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Bo Z, Wang S, Li X, Guo M, Zhang C, Cao Y, Zhang X, Wu Y. Ginkgolic acid inhibits the replication of pseudorabies virus in vitro and in vivo by suppressing the transcription of viral late genes. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:105033. [PMID: 37804663 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) belongs to the species of alphaherpesvirus that can cause substantial economic losses to the world swine industry. Therefore, research on anti-PRV compounds is of great value. In this study, it was found that ginkgolic acid could efficiently inhibit the replication of PRV, and the IC50 and CC50 were 3.407 μM and 102.3 μM, respectively. Moreover, it was discovered that ginkgolic acid had no effect on the adsorption, entry, and release stages of the PRV replication cycle. Importantly, it was found that ginkgolic acid could significantly suppress the transcription of PRV late genes, while the transcription of viral immediate early and early genes was not affected. Finally, in vivo experiments showed that ginkgolic acid could significantly reduce the viral load of PRV in multiple tissues and increase 30% survival rate of mice upon the challenge of PRV. Taken together, a novel PRV replication inhibitor, ginkgolic acid, which worked through suppressing the transcription of the late genes, was found in this study. This study provides a potential therapy method for the infection of PRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Bo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shixu Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yongzhong Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Moreira J, Machado M, Dias-Teixeira M, Ferraz R, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. The neuroprotective effect of traditional Chinese medicinal plants-A critical review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3208-3237. [PMID: 37655317 PMCID: PMC10465969 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are increasingly affecting individuals' quality of life, thus increasing their cost to social and health systems. These diseases have overlapping mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excitotoxicity. Currently, there is no cure for neurodegenerative diseases, and the available therapies have adverse effects and low efficacy. For neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, the current therapies are not adequate to one-third of the patients, the so-called treatment-resistant patients. So, searching for new treatments is fundamental. Medicinal plants appear as a strong alternative and complement towards new treatment protocols, as they have been used for health purposes for thousands of years. Thus, the main goal of this review is to revisit the neuroprotective potential of some of the most predominant medicinal plants (and one fungus) used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), focusing on their proven mechanisms of action and their chemical compositions, to give clues on how they can be useful against neurodegeneration progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Mariana Machado
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Mónica Dias-Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
- NICiTeS—Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, Lisboa 1950-396, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
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Jazvinšćak Jembrek M, Oršolić N, Karlović D, Peitl V. Flavonols in Action: Targeting Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086888. [PMID: 37108052 PMCID: PMC10138550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses that highly impairs quality of life. Pharmacological interventions are mainly focused on altered monoamine neurotransmission, which is considered the primary event underlying the disease's etiology. However, many other neuropathological mechanisms that contribute to the disease's progression and clinical symptoms have been identified. These include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, hippocampal atrophy, reduced synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, the depletion of neurotrophic factors, and the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Current therapeutic options are often unsatisfactory and associated with adverse effects. This review highlights the most relevant findings concerning the role of flavonols, a ubiquitous class of flavonoids in the human diet, as potential antidepressant agents. In general, flavonols are considered to be both an effective and safe therapeutic option in the management of depression, which is largely based on their prominent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, preclinical studies have provided evidence that they are capable of restoring the neuroendocrine control of the HPA axis, promoting neurogenesis, and alleviating depressive-like behavior. Although these findings are promising, they are still far from being implemented in clinical practice. Hence, further studies are needed to more comprehensively evaluate the potential of flavonols with respect to the improvement of clinical signs of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dalibor Karlović
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vjekoslav Peitl
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Li HM, Ma H, Sun X, Li B, Cao C, Dai Y, Zhu M, Wu CZ. Anti-Cancer Properties of Ginkgolic Acids in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma CNE-2Z Cells via Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90. Molecules 2021; 26:6575. [PMID: 34770993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. However, the anti-cancer properties of ginkgolic acids (GAS) isolated from G. biloba have not been investigated in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. In this study, GAS exhibited an inhibitory effect on the ATPase activity of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and anti-proliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 14.91 to 23.81 μg·mL−1. In vivo experiments confirmed that GAS inhibited tumor growth in CNE-2Z cell-xenografted nude mice with low hepatotoxicity. We further demonstrated that GAS suppressed migration and invasion and induced the apoptosis of CNE-2Z cells by inducing the degradation of Hsp90 client proteins (MMP-2, MMP-9, Her-2, c-Raf, Akt, and Bcl-2). Together, GAS are new Hsp90 inhibitors by binding to Hsp90 (hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction). Thus, GAS from G. biloba might represent promising Hsp90 inhibitors for the development of anti-nasopharyngeal carcinoma agents.
