1
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Molenberghs F, Verschuuren M, Vandeweyer L, Peeters S, Bogers JJ, Novo CP, Vanden Berghe W, De Reu H, Cools N, Schelhaas M, De Vos WH. Lamin B1 curtails early human papillomavirus infection by safeguarding nuclear compartmentalization and autophagic capacity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:141. [PMID: 38485766 PMCID: PMC10940392 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a primary cause of cervical and head-and-neck cancers. The HPV genome enters the nucleus during mitosis when the nuclear envelope disassembles. Given that lamins maintain nuclear integrity during interphase, we asked to what extent their loss would affect early HPV infection. To address this question, we infected human cervical cancer cells and keratinocytes lacking the major lamins with a HPV16 pseudovirus (HP-PsV) encoding an EGFP reporter. We found that a sustained reduction or complete loss of lamin B1 significantly increased HP-PsV infection rate. A corresponding greater nuclear HP-PsV load in LMNB1 knockout cells was directly related to their prolonged mitotic window and extensive nuclear rupture propensity. Despite the increased HP-PsV presence, EGFP transcript levels remained virtually unchanged, indicating an additional defect in protein turnover. Further investigation revealed that LMNB1 knockout led to a substantial decrease in autophagic capacity, possibly linked to the persistent activation of cGAS by cytoplasmic chromatin exposure. Thus, the attrition of lamin B1 increases nuclear perviousness and attenuates autophagic capacity, creating an environment conducive to unrestrained accumulation of HPV capsids. Our identification of lower lamin B1 levels and nuclear BAF foci in the basal epithelial layer of several human cervix samples suggests that this pathway may contribute to an increased individual susceptibility to HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Molenberghs
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marlies Verschuuren
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lauran Vandeweyer
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Peeters
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes J Bogers
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claudina Perez Novo
- Cell Death Signaling Lab, Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Cell Death Signaling Lab, Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hans De Reu
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mario Schelhaas
- Institute of Cellular Virology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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2
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Tucker J, Milici J, Alam S, Ferster APO, Goldenberg D, Meyers C, Goyal N. Assessing nonsexual transmission of the human papillomavirus (HPV): Do our current cleaning methods work? J Med Virol 2022; 94:3956-3961. [PMID: 35411608 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is thought to be sexually transmitted; however, there have been a few studies investigating a possible iatrogenic source of infection. Therefore, it is important to assess the cleaning methods of reusable medical devices. This study assessed whether cleaning methods of flexible endoscopes in an otolaryngology clinic are effective against HPV. There were 24 patients with a history of head and neck cancer in the study; however, two outliers were excluded. Nine patients were confirmed to have HPV-associated cancer. PCR was used to measure and quantify the viral genomes of samples collected before and after cleaning. After cleaning, few HPV+ samples had endoscopes with less DNA than before cleaning. Additionally, for several patients with non-HPV-associated head and neck cancer, PCR showed more DNA after cleaning than before cleaning, suggesting residual HPV DNA within the cleaning solution. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between pre- and post-cleaning in both cohorts. Current cleaning methods of reusable endoscopes may not be effective in completely removing viral DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Tucker
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janice Milici
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samina Alam
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - David Goldenberg
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neerav Goyal
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Robins LI, Clark A, Gafken PR, Alam S, Milici J, Hassan R, Wang C, Williams J, Meyers C. Hypochlorous Acid as a Disinfectant for High‐risk HPV: Insight into the mechanism of action. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3386-3393. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori I. Robins
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Washington Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE BothellWA98011USA
| | - Andrew Clark
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Washington Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE BothellWA98011USA
| | - Philip R. Gafken
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave NSeattleWA98109USA
| | - Samina Alam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Janice Milici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Reem Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Che‐Yen Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Jeff Williams
- Briotech Inc., 14120 NE 200th StWoodinvilleWA98072USA
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
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4
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Bley IA, Zwick A, Hans MC, Thieser K, Wagner V, Ludwig N, Khalmurzaev O, Matveev VB, Loertzer P, Pryalukhin A, Hartmann A, Geppert CI, Loertzer H, Wunderlich H, Naumann CM, Kalthoff H, Junker K, Smola S, Lohse S. DKK1 inhibits canonical Wnt signaling in human papillomavirus-positive penile cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101267. [PMID: 34773828 PMCID: PMC8592926 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of Wnt pathway associated factors in HPV-positive penile cancer cells. lacking nuclear beta-catenin translocation indicated an actively abrogated Wnt signaling. elevated expression of the Wnt antagonist DKK1 in HPV-positive penile cancer cells. DKK1-driven autocrine Wnt pathway inhibition in penile cancer cells. DKK1+ penile cancers are with a higher frequency HPV+, less differentiated and grow more aggressively.
