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Quan L, Jiang H, Mei G, Sun Y, You B. Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall and Hybrid Water Splitting. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3694-3812. [PMID: 38517093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic water splitting driven by renewable electricity has been recognized as a promising approach for green hydrogen production. Different from conventional strategies in developing electrocatalysts for the two half-reactions of water splitting (e.g., the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, HER and OER) separately, there has been a growing interest in designing and developing bifunctional electrocatalysts, which are able to catalyze both the HER and OER. In addition, considering the high overpotentials required for OER while limited value of the produced oxygen, there is another rapidly growing interest in exploring alternative oxidation reactions to replace OER for hybrid water splitting toward energy-efficient hydrogen generation. This Review begins with an introduction on the fundamental aspects of water splitting, followed by a thorough discussion on various physicochemical characterization techniques that are frequently employed in probing the active sites, with an emphasis on the reconstruction of bifunctional electrocatalysts during redox electrolysis. The design, synthesis, and performance of diverse bifunctional electrocatalysts based on noble metals, nonprecious metals, and metal-free nanocarbons, for overall water splitting in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, are thoroughly summarized and compared. Next, their application toward hybrid water splitting is also presented, wherein the alternative anodic reactions include sacrificing agents oxidation, pollutants oxidative degradation, and organics oxidative upgrading. Finally, a concise statement on the current challenges and future opportunities of bifunctional electrocatalysts for both overall and hybrid water splitting is presented in the hope of guiding future endeavors in the quest for energy-efficient and sustainable green hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Quan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Guoliang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Bo You
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Zhao Y, Adiyeri Saseendran DP, Huang C, Triana CA, Marks WR, Chen H, Zhao H, Patzke GR. Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reaction Catalysts: From In Situ Monitoring and Reaction Mechanisms to Rational Design. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6257-6358. [PMID: 36944098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are core steps of various energy conversion and storage systems. However, their sluggish reaction kinetics, i.e., the demanding multielectron transfer processes, still render OER/ORR catalysts less efficient for practical applications. Moreover, the complexity of the catalyst-electrolyte interface makes a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic OER/ORR mechanisms challenging. Fortunately, recent advances of in situ/operando characterization techniques have facilitated the kinetic monitoring of catalysts under reaction conditions. Here we provide selected highlights of recent in situ/operando mechanistic studies of OER/ORR catalysts with the main emphasis placed on heterogeneous systems (primarily discussing first-row transition metals which operate under basic conditions), followed by a brief outlook on molecular catalysts. Key sections in this review are focused on determination of the true active species, identification of the active sites, and monitoring of the reactive intermediates. For in-depth insights into the above factors, a short overview of the metrics for accurate characterizations of OER/ORR catalysts is provided. A combination of the obtained time-resolved reaction information and reliable activity data will then guide the rational design of new catalysts. Strategies such as optimizing the restructuring process as well as overcoming the adsorption-energy scaling relations will be discussed. Finally, pending current challenges and prospects toward the understanding and development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts and selected homogeneous catalysts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Chong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A Triana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walker R Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta R Patzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang D, Wang Z, Liu W, Zhong S, Feng YP, Loh KP, Wee ATS. Real-Space Investigation of the Multiple Halogen Bonds by Ultrahigh-Resolution Scanning Probe Microscopy. Small 2022; 18:e2202368. [PMID: 35719029 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical bond is of central interest in chemistry, and it is of significance to study the nature of intermolecular bonds in real-space. Herein, non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM) are employed to acquire real-space atomic information of molecular clusters, i.e., monomer, dimer, trimer, tetramer, formed on Au(111). The formation of the various molecular clusters is due to the diversity of halogen bonds. DFT calculation also suggests the formation of three distinct halogen bonds among the molecular clusters, which originates from the noncovalent interactions of Br-atoms with the positive potential H-atoms, neutral potential Br-atoms, and negative potential N-atoms, respectively. This work demonstrates the real-space investigation of the multiple halogen bonds by nc-AFM/LT-STM, indicating the potential use of this technique to study other intermolecular bonds and to understand complex supramolecular assemblies at the atomic/sub-molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguan Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Zishen Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Physics, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Siying Zhong
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Andrew Thye Shen Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
