1
|
Tuomela K, Ambrose AR, Davis DM. Escaping Death: How Cancer Cells and Infected Cells Resist Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867098. [PMID: 35401556 PMCID: PMC8984481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes are critical in our immune defence against cancer and infection. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells can directly lyse malignant or infected cells in at least two ways: granule-mediated cytotoxicity, involving perforin and granzyme B, or death receptor-mediated cytotoxicity, involving the death receptor ligands, tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and Fas ligand (FasL). In either case, a multi-step pathway is triggered to facilitate lysis, relying on active pro-death processes and signalling within the target cell. Because of this reliance on an active response from the target cell, each mechanism of cell-mediated killing can be manipulated by malignant and infected cells to evade cytolytic death. Here, we review the mechanisms of cell-mediated cytotoxicity and examine how cells may evade these cytolytic processes. This includes resistance to perforin through degradation or reduced pore formation, resistance to granzyme B through inhibition or autophagy, and resistance to death receptors through inhibition of downstream signalling or changes in protein expression. We also consider the importance of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cytotoxicity and resistance mechanisms against this pathway. Altogether, it is clear that target cells are not passive bystanders to cell-mediated cytotoxicity and resistance mechanisms can significantly constrain immune cell-mediated killing. Understanding these processes of immune evasion may lead to novel ideas for medical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karoliina Tuomela
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley R Ambrose
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Davis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fabi F, Adam P, Vincent K, Demontigny F, Parent S, Joncas FH, Asselin E. Inhibition of CRM1 activity sensitizes endometrial and ovarian cell lines to TRAIL-induced cell death. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:39. [PMID: 29973205 PMCID: PMC6033231 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRM1 enrichment has been shown to be indicative of invasive as well as chemoresistant tumors. On the other hand, TRAIL, a powerful and specific anti-tumoral agent, has yet to be used effectively to treat gynecological tumors in patients. In the present study, we examined if CRM1, a nuclear exporter capable of mediating protein transport, could be a relevant target to restore chemosensitivity in chemoresistant cells. We thus explored the hypothesis that CRM1-driven nuclear exclusion of tumor suppressors could lead to chemoresistance and that CRM1 inhibitors could present a novel therapeutic approach, allowing sensitization to chemotherapeutic agents. METHODS Ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as endometrial cancer cell lines, were treated with leptomycin B (LMB), cisplatin and TRAIL, either singly or in combination, in order to induce apoptosis. Western blot and flow cytometry analysis were used to quantify caspases activation and apoptosis induction. Immunofluorescence was used to determine nuclear localization of p53. Colony formation assays were performed to determine therapeutic effectiveness; p53 siRNA were used to establish p53 role in sensitization. Additional information from GEO database and Prognoscan allowed us to contextualise the obtained results. Finally, qRT-PCR was performed to measure apoptotic regulators expression. RESULTS TRAIL and LMB combination therapy lead to cleavage of caspase-3 as well as the appearance of cleaved-PARP, and thus, apoptosis. Further experiments suggested that sensitization was achieved through the synergistic downregulation of multiple inhibitor of apoptosis, as well as the activation of apoptotic pathways. p53 was enriched in the nucleus following LMB treatments, but did not seem to be required for sensitization; additional experiments suggested that p53 opposed the apoptotic effects of LMB and TRAIL. Results obtained from public data repositories suggested that CRM1 was a driver of chemoresistance and poor prognostic; DR5, on the other hand, acted as as a marker of positive prognostic. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that the use of CRM1 inhibitors, in combination to chemotherapeutic compounds, could be highly effective in the treatment of gynecological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Fabi
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - Pascal Adam
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - Keven Vincent
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - Françis Demontigny
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - Sophie Parent
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - France-Hélène Joncas
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - Eric Asselin
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsikalakis S, Chatziandreou I, Michalopoulos NV, Theodoropoulos GE, Sakellariou S, Korkolopoulou P, Patsouris E, Saetta AA. Comprehensive expression analysis of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and its receptors in colorectal cancer: Correlation with MAPK alterations and clinicopathological associations. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:826-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
4
|
Gottwald L, Pasz-Walczak G, Piekarski J, Szwalski J, Kubiak R, Spych M, Suzin J, Tyliński W, Sęk P, Jeziorski A. Membrane expression of trail receptors DcR1 and DcR2 in the normal endometrium, endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid endometrial cancer. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 34:346-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.889667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
5
|