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Liu K, Wang X, Li D, Xu D, Li D, Lv Z, Zhao D, Chu WF, Wang XF. Ginkgolic Acid, a SUMO-1 Inhibitor, Inhibits the Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Alleviating SUMOylation of SMAD4. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 16:86-99. [PMID: 31970286 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMO) represent a class of ubiquitin-like proteins that are conjugated, like ubiquitin, by a set of enzymes to form cellular regulatory proteins, and play key roles in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. We found that ginkgolic acid (GA) can significantly reduce cell vitality in a dose- and time-dependent manner and can also accelerate cyto-apoptosis in both Tca8113 and Cal-27 cells. Migration and wound-healing assays were executed to determine the anti-migration effect of GA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. GA represses transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in OSCC cell lines. This investigation is the first evidence that GA suppresses TGF-β1-induced SUMOylation of SMAD4. We show that GA affects the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 protein and the release of SMAD4. In the xenograft mouse model, the OSCC progression was reduced by GA, effectively suppressing the growth of tumors. In addition, siSMAD4 improved cell migration and viability, which was inhibited by GA in Tca8113 cells. GA suppresses tumorigenicity and tumor progression of OSCC through inhibition of TGF-β1-induced enhancement of SUMOylation of SMAD4. Thus, GA could be a promising therapeutic for OSCC.
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Alimoradian A, Ghasemi S, Zahiri M, Saeedi AH, Miladi H, Sadegh M. Investigation of the effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neuronal loss caused by diabetes induced by streptozotocin in rats. SJKU 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/sjku.23.2.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Liang Z, Bai S, Shen P, Hu Q, Wang X, Dong M, Wang W, Li J, Cheng K, Zhang S, Zou D, Han Y, Wang H, Xie P. GC-MS-based metabolomic study on the antidepressant-like effects of diterpene ginkgolides in mouse hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2016; 314:116-24. [PMID: 27498146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), including EGb-761, have been suggested to have antidepressant activity based on previous behavioral and biochemical analyses. However, because GBE contain many constituents, the mechanisms underlying this suggested antidepressant activity are unclear. Here, we investigated the antidepressant-like effects of diterpene ginkgolides (DG), an important class of constituents in GBE, and studied their effects in the mouse hippocampus using a GC-MS-based metabolomics approach. Mice were randomly divided into five groups and injected daily until testing with 0.9% NaCl solution, one of three doses of DG (4.06, 12.18, and 36.54mg/kg), or venlafaxine. Sucrose preference (SPT) and tail suspension (TST) tests were then performed to evaluate depressive-like behaviors in mice. DG (12.18 and 36.54mg/kg) and venlafaxine (VLX) administration significantly increased hedonic behavior in mice in the SPT. DG (12.18mg/kg) treatment also shortened immobility time in the TST, suggestive of antidepressant-like effects. Significant differences in the metabolic profile in the DG (12.18mg/kg) compared with the control or VLX group indicative of an antidepressant-like effect were observed using multivariate analysis. Eighteen differential hippocampal metabolites were identified that discriminated the DG (12.18mg/kg) and control groups. These biochemical changes involved neurotransmitter metabolism, oxidative stress, glutathione metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and kynurenic acid, providing clues to the therapeutic mechanisms of DG. Thus, this study showed that DG has antidepressant-like activities in mice and shed light on the biological mechanisms underlying the effects of diterpene ginkgolides on behavior, providing an important drug candidate for the treatment of depression.
