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Lin YC, Hwu Y, Huang GS, Hsiao M, Lee TT, Yang SM, Lee TK, Chen NY, Yang SS, Chen A, Ka SM. Differential synchrotron X-ray imaging markers based on the renal microvasculature for tubulointerstitial lesions and glomerulopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3488. [PMID: 28615647 PMCID: PMC5471266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High resolution synchrotron microtomography capable of revealing microvessels in three dimensional (3D) establishes distinct imaging markers of mouse kidney disease strongly associated to renal tubulointerstitial (TI) lesions and glomerulopathy. Two complementary mouse models of chronic kidney disease (CKD), unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), were used and five candidates of unique 3D imaging markers were identified. Our characterization to differentially reflect the altered microvasculature of renal TI lesions and/or glomerulopathy demonstrated these image features can be used to differentiate the disease status and the possible cause therefore qualified as image markers. These 3D imaging markers were further correlated with the histopathology and renal microvessel-based molecular study using antibodies against vascular endothelial cells (CD31), the connective tissue growth factor or the vascular endothelial growth factor. We also found that these 3D imaging markers individually characterize the development of renal TI lesions or glomerulopathy, quantitative and integrated use of all of them provide more information for differentiating the two renal conditions. Our findings thus establish a practical strategy to characterize the CKD-associated renal injuries by the microangiography-based 3D imaging and highlight the impact of dysfunctional microvasculature as a whole on the pathogenesis of the renal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeukuang Hwu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Shu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Tse Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Min Yang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kuo Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yow Chen
- National Center for High-Performance Computing, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Sen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, Academy of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lin H, Jing J, Lu YF, Xie C, Lin XJ, Yang GY. Effect of iodine contrast agent concentration on cerebrovascular dose for synchrotron radiation microangiography based on a simple mouse head model and a voxel mouse head phantom by Monte Carlo simulation. J Synchrotron Radiat 2016; 23:304-311. [PMID: 26698078 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515019025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Effective setting strategies using Monte Carlo simulation are presented to mitigate the irradiation damage in synchrotron radiation microangiography (SRA). A one-dimensional mouse head model and a segmented voxel phantom mouse head were simulated using the EGSnrc/DOSXYZnrc code to investigate the dose enhancement effect of an iodine contrast agent irradiated by a monochromatic synchrotron radiation source. The influence of the iodine concentration, vessel width and depth, protection with and without the skull layer, and various incident X-ray energies were all simulated. The dose enhancement effect and the absolute dose based on the segmented voxel mouse head phantom were evaluated. The dose enhancement ratio depended little on the irradiation depth, but strongly and linearly increasing on iodine concentration. The protection given by the skull layer cannot be ignored in SRA because a 700 µm-thick skull can decrease the dose by 10%. The incident X-ray energy can affect the dose significantly. Compared with a dose of 33.2 keV for 50 mgI ml(-1), a dose of 32.7 keV decreased by 38%, whereas a dose of 33.7 keV increased by 69.2% and the variation strengthened more with enhanced iodine concentration. The segmented voxel mouse head phantom also showed that the average dose enhancement effect and the maximal voxel dose per photon depended little on the iodine voxel volume ratio but strongly on the iodine concentration. To decrease the damage caused by the dose in SRA, a high-Z contrast agent should be used as little as possible and irradiation of the injection site of the contrast agent should be avoided immediately after the injection. The fragile vessel containing iodine should avoid being closely irradiated. Avoiding irradiating through a thin (or no) skull region, or attaching a thin equivalent material on the outside for protection are better methods. An incident X-ray energy as low as possible should be used as long as the SRA image quality is ensured. The use of the synergetic and synchronous shuttering technique in SRA is also very critical in order to effectively shorten the accumulative irradiation time in in vivo animal irradiation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- School of Electronic Science and Application Physics, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Jing
- School of Electronic Science and Application Physics, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Lu
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Centre, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Xie
- School of Electronic Science and Application Physics, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Lin
