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Garemo M, Sundh V, Mellström D, Strandvik B. Serum phospholipid fatty acids are associated with bone mass in healthy 4-years-old children. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 200:102606. [PMID: 38181601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids are involved in bone development but knowledge in children is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate bone mass and mineral density in healthy preschool children in relation to fatty acids. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 111 healthy 4-yrs-old children (20 % overweight) bone was analysed by dual X-ray absorptiometry and serum phospholipid fatty acid by gas chromatography. Fat intake was calculated from 7 days self-reported dietary records and food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Total bone mass content (BMC) and mineral density (BMD) differed by sex in normal weight, but not in overweight children showing generally higher bone mass density than children with normal weight. Linoleic acid intake was strongly correlated to BMC and femoral BMD in normal weight children. Serum concentration of docosahexaenoic acid correlated positively to BMD in all children (p = 0.01), but linoleic and arachidonic acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids showed diverging associations with bone in normal weight and overweight children. CONCLUSION Serum phospholipid DHA was associated with bone density. Other fatty acids associations to bone sites differed in overweight children, analogue to the pattern in healthy 8-yrs-old.The finding need to be confirmed longitudinally and in a larger group of overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Garemo
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Valter Sundh
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- University of Gothenburg, Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Institutet of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Strandvik
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Remmel L, Tillmann V, Tamm AL, Mengel E, Jürimäe J. A Longitudinal Study of Bone Mineral Accrual during Growth in Competitive Premenarcheal Rhythmic Gymnasts. J Sports Sci Med 2021; 20:466-473. [PMID: 34267586 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to study whether prolonged competitive rhythmic gymnastics training influenced bone mineral accrual in premenarcheal girls. Eighty-nine girls (45 rhythmic gymnasts [RG] and 44 untrained controls [UC]) between 7 and 9 years of age were recruited and measured annually for four years (not all participants were measured at every occasion). Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess the development of whole body (WB), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral content (BMC). In addition, body composition, blood adipokine and jumping performance characteristics were obtained. For longitudinal analyses, hierarchical mixed-effects models were constructed to predict differences in the development of WB, FN and LS BMC between RG and UC groups, while accounting for differences in body composition, blood adipokine and jumping performance values. It appeared that from 8 years of age, RG had lower (p < 0.05) fat mass and leptin values, and higher (p < 0.05) jumping performance measures in comparison with UC girls. Hierarchical mixed-effects models demonstrated that RG had 71.9 ± 12.0, 0.23 ± 0.11 and 1.39 ± 0.42 g more (p < 0.05) WB, FN and LS BMC, respectively, in comparison with UC girls. In addition, WB, FN and LS BMC increased more (p < 0.05) between 7 to 12 years of age in RG girls in comparison with UC. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the prolonged exposure to competitive rhythmic gymnastics trainings in premenarcheal girls is associated with greater bone mineral accrual despite lower body fat mass and leptin values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liina Remmel
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Eva Mengel
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Tartu Health Care College, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Amor-Barbosa M, Girabent-Farrés M, Rosés-Noguer F, Ortega-Martínez A, Medina-Rincón A, Bagur-Calafat C. Development and Content Validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire-Young Children (PAQ-YC) to Assess Physical Activity in Children between 5 and 7 Years. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:655. [PMID: 34072953 PMCID: PMC8230329 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood is a critical period in the development and consolidation of healthy habits, such as the practice of physical activity (PA). It is essential to have valid instruments to measure PA from an early age. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate the content validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire-Young Children (PAQ-YC) to measure the PA level in children aged 5-7 years. The first version of the questionnaire was tested by a 2-round Delphi study. It was established as a consensus criterion that the relative interquartile range (RIR) and/or the coefficient of variation (CV) were ≤20%. The most significant discrepancies in the Delphi survey (n = 11-13) were observed for items about hours of Physical Education or similar activities at school (item 7: RIR = 20, CV = 38.73) and for items about participation in Physical Education (item 8: RIR = 25, CV = 15.45). The cognitive interviews (n = 5) confirmed the version agreed by the experts. The results show that the PAQ-YC presents adequate content validity in terms of relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Amor-Barbosa
- Physiotherapy Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (A.O.-M.); (C.B.-C.)
| | - Montserrat Girabent-Farrés
- Physiotherapy Department, School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, 08302 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ferran Rosés-Noguer
- Paediatric Cardiology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Paediatric Cardiology Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NR, UK
| | - Anna Ortega-Martínez
- Physiotherapy Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (A.O.-M.); (C.B.-C.)