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Baek SH, Ko JH, Lee JH, Kim C, Lee H, Nam D, Lee J, Lee SG, Yang WM, Um JY, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Ginkgolic Acid Inhibits Invasion and Migration and TGF-β-Induced EMT of Lung Cancer Cells Through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Inactivation. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:346-354. [PMID: 27177359 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical cellular phenomenon regulating tumor metastases. In the present study, we investigated whether ginkgolic acid can affect EMT in lung cancer cells and the related underlying mechanism(s) of its actions. We found that ginkgolic acid C15:1 (GA C15:1) inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in both A549 and H1299 lung cancer cells. GA C15:1 also suppressed the expression of EMT related genes (Fibronectin, Vimentin, N-cadherin, MMP-9, MMP-2, Twist and Snail) and suppressed TGF-β-induced EMT as assessed by reduced expression of mesenchymal markers (Fibronectin, Vimentin, N-cadherin), MMP-9, MMP-2, Twist and Snail. However, GA C15:1 did not affect the expression of various epithelial marker proteins (Occludin and E-cadherin) in both A549 and H1299 cells. TGF-β-induced morphologic changes from epithelial to mesenchymal cells and induction of invasion and migration were reversed by GA C15:1. Finally, GA C15:1 not only abrogated basal PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade, but also reduced TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in lung cancer cells. Overall, these findings suggest that GA C15:1 suppresses lung cancer invasion and migration through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and provide a source of potential therapeutic compounds to control the metastatic dissemination of tumor cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 346-354, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulwon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanwool Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Nam
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Batanero B, Recio J, Barba F. One-pot anodic lactonization of Fenchone and Menthone and electrosynthesis of a new magnolione analogue. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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He D, Wang X, Zhang P, Luo X, Li X, Wang L, Li S, Xu Y. Evaluation of the Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Activities of the Aqueous Extract from Camellia euphlebia Merr. ex Sealy in Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015:618409. [PMID: 26579203 DOI: 10.1155/2015/618409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Camellia euphlebia Merr. ex Sealy is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used for improvement of human emotions in the Guangxi Province of southern China. However, there are no studies about the anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of Camellia euphlebia. This study evaluated the anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of the aqueous extract from Camellia euphlebia (CEE) in mice. We found that administration of 400 mg/kg CEE or 20 mg/kg fluoxetine for 7 days significantly reduced the immobility time in both TST and FST. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg extract or 4 mg/kg diazepam for 7 days significantly increased the percentage of time spent and the number of entries into the open arms of the EPMT. In addition, the time spent by mice in the illuminated side of the LDBT was increased. Furthermore, pretreatment with 400 mg/kg CEE for 7 days significantly elevated the level of 5-HT and DA in the whole brain of mice. These results provide support for the potential anxiolytic and antidepressant activity of Camellia euphlebia and contribute towards validation of the traditional use of Camellia euphlebia in the treatment of emotional disorders.
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Maleeva G, Buldakova S, Bregestovski P. Selective potentiation of alpha 1 glycine receptors by ginkgolic acid. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:64. [PMID: 26578878 PMCID: PMC4624854 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine receptors (GlyRs) belong to the superfamily of pentameric cys-loop receptor-operated channels and are involved in numerous physiological functions, including movement, vision, and pain. In search for compounds performing subunit-specific modulation of GlyRs we studied action of ginkgolic acid, an abundant Ginkgo biloba product. Using patch-clamp recordings, we analyzed the effects of ginkgolic acid in concentrations from 30 nM to 25 μM on α1–α3 and α1/β, α2/β configurations of GlyR and on GABAARs expressed in cultured CHO-K1 cells and mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cells. Ginkgolic acid caused an increase in the amplitude of currents mediated by homomeric α1 and heteromeric α1/β GlyRs and provoked a left-shift of the concentration-dependent curves for glycine. Even at high concentrations (10–25 μM) ginkgolic acid was not able to augment ionic currents mediated by α2, α2/β, and α3 GlyRs, or by GABAAR consisting of α1/β2/γ2 subunits. Mutation of three residues (T59A/A261G/A303S) in the α2 GlyR subunit to the corresponding ones from the α1 converted the action of ginkgolic acid to potentiation with a distinct decrease in EC50 for glycine, suggesting an important role for these residues in modulation by ginkgolic acid. Our results suggest that ginkgolic acid is a novel selective enhancer of α1 GlyRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galyna Maleeva
- Aix Marseille Université, INS UMR_S 1106 Marseille, France ; INSERM, UMR_S 1106 Marseille, France ; Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana Buldakova
- Aix Marseille Université, INS UMR_S 1106 Marseille, France ; INSERM, UMR_S 1106 Marseille, France
| | - Piotr Bregestovski
- Aix Marseille Université, INS UMR_S 1106 Marseille, France ; INSERM, UMR_S 1106 Marseille, France
