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Gülmez A, Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Tönge Ç, Yaprak A, Türkoğlu ME, Önder E, Ergüder Bİ, Sargon MF, Gürer B, Kertmen H. Neuroprotective Effects of Dexpanthenol on Rabbit Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Model. World Neurosurg 2022; 167:e172-e183. [PMID: 35948219 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dexpanthenol (DXP) reportedly protects tissues against oxidative damage in various inflammation models. This study aimed to evaluate its effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and neurological recovery in an experimental rabbit spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCIRI) model. METHODS Rabbits were randomized into 5 groups of 8 animals each: group 1 (control), group 2 (ischemia), group 3 (vehicle), group 4 (methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg), and group 5 (DXP, 500 mg/kg). The control group underwent laparotomy only, whereas other groups were subjected to spinal cord ischemia by aortic occlusion (just caudal to the 2 renal arteries) for 20 min. After 24 h, a modified Tarlov scale was employed to record neurological examination results. Malondialdehyde and caspase-3 levels and catalase and myeloperoxidase activities were analyzed in tissue and serum samples. Xanthine oxidase activity was measured in the serum. Histopathological and ultrastructural evaluations were also performed in the spinal cord. RESULTS After SCIRI, serum and tissue malondialdehyde and caspase-3 levels and myeloperoxidase and serum xanthine oxidase activities were increased (P < 0.05-0.001). However, serum and tissue catalase activity decreased significantly (P < 0.001). DXP treatment was associated with lower malondialdehyde and caspase-3 levels and reduced myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase activities but increased catalase activity (P < 0.05-0.001). Furthermore, DXP was associated with better histopathological, ultrastructural, and neurological outcome scores. CONCLUSIONS This study was the first to evaluate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective effects of DXP on SCIRI. Further experimental and clinical investigations are warranted to confirm that DXP can be administered to treat SCIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Gülmez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Çağhan Tönge
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yaprak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Erhan Türkoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evrim Önder
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin İmge Ergüder
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Bora Gürer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayri Kertmen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Luna-López A, Flores-González GA, Rivera-Ruz IA, Librado-Osorio R, Erosa-De Haro LA, Königsberg M, Alarcón-Aguilar A. Methotrexate Induces an Antioxidant Hormetic Response in Primary Rat Astrocytes. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221130752. [PMCID: PMC9619289 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221130752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have increased worldwide in recent years. Their relationship with oxidative stress has motivated the research to find therapies and medications capable of suppressing oxidative damage and therefore slowing the progression of these diseases. Glutathione (GSH) is the most important cellular antioxidant in living beings and is responsible for regulating the cellular redox state. However, GSH cannot be administered by any route of administration, so molecules that increase its levels by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway are explored; since Nrf2 regulates the main genes involved in GSH de novo synthesis and recycling. Astrocytes are the most important cell-type in the antioxidant cell response and are responsible for providing GSH and other substrates for neurons to have an efficient antioxidant response. Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-inflammatory agent that has different cellular effects when administered at low or high concentrations. So in this study, we used MTX different concentrations and exposure times to induce a hormetic antioxidant response in rat primary astrocytes. Our results showed that 20 nM MTX pre-conditioning for 12 h augmented the GSH/GSSG ratio and protected cellular viability against a toxic MTX and H2O2 insult, which was abrogated when Nrf2 was inhibited by brusatol. Hence, MTX subsequent studies as a drug to counteract the progression of some stress-associated neurodegenerative diseases are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Luna-López
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, CDMX, México
| | - Giovanna Adonahi Flores-González
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
| | - Itzel Alejandra Rivera-Ruz
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
| | - Raúl Librado-Osorio
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, CDMX, México
| | | | - Mina Königsberg
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
| | - Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CDMX, México,Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, México D.F. C.P 09340, México.
