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Çelen Yücetürk S, Azaz AD. Production, purification, and determination of the biochemical properties of β-glucosidase in Trichoderma koningii via solid substrate fermentation. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 0:znc-2024-0026. [PMID: 38646860 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2024-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The β-glucosidase enzyme was obtained from Trichoderma koningii Oudem. NRRL 54330 under optimal conditions by solid substrate fermentation (SSF) using corn cobs as substrate. The enzyme was purified by two-step procedures, ammonium sulphate precipitation and cefarose-4B-l-tyrosine-1-naphthylamine hydrophobic interaction chromatography, followed by biochemical and kinetic characterisation. The β-glucosidase was obtained from T. koningii using ground corn cob as substrate and Na2HPO4, pH 9, as humidification medium. The optimum conditions for enzyme production by SSF were 30 °C and 6 days. The purification efficiency of the obtained β-glucosidase was calculated to be 22.56-fold with a yield of 73.51 %. In the determination of β-glucosidase activity, p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG) substrate was used, and the optimum pH and temperature values at which β-glucosidase showed high activity were determined to be pH 3.0 and 75 °C. The purity of the enzyme and the presence/number of subunits were checked using two different electrophoretic methods, SDS-PAGE and NATIVE-PAGE electrophoretic methods. The K m and V max values of the purified enzyme were determined to be 0.16 mM and 2000 EU respectively. It was also found that d-(+)-glucose and δ-gluconolactone inhibitors exhibited competitive inhibition of β-glucosidase in the presence of pNPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Çelen Yücetürk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, 53003 Balikesir University , 10145 Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Dilek Azaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, 53003 Balikesir University , 10145 Balıkesir, Türkiye
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Lagunes-Reyes M, Sánchez JE, Andrade-Gallegos RH, Gutiérrez-Hernández RF, Camacho-Morales RL. Biodegradation of agave Comiteco bagasse by Pleurotus spp.: a source of cellulases useful in hydrolytic treatment to produce reducing sugars. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:356. [PMID: 37814639 PMCID: PMC10560175 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the production parameters of five strains of Pleurotus spp. during their cultivation on agave Comiteco bagasse, as well as the feasibility of using cellulolytic extracts to produce reducing sugars in the same bagasse. After cultivation, the basidiome production parameters varied between 41.2 and 65.7% (biological efficiency), 0.17 and 0.30 (yield), 0.60 and 0.90% (production rate), 16.4 and 41.1% (Bioconversion) and 9.4 and 21.3 g (mean mushroom weight). At day 15 of growth, P. djamor showed the highest β-glucosidase activity (43.95 ± 4.5 IU/g); on day 33. The same strain had the highest endoglucanase activity (21.12 ± 0.5 IU/ml). Both extracts were partially purified, and the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km were estimated (20.83 µmole/ml sec and 232.01 µmole/ml for β-glucosidase and 685.01 µmole/ml sec and 1,240.34 µmole/ml for endoglucanase). In the enzymatic hydrolysis assay, the highest concentration of reducing sugars (43.13 ± 1.09 g/L; 0.21 g/g bagasse) was obtained by a mixture of the two partially purified extracts acting synergistically after 48 h and with a pH adjustment. The results suggest that the use of agave Comiteco bagasse for cultivating edible mushrooms while obtaining cellulolytic extracts is an alternative treatment for waste reduction and valorization of agro-industrial by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Lagunes-Reyes
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
| | - José E Sánchez
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
| | | | - Rubén F. Gutiérrez-Hernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Instituto Tecnológico de Tapachula, Tecnológico Nacional de México, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
| | - Reyna L. Camacho-Morales
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Álvaro Obregón s/n, Nueva, 21100 Mexicali, BC Mexico
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3