Penile squamous cell cancer (PSCC) is the most frequent penile malignant disease. Infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a major etiologic driver of PSCC. However, the molecular details of the underlying carcinogenesis are understudied because of rare clinical specimens and missing cell lines. Here, we investigated if the expression of high-risk HPV16 oncogenes causes an augmentation of the Wnt pathway using unique HPV-positive penile cancer (PeCa) cell lines in monolayer and organotypic 3D raft cultures as well as tissue micro arrays containing clinical tissue specimens. The HPV oncoproteins enhanced the expression of Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 6 (LGR6) and the HPV-positive PeCa cells expressed a signature of Wnt target and stemness-associated genes. However, the notable lack of nuclear β-catenin in vitro and in situ raised the question if the enhanced expression of Wnt pathway factors is tantamount to an active Wnt signaling. Subsequent TOP-flash reporter assays revealed Wnt signaling as absent and not inducible by respective Wnt ligands in PeCa cell lines. The HPV-positive PeCa cells and especially HPV-positive PeCa specimens of the tumor core expressed the Wnt antagonist and negative feedback-regulator Dickkopf1 (DKK1). Subsequent neutralization experiments using PeCa cell line-conditioned media demonstrated that DKK1 is capable to impair ligand-induced Wnt signaling. While gene expression analyses suggested an augmented and active canonical Wnt pathway, the respective signaling was inhibited due to the endogenous expression of the antagonist DKK1. Subsequent TMA stainings indicated Dkk1 as linked with HPV-positivity and metastatic disease progression in PeCa suggesting potential as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ariane Bley
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. Building 47, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Anabel Zwick
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. Building 47, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Muriel Charlotte Hans
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. Building 47, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Katrin Thieser
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. Building 47, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Viktoria Wagner
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Oybek Khalmurzaev
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany; Department of Urology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" оf the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vsevolod Borisovich Matveev
- Department of Urology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" оf the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Philine Loertzer
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Pryalukhin
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Hagen Loertzer
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Westpfalz Klinikum, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Heiko Wunderlich
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, St. Georg Klinikum, Eisenach, Germany
| | - Carsten Maik Naumann
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. Building 47, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Stefan Lohse
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. Building 47, Homburg 66421, Germany.