- Physiotherapy Department, Fundació Aspace Catalunya, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Medina-Rincón
- Physiotherapy Department, School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, 08302 Barcelona, Spain;
- Rehabilitation Section, Centro Hospitalario Pere Virgili, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caritat Bagur-Calafat
- Physiotherapy Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (A.O.-M.); (C.B.-C.)
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4
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Şık N, Öztürk A, Koşay MC, Yılmaz D, Duman M. Accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound for determining the adequacy of pediatric forearm fracture reductions. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 48:243-248. [PMID: 33992985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to the determine the accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in assessing closed reduction (CR) of pediatric forearm fractures in a pediatric emergency setting. METHODS After determination of the need for CR using X-ray images by an orthopedic consultant, POCUS examinations were performed just before and after the reduction attempt. The transducer was positioned longitudinally over the dorsal, volar, and lateral surfaces of the radius and ulna to view the fracture site. The presence of angulation, displacement, or bayonetting of the fracture fragments was recorded. The adequacy of realignment according to the POCUS and the orthopedic consultant's final determination were recorded. RESULTS Sixty-two patients were enrolled in the study and 96 bones were evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of POCUS for adequacy of CR were 95.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 88.3-99.1)] and 95.8% (95% CI: 78.8-99.8), the positive predictive value was 98.5% (95% CI: 91.0-99.7), and the negative predictive value was 88.4% (95% CI: 71.6-95.8). The corresponding positive and negative likelihood ratios were 23 (3.37-156.77) and 0.04 (0.01-0.12). There was high agreement between POCUS and X-ray images for predicting adequacy of CR [κ: 0.892 (±0.053)]. There was also a significant correlation between POCUS and X-ray measurements of angulation and displacement performed before and after CR, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study has reported the successful use of POCUS for the management of pediatric forearm fractures in a pediatric emergency department. Point-of-care ultrasound can minimize radiation exposure and appears to be an alternative and accurate tool for reduction attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Şık
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Care, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Öztürk
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Care, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Can Koşay
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Durgül Yılmaz
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Care, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Duman
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Care, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
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5
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McLean RR, Samelson EJ, Lorbergs AL, Broe KE, Hannan MT, Boyd SK, Bouxsein ML, Kiel DP. Higher Hand Grip Strength Is Associated With Greater Radius Bone Size and Strength in Older Men and Women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10485. [PMID: 33977203 PMCID: PMC8101610 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical loading by muscles elicits anabolic responses from bone, thus age‐related declines in muscle strength may contribute to bone fragility in older adults. We used high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR‐pQCT) to determine the association between grip strength and distal radius bone density, size, morphology, and microarchitecture, as well as bone strength estimated by micro–finite element analysis (μFEA), among older men and women. Participants included 508 men and 651 women participating in the Framingham Offspring Study with grip strength measured in 2011–2014 and HR‐pQCT scanning in 2012–2015. Separately for men and women, analysis of covariance was used to compare HR‐pQCT measures among grip strength quartiles and to test for linear trends, adjusting for age, height, weight, smoking, and physical activity. Mean age was 70 years (range, 50–95 years), and men had higher mean grip strength than the women (37 kg vs. 21 kg). Bone strength estimated by μFEA‐calculated failure load was higher with greater grip strength in both men (p < 0.01) and women (p = 0.04). Higher grip strength was associated with larger cross‐sectional area in both men and women (p < 0.01), with differences in area of 6% and 11% between the lowest to highest grip strength quartiles in men and women, respectively. Cortical thickness was positively associated with grip strength among men only (p = 0.03). Grip strength was not associated with volumetric BMD (vBMD) in men. Conversely, there was a trend for lower total vBMD with higher grip strength among women (p = 0.02), though pairwise comparisons did not reveal any statistically significant differences in total vBMD among grip strength quartiles. Bone microarchitecture (cortical porosity, trabecular thickness, trabecular number) was not associated with grip strength in either men or women. Our findings suggest that the positive association between hand grip strength and distal radius bone strength may be driven primarily by bone size. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R McLean