Braga LDC, Silva LM, Ramos APÁDS, Piedade JB, Vidigal PVT, Traiman P, da Silva Filho AL. Single CpG island methylation is not sufficient to maintain the silenced expression of CASPASE-8 apoptosis-related gene among women with epithelial ovarian cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 68:87-91. [PMID: 24412083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite impressive research efforts, the biology of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains poorly understood and alterations in the expression of CASPASE-8 contribute to a worse tumor prognosis. This study assesses the methylation of the CpG island within the CASPASE-8 promoter and CASPASE-8 gene expression both in cystadenoma tumors and in primary and metastatic EOC. DNA and RNA were obtained from women with normal ovarian tissues (n=18), ovarian serous cystadenoma tumors (n=11) and EOC (n=16) using Trizol(®). The methylation frequency of the CpG island in the CASPASE-8 promoter was assessed using the methylation-specific PCR assay after DNA bisulfite conversion. Quantitative PCR was performed to quantify the relative levels of CASPASE-8 in each sample. The differences between samples with each group were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests as indicated. Hemimethylation of the CASPASE-8 promoter was found in 11.8% of the normal ovary samples, 20% of the cystadenoma tumors and 20% of the metastatic EOC, while methylation of the CASPASE-8 promoter was absent in the EOC primary tissues (P=0.047). An increased CASPASE-8 expression level was observed in all tumor groups. Significant differences were observed in the CASPASE-8 expression levels when compared with all ovarian tumor groups (P=0.0278). Promoter DNA methylation did not associate with expression levels of CASPASE-8, suggesting the presence of other mechanisms in relation to gene expression control in EOC; thus providing a better understanding of this complex disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia da Conceição Braga
- Serviço de Biologia Celular, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil; Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, S.P., Brazil
| | - Luciana Maria Silva
- Serviço de Biologia Celular, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | | | - Josiane Barbosa Piedade
- Serviço de Biologia Celular, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - Paula Vieira Teixeira Vidigal
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - Paulo Traiman
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, S.P., Brazil
| | - Agnaldo Lopes da Silva Filho
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil; Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, S.P., Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gottwald L, Szwalski J, Piekarski J, Pasz-Walczak G, Kubiak R, Spych M, Suzin J, Tyliński W, Sęk P, Jeziorski A. Membrane expression of the death ligand trail receptors DR4 and DR5 in the normal endometrium, endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid endometrial cancer. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2013; 33:512-8. [PMID: 23815209 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.790886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To assess membrane expression of DR4 and DR5 in the normal endometrium (NE), endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) and endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC), the study examined 101 patients: 20 NE, 14 EAH and 67 EEC. The expression of DR4 and DR5 was examined and presented as the total score (TS). DR4 expression was seen in 18 NE, 11 EAH and 10 EEC. DR5 expression was seen in 20 NE, 13 EAH and 21 EEC. A strong correlation between type of endometrial tissue and TS of both receptors was identified. In EEC TS of DR4 and DR5 was not related to grading, staging or survival. Malignant transformation in the endometrium is related to reduction of membrane DR4 and DR5 expression. The level of membrane staining of the receptors in EEC is not dependent on grading and staging, and is not sufficient to predict survival in EEC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gottwald
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Paderewskiego 4, 93 – 509 Lodz, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gottwald L, Piekarski J, Kubiak R, Szwalski J, Pasz-Walczak G, Sęk P, Spych M, Suzin J, Tyliński W, Jeziorski A. Membrane expression of TRAIL receptors DR4, DR5, DcR1 and DcR2 in the normal endometrium, atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrioid adenocarcinoma: a tissue microarray study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 288:889-99. [PMID: 23584885 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-2840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the membrane expression of DR4, DR5, DcR1 and DcR2 in the normal endometrium (NE), atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC). Methods The study comprised 197 patients: 20 NE, 18 AEH and 159 EAC. Tissue microarrays were constructed. Membrane expression of DR4, DR5, DcR1 and DcR2 was examined and presented as total score (TS). Results In EAC, the membrane expression of DR4, DR5 and DcR2 was less common compared to NE (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p = 0.018) and AEH (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p = 0.004). In EAC the membrane expression of DcR1 did not differ when compared to NE (p = 0.055) and AEH (p = 0.173). A strong correlation was found between the type of endometrial tissue (NE/AEH/EAC) and the TS of DR4 (p < 0.001), DR5 (p < 0.001), DcR1 (p = 0.033) and DcR2 (p < 0.001). In EAC, the TS of DR4, DR5, DcR1 and DcR2 was not related to grading and staging. In EAC, the membrane expression of DR5, but not DR4, DcR1 and DcR2, was related to better disease-free survival (DFS). The overall survival (OS) was not related to membrane TRAIL receptors expression. Conclusions The membrane expression of the receptors for TRAIL DR4, DR5, DcR1 and DcR2 is greater in NE than EAC. The level of membrane staining of the receptors in EAC is not dependent on grading and staging. In EAC patients, membrane expression of DR4, DR5, DcR1 and DcR2 are not independent predictors of survival.