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Centre, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Centre, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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Lai SF, Ko BH, Chien CC, Chang CJ, Yang SM, Chen HH, Petibois C, Hueng DY, Ka SM, Chen A, Margaritondo G, Hwu Y. Gold nanoparticles as multimodality imaging agents for brain gliomas. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:85. [PMID: 26589283 PMCID: PMC4654925 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery, in particular for brain cancer therapy. However, this requires a detailed analysis of nanoparticles from the associated microvasculature to the tumor, not easy because of the required high spatial resolution. The objective of this study is to demonstrate an experimental solution of this problem, based in vivo and post-mortem whole organ imaging plus nanoscale 3-dimensional (3D) X-ray microscopy. Results The use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as contrast agents paved the way to a detailed high-resolution three dimensional (3D) X-ray and fluorescence imaging analysis of the relation between xenografted glioma cells and the tumor-induced angiogenic microvasculature. The images of the angiogenic microvessels revealed nanoparticle leakage. Complementary tests showed that after endocytotic internalization fluorescent AuNPs allow the visible-light detection of cells. Conclusions AuNP-loading of cells could be extended from the case presented here to other imaging techniques. In our study, they enabled us to (1) identify primary glioma cells at inoculation sites in mice brains; (2) follow the subsequent development of gliomas. (3) Detect the full details of the tumor-related microvasculature; (4) Finding leakage of AuNPs from the tumor-related vasculature, in contrast to no leakage from normal vasculature. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-015-0140-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Feng Lai
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Bai-Hung Ko
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Chi Chien
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ju Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Ming Yang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Hsin Chen
- Inserm U1029 LMMA, University of Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Cyril Petibois
- Inserm U1029 LMMA, University of Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.
| | - G Margaritondo
- School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Y Hwu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Blery P, Pilet P, Bossche AV, Thery A, Guicheux J, Amouriq Y, Espitalier F, Mathieu N, Weiss P. Vascular imaging with contrast agent in hard and soft tissues using microcomputed-tomography. J Microsc 2015; 262:40-9. [PMID: 27002484 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is essential for many tissues and is a main requisite for various tissue-engineering strategies. Different techniques are used for highlighting vasculature, in vivo and ex vivo, in 2-D or 3-D including histological staining, immunohistochemistry, radiography, angiography, microscopy, computed tomography (CT) or micro-CT, both stand-alone and synchrotron system. Vascularization can be studied with or without a contrast agent. This paper presents the results obtained with the latest Skyscan micro-CT (Skyscan 1272, Bruker, Belgium) following barium sulphate injection replacing the bloodstream in comparison with results obtained with a Skyscan In Vivo 1076. Different hard and soft tissues were perfused with contrast agent and were harvested. Samples were analysed using both forms of micro-CT, and improved results were shown using this new micro-CT. This study highlights the vasculature using micro-CT methods. The results obtained with the Skyscan 1272 are clearly defined compared to results obtained with Skyscan 1076. In particular, this instrument highlights the high number of small vessels, which were not seen before at lower resolution. This new micro-CT opens broader possibilities in detection and characterization of the 3-D vascular tree to assess vascular tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Blery
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Université de Nantes, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - P Pilet
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - A Vanden- Bossche
- Inserm U1059, Laboratoire de Biologie intégrative du Tissu Osseux, Faculté de Médecine, 15 rue Ambroise Paré, 42023 Saint-Etienne cedex
| | - A Thery
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Hôtel Dieu, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - J Guicheux
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Y Amouriq
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Université de Nantes, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - F Espitalier
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Hôtel Dieu, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - N Mathieu
- IRSN Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN/PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc BP17, 92260 Fontenay aux roses, France
| | - P Weiss
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Université de Nantes, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
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Lin H, Kou B, Li X, Wang Y, Ding B, Shi C, Liu H, Tang R, Sun J, Yan F, Zhang H. Grating-based phase-contrast imaging of tumor angiogenesis in lung metastases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121438. [PMID: 25811626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the feasibility of the grating-based phase-contrast imaging (GPI) technique for studying tumor angiogenesis in nude BALB/c mice, without contrast agents. Methods We established lung metastatic models of human gastric cancer by injecting the moderately differentiated SGC-7901 gastric cancer cell line into the tail vein of nude mice. Samples were embedded in a 10% formalin suspension and dried before imaging. Grating-based X-ray phase-contrast images were obtained at the BL13W beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) and compared with histological sections. Results Without contrast agents, grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging still differentiated angiogenesis within metastatic tumors with high spatial resolution. Vessels, down to tens of microns, showed gray values that were distinctive from those of the surrounding tumors, which made them easily identifiable. The vessels depicted in the imaging study were similar to those identified on histopathology, both in size and shape. Conclusions Our preliminary study demonstrates that grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging has the potential to depict angiogenesis in lung metastases.