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife Boston Massachusetts USA.,CorEvitas, LLC Waltham Massachusetts USA
| | - Elizabeth J Samelson
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife Boston Massachusetts USA.,Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - Marian T Hannan
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife Boston Massachusetts USA.,Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Steven K Boyd
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife Boston Massachusetts USA.,Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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6
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Liu Y, Bai YM. Efficacy of non-bridging external fixation in treating distal radius fractures. Orthop Surg 2020; 12:776-783. [PMID: 32343053 PMCID: PMC7307264 DOI: 10.1111/os.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the efficacy of non‐bridging external fixation in treating distal radius fractures (DRF) and its effect on wrist joint function. Methods The medical records of 207 patients who were treated for DRF between May 2008 and April 2017 in our hospital (age, 18.0–70.0 years; 99 males and 108 females) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had evident wrist trauma and the diagnosis of DRF was confirmed by imaging tests. A total of 101 patients received bridging external fixation (control group), whereas another 106 received non‐bridging external fixation (study group). At 12 weeks after the procedure, the treatment effect was measured using the Dienst scoring system (rating scale: ≤3 points, excellent; 4–7 points, good; 8–11 points, fair; >12 points, poor), and the wrist joint function was evaluated by Gartland and Werley classification (rating scale: 0–2 points, excellent; 3–8 points, good; 9–20 points, fair; >21 points, poor); meanwhile, the radial length, radial inclination, and palmar tilt were examined by X‐ray. Follow‐up visits were conducted once every 2 weeks for 6 months, and the incidences of complications in the two groups within 6 months after operation were recorded, including incision infection, Kirschner wire loosening, delayed fracture healing, and arthritis. Results There were no differences in the sex ratio, mean age, mean injury period, Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur osteosynthesefragen classification, and cause of fracture between the two groups (all P > 0.05). In terms of the treatment effects, the study group had a higher percentage of excellent results (P < 0.001) and lower percentages of fair and poor results (P = 0.002, P = 0.001) than the control group 12 weeks after treatment, while both groups had similar percentages of good results (P = 0.109). In terms of the score of the wrist joint function, the study group had a higher proportion of excellent result than the control group 12 weeks after treatment (P = 0.029), whereas no intergroup differences in the proportion of good, fair, and poor results were observed (all P > 0.05). After follow‐up for 6 months, the incidences of incision infection, Kirschner wire loosening, delayed fracture healing, and arthritis, as well as the total complication rate were found to be similar between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Using non‐bridging external fixation for treating DRF allows some level of wrist movement during the early stage of fixation, effectively maintains the radial length, radial inclination, and palmar tilt, and achieves better outcomes than bridging external fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Operating Room, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ming Bai
- The Second Department of Orthopaedics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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7
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Pate RR, Hillman CH, Janz KF, Katzmarzyk PT, Powell KE, Torres A, Whitt-Glover MC. Physical Activity and Health in Children Younger than 6 Years: A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1282-1291. [PMID: 31095085 PMCID: PMC6527328 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity is known to provide important health benefits in school-age youth. However, until recently, few studies have examined associations between physical activity and health in young children. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the relationship between physical activity and selected health outcomes in children younger than 6 yr. METHODS A systematic search identified randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies examining the associations between physical activity and adiposity/weight status, bone health, cardiometabolic health, and cognition in children younger than 6 yr. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies met inclusion criteria and served as the basis for this systematic review. For weight status/adiposity, 12 of 15 studies found negative associations between physical activity and one or more measures of the outcome. For bone health, 10 articles based on four studies were identified, and nine studies showed stronger bone in more active children. For cardiometabolic health, three studies were identified and findings were limited and inconsistent. For cognition, two systematic reviews were identified and findings were limited. For all four health outcomes, evidence of dose-response relationships and effect modification by demographic factors was very limited. CONCLUSIONS There is strong evidence indicating that higher amounts of physical activity are associated with better indicators of bone health and with reduced risk for excessive increases in weight and adiposity in children 3 to 6 yr. Evidence was too limited to support conclusions regarding the effects of physical activity on cardiometabolic health and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Departments of Psychology and Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen F Janz
- Departments of Health and Human Physiology and Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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8
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Auten JD, Naheedy JH, Hurst ND, Pennock AT, Hollenbach KA, Kanegaye JT. Comparison of pediatric post-reduction fluoroscopic- and ultrasound forearm fracture images. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 37:832-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Wagner P, Chapurlat R, Ecochard R, Szulc P. Low Muscle Strength and Mass Is Associated With the Accelerated Decline of Bone Microarchitecture at the Distal Radius in Older Men: the Prospective STRAMBO Study. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1630-1640. [PMID: 29734464 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Low muscle mass and strength are associated with poor bone microarchitecture. We studied the association of muscle mass and strength with changes in bone microarchitecture of distal radius in 821 older men during an 8-year prospective follow-up. Bone microarchitecture was assessed by high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (XtremeCT-1, Scanco) at baseline, then after 4 and 8 years. Relative appendicular lean mass of the upper limbs (RALM-u.l.) was calculated as DXA-measured lean mass of upper limbs divided by (height)2 . Relative grip strength was calculated as grip strength divided by height. Decrease in bone mineral content (BMC), total volumetric bone mineral density (Tt.vBMD), cortical thickness (Ct.Th), cortical area (Ct.Ar) and cortical vBMD (Ct.vBMD) accelerated with age. Trabecular area (Tb.Ar) expansion and trabecular bone deterioration accelerated with age. Men in the first RALM-u.l. quartile had more rapid loss of BMC, Tt.vBMD, Ct.Th, Ct.vBMD and Ct.Ar vs. the highest quartile. They had more rapid increase in Tb.Ar. Men in the lowest quartile of grip strength had greater decrease in BMC, Tt.vBMD, Ct.Th, Ct.vBMD, Ct.Ar, and greater increase in Tb.Ar vs. the highest quartile. In the models including ALM-u.l. and grip strength (not corrected for height), both muscle-related variables were associated with more rapid bone microarchitectural deterioration (slightly more so for grip strength). Trabecular vBMD (Tb.vBMD) and Central.Tb.vBMD increased in men having higher muscle mass and strength. Trends in trabecular number and thickness did not differ across the groups in all the analyses. Thus, in men, aging-related deterioration of bone microarchitecture was most rapid after the age of 80. Low grip strength (and slightly more weakly low RALM-u.l.) is associated with the more rapid decrease in Tt.vBMD and cortical variables, and with greater Tb.Ar expansion. In conclusion, dynapenia and sarcopenia contribute to the deterioration of bone microarchitecture in older men. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Wagner
- INSERM UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Roland Chapurlat
- INSERM UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - René Ecochard
- Department of Health Biostatistics, UMR CNRS 5558, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pawel Szulc
- INSERM UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
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Coheley LM, Kindler JM, Laing EM, Oshri A, Hill Gallant KM, Warden SJ, Peacock M, Weaver CM, Lewis RD. Whole egg consumption and cortical bone in healthy children. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1783-1791. [PMID: 29713797 PMCID: PMC6604058 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Eggs contain bioactive compounds thought to benefit pediatric bone. This cross-sectional study shows a positive link between childhood egg intake and radius cortical bone. If randomized trials confirm our findings, incorporating eggs into children's diets could have a significant impact in preventing childhood fractures and reducing the risk of osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION This study examined the relationships between egg consumption and cortical bone in children. METHODS The cross-sectional study design included 294 9-13-year-old black and white males and females. Three-day diet records determined daily egg consumption. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography measured radius and tibia cortical bone. Body composition and biomarkers of bone turnover were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Egg intake was positively correlated with radius and tibia cortical bone mineral content (Ct.BMC), total bone area, cortical area, cortical thickness, periosteal circumference, and polar strength strain index in unadjusted models (r = 0.144-0.224, all P < 0.050). After adjusting for differences in race, sex, maturation, fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST), and protein intakes, tibia relationships were nullified; however, egg intake remained positively correlated with radius Ct.BMC (r = 0.138, P = 0.031). Egg intake positively correlated with total body bone mineral density, BMC, and bone area in the unadjusted models only (r = 0.119-0.224; all P < 0.050). After adjusting for covariates, egg intake was a positive predictor of radius FFST (β = 0.113, P < 0.050) and FFST was a positive predictor of Ct.BMC (β = 0.556, P < 0.050) in path analyses. There was a direct influence of egg on radius Ct.BMC (β = 0.099, P = 0.035), even after adjusting for the mediator, FFST (β = 0.137, P = 0.020). Egg intake was positively correlated with osteocalcin in both the unadjusted (P = 0.005) and adjusted (P = 0.049) models. CONCLUSION If the positive influence of eggs on Ct.BMC observed in this study is confirmed through future randomized controlled trials, whole eggs may represent a viable strategy to promote pediatric bone development and prevent fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Coheley
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J M Kindler
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, Stone Hall 220-B, 770 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - E M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - A Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, The University of Georgia, 208 Family Science Center (House A), 403 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - K M Hill Gallant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, STON 207, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - S J Warden
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 1140 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Gatch Hall Suite 265, 1120 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - C M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, Stone Hall 220-B, 770 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA.
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Troy KL, Scerpella TA, Dowthwaite JN. Circum-menarcheal bone acquisition is stress-driven: A longitudinal study in adolescent female gymnasts and non-gymnasts. J Biomech 2018; 78:45-51. [PMID: 30055842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading through youth exercise is highly modifiable and represents a strategy to maximize peak adult bone mass, with the potential for broad implementation across the population to lower fracture risk. For girls, circum-menarcheal growth is critical, with around 50% of adult bone acquired over a 4-year period. Here, we prospectively followed 10 gymnasts and 12 age-matched non-gymnasts across approximately 4 years circum-menarche. A combination of pQCT and subject-specific finite element models were used to measure differences in bone acquisition and structure between the groups, and to determine the degree to which specific mechanical factors predict change in bone structure. At baseline, gymnasts had stronger bone, including 26% higher BMC, 51% greater compressive strength, and 21% higher trabecular density. Over the study period, both groups more than doubled their bone strength. Pre-menarcheal principal stresses predicted change in pQCT variables for non-gymnasts, but not gymnasts. The bone of non-gymnasts became more asymmetrical than the bone of gymnasts. Our results suggest that exposure to the diverse, intense mechanical signals of gymnastic loading during adolescence imparts substantial benefits to bone geometry and mechanical function. Specifically, the bone of gymnasts is better able to resist loading from multiple directions, and operates with a higher factor of safety compared to non-gymnasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Troy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States.
| | - Tamara A Scerpella
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jodi N Dowthwaite
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States; Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE To synthesize existing literatures on the impact of gymnastics participation on the skeletal health of young male gymnasts. METHODS Following a systematic search, 12 studies were included in this review. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE modified) criteria. RESULTS Assessment of skeletal health varied between and within imaging modality protocols. Gymnasts had higher total bone content, greater total and trabecular bone density, larger bone size, a thicker cortex, and higher estimates of bone strength than controls. Recreational studies reported no difference in height or weight between gymnasts and controls; however, elite gymnasts were shorter and lighter than nongymnasts. STROBE scores ranged from 65% to 95%. CONCLUSION Gymnastics participation may be beneficial to the bone health of young males as gymnasts had higher bone density and bone mineral content, larger bones, and greater estimates of bone strength than controls.