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Guan Z, Liang Y, Wang X, Zhu Z, Yang A, Li S, Yu J, Niu B, Wang J. Unraveling the Mechanisms of Clinical Drugs-Induced Neural Tube Defects Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3709-3722. [PMID: 35960485 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents such as methotrexate (MTX), raltitrexed (RTX), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), hydroxyurea (HU), and retinoic acid (RA), and valproic acid (VPA), an antiepileptic drug, all can cause malformations in the developing central nervous system (CNS), such as neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the common pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of NTDs caused by MTX, RTX, 5-FU, HU, RA, and VPA (MRFHRV), based on network pharmacology and molecular biology experiments. The MRFHRV targets were integrated with disease targets, to find the potential molecules related to MRFHRV-induced NTDs. Protein-protein interaction analysis and molecular docking were performed to analyze these common targets. Utilizing the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways, we analyzed and searched the possible causative pathogenic mechanisms by crucial targets and the signaling pathway. Results showed that MRFHRV induced NTDs through several key targets (including TP53, MAPK1, HSP90AA1, ESR1, GRB2, HDAC1, EGFR, PIK3CA, RXRA, and FYN) and multiple signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that abnormal proliferation and differentiation could be critical pathogenic contributors in NTDs induced by MRFHRV. These results were further validated by CCK8 assay in mouse embryonic stem cells and GFAP staining in embryonic brain tissue. This study indicated that chemotherapeutic and antiepileptic agents induced NTDs might through predicted targets TP53, MAPK1, GRB2, HDAC1, EGFR, PIK3CA, RXRA, and FYN and multiple signaling pathways. More caution was required for the clinical administration for women with childbearing potential and pregnant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guan
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yingchao Liang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiuwei Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Aiyun Yang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Shen Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jialu Yu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Kertmen H, Celikoglu E, Ozturk OC, Gürer B, Bozkurt H, Kanat MA, Arikok AT, Erguder BI, Sargon MF, Sekerci Z. Comparative effects of methylprednisolone and tetracosactide (ACTH 1-24) on ischemia/reperfusion injury of the rabbit spinal cord. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:1459-1470. [PMID: 30393502 PMCID: PMC6209702 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.65650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tetracosactide is an engineered peptide that applies the same biological impacts as the endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone. Previous studies indicated that tetracosactide has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neurotrophic activity. In this study, we hypothesized that tetracosactide may have protective effects in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rabbits were randomized into the accompanying four groups of eight animals each: group 1 (control), group 2 (ischemia), group 3 (methylprednisolone) and group 4 (tetracosactide). In the control group, just a laparotomy was performed. In the various groups, the spinal cord ischemia model was made by the impediment of the aorta only caudal to the renal vein. Neurological assessment was conducted with the Tarlov scoring system. Levels of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and catalase were analyzed, similar to the activities of xanthine oxidase and caspase-3. Histopathological and ultrastructural assessments were additionally performed. RESULTS After ischemia-reperfusion injury, increments were found in the tissue myeloperoxidase levels (p < 0.001), malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.001), xanthine oxidase action (p < 0.001) and caspase-3 movement (p < 0.001). Conversely, both serum and tissue catalase levels were diminished (p < 0.001 for both). After the administration of tetracosactide, declines were seen in the tissue myeloperoxidase levels (p < 0.001), malondialdehyde levels (p = 0.003), xanthine oxidase action (p < 0.001) and caspase-3 movement (p < 0.001). Conversely, both the serum and tissue catalase levels were expanded (p < 0.001). Besides, tetracosactide treatment indicated enhanced results related to the histopathological scores (p < 0.001), the ultra-structural score (p = 0.008) and the Tarlov scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings showed for the first time that tetracosactide shows significant neuroprotective activity against ischemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayri Kertmen
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Celikoglu
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozden Caglar Ozturk
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Mardin Nusaybin State Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Bora Gürer
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Bozkurt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Kanat
- Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ata Turker Arikok
- Department of Pathology, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin Imge Erguder
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Fevzi Sargon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeki Sekerci
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