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Lundström U, Westermark UK, Larsson DH, Burvall A, Arsenian Henriksson M, Hertz HM. X-ray phase contrast with injected gas for tumor microangiography. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:2801-11. [PMID: 24801363 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/11/2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We show that the microvasculature of mouse tumors can be visualized using propagation-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging with gas as the contrast agent. The large density difference over the gas-tissue interface provides high contrast, allowing the imaging of small-diameter blood vessels with relatively short exposure times and low dose using a compact liquid-metal-jet x-ray source. The method investigated is applied to tumors (E1A/Ras-transformed mouse embryonic fibroblasts) grown in mouse ears, demonstrating sub-15-µm-diameter imaging of their blood vessels. The exposure time for a 2D projection image is a few seconds and a full tomographic 3D map takes some minutes. The method relies on the strength of the vasculature to withstand the gas pressure. Given that tumor vessels are known to be more fragile than normal vessels, we investigate the tolerance of the vasculature of 12 tumors to gas injection and find that a majority withstand 200 mbar pressures, enough to fill 12-µm-diameter vessels with gas. A comparison of the elasticity of tumorous and non-tumorous vessels supports the assumption of tumor vessels being more fragile. Finally, we conclude that the method has the potential to be extended to the imaging of 15 µm vessels in thick tissue, including mouse imaging, making it of interest for, e.g., angiogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lundström
- Biomedical and X-Ray Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology/Albanova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Cousins A, Thompson SK, Wedding AB, Thierry B. Clinical relevance of novel imaging technologies for sentinel lymph node identification and staging. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:269-79. [PMID: 24189095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept has become a standard of care for patients with breast cancer and melanoma, yet its clinical application to other cancer types has been somewhat limited. This is mainly due to the reduced accuracy of conventional SLN mapping techniques (using blue dye and/or radiocolloids as lymphatic tracers) in cancer types where lymphatic drainage is more complex, and SLNs are within close proximity to other nodes or the tumour site. In recent years, many novel techniques for SLN mapping have been developed including fluorescence, x-ray, and magnetic resonant detection. Whilst each technique has its own advantages/disadvantages, the role of targeted contrast agents (for enhanced retention in the SLN, or for immunostaging) is increasing, and may represent the new standard for mapping the SLN in many solid organ tumours. This review article discusses current limitations of conventional techniques, limiting factors of nanoparticulate based contrast agents, and efforts to circumvent these limitations with modern tracer architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Cousins
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Sarah K Thompson
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - A Bruce Wedding
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
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Chien C, Tseng P, Chen H, Hua T, Chen S, Chen Y, Leng W, Wang C, Hwu Y, Yin G, Liang K, Chen F, Chu Y, Yeh H, Yang Y, Yang C, Zhang G, Je J, Margaritondo G. Imaging cells and sub-cellular structures with ultrahigh resolution full-field X-ray microscopy. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:375-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen C, Li YF, Qu Y, Chai Z, Zhao Y. Advanced nuclear analytical and related techniques for the growing challenges in nanotoxicology. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8266-303. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60111k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Noreen R, Moenner M, Hwu Y, Petibois C. FTIR spectro-imaging of collagens for characterization and grading of gliomas. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1432-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Chien CC, Chen HH, Lai SF, Hwu Y, Petibois C, Yang CS, Chu Y, Margaritondo G. X-ray imaging of tumor growth in live mice by detecting gold-nanoparticle-loaded cells. Sci Rep 2012; 2:610. [PMID: 22934133 PMCID: PMC3429882 DOI: 10.1038/srep00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that sufficient concentrations of gold nanoparticles produced by an original synthesis method in EMT-6 and CT-26 cancer cells make it possible to detect the presence, necrosis and proliferation of such cells after inoculation in live mice. We first demonstrated that the nanoparticles do not interfere with the proliferation process. Then, we observed significant differences in the tumor evolution and the angiogenesis process after shallow and deep inoculation. A direct comparison with pathology optical images illustrates the effectiveness of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Chien