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Carvalho J, Lopes-Nunes J, Campello MPC, Paulo A, Milici J, Meyers C, Mergny JL, Salgado GF, Queiroz JA, Cruz C. Human Papillomavirus G-Rich Regions as Potential Antiviral Drug Targets. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 31:68-81. [PMID: 33121376 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report, for the first time, the screening of several ligands in terms of their ability to bind and stabilize G-quadruplexes (G4) found in seven human Papillomavirus (HPV) genomes. Using a variety of biophysical assays, HPV G-quadruplexes were shown to possess a high degree of structural polymorphism upon ligand binding, which may have an impact on transcription, replication, and viral protein production. A sequence found in high-risk HPV16 genotype folds into multiple non-canonical DNA structures; it was converted into a major G4 conformation upon interaction with a well-characterized highly selective G4 ligand, PhenDC3, which may have an impact on the viral infection. Likewise, HPV57 and 58, which fold into multiple G4 structures, were found to form single stable complexes in the presence of two other G4 ligands, C8 and pyridostatin, respectively. In addition, one of the selected compounds, the acridine derivative C8, demonstrated a significant antiviral effect in HPV18-infected organotypic raft cultures. Altogether, these results indicate that targeting HPV G4s may be an alternative route for the development of novel antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Carvalho
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Lopes-Nunes
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Cabral Campello
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Janice Milici
- Department Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- ARNA Laboratory, Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, Pessac, France.,Institute of Biophysics of the CAS, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilmar F Salgado
- ARNA Laboratory, Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - João A Queiroz
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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6
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Meyers C, Milici J, Robison R. The ability of two chlorine dioxide chemistries to inactivate human papillomavirus-contaminated endocavitary ultrasound probes and nasendoscopes. J Med Virol 2020; 92:1298-1302. [PMID: 31919857 PMCID: PMC7497195 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sexual transmission is the most common pathway for the spread of Human papillomavirus (HPV). However, the potential for iatrogenic HPV infections is also real. Even though cleared by the Food and Drug Administration and recommended by the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, several disinfectants including glutaraldehyde and o-phthalaldehyde have shown a lack of efficacy for inactivating HPV. Other methods such as ultraviolet C and concentrated hydrogen peroxide have been shown highly effective at inactivating infectious HPV. In this study, two chlorine dioxide systems are also shown to be highly efficacious at inactivating HPV. An important difference in these present studies is that as opposed to testing in suspension or using a carrier, we dried the infectious virus directly onto endocavitary ultrasound probes and nasendoscopes, therefore, validating a more realistic system to demonstrate disinfectant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Janice Milici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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7
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Chatterjee S, Do Kang S, Alam S, Salzberg AC, Milici J, van der Burg SH, Freeman W, Meyers C. Tissue-Specific Gene Expression during Productive Human Papillomavirus 16 Infection of Cervical, Foreskin, and Tonsil Epithelium. J Virol 2019; 93:e00915-19. [PMID: 31189705 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00915-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data confirm a much higher incidence of high-risk human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16)-mediated carcinogenesis of the cervical epithelium than for other target sites. In order to elucidate tissue-specific responses to virus infection, we compared gene expression changes induced by productive HPV16 infection of cervical, foreskin, and tonsil organotypic rafts. These rafts closely mimic persistent HPV16 infection, long before carcinogenesis sets in. The total number of gene expression changes varied considerably across the tissue types, with only 32 genes being regulated in common. Among them, we confirmed the Kelch-like family protein KLHL35 and the laminin-5 complex to be upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in all the three tissues. HPV16 infection induces upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle control, cell division, mitosis, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair in all the three tissues, indicative of a hyperproliferative environment. In the cervical and tonsil epithelium, we observe significant downregulation of genes involved in epidermis development, keratinocyte differentiation, and extracellular matrix organization. On the other hand, in HPV16-positive foreskin (HPV16 foreskin) tissue, several genes involved in interferon-mediated innate immunity, cytokine signaling, and cellular defenses were downregulated. Furthermore, pathway analysis and experimental validations identified important cellular pathways like STAT1 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) to be differentially regulated among the three tissue types. The differential modulation of important cellular pathways like TGF-β1 and STAT1 can explain the sensitivity of tissues to HPV cancer progression.IMPORTANCE Although the high-risk human papillomavirus 16 infects anogenital and oropharyngeal sites, the cervical epithelium has a unique vulnerability to progression of cancer. Host responses during persistent infection and preneoplastic stages can shape the outcome of cancer progression in a tissue-dependent manner. Our study for the first time reports differential regulation of critical cellular functions and signaling pathways during productive HPV16 infection of cervical, foreskin, and tonsil tissues. While the virus induces hyperproliferation in infected cells, it downregulates epithelial differentiation, epidermal development, and innate immune responses, according to the tissue type. Modulation of these biological functions can determine virus fitness and pathogenesis and illuminate key cellular mechanisms that the virus employs to establish persistence and finally initiate disease progression.