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Wang M, Zhao J, Avula B, Wang YH, Avonto C, Chittiboyina AG, Wylie PL, Parcher JF, Khan IA. High-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for characterization and quantitative analysis of ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba plants, extracts, and dietary supplements. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:12103-12111. [PMID: 25383633 DOI: 10.1021/jf503980f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selected ion monitor method focusing on the characterization and quantitative analysis of ginkgolic acids (GAs) in Ginkgo biloba L. plant materials, extracts, and commercial products was developed and validated. The method involved sample extraction with (1:1) methanol and 10% formic acid, liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane, and derivatization with trimethylsulfonium hydroxide (TMSH). Separation of two saturated (C13:0 and C15:0) and six unsaturated ginkgolic acid methyl esters with different positional double bonds (C15:1 Δ8 and Δ10, C17:1 Δ8, Δ10, and Δ12, and C17:2) was achieved on a very polar (88% cyanopropyl) aryl-polysiloxane HP-88 capillary GC column. The double bond positions in the GAs were determined by ozonolysis. The developed GC/MS method was validated according to ICH guidelines, and the quantitation results were verified by comparison with a standard high-performance liquid chromatography method. Nineteen G. biloba authenticated and commercial plant samples and 21 dietary supplements purported to contain G. biloba leaf extracts were analyzed. Finally, the presence of the marker compounds, terpene trilactones and flavonol glycosides for Ginkgo biloba in the dietary supplements was determined by UHPLC/MS and used to confirm the presence of G. biloba leaf extracts in all of the botanical dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, and ‡Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Yeh KY, Shou SS, Lin YX, Chen CC, Chiang CY, Yeh CY. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced anhedonic depressive-like behavior in male rats. Phytother Res 2014; 29:260-6. [PMID: 25346240 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces depressive-like behavior. Anhedonia is a core symptom of depression, defined as a loss of the capacity to experience pleasure. The present study used the sucrose preference test to investigate the influence of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on LPS-induced anhedonia in male rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: (I) vehicle + saline, (II) vehicle + LPS, (III) EGb 761 + saline, and (IV) EGb 761 + LPS. Saline or LPS (100 µg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 2 h before the sucrose preference test. Sucrose consumption was recorded 2, 4, 6, 13, and 24 h after 100 µg/kg of LPS or saline injection in the dark phase of the light/dark cycle. Dopamine and serotonin levels in the nucleus accumbens were measured. Our results indicated that the vehicle + LPS group exhibited a significant decrease in sucrose intake compared with the vehicle + saline group. The EGb 761 + LPS group showed more sucrose and food consumption than the vehicle + LPS group. Additionally, compared with the EGb 761 + LPS group, the vehicle + LPS group had less dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Treatment with EGb 761 had no effect on water intake. Our results suggest that EGb 761 may be useful for reducing anhedonic depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Ying Yeh
- Department of Physical Therapy, HungKuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Messaoudi M, Bisson JF, Nejdi A, Rozan P, Javelot H. Antidepressant-like effects of a cocoa polyphenolic extract in Wistar–Unilever rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 11:269-76. [DOI: 10.1179/147683008x344165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Jin L, Wu F, Li X, Li H, Du C, Jiang Q, You J, Li S, Xu Y. Anti-depressant Effects of Aqueous Extract fromAcanthopanax senticosusin Mice. Phytother Res 2013; 27:1829-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liji Jin
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116620 P. R. China
| | - Feifei Wu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116620 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116620 P. R. China
| | - Huaqiang Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116620 P. R. China
| | - Chong Du
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116620 P. R. China
| | - Qi Jiang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116620 P. R. China
| | - Jiansong You
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116620 P. R. China
- Dalian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology Co. Ltd.; Dalian 116620 P. R. China
| | - Shuying Li
- Dalian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology Co. Ltd.; Dalian 116620 P. R. China
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116620 P. R. China
- Dalian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology Co. Ltd.; Dalian 116620 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116012 P. R. China
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He J, Wang S, Wu T, Cao Y, Xu X, Zhou X. Effects of ginkgoneolic acid on the growth, acidogenicity, adherence, and biofilm of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 58:147-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gaur V, Bodhankar SL, Mohan V, Thakurdesai P. Antidepressant-like effect of 4-hydroxyisoleucine from Trigonella foenum graecum L. seeds in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Rojas P, Serrano-García N, Medina-Campos ON, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Ogren SO, Rojas C. Antidepressant-like effect of a Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) in the mouse forced swimming test: role of oxidative stress. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:628-36. [PMID: 21672588 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
