
| | - Mark N. Stein
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
| | - Charles G. Drake
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032
- Corresponding Authors: Jessica E. Hawley, MD, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology / Oncology, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 6GN-435, New York, NY 10032, Phone: 212-305-2637, Fax: 212-305-3035, ; Charles G. Drake, MD PhD, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology / Oncology, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 6GN-435, New York, NY 10032, Phone: 212-305-2055, Fax: 212-305-3035,
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Yang XG, Zhu LC, Wang YJ, Li YY, Wang D. Current Advance of Therapeutic Agents in Clinical Trials Potentially Targeting Tumor Plasticity. Front Oncol 2019; 9:887. [PMID: 31552191 PMCID: PMC6746935 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor plasticity refers to tumor cell's inherent property of transforming one type of cell to different types of cells. Tumor plasticity is the main cause of tumor relapse, metastasis and drug resistance. Cancer stem cell (CSC) model embodies the trait of tumor plasticity. During carcinoma progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays crucial role in the formation of CSCs and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) based on epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. And the unique tumor microenvironment (TME) not only provides suitable niche for CSCs but promotes the building of CSCs and VM that nourishes tumor tissue together with neoplasm metabolism by affecting tumor plasticity. Therapeutic strategies targeting tumor plasticity are promising ways to treat malignant tumor. In this article, we discuss the recent developments of potential drug targets related to CSCs, EMT, TME, VM, and metabolic pathways and summarize drugs that target these areas in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lan-Cao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Abstract
It is now well established that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that constitute a large part of the proteome across the three kingdoms, play critical roles in several biological processes including phenotypic switching. However, dysregulated expression of IDPs that engage in promiscuous interactions can lead to pathological states. In this chapter, using cancer as a paradigm, we discuss how IDP conformational dynamics and the resultant conformational noise can modulate phenotypic switching. Thus, contrary to the prevailing wisdom that phenotypic switching is highly deterministic (has a genetic underpinning) in cancer, emerging evidence suggests that non-genetic mechanisms, at least in part due to the conformational noise, may also be a confounding factor in phenotypic switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kulkarni
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
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