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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12
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Chien CC, Cheng CC, Chen HH, Hwu Y, Chu YS, Petibois C, Chen A, Ching YT, Margaritondo G. X-ray microscopy and tomography detect the accumulation of bare and PEG-coated gold nanoparticles in normal and tumor mouse tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1287-96. [PMID: 22918568 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that, with appropriate staining, high-resolution X-ray microscopy can image complicated tissue structures--cerebellum and liver--and resolve large or small amounts of Au nanoparticles in these tissues. Specifically, images of tumor tissue reveal high concentrations of accumulated Au nanoparticles. PEG (poly(ethylene glycol)) coating is quite effective in enhancing this accumulation and significantly modifies the mechanism of uptake by reticuloendothelial system (RES) organs.
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Chien CC, Chen HH, Lai SF, Wu KC, Cai X, Hwu Y, Petibois C, Chu Y, Margaritondo G. Gold nanoparticles as high-resolution X-ray imaging contrast agents for the analysis of tumor-related micro-vasculature. J Nanobiotechnology 2012; 10:10. [PMID: 22409971 PMCID: PMC3316138 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-10-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is widely investigated in conjunction with cancer development, in particular because of the possibility of early stage detection and of new therapeutic strategies. However, such studies are negatively affected by the limitations of imaging techniques in the detection of microscopic blood vessels (diameter 3-5 μm) grown under angiogenic stress. We report that synchrotron-based X-ray imaging techniques with very high spatial resolution can overcome this obstacle, provided that suitable contrast agents are used. RESULTS We tested different contrast agents based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the detection of cancer-related angiogenesis by synchrotron microradiology, microtomography and high resolution X-ray microscopy. Among them only bare-AuNPs in conjunction with heparin injection provided sufficient contrast to allow in vivo detection of small capillary species (the smallest measured lumen diameters were 3-5 μm). The detected vessel density was 3-7 times higher than with other nanoparticles. We also found that bare-AuNPs with heparin allows detecting symptoms of local extravascular nanoparticle diffusion in tumor areas where capillary leakage appeared. CONCLUSIONS Although high-Z AuNPs are natural candidates as radiology contrast agents, their success is not guaranteed, in particular when targeting very small blood vessels in tumor-related angiography. We found that AuNPs injected with heparin produced the contrast level needed to reveal--for the first time by X-ray imaging--tumor microvessels with 3-5 μm diameter as well as extravascular diffusion due to basal membrane defenestration. These results open the interesting possibility of functional imaging of the tumor microvasculature, of its development and organization, as well as of the effects of anti-angiogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Chien
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Lai
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Chao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yeukuang Hwu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Cyril Petibois
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248 - CBMN, F33405 Talence-Cedex, France
| | - Yong Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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Lai SF, Chien CC, Chen WC, Chen YY, Wang CH, Hwu Y, Yang CS, Margaritondo G. Size control of gold nanoparticles by intense X-ray irradiation: the relevant parameters and imaging applications. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20260c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Chien CC, Kempson IM, Wang CL, Chen HH, Hwu Y, Chen NY, Lee TK, Tsai KK, Liu MS, Chang KY, Yang CS, Margaritondo G. Complete microscale profiling of tumor microangiogenesis: a microradiological methodology reveals fundamental aspects of tumor angiogenesis and yields an array of quantitative parameters for its characterization. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:396-401. [PMID: 22193280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complete profiling would substantially facilitate the fundamental understanding of tumor angiogenesis and of possible anti-angiogenesis cancer treatments. We developed an integrated synchrotron-based methodology with excellent performances: detection of very small vessels by high spatial resolution (~1 μm) and nanoparticle contrast enhancement, in vivo dynamics investigations with high temporal resolution (~1 ms), and three-dimensional quantitative morphology parametrization by computer tracing. The smallest (3-10 μm) microvessels were found to constitute >80% of the tumor vasculature and exhibit many structural anomalies. Practical applications are presented, including vessel microanalysis in xenografted tumors, monitoring the effects of anti-angiogenetic agents and in vivo detection of tumor vascular rheological properties.
