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Abstract
Tungsten oxide (WO3 ) has received ever more attention and has been highly researched over the last decade due to its being a low-cost transition metal semiconductor with tunable, yet widely stable, band gaps. This minireview briefly highlights the challenges in the design and synthesis of porous WO3 including methods, precursors, solvent effects, crystal phases, and surface activities of the porous WO3 base material. These topics are explored while also drawing a connection of how the morphology and crystal phase affect the band gap. The shifts in band gap not only impact the optical properties of tungsten but also allow tuning to operate on different energy levels, which makes WO3 highly desirable in many applications such as supercapacitors, batteries, solar cells, catalysts, sensors, smart windows, and bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 E. Market St, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Salil Desai
- Department of Industrial and System Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 E. Market St, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Bishnu Prasad Bastakoti
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 E. Market St, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
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Duta L, Popescu A. Current Status on Pulsed Laser Deposition of Coatings from Animal-Origin Calcium Phosphate Sources. Coatings 2019; 9:335. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9050335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the current status on animal-origin hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings synthesized by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique for medical implant applications. PLD as a thin film synthesis method, although limited in terms of surface covered area, still gathers interest among researchers due to its advantages such as stoichiometric transfer, thickness control, film adherence, and relatively simple experimental set-up. While animal-origin HA synthesized by bacteria or extracted from animal bones, eggshells, and clams was tested in the form of thin films or scaffolds as a bioactive agent before, the reported results on PLD coatings from HA materials extracted from natural sources were not gathered and compared until the present study. Since natural apatite contains trace elements and new functional groups, such as CO32− and HPO42− in its complex molecules, physical-chemical results on the transfer of animal-origin HA by PLD are extremely interesting due to the stoichiometric transfer possibilities of this technique. The points of interest of this paper are the origin of HA from various sustainable resources, the extraction methods employed, the supplemental functional groups, and ions present in animal-origin HA targets and coatings as compared to synthetic HA, the coatings’ morphology function of the type of HA, and the structure and crystalline status after deposition (where properties were superior to synthetic HA), and the influence of various dopants on these properties. The most interesting studies published in the last decade in scientific literature were compared and morphological, elemental, structural, and mechanical data were compiled and interpreted. The biological response of different types of animal-origin apatites on a variety of cell types was qualitatively assessed by comparing MTS assay data of various studies, where the testing conditions were possible. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of some doped animal-origin HA coatings was also discussed.
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Motoc MM, Axente E, Popescu C, Sima LE, Petrescu SM, Mihailescu IN, Gyorgy E. Active protein and calcium hydroxyapatite bilayers grown by laser techniques for therapeutic applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2706-11. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Motoc
- National Institute for Lasers; Plasma and Radiation Physics; 077125 Bucharest; Romania
| | - E. Axente
- National Institute for Lasers; Plasma and Radiation Physics; 077125 Bucharest; Romania
| | - C. Popescu
- National Institute for Lasers; Plasma and Radiation Physics; 077125 Bucharest; Romania
| | - L. E. Sima
- Institute of Biochemistry; Romanian Academy; Splaiul Independentei 296; 060031 Bucharest; Romania
| | - S. M. Petrescu
- Institute of Biochemistry; Romanian Academy; Splaiul Independentei 296; 060031 Bucharest; Romania
| | - I. N. Mihailescu
- National Institute for Lasers; Plasma and Radiation Physics; 077125 Bucharest; Romania
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Mihailescu IN, Ristoscu C, Bigi A, Mayer I. Advanced Biomimetic Implants Based on Nanostructured Coatings Synthesized by Pulsed Laser Technologies. Laser-Surface Interactions for New Materials Production 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03307-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Capuccini C, Torricelli P, Sima F, Boanini E, Ristoscu C, Bracci B, Socol G, Fini M, Mihailescu IN, Bigi A. Strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite coatings synthesized by pulsed-laser deposition: in vitro osteoblast and osteoclast response. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:1885-93. [PMID: 18554996 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The increasing interest in strontium incorporation into biomaterials for hard tissue repair is justified by the growing evidence of its beneficial effect on bone. We successfully synthesized hydroxyapatite (HA) thin films with different extents of strontium substitution for calcium (0, 1, 3 or 7 at.%) by pulsed-laser deposition. The coatings displayed a granular surface and a good degree of crystallinity, which slightly diminished as strontium content increased. Osteoblast-like MG63 cells and human osteoclasts were cultured on the thin films up to 21 days. MG63 cells grown on the strontium-doped HA coatings displayed normal morphology, good proliferation and increased values of the differentiation parameters, whereas the number of osteoclasts was negatively influenced by the presence of strontium. The positive effect of the ion on bone cells was particularly evident in the case of coatings deposited from HA at relatively high strontium contents (3-7%), where significantly increased values of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, type I collagen and osteoprotegerin/TNF-related activation-induced cytokine receptor ratio, and considerably reduced values of osteoclast proliferation, were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Capuccini
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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György E, Axente E, Mihailescu IN, Predoi D, Ciuca S, Neamtu J. Creatinine biomaterial thin films grown by laser techniques. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2008; 19:1335-9. [PMID: 17914621 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Creatinine thin films were synthesised by matrix assisted pulsed laser deposition (PLD) techniques for enzyme-based biosensor applications. An UV KrF* (lambda=248 nm, tau approximately 10 ns) excimer laser source was used for the irradiation of the targets at incident fluence values in the 0.3-0.5 J/cm2 range. For the matrix assisted PLD the targets consisted on a frozen composite obtained by dissolving the biomaterials in distilled water. The surface morphology, chemical composition and structure of the obtained biomaterial thin films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as a function of the target preparation procedure and incident laser fluence.