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Yan T, Wang P, Xu ZH, Sun WY. Copper(II) Frameworks with Varied Active Site Distribution for Modulating Selectivity of Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:13645-13652. [PMID: 35258933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be utilized as electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) due to their well dispersed metal centers. However, the influence of metal node distribution on electrochemical CO2RR was rarely explored. Here, three Cu-MOFs with different copper(II) site distribution were employed for CO2 electroreduction. The Cu-MOFs [Cu(L)SO4]·H2O (Cu1), [Cu(L)2(H2O)2](CH3COO)2·H2O (Cu2), and [Cu(L)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (Cu3) were achieved by using the same ligand 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene (L) but different Cu(II) salts. The results show that the Faraday efficiency of CO (FECO) for Cu1 is 4 times that of the FEH2, while the FECO of Cu2 is twice that of the FEH2. As for Cu3, there is not much difference between FECO and FEH2. Such difference may arise from the distinct electrochemical active surface area and charge transfer kinetics caused by different copper site distribution. Furthermore, the different framework structures also affect the activity of the copper sites, which was supported by the theoretically calculated Gibbs free energy and electron density, contributing to the selectivity of CO2RR. This study provides a strategy for modulating the selectivity of CO2RR by tuning the distribution of the active centers in MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zou-Hong Xu
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Yin Sun
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Salmanion M, Nandy S, Chae KH, Najafpour MM. Further Insight into the Conversion of a Ni-Fe Metal-Organic Framework during Water-Oxidation Reaction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5112-5123. [PMID: 35297622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are extensively investigated as catalysts in the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER). A Ni-Fe MOF with 2,5-dihydroxy terephthalate as a linker has been claimed to be among the most efficient catalysts for the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline conditions. Herein, the MOF stability under the OER was reinvestigated by electrochemical methods, X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, operando visible spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The peaks corresponding to the carboxylate group are observed at 1420 and 1520 cm-1 using Raman spectroscopy. The peaks disappear after the reaction, suggesting the removal of the carboxylate group. A drop in carbon content but growth in oxygen content after the OER was detected by energy-dispersive spectra. This shows that after the OER, the surface of MOF is oxidized. SEM images also show deep restructures in the surface morphology of this Ni-Fe MOF after the OER. Nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry show the decomposition of the linker in alkaline conditions and even in the absence of potential. These experimental data indicate that during the OER, the synthesized MOF transforms to a Fe-Ni-layered double hydroxide, and the formed metal oxide is a candidate for the OER catalysis. Generalization is not true; however, taken together, these findings suggest that the stability of Ni-Fe MOFs under harsh oxidation conditions should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Salmanion
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Subhajit Nandy
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Chae
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.,Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.,Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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Zhang W, Huang C, Zhu J, Zhou Q, Yu R, Wang Y, An P, Zhang J, Qiu M, Zhou L, Mai L, Yi Z, Yu Y. Dynamic Restructuring of Coordinatively Unsaturated Copper Paddle Wheel Clusters to Boost Electrochemical CO
2
Reduction to Hydrocarbons**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Physical Science and Technology Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 Hubei P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Chuqiang Huang
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Physical Science and Technology Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Jiexin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Qiancheng Zhou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Physical Science and Technology Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Ruohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Yali Wang
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Physical Science and Technology Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Pengfei An
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Physical Science and Technology Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Yi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
| | - Ying Yu
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Physical Science and Technology Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 Hubei P. R. China
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Zhang W, Huang C, Zhu J, Zhou Q, Yu R, Wang Y, An P, Zhang J, Qiu M, Zhou L, Mai L, Yi Z, Yu Y. Dynamic Restructuring of Coordinatively Unsaturated Copper Paddle Wheel Clusters to Boost Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction to Hydrocarbons*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112116. [PMID: 34704659 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to hydrocarbons involves a multistep proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction. Second coordination sphere engineering is reported to be effective in the PCET process; however, little is known about the actual catalytic active sites under realistic operating conditions. We have designed a defect-containing metal-organic framework, HKUST-1, through a facile "atomized trimesic acid" strategy, in which Cu atoms are modified by unsaturated carboxylate ligands, producing coordinatively unsaturated Cu paddle wheel (CU-CPW) clusters. We investigate the dynamic behavior of the CU-CPW during electrochemical reconstruction through the comprehensive analysis of in situ characterization results. It is demonstrated that Cu2 (HCOO)3 is maintained after electrochemical reconstruction and that is behaves as an active site. Mechanistic studies reveal that CU-CPW accelerates the proton-coupled multi-electron transfer (PCMET) reaction, resulting in a deep CO2 reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Chuqiang Huang
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiexin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Qiancheng Zhou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ruohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yali Wang
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei An
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Yi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yu
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, P. R. China
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