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Kaur A, Bhatia S, Phutela U. Partial Purification and Characterization of Cellulolytic Enzymes Extracted from Trichoderma reesei Inoculated Digested Biogas Slurry. J PURE APPL MICROBIO 2017; 11:1953-1963. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.4.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hernández‐Guzmán A, Flores‐Martínez A, Ponce‐Noyola P, Villagómez‐Castro JC. Purification and characterization of an extracellular β-glucosidase from Sporothrix schenckii. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:1067-1077. [PMID: 27833847 PMCID: PMC5095144 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An extracellular β-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.21), induced by cellulose in the mycelial form of human pathogen fungus Sporothrix schenckii, was purified to homogeneity using hydroxyapatite (HAp) adsorption chromatography in batch and Sephacryl S200-HR size exclusion chromatography. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 197 kDa by size exclusion chromatography with a subunit of 96.8 kDa determined by SDS/PAGE. The β-glucosidase exhibited optimum catalytic activity at pH 5.5/45 °C and was relatively stable for up to 24 h at 45 °C. Isoelectric focusing displayed an enzyme with a pI value of 4.0. Its activity was inhibited by Fe2+ but not by any other ions or chelating agents. Km and Vmax values of the purified enzyme were 0.012 mm and 2.56 nmol·min-1·mg-1, respectively, using 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-glucopyranoside (4-MUG) as the substrate and 44.14 mm and 22.49 nmol·min-1·mg-1 when p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG) was used. The purified β-glucosidase was active against cellobioside, laminarin, 4-MUG, and p-NPG and slightly active against 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-cellobioside and p-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside but did not hydrolyze 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-xyloside, 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-galactopyranoside nor 4-methylumbelliferyl α-D-glucopyranoside. In addition, the enzyme showed transglycosylation activity when it was incubated along with different oligosaccharides. Whether the transglycosylation and cellulase activities function in vivo as a mechanism involved in the degradation of cellulolytic biomass in the saprophytic stage of S. schenckii remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Hernández‐Guzmán
- Departamento de BiologíaDivisión de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad de GuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Alberto Flores‐Martínez
- Departamento de BiologíaDivisión de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad de GuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Patricia Ponce‐Noyola
- Departamento de BiologíaDivisión de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad de GuanajuatoMéxico
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Wang
- Yibin University; School of Life science and Food Engineering; 8 Jiusheng Road, Wuliangye Ave Yibin Sichuan 644007 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- 8 Jiusheng Road, Wuliangye Ave Yibin Sichuan 644007 China
| | - Yan Xu
- 1800 Lihu Ave Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Jiming Li
- Changyu Group Company Ltd; Center of Science and Technology; 1 Jichang Rd Yantai Shantong 264000 China
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Narasimha G, Sridevi A, Ramanjaneyulu G, Rajasekhar Reddy B. Purification and Characterization of β-Glucosidase fromAspergillus niger. International Journal of Food Properties 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1023398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Muensean K, Kim SM. Purification and characterization of β-glucosidase produced by Trichoderma citrinoviride cultivated on microalga Chlorella vulgaris. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368381501010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhu FM, Du B, Li J. Improvement of β-Glucosidase Production by Protoplast Fusion BetweenAspergillus Oryzae3.481 andAspergillus Niger3.316 Using Response Surface Methodology. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2012.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Cabezas L, Calderon C, Medina LM, Bahamon I, Cardenas M, Bernal AJ, Gonzalez A, Restrepo S. Characterization of cellulases of fungal endophytes isolated from Espeletia spp. J Microbiol 2012; 50:1009-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-2130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Wang Q, Qian C, Zhang XZ, Liu N, Yan X, Zhou Z. Characterization of a novel thermostable β-glucosidase from a metagenomic library of termite gut. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 51:319-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Gao Z, Van Hop D, Yen LTH, Ando K, Hiyamuta S, Kondo R. The production of β-glucosidases by Fusarium proliferatum NBRC109045 isolated from Vietnamese forest. AMB Express 2012; 2:49. [PMID: 22974424 PMCID: PMC3496603 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium proliferatum NBRC109045 is a filamentous fungus isolated from Vietnamese forest due to high production of β-glucosidases. Production of the enzyme was studied on varied carbon source based mediums. The highest activity was obtained in medium containing 1% corn stover + 1% wheat bran (3.31 ± 0.14 U/ml). It is interesting to note that glucose (0.69 ± 0.02 U/ml) gave higher activity and just followed by cellobiose among the di- and mono-saccharides, which is generally regarded as a universal repressor of hydrolases. We improved the zymogram method to prove that in response to various carbon sources, F. proliferatum could express various β-glucosidases. One of the β-glucosidases produced by F. proliferatum growing in corn stover + wheat bran based medium was partially purified and proved to have high catalytic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Gao