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Affiliation(s)
- E György
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiations Physics, P.O. Box MG 36, Bucharest 77125, Romania.
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György E, Santiso J, Figueras A, Socol G, Mihailescu IN. Biomolecular papain thin films growth by laser techniques. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007; 18:1643-7. [PMID: 17483884 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Papain thin films were synthesised by matrix assisted and conventional pulsed laser deposition (PLD) techniques. The targets submitted to laser radiation consisted on a frozen composite obtained by dissolving the biomaterials in distilled water. For the deposition of the thin films by conventional PLD pressed biomaterial powder targets were submitted to laser irradiation. An UV KrF* excimer laser source was used in the experiments at 0.5 J/cm(2) incident fluence value, diminished one order of magnitude as compared to irradiation of inorganic materials. The surface morphology of the obtained thin films was studied by atomic force profilometry and atomic force microscopy. The investigations showed that the growth mode and surface quality of the deposited biomaterial thin films is strongly influenced by the target preparation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikö György
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiations Physics, P.O. Box MG 36, Bucharest V 76900, Romania.
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Bigi A, Bracci B, Cuisinier F, Elkaim R, Fini M, Mayer I, Mihailescu IN, Socol G, Sturba L, Torricelli P. Human osteoblast response to pulsed laser deposited calcium phosphate coatings. Biomaterials 2005; 26:2381-9. [PMID: 15585241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and Mn(2+)-doped carbonate hydroxyapatite (Mn-CHA) thin films were deposited on pure, highly polished and chemically etched Ti substrates with pulsed laser deposition. The coatings exhibit different composition, crystallinity and morphology that might affect their osteoconductivity. Human osteoblasts were cultured on the surfaces of OCP and Mn-CHA thin films, and the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation were evaluated up to 21 days. The cells showed a normal morphology and a very good rate of proliferation and viability in every experimental time. Alkaline phosphatase activity was always higher than the control and Ti groups. From days 7 to 21 collagen type I production was higher in comparison with control and Ti groups. The level of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) was lower at 3 and 7 days, but reached the highest values during following experimental times (14 and 21 days). Our data demonstrate that both calcium phosphate coatings favour osteoblasts proliferation, activation of their metabolism and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bigi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi, 2, Bologna 40126, Italy.
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György E, Toricelli P, Socol G, Iliescu M, Mayer I, Mihailescu IN, Bigi A, Werckman J. Biocompatible Mn2+-doped carbonated hydroxyapatite thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. J Biomed Mater Res A 2004; 71:353-8. [PMID: 15372467 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mn(2+)-doped carbonated hydroxyapatite (Mn-CHA) thin films were obtained by pulsed laser deposition on Ti substrates. The results of the performed complementary diagnostic techniques, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy investigations indicate that the films are crystalline with a Ca/P ratio of about 1.64-1.66. The optimum conditions, when nearly stoichiometric crystalline thin films were deposited, were found to be 10 Pa oxygen pressure, 400 degrees C substrate temperature, and postdeposition heat treatment in water vapors at the same substrate temperature. The films were seeded with L929 fibroblast and hFOB1.19 osteoblast cells and subjected to in vitro tests. Both fibroblast and osteoblast cells have a good adherence on the Mn-CHA film and on the Ti or polystyrene references. Proliferation and viability tests showed that osteoblast cells growth on Mn-CHA-coated Ti was enhanced as compared to uncoated pure Ti surfaces. Caspase-1 activity was not affected significantly by the material, showing that Mn-CHA does not induce apoptosis of cultured cells. These results demonstrate that Mn-CHA films on Ti should provoke a faster osteointegration of the coated implants as compared to pure Ti. (c) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 353-358, 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- E György
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 77125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
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Socol G, Torricelli P, Bracci B, Iliescu M, Miroiu F, Bigi A, Werckmann J, Mihailescu IN. Biocompatible nanocrystalline octacalcium phosphate thin films obtained by pulsed laser deposition. Biomaterials 2004; 25:2539-45. [PMID: 14751739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We extended for the first time pulsed laser ablation to the deposition of octacalcium phosphate Ca8H2(PO4)6.5H2O (OCP) thin films. The depositions were performed with a pulsed UV laser source (lambda=248 nm, tau> or =20 ns) in a flux of hot water vapors. The targets were sintered from crystalline OCP powder and the laser ablation fluence was set at values of 1.5-2 J/cm2. During depositions the collectors, Si or Ti substrates, were maintained at a constant temperature within the range 20-200 degrees C. The resulting structures were submitted to heat treatment in hot water vapors for up to 6 h. The best results were obtained at a substrate temperature of 150 degrees C during both deposition and post-deposition treatment. High-resolution electron microscopy and XRD at grazing incidence indicated that the coatings obtained were made of nanocrystalline OCP. Cross-section TEM investigations showed that the coatings contained droplets stacked on Ti substrates as well as distributed across the entire thickness of the arborescence-like structure layers. The results of WST-1 assay, cell adherence, DNA replication, and caspase-1 activity confirmed the good biocompatibility of the coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Socol
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 77125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
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