EGb761 is a well-defined mixture of active compounds extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves. This extract is used clinically due to its neuroprotective effects, exerted probably via its potent antioxidant or free radical scavenger action. Previous studies suggest that oxidative stress, via free radical production, may play an important role in depression and animal models for depression-like behavior. Preclinical studies have suggested that antioxidants may have antidepressants properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant-like of EGb761 due to its antioxidant role against oxidative stress induced in the forced swimming test, the most widely used preclinical model for assessing antidepressant-like behavior. Male BALB/c mice were pretreated with EGb761 (10mg/kg, ip) daily for 17 days followed by the forced swimming test and spontaneous locomotor activity. Animals were sacrificed to evaluate lipid peroxidation, different antioxidant enzyme activities, serotonin and dopamine content in midbrain, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. EGb761 significantly decreased the immobility time (39%) in the forced swimming test. This antidepressant-like effect of EGb761 was associated with a reduction in lipid peroxidation and superoxide radical production (indicated by a downregulation of Mn-superoxide dismutase activity), both of which are indicators of oxidative stress. The protective effect of EGb761 is not related to excitatory or inhibitory effects in locomotor activity, and was also associated with the modulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. It is suggested that EGb761 produces an antidepressant-like effect, and that an antioxidant effect against oxidative stress may be partly responsible for its observed neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, SS, Av. Insurgentes Sur. No. 3877, C.P. 14269, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
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Xia H, Wang X, Li L, Wang S, Guo C, Liu Y, Yu L, Jiang H, Zeng S. Development of high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for assay of ginkgolic acid (15:1) in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetics study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2701-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Aboukhatwa M, Dosanjh L, Luo Y. Antidepressants are a rational complementary therapy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2010; 5:10. [PMID: 20226030 PMCID: PMC2845130 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-5-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high prevalence rate (30-50%) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression comorbidity. Depression can be a risk factor for the development of AD or it can be developed secondary to the neurodegenerative process. There are numerous documented diagnosis and treatment challenges for the patients who suffer comorbidity between these two diseases. Meta analysis studies have provided evidence for the safety and efficacy of antidepressants in treatment of depression in AD patients. Preclinical and clinical studies show the positive role of chronic administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants in hindering the progression of the AD and improving patient performance. A number of clinical studies suggest a beneficial role of combinatorial therapies that pair antidepressants with FDA approved AD drugs. Preclinical studies also demonstrate a favorable effect of natural antidepressants for AD patients. Based on the preclinical studies there are a number of plausible antidepressants effects that may modulate the progression of AD. These effects include an increase in neurogenesis, improvement in learning and memory, elevation in the levels of neurotrophic factors and pCREB and a reduction of amyloid peptide burden. Based on this preclinical and clinical evidence, antidepressants represent a rational complimentary strategy for the treatment of AD patients with depression comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Aboukhatwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 N Pine St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter E Müller
- Pharmakologisches Institut der J.W.G.-Universität, Biozentrum Niederursel, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Hou Y, Aboukhatwa MA, Lei DL, Manaye K, Khan I, Luo Y. Anti-depressant natural flavonols modulate BDNF and beta amyloid in neurons and hippocampus of double TgAD mice. Neuropharmacology 2009; 58:911-20. [PMID: 19917299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that depression may be both a cause and consequence of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and that anti-depressants could provide an alternative strategy to current AD therapies. Association of side effect and herbal-drug interaction with conventional anti-depressant and St. John's wort warrant investigating new anti-depressant drugs. Anti-depressant effects of ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) have been demonstrated in animal models of depression and in human volunteers. We report here that ginkgo flavonols quercetin and kaempferol stimulates depression-related signaling pathways involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF/phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein CREB/postsynaptic density proteins PSD95, and reduces amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) in neurons isolated from double transgenic AD mouse (TgAPPswe/PS1e9). In addition, enhanced BDNF expression and reduction of Abeta oligomers was confirmed in hippocampus of the double transgenic mice administered with flavonol, which correlates with cognitive improvement behaviors in these mice. The present results suggest that stimulating BDNF and reducing Abeta toxicity by natural flavonols provide a therapeutic implication for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Wang Y, Han T, Zhu Y, Zheng CJ, Ming QL, Rahman K, Qin LP. Antidepressant properties of bioactive fractions from the extract of Crocus sativus L. J Nat Med 2009; 64:24-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-009-0360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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van Beek TA, Montoro P. Chemical analysis and quality control of Ginkgo biloba leaves, extracts, and phytopharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2002-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 12/31/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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