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Duong Van Hop
- Center of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Hoang Yen
- Center of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Katsuhiko Ando
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiyamuta
- Advanced Technology Laboratories IDEMITSU KOSAN Co., Ltd, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Kondo
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Bezerra JDP, Santos MGS, Svedese VM, Lima DMM, Fernandes MJS, Paiva LM, Souza-motta CM. Richness of endophytic fungi isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica Mill. (Cactaceae) and preliminary screening for enzyme production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:1989-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-1001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Kim JH, Bae JT, Song MH, Lee GS, Choe SY, Pyo HB. Biological activities of Fructus arctii fermented with the basidiomycete Grifola frondosa. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1943-51. [PMID: 21191759 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-1209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fructus arctii extract containing phenolic glycosides was cultured with Grifola frondosa mycelia to produce β-glucosidase and its biological activities were studied. This β-glucosidase converted the glycosides (arctiin and caffeic acid derivatives) into aglycones (arctigenin and caffeic acid). Fermented Fructus arctii extract (G-FAE) with G. frondosa had antioxidant and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activities. The photoprotective potential of G-FAE was tested in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) exposed to ultra-violet A (UVA). It was revealed that G-FAE had an inhibitory effect on human interstitial collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase, MMP-1) expression in UVA-irradiated HDF. The treatment of UVA-irradiated HDF with G-FAE resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the expression level of MMP-1 mRNA. G-FAE also showed notable stimulation of collagen biosynthetic activity for fibroblasts. These diverse functionalities suggest that G-FAE could be a promising cosmetic ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hwa Kim
- R & D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co., Umsung 369-834, Korea
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15
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Zhu FM, Du B, Gao HS, Liu CJ, Li J. Purification and characterization of an intracellular β-glucosidase from the protoplast fusant of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683810060116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Ng IS, Chen PT, Ju YM, Tsai SW. Novel Cellulase Screening and Optimal Production from the Wood Decaying Xylariaceae: Daldinia Species. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010. [PMID: 20960239 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The highest cellulases production from Daldinia caldariorum 263 (D-263) was found among Daldinia eschscholzii and Daldinia childiae. Three cellulases, one xylanase and one β-glucosidase of the molecular weights 55, 43, 34, 30, and 105 kDa, respectively, were determined by zymographic sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From the N-terminal sequencing, the major cellulase CelA belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 5 was determined. By following an orthogonal experiment design (L9), factors affecting the cultivation of D. caldariorum 263 are ranked as medium composition > temperature > pH ≥ FP (%). The optimum cultivation conditions for obtaining the best FPase (600 mU/ml) at 72 h are 150 rpm, 35 °C, pH 7, 0.2% soy peptone and 0.5% α-cellulose in minimal requirement medium. In comparison with Trichoderma reesei (ATCC26921) secreting 1,135 mU/ml of FPase after 6 days cultivation at pH 5, D. caldariorum 263 grew faster at 35 °C and produced the maximum FPase within 3 days at pH 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China,