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8
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Khusnutdinova EF, Kazakova OB, Lobov AN, Kukovinets OS, Suponitsky KY, Meyers CB, Prichard MN. Synthesis of A-ring quinolones, nine-membered oxolactams and spiroindoles by oxidative transformations of 2,3-indolotriterpenoids. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:585-597. [PMID: 30574983 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an access to new nitrogen-containing heterocyclic triterpenoids by the reaction of 2,3-indolotriterpenoids with ozone and dimethyldioxirane. The oxidation of indolo-fused 28-oxo-allobetulin or methyl platanoate with ozone led to a mixture of a quinolone as the major product and a nine-membered 2,3-seco-2-oxolactam and three different types of spiroindoles as byproducts. The formation of quinolone and 2,3-seco-2-oxolactam derivatives could be explained by the standard 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of ozone to the C2(3)-double bond of the triterpene core similar to the products observed in the ozonolysis of indoles in the Witkop-Winterfeldt oxidation (WWO). The formation of spiroindoles was unexpected and could be explained through the 1,2-cycloaddition of ozone to the C2(3)-double bond with consecutive intramolecular rearrangements of the 2,3-epoxy-intermediate. These spiroindoles seem to be novel structures observed in the WWO reaction. The formation of only two isomeric triterpene spiroindolinones was achieved by the oxidation of 2,3-indolo-28-oxo-allobetulin with dimethyldioxirane that could be explained by the rearrangement of the 2,3-epoxy-intermediate. 19β,28-Epoxy-18α-olean-28-oxo-2-nor-2,3-4'(1H)-quinolone was the most active against HPV-11 with EC50 0.45 μM and SI50 322 in a primary assay and SI90 < 10 against HPV-16 in a secondary assay. The oxidative transformations of indolotriterpenoids have great potential for further modifications towards the preparation of new biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira F Khusnutdinova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russian Federation.
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9
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Chiang C, Pauli EK, Biryukov J, Feister KF, Meng M, White EA, Münger K, Howley PM, Meyers C, Gack MU. The Human Papillomavirus E6 Oncoprotein Targets USP15 and TRIM25 To Suppress RIG-I-Mediated Innate Immune Signaling. J Virol 2018; 92:e01737-17. [PMID: 29263274 PMCID: PMC5827370 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01737-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a key pattern recognition receptor that senses viral RNA and interacts with the mitochondrial adaptor MAVS, triggering a signaling cascade that results in the production of type I interferons (IFNs). This signaling axis is initiated by K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25, which promotes the interaction of RIG-I with MAVS. USP15 was recently identified as an upstream regulator of TRIM25, stabilizing the enzyme through removal of degradative K48-linked polyubiquitin, ultimately promoting RIG-I-dependent cytokine responses. Here, we show that the E6 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) as well as of other HPV types form a complex with TRIM25 and USP15 in human cells. In the presence of E6, the K48-linked ubiquitination of TRIM25 was markedly increased, and in line with this, TRIM25 degradation was enhanced. Our results further showed that E6 inhibited the TRIM25-mediated K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I and its CARD-dependent interaction with MAVS. HPV16 E6, but not E7, suppressed the RIG-I-mediated induction of IFN-β, chemokines, and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Finally, CRISPR-Cas9 gene targeting in human keratinocytes showed that the TRIM25-RIG-I-MAVS triad is important for eliciting an antiviral immune response to HPV16 infection. Our study thus identifies a novel immune escape mechanism that is conserved among different HPV strains and further indicates that the RIG-I signaling pathway plays an important role in the innate immune response to HPV infection.IMPORTANCE Persistent infection and tumorigenesis by HPVs are known to require viral manipulation of a variety of cellular processes, including those involved in innate immune responses. Here, we show that the HPV E6 oncoprotein antagonizes the activation of the cytoplasmic innate immune sensor RIG-I by targeting its upstream regulatory enzymes TRIM25 and USP15. We further show that the RIG-I signaling cascade is important for an antiviral innate immune response to HPV16 infection, providing evidence that RIG-I, whose role in sensing RNA virus infections has been well characterized, also plays a crucial role in the antiviral host response to small DNA viruses of the Papillomaviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Chiang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eva-Katharina Pauli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Biryukov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katharina F Feister
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa Meng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth A White
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karl Münger
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter M Howley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michaela U Gack