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Lloyd RS, Cronin JB, Faigenbaum AD, Haff GG, Howard R, Kraemer WJ, Micheli LJ, Myer GD, Oliver JL. National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Long-Term Athletic Development. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:1491-509. [PMID: 26933920 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There has recently been a growing interest in long-term athletic development for youth. Because of their unique physical, psychological, and social differences, children and adolescents should engage in appropriately prescribed exercise programs that promote physical development to prevent injury and enhance fitness behaviors that can be retained later in life. Irrespective of whether a child is involved in organized sport or engages in recreational physical activity, there remains a need to adopt a structured, logical, and evidence-based approach to the long-term development of athleticism. This is of particular importance considering the alarmingly high number of youth who fail to meet global physical activity recommendations and consequently present with negative health profiles. However, appropriate exercise prescription is also crucial for those young athletes who are physically underprepared and at risk of overuse injury because of high volumes of competition and an absence of preparatory conditioning. Whether the child accumulates insufficient or excessive amounts of exercise, or falls somewhere between these opposing ends of the spectrum, it is generally accepted that the young bodies of modern day youth are often ill-prepared to tolerate the rigors of sports or physical activity. All youth should engage in regular physical activity and thus should be viewed as "athletes" and afforded the opportunity to enhance athleticism in an individualized, holistic, and child-centered manner. Because of emerging interest in long-term athletic development, an authorship team was tasked on behalf of the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) to critically synthesize existing literature and current practices within the field and to compose a relevant position statement. This document was subsequently reviewed and formally ratified by the NSCA Board of Directors. A list of 10 pillars of successful long-term athletic development are presented, which summarize the key recommendations detailed within the position statement. With these pillars in place, it is believed that the NSCA can (a) help foster a more unified and holistic approach to long-term athletic development, (b) promote the benefits of a lifetime of healthy physical activity, and
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhodri S Lloyd
- 1Youth Physical Development Unit, School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; 2Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand; 3Center for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; 4Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey; 5Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania; 6Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; 7Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; 8Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 9The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Boston, Massachusetts; 10Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; 11Department of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and 12Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Meiring RM, Micklesfield LK, McVeigh JA. The effect of loading and ethnicity on annual changes in cortical bone of the radius and tibia in pre-pubertal children. Ann Hum Biol 2016; 43:520-526. [PMID: 26452753 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2015.1106009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear what effect habitual physical activity or ethnicity has on annual changes in bone size and strength in pre-pubertal children. AIM To determine whether the annual relative change in bone size and strength differed between high and low bone loaders and also between black and white pre-pubertal children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans of the 65% radius and tibia were completed on 41 black and white children (15 boys, 26 girls) between the ages of 8-11 years, at baseline and 1 year later. Children were categorised into either a high or low bone loading group from a peak bone strain score obtained from a bone-specific physical activity questionnaire. Total area (ToA), cortical area (CoA), cortical density (CoD), strength-strain index (SSI), periosteal circumference (PC), endosteal circumference (EC) and cortical thickness (CT) were assessed. RESULTS There was no difference in annual relative change in radial or tibia bone size and strength between the low and high bone loaders. Black children had a greater annual relative change in CoD (p = 0.03) and SSI (p = 0.05) compared to the white children. CONCLUSION Children who performed high bone loading activities over a 1-year period had similar bone growth to children who did low bone loading activities over the same period. Rapid maturational growth over this period may have resulted in bone adapting to the strains of habitual physical activity placed on it. Black children may have greater tibial bone strength compared to white children due to a greater annual increase in cortical density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Meiring
- a Exercise Laboratory, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa and
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- b MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Joanne A McVeigh
- a Exercise Laboratory, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa and