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Nguyen N, Lee K, Lee K, Kim I, Kim Y, Jeya M, Lee J. One-step purification and characterization of a β-1,4-glucosidase from a newly isolated strain of Stereum hirsutum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:2107-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Joo AR, Jeya M, Lee KM, Lee KM, Moon HJ, Kim YS, Lee JK. Production and characterization of β-1,4-glucosidase from a strain of Penicillium pinophilum. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jeya M, Joo AR, Lee KM, Tiwari MK, Lee KM, Kim SH, Lee JK. Characterization of β-glucosidase from a strain of Penicillium purpurogenum KJS506. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 86:1473-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Revised: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Joo AR, Jeya M, Lee KM, Sim WI, Kim JS, Kim IW, Kim YS, Oh DK, Gunasekaran P, Lee JK. Purification and characterization of a β-1,4-glucosidase from a newly isolated strain of Fomitopsis pinicola. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:285-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Watanapokasin R, Sawasjirakij N, Usami S, Kirimura K. Polyploid formation between Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride for enhanced citric acid production from cellulose. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 143:176-86. [PMID: 18025606 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-8022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The first-stage heterokaryons, obtaining from intergeneric protoplast fusion between Aspergillus niger (Y-b) and Trichoderma viride (M5S51), showed slow growth and mixed morphologies on minimal medium. The fusants were classified into heterokaryon and prototrophic haploid, showing the morphology as that of A. niger. The heterokaryon strains formed conidia with the same nutritional requirements as those of the original auxotrophic mutant strains. After several subcultivations on minimal medium containing d-camphor, some heterokaryon strains formed larger two to seven nuclei/conidium as compared to one nucleus/conidium of the auxotrophic mutant and prototrophic strains, indicating that the new hybrids were generated. Interestingly, three fusant strains AT 11-2-3, AT 11-2-10, and AT 11-2-14 produce 19.2, 6.1, and 10.5 g/l citric acid, respectively, in semisolid culture containing cellulose, whereas A. niger Yang no. 2 could not use carboxymethyl cellulose as the sole carbon source for citric acid production. In addition, the average maximum beta-glucosidase and carboxymethylcellulase productions from AT 11-2-3, AT 11-2-10, and AT 11-2-14 were about 16- and 4-folds higher than those of A. niger, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramida Watanapokasin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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22
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Hu Y, Luan H, Hao D, Xiao H, Yang S, Yang L. Purification and characterization of a novel ginsenoside-hydrolyzing β-d-glucosidase from the China white jade snail (Achatina fulica). Enzyme Microb Technol 2007; 40:1358-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Valášková V, Baldrian P. Degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses by the brown rot fungus Piptoporus betulinus – production of extracellular enzymes and characterization of the major cellulases. Microbiology (Reading) 2006; 152:3613-3622. [PMID: 17159214 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.29149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Piptoporus betulinus is a common wood-rotting fungus parasitic for birch (Betula species). It is able to cause fast mass loss of birch wood or other lignocellulose substrates. When grown on wheat straw, P. betulinus caused 65 % loss of dry mass within 98 days, and it produced endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EG), endo-1,4-β-xylanase, endo-1,4-β-mannanase, 1,4-β-glucosidase (BG), 1,4-β-xylosidase, 1,4-β-mannosidase and cellobiohydrolase activities. The fungus was not able to efficiently degrade crystalline cellulose. The major glycosyl hydrolases, endoglucanase EG1 and β-glucosidase BG1, were purified. EG1 was a protein of 62 kDa with a pI of 2.6–2.8. It cleaved cellulose internally, produced cellobiose and glucose from cellulose and cellooligosaccharides, and also showed β-xylosidase and endoxylanase activities. The K
m for carboxymethylcellulose was 3.5 g l−1, with the highest activity at pH 3.5 and 70 °C. BG1 was a protein of 36 kDa with a pI around 2.6. It was able to produce glucose from cellobiose and cellooligosaccharides, but also produced galactose, mannose and xylose from the respective oligosaccharides and showed some cellobiohydrolase activity. The K
m for p-nitrophenyl-1,4-β-glucoside was 1.8 mM, with the highest activity at pH 4 and 60 °C, and the enzyme was competitively inhibited by glucose (K
i=5.8 mM). The fungus produced mainly β-glucosidase and β-mannosidase activity in its fruit bodies, while higher activities of endoglucanase, endoxylanase and β-xylosidase were found in fungus-colonized wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Valášková
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Wood-Rotting Fungi, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Wood-Rotting Fungi, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Liu Q, Wang H, Ng TB. First report of a xylose-specific lectin with potent hemagglutinating, antiproliferative and anti-mitogenic activities from a wild ascomycete mushroom. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:1914-9. [PMID: 16952421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