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Meyers C, Milici J, Robison R. UVC radiation as an effective disinfectant method to inactivate human papillomaviruses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187377. [PMID: 29088277 PMCID: PMC5663507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocavitary ultrasound probes are part of a commonly used procedure in the clinical arena. The cavities examined, vaginal canal and cervix, anal canal, and oral cavity are all areas commonly infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV), thus making them susceptible to contamination by HPV. It has been demonstrated that these probes can remain contaminated with high-risk HPV even when approved disinfection protocols have been performed. we have previously shown that HPV is resistant to some high-level disinfectant (HLD). In our present study we analyzed efficacy of using high-level ultra-violet C (UVC) radiation against HPV16 and HPV18 using a hard-surface carrier test. Stocks of infectious authentic HPV16 and HPV18 virions were dried onto carriers with a 5% (v/v) protein soil or 4ppm hard water. Efficacy testing were performed with the automated device, Antigermix S1 device (UVC radiation at 253.7nm) and 0.55% OPA in quadruplicate with matched input, neutralization, and cytotoxicity controls. Hypochlorite was included as a positive control for viral deactivation. Infectivity was determined by the abundance (qRT-PCR) of the spliced E1^E4 transcript in infected recipient cells. The automated Antigermix S1 device showed excellent efficacy against HPV16 and HPV18 whereas OPA showed minimal efficacy. While HPV is highly resistant to OPA, high-level UVC radiation offers an effective disinfection practice for ultrasound probes. Our results suggest that healthcare facilities using endocavitary ultrasound probes need to strongly consider disinfection methods that are effective against HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Janice Milici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard Robison
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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Abstract
While numerous model systems are available to study EBV latency in B cells and have contributed greatly to our understanding of the role of these cells in the viral life cycle, models to study the EBV life cycle in epithelial cells in vitro are lacking. Epithelial cells are poorly infected in vitro, and EBV-infected cell lines have not been successfully obtained from epithelial tumors. Recently, we have demonstrated that organotypic cultures of oral keratinocytes can be used as a model to study EBV infection in the epithelial tissue. These "raft" cultures generate a stratified tissue resembling the epithelium seen in vivo with a proliferating basal layer and differentiating suprabasal layers. Here, we describe generation of EBV-infected raft cultures established from primary oral mucosal epithelial cells, which exhibit high levels of productive replication induced by differentiation, as well as methods to analyze EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Temple
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, H107, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, H107, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Clare E Sample
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, H107, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. .,The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Ryndock E, Robison R, Meyers C. Susceptibility of HPV16 and 18 to high level disinfectants indicated for semi-critical ultrasound probes. J Med Virol 2015; 88:1076-80. [PMID: 26519866 PMCID: PMC5063110 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound probes used in endocavitary procedures have been shown to be contaminated with high‐risk HPV after routine use and HPV is also known to be resistant to some high level disinfectants (HLDs). This study compared efficacy of two leading ultrasound probe HLD methods; liquid ortho‐phthalaldehyde (Cidex® OPA) and an automated device using sonicated hydrogen peroxide (trophon® EPR) against HPV16 and HPV18 in a hard‐surface carrier test. Native HPV16 and HPV18 virions were generated in organotypic epithelial raft cultures. Viral lysates were dried onto carriers with a 5% (v/v) protein soil. Efficacy tests were performed against the automated device at 35% and 31.5% H2O2 and 0.55% OPA in quadruplicate with matched input, neutralization, and cytotoxicity controls. Hypochlorite was included as a positive control. Infectivity was determined by the abundance (qRT‐PCR) of the spliced E1^E4 transcript in infected recipient cells. The automated HLD device showed excellent efficacy against HPV16 and HPV18 (>5 log10 reductions in infectivity) whereas OPA showed minimal efficacy (<0.6 log10 reductions). While HPV is highly resistant to OPA, sonicated hydrogen peroxide offers an effective disinfection solution for ultrasound probes. Disinfection methods that are effective against HPV should be adopted where possible. J. Med. Virol. 88:1076–1080, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ryndock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Robison
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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