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Gürer B, Karakoç A, Bektaşoğlu PK, Kertmen H, Kanat MA, Arıkök AT, Ergüder Bİ, Sargon MF, Öztürk ÖÇ, Çelikoğlu E. Comparative effects of vitamin D and methylprednisolone against ischemia/reperfusion injury of rabbit spinal cords. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 813:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Chen H, Yan L, Wang J, Sun Y, Li X, Zhao S, Wang D, Zhu G, Liang Y. Methotrexate prevents epidural fibrosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 796:131-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Liu JT, Zhang S, Gu B, Li HN, Wang SY, Zhang SY. Methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone for the recovery of motor function and differential gene expression in rats with spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1507-1518. [PMID: 29089998 PMCID: PMC5649473 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.215263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylprednisolone is a commonly used drug for the treatment of spinal cord injury, but high doses of methylprednisolone can increase the incidence of infectious diseases. Methotrexate has anti-inflammatory activity and immunosuppressive effects, and can reduce inflammation after spinal cord injury. To analyze gene expression changes and the molecular mechanism of methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone in the treatment of spinal cord injury, a rat model of spinal cord contusion was prepared using the PinPoint™ precision cortical impactor technique. Rats were injected with methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg 30 minutes after injury, and then subcutaneously injected with 0.3 mg/kg methotrexate 1 day after injury, once a day, for 2 weeks. TreadScan gait analysis found that at 4 and 8 weeks after injury, methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone significantly improved hind limb swing time, stride time, minimum longitudinal deviation, instant speed, footprint area and regularity index. Solexa high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze differential gene expression. Compared with methylprednisolone alone, differential expression of 316 genes was detected in injured spinal cord treated with methotrexate and methylprednisolone. The 275 up-regulated genes were mainly related to nerve recovery, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic functions, while 41 down-regulated genes were mainly related to proinflammatory and pro-apoptotic functions. These results indicate that methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone exhibited better effects on inhibiting the activity of inflammatory cytokines and enhancing antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects and thereby produced stronger neuroprotective effects than methotrexate alone. The 316 differentially expressed genes play an important role in the above processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Tao Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hua-Nan Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shuo-Yu Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shui-Yin Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Nait Mohamed FA, Laraba-Djebari F. Development and characterization of a new carrier for vaccine delivery based on calcium-alginate nanoparticles: Safe immunoprotective approach against scorpion envenoming. Vaccine 2016; 34:2692-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Jung HY, Kim DW, Yim HS, Yoo DY, Kim JW, Won M, Yoon YS, Choi SY, Hwang IK. Heme Oxygenase-1 Protects Neurons from Ischemic Damage by Upregulating Expression of Cu,Zn-Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Rabbit Spinal Cord. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:869-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gürer B, Kertmen H, Kasim E, Yilmaz ER, Kanat BH, Sargon MF, Arikok AT, Ergüder BI, Sekerci Z. Neuroprotective effects of testosterone on ischemia/reperfusion injury of the rabbit spinal cord. Injury 2015; 46:240-8. [PMID: 25467821 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Previous studies demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of testosterone, but no previous study has examined the neuroprotective effects of testosterone on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether testosterone could protect the spinal cord from ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS Rabbits were randomised into four groups of eight animals as follows: group 1 (control), group 2 (ischemia), group 3 (methylprednisolone) and group 4 (testosterone). In the control group only a laparotomy was performed. In all other groups, the spinal cord ischemia model was created by the occlusion of the aorta just caudal to the renal artery. Levels of malondialdehyde and catalase were analysed, as were the activities of caspase-3, myeloperoxidase, and xanthine oxidase. Histopathological and ultrastructural evaluations were performed. Neurological evaluation was performed with the Tarlov scoring system. RESULTS After ischemia-reperfusion injury, increases were found in caspase-3 activity, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, and xanthine oxidase activity. In contrast, decreases in catalase levels were observed. After the administration of testosterone, decreases were observed in caspase-3 activity, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, and xanthine oxidase activity, whereas catalase levels increased. Furthermore, testosterone treatment showed improved results concerning histopathological scores, ultrastructural score and Tarlov scores. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed for the first time that testosterone exhibits meaningful neuroprotective activity following ischemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Gürer
- Ministry of Health, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgey Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hayri Kertmen
- Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgey Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emin Kasim
- Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgey Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdal Resit Yilmaz
- Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgey Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burhan Hakan Kanat
- Ministry of Health, Elazig Education and Research Hospital, General Surgery Clinic, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Fevzi Sargon
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ata Türker Arikok
- Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin Imge Ergüder
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeki Sekerci
- Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Neurosurgey Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
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Kertmen H, Gürer B, Yılmaz ER, Şanlı AM, Sorar M, Arıkök AT, Sargon MF, Kanat MA, Ergüder BI, Şekerci Z. The protective effect of low-dose methotrexate on ischemia–reperfusion injury of the rabbit spinal cord. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 714:148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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