Collapse
|
8
|
Thangaraju S, Subramani E, Chakravarty B, Chaudhury K. Therapeutic targeting of the TNF superfamily: A promising treatment for advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 127:426-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
9
|
Braga Lda C, Alvares da Silva Ramos AP, Traiman P, Silva LM, Lopes da Silva-Filho A. TRAIL-R3-related apoptosis: epigenetic and expression analyses in women with ovarian neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 126:268-73. [PMID: 22555108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the expression of TRAIL-R3 and the methylation of a CpG island within the TRAIL-R3 promoter both in cystadenoma tumors and primary and metastatic epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). METHODS RNA was obtained from women with normal ovarian (NO) tissues (n=18), ovarian serous cystadenoma tumors (n=11) and EOC (n=16) using Trizol. Quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to quantify the relative levels of TRAIL-R3. The methylation frequency of the CpG island in the TRAIL-R3 promoter was assessed using the methylation-specific PCR (MSP) assay after DNA bisulfite conversion. The differences between the groups were evaluated using the chi-square, Student's t, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis tests as indicated. The survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Cystadenoma and metastatic EOC tumors expressed significantly more TRAIL-R3 mRNA than primary EOC tumors. Methylation of the TRAIL-R3 promoter was absent in NO tissues, while hemimethylation of the TRAIL-R3 promoter was frequently found in the neoplasia samples with 45.4% of the cystadenoma tumors, 8.3% of the primary EOC samples and 11.1% of the metastatic EOC samples showing at least partial methylation (p=0.018). Neither the expression of TRAIL-R3 nor alterations in the methylation profile were associated to cumulative progression-free survival or the overall survival in EOC patients. CONCLUSIONS Primary EOC is associated to a lower TRAIL-R3 expression, which leads to a better understanding of the complex disease and highlighting potential therapeutic targets. Promoter DNA methylation was not related to this finding, suggesting the presence of other mechanisms to transcriptional control.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cai HH, Sun YM, Miao Y, Gao WT, Peng Q, Yao J, Zhao HL. Aberrant methylation frequency of TNFRSF10C promoter in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2011; 10:95-100. [PMID: 21269942 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(11)60014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that many tumors are initiated by both epigenetic abnormalities and gene mutations, which promote tumor progression. Epigenetic abnormalities include changes in DNA methylation and in the modification of histones. This study aimed to assess the status of methylation in the CpG island (CGI) of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10c (TNFRSF10C) with combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) and to evaluate its role in the progression of pancreatic cancer (PC). METHODS The methylation status of four PC cell lines was assessed using COBRA and/or bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS). Changes in methylation and TNFRSF10C expression in PC cell lines before and after treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and/or trichostatin A (TSA) were assessed by BGS and real-time RT-PCR. Apoptosis in the four cell lines was tested by flow cytometry (FCM) and TUNEL assay. RESULTS The methylation status of the TNFRSF10C promoter was assessed in PC cells (BxPC-3: 68.84+/-8.71%; CFPAC-1: 0; PANC-1: 96.77+/-4.57%; SW1990: 54.97+/-7.33%) with the COBRA assay, which was confirmed by the results of BGS. After treatment with 5-aza-dC and/or TSA, apoptosis was induced in PC cells to different degrees, and the levels of TNFRSF10C transcriptional expression in the PC cell lines (except CFPAC-1) increased markedly after 5-aza-dC treatment. CONCLUSIONS A high frequency of CGI methylation in the TNFRSF10C promoter results in inactivation of the gene and enhancement of tumor growth in most PC cell lines (except CFPAC-1). Inactivation of TNFRSF10C by CGI hypermethylation can play an important role in PC progression and be potentially useful as a diagnostic marker and a new therapeutic approach for PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Cai
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|