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Timme M, Steinacker JM, Schmeling A. Age estimation in competitive sports. Int J Legal Med 2017; 131:225-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Scerpella TA, Bernardoni B, Wang S, Rathouz PJ, Li Q, Dowthwaite JN. Site-specific, adult bone benefits attributed to loading during youth: A preliminary longitudinal analysis. Bone 2016; 85:148-59. [PMID: 26826335 PMCID: PMC4947934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined site-specific bone development in relation to childhood and adolescent artistic gymnastics exposure, comparing up to 10years of prospectively acquired longitudinal data in 44 subjects, including 31 non-gymnasts (NON) and 13 gymnasts (GYM) who participated in gymnastics from pre-menarche to ≥1.9years post-menarche. Subjects underwent annual regional and whole-body DXA scans; indices of bone geometry and strength were calculated. Anthropometrics, physical activity, and maturity were assessed annually, coincident with DXA scans. Non-linear mixed effect models centered growth in bone outcomes at menarche and adjusted for menarcheal age, height, and non-bone fat-free mass to evaluate GYM-NON differences. A POST-QUIT variable assessed the withdrawal effect of quitting gymnastics. Curves for bone area, mass (BMC), and strength indices were higher in GYM than NON at both distal radius metaphysis and diaphysis (p<0.0001). At the femoral neck, greater GYM BMC (p<0.01), narrower GYM endosteal diameter (p<0.02), and similar periosteal width (p=0.09) yielded GYM advantages in narrow neck cortical thickness and buckling ratio (both p<0.001; lower BR indicates lower fracture risk). Lumbar spine and sub-head BMC were greater in GYM than NON (p<0.036). Following gymnastics cessation, GYM slopes increased for distal radius diaphysis parameters (p≤0.01) and for narrow neck BR (p=0.02). At the distal radius metaphysis, GYM BMC and compressive strength slopes decreased, as did slopes for lumbar spine BMC, femoral neck BMC, and narrow neck cortical thickness (p<0.02). In conclusion, advantages in bone mass, geometry, and strength at multiple skeletal sites were noted across growth and into young adulthood in girls who participated in gymnastics loading to at least 1.9years post-menarche. Following gymnastics cessation, advantages at cortical bone sites improved or stabilized, while advantages at corticocancellous sites stabilized or diminished. Additional longitudinal observation is necessary to determine whether residual loading benefits enhance lifelong skeletal strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara A Scerpella
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Ave, 6th floor, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Musculoskeletal Science Research Center, Institute for Human Performance, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Rm. 3202, 505 Irving Ave., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Brittney Bernardoni
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Sijian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Paul J Rathouz
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Quefeng Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Jodi N Dowthwaite
- Musculoskeletal Science Research Center, Institute for Human Performance, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Rm. 3202, 505 Irving Ave., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, 201 Women's Building, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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18
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Võsoberg K, Tillmann V, Tamm AL, Jürimäe T, Maasalu K, Jürimäe J. Adipocytokine and ghrelin levels in relation to bone mineral density in prepubertal rhythmic gymnasts entering puberty: a 3-year follow-up study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:831-9. [PMID: 26879077 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in rhythmic gymnasts (RG) entering puberty and their age-matched untrained controls (UC) over the 36-month period, and associations with leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin over this period. METHODS Whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD, WB bone mineral content (BMC), and leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin were measured in 35 RG and 33 UC girls at baseline and at 12-month intervals over the next 3 years. The change over the 36 months was calculated (∆ score). RESULTS The pubertal development over the next 36 months was slower in RG compard to UC, while there was no difference in bone age development between the groups. BMD at all sites was higher in RG in comparison with UC at every measurement point. ∆LS BMD and ∆FN BMD, but not ∆WB BMD and ∆WB BMC, were higher in RG compared with UC. None of the measured hormones at baseline or their ∆ scores correlated with ∆BMD and ∆BMC in RG. Baseline fat free mass correlated with ∆WB BMD and ∆WB BMC in RG, while baseline leptin was related to ∆WB BMC, ∆WB BMD and ∆LS BMD in UC. CONCLUSIONS Measured baseline hormones and their ∆ scores did not correlate with increases in bone mineral values in RG entering puberty. Although the pubertal development in RG was slower than in UC, high-intensity training appeared to increase BMD growth and counterbalance negative effects of slow pubertal develpment, lower fat mass and leptin in RG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Võsoberg
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 18. Ülikooli St., 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Toivo Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 18. Ülikooli St., 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katre Maasalu