From fresh fruiting bodies of the wild ascomycete mushroom (Xylaria hypoxylon) a lectin with N-terminal sequence resemblance to a part of Aspergillus oryzae genome and only slight similarity to fungal immunomodulatory protein from the mushroom Flammulina velutipes was isolated. The protocol comprised extraction with water, precipitation from the aqueous extract using 80% saturated (NH(4))(2)SO(4), ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose, and then gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75. Lectin activity was adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and unadsorbed on CM-cellulose. The lectin appeared as a single band with a molecular mass of 14.4 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a single 28.8-kDa peak in gel filtration on Superdex 75. The lectin exhibited highly potent antiproliferative activity toward tumor cell lines, and exerted a potent anti-mitogenic action on mouse splenocytes. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was inhibited by inulin and xylose. It was stable up to 35 degrees C. At 40 degrees C its hemagglutinating activity was reduced by 50%, and it dwindled to 12.5% of the original activity at 50 degrees C. The hemagglutinating activity was also sensitive to NaOH and HCl solutions. The hemagglutinating activity was unaffected by CaCl(2) and ZnCl(2), and was potentiated substantially in the presence of AlCl(3) and FeCl(3). The distinctive features of this lectin comprise a unique sugar specificity, and highly potent hemagglutinating, antiproliferative and anti-mitogenic activities. X. hypoxylon lectin differs in molecular mass, N-terminal sequence and sugar specificity from previously reported ascomycete mushroom lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Liu
- Sate Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Randhir R, Vattem D, Shetty K. Solid-state bioconversion of fava bean by Rhizopus oligosporus for enrichment of phenolic antioxidants and l-DOPA. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2004; 5:235-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vattem DA, Shetty K. Ellagic acid production and phenolic antioxidant activity in cranberry pomace (Vaccinium macrocarpon) mediated by Lentinus edodes using a solid-state system. Process Biochem 2003; 39:367-79. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(03)00089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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de Palma-Fernandez ER, Gomes E, da Silva R. Purification and characterization of two beta-glucosidases from the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2002; 47:685-90. [PMID: 12630320 DOI: 10.1007/bf02818672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
beta-Glucosidase from the fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus grown on semi-solid fermentation medium (using ground corncob as substrate) was partially purified in 5 steps--ultrafiltration, ethanol precipitation, gel filtration and 2 anion exchange chromatography runs, and characterized. After the first anion exchange chromatography, beta-glucosidase activity was eluted in 3 peaks (Gl-1, Gl-2, Gl-3). Only the Gl-2 and Gl-3 fractions were adsorbed on the gel matrix. Gl-2 and Gl-3 exhibited optimum pH at 4.5 and 4.0, respectively. The temperature optimum of both glucosidases was at 75-80 degrees C. The pH stability of Gl-2 (4.0-9.0) was higher than Gl-3 (5.5-8.5); both enzyme activities showed similar patterns of thermostability. Under conditions of denaturing gel chromatography the molar mass of Gl-2 and Gl-3 was 175 and 157 kDa, respectively. Using 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside as substrate, Km values of 1.17 +/- 0.35 and 1.38 +/- 0.86 mmol/L were determined for Gl-2 and Gl-3, respectively. Both enzymes were inhibited by Ag+ and stimulated by Ca2+.
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Abstract
Inhibitory activity toward beta-glucosidase was detected in extracts of the lichen, Umbilicaria esculenta. The extract showed strong inhibition of disaccharide hydrolytic enzymes of mold and mammalian origin, but weak or no inhibition of polysaccharide hydrolytic enzymes except glucoamylase and laminarinase. The inhibitor in the extract was very stable, retaining more than 95% of its activity when treated with heat, acid, alkali, and some hydrolytic enzymes. Purified inhibitor was identified as 1-deoxynojirimycin (1,5-dideoxy-1,5-immino-D-glucitol) by NMR spectrometry, which was known to be produced by Streptomyces sp. and the plant Morus sp. Extracts from Parmelia austrosinensis, Parmelia praesorediosa, and an unidentified lichen species, showed glucosidase inhibitory activities similar to U. esculenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Songnam, Korea
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