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Chen TY, Chen YT, Wang CL, Kempson IM, Lee WK, Chu YS, Hwu Y, Margaritondo G. Full-field microimaging with 8 keV X-rays achieves a spatial resolutions better than 20 nm. Opt Express 2011; 19:19919-19924. [PMID: 21997000 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.019919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fresnel zone plates (450 nm thick Au, 25 nm outermost zone width) used as objective lenses in a full field transmission reached a spatial resolution better than 20 nm and 1.5% efficiency with 8 keV photons. Zernike phase contrast was also realized without compromising the resolution. These are very significant achievements in the rapid progress of high-aspect-ratio zone plate fabrication by combined electron beam lithography and electrodeposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yu Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Noreen R, Pineau R, Chien CC, Cestelli-Guidi M, Hwu Y, Marcelli A, Moenner M, Petibois C. Functional histology of glioma vasculature by FTIR imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:795-801. [PMID: 21556748 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) imaging has been used to investigate brain tumor angiogenesis using a mice solid tumor model and bare-gold (∅ 25 nm) or BaSO(4) (∅ 500 nm) nanoparticles (NP) injected into blood vasculature. FTIR images of 20-μm-thick tissue sections were used for chemical histology of healthy and tumor areas. Distribution of BaSO(4)-NP (using the 1,218-1,159 cm(-1) spectral interval) revealed clearly all details of blood vasculature with morphological abnormalities of tumor capillaries, while Au-NP (using the 1,046-1,002 cm(-1) spectral interval) revealed also diffusion properties of leaky blood vessels. Diffusion of Au-NP out of vascular space reached 64 ± 29 μm, showing the fenestration of "leaky" tumor blood vessels, which should allow small NP (<100 nm, as for Au-NP) to diffuse almost freely, while large NP should not (as for BaSO(4)-NP in this study). Therefore, we propose to develop FTIR imaging as a convenient tool for functional molecular histology imaging of brain tumor vasculature, both for identifying blood capillaries and for determining the extravascular diffusion space offered by vessel fenestration.
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Chen HH, Chien CC, Petibois C, Wang CL, Chu YS, Lai SF, Hua TE, Chen YY, Cai X, Kempson IM, Hwu Y, Margaritondo G. Quantitative analysis of nanoparticle internalization in mammalian cells by high resolution X-ray microscopy. J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:14. [PMID: 21477355 PMCID: PMC3098147 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative analysis of nanoparticle uptake at the cellular level is critical to nanomedicine procedures. In particular, it is required for a realistic evaluation of their effects. Unfortunately, quantitative measurements of nanoparticle uptake still pose a formidable technical challenge. We present here a method to tackle this problem and analyze the number of metal nanoparticles present in different types of cells. The method relies on high-lateral-resolution (better than 30 nm) transmission x-ray microimages with both absorption contrast and phase contrast -- including two-dimensional (2D) projection images and three-dimensional (3D) tomographic reconstructions that directly show the nanoparticles. RESULTS Practical tests were successfully conducted on bare and polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated gold nanoparticles obtained by x-ray irradiation. Using two different cell lines, EMT and HeLa, we obtained the number of nanoparticle clusters uptaken by each cell and the cluster size. Furthermore, the analysis revealed interesting differences between 2D and 3D cultured cells as well as between 2D and 3D data for the same 3D specimen. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of our method, proving that it is accurate enough to measure the nanoparticle uptake differences between cells as well as the sizes of the formed nanoparticle clusters. The differences between 2D and 3D cultures and 2D and 3D images stress the importance of the 3D analysis which is made possible by our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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