- Clinics of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 18. Ülikooli St., 50090, Tartu, Estonia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent clinical findings surrounding the muscle-bone relationships in children, while considering muscle adiposity, endocrine factors, and lifestyle influences (i.e., diet and exercise) involved in pediatric musculoskeletal development. RECENT FINDINGS Positive relationships between cortical bone geometry and muscle mass, size and function have been reported. Prospective studies in particular have helped clarify some of the inconsistent relationships between muscle and cortical bone volumetric density. Muscle fat is associated with impaired glucose handling and muscular functionality, which may in turn have a downstream effect on cortical bone growth during adolescence. Lifestyle factors such as healthful diets and higher impact physical activities can promote optimal skeletal development by improving the muscular phenotype and endocrine profile. SUMMARY Muscle and bone are two intricately-related tissue types; however, factors such as sex, maturation, study design, and outcome measures studied can modify this relationship. Further research is warranted to understand the impact of muscle adiposity on cardiometabolic health, muscle function and, subsequently, pediatric musculoskeletal development and fracture risk. Following age-specific diet and physical activity recommendations should be a major focus in obtaining optimal muscle and bone development throughout maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Kindler
- aDepartment of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens bDepartment of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Courteix D, Valente-dos-Santos J, Ferry B, Lac G, Lesourd B, Chapier R, Naughton G, Marceau G, João Coelho-e-Silva M, Vinet A, Walther G, Obert P, Dutheil F. Multilevel Approach of a 1-Year Program of Dietary and Exercise Interventions on Bone Mineral Content and Density in Metabolic Syndrome--the RESOLVE Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136491. [PMID: 26376093 PMCID: PMC4574281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Weight loss is a public health concern in obesity-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, restrictive diets might induce bone loss. The nature of exercise and whether exercise with weight loss programs can protect against potential bone mass deficits remains unclear. Moreover, compliance is essential in intervention programs. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects that modality and exercise compliance have on bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD). Methods We investigated 90 individuals with MetS who were recruited for the 1-year RESOLVE trial. Community-dwelling seniors with MetS were randomly assigned into three different modalities of exercise (intensive resistance, intensive endurance, moderate mixed) combined with a restrictive diet. They were compared to 44 healthy controls who did not undergo the intervention. Results This intensive lifestyle intervention (15–20 hours of training/week + restrictive diet) resulted in weight loss, body composition changes and health improvements. Baseline BMC and BMD for total body, lumbar spine and femoral neck did not differ between MetS groups and between MetS and controls. Despite changes over time, BMC or BMD did not differ between the three modalities of exercise and when compared with the controls. However, independent of exercise modality, compliant participants increased their BMC and BMD compared with their less compliant peers. Decreases in total body lean mass and negative energy balance significantly and independently contributed to decreases in lumbar spine BMC. Conclusion After the one year intervention, differences relating to exercise modalities were not evident. However, compliance with an intensive exercise program resulted in a significantly higher bone mass during energy restriction than non-compliance. Exercise is therefore beneficial to bone in the context of a weight loss program. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00917917
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Courteix
- Clermont Auvergne University, Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Research Centre in Human Nutrition (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - João Valente-dos-Santos
- Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lisbon, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Béatrice Ferry
- Clermont Auvergne University, Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Research Centre in Human Nutrition (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gérard Lac
- Clermont Auvergne University, Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Research Centre in Human Nutrition (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Lesourd
- Clermont Auvergne University, Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Research Centre in Human Nutrition (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Auvergne University, Faculty of Medicine, Geriatric, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Robert Chapier
- Clermont Auvergne University, Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Research Centre in Human Nutrition (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Geraldine Naughton
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffroy Marceau
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Biochemistry, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Manuel João Coelho-e-Silva
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Agnès Vinet
- Laboratory of Pharm-Ecology Cardiovascular (EA4278), University of Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Guillaume Walther
- Laboratory of Pharm-Ecology Cardiovascular (EA4278), University of Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Philippe Obert
- Laboratory of Pharm-Ecology Cardiovascular (EA4278), University of Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Clermont Auvergne University, Blaise Pascal University, Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological conditions (AME2P, EA3533), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Research Centre in Human Nutrition (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
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