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Aydin MD, Kanat A, Sahin B, Sahin MH, Ergene S, Demirtas R. New experimental finding of dangerous autonomic ganglia changes in cardiac injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage; a reciprocal culprit-victim relationship between the brain and heart. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:91-102. [PMID: 35658782 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2086128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The vagal, stellate, and cardiac ganglia cells changes following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may occur. This study aimed to investigate if there is any relation between vagal network/stellate ganglion and intrinsic cardiac ganglia insult following SAH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six rabbits were used in this study. Animals were randomly divided as control (GI, n = 5); SHAM 0.75 cc of saline-injected (n = 5) and study with autologous 1.5 cc blood injection into their cisterna magna(GIII, n = 15). All animals were followed for three weeks and then decapitated. Their motor vagal nucleus, nodose, stellate, and intracardiac ganglion cells were estimated by stereological methods and compared statistically. RESULTS Numerical documents of heart-respiratory rates, vagal nerve- ICG, and stellate neuron densities as follows: 276 ± 32/min-22 ± 3/min-10.643 ± 1.129/mm3-4 ± 1/mm3-12 ± 3/mm3 and 2 ± 1/cm3 in the control group; 221 ± 22/min-16 ± 4/min-8.699 ± 976/mm3-24 ± 9/mm3-103 ± 32/mm3 and 11 ± 3/cm3 in the SHAM group; and 191 ± 23/min-17 ± 4/min-9.719 ± 932/mm3-124 ± 31/mm3-1.542 ± 162/mm3 and 32 ± 9/cm3 in the SAH (study) group. The animals with burned neuro-cardiac web had more neurons of stellate ganglia and a less normal neuron density of nodose ganglia (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION Sypathico-parasympathetic imbalance induced vagal nerve-ICG disruption following SAH could be named as Burned Neurocardiac Web syndrome in contrast to broken heart because ICG/parasympathetic network degeneration could not be detected in classic broken heart syndrome. It was noted that cardiac ganglion degeneration is more prominent in animals' severe degenerated neuron density of nodose ganglia. We concluded that the cardiac ganglia network knitted with vagal-sympathetic-somatosensitive fibers has an important in heart function following SAH. The neurodegeneration of the cardiac may occur in SAH, and cause sudden death.Graphical abstract[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Dumlu Aydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kanat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of Recep Tayyip, Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Balkan Sahin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hakan Sahin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saban Ergene
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty of Recep Tayyip, Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Rabia Demirtas
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Luo Y, Zhao J. The dynamic changes of peripheral blood cell counts predict the clinical outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29763. [PMID: 38681624 PMCID: PMC11053216 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a serious type of hemorrhagic stroke. It is very important to predict the prognosis at early phase. In this work, we intend to characterize early changes in peripheral blood cells after aSAH and explore the association between peripheral blood cells and clinical outcomes after aSAH. Methods aSAH patients admitted between December 2019 and September 2022 were enrolled. A retrospective observational study was performed. Total leukocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes, lymphocytes and platelets counts were recorded on the day of admission (day 1), day 3, day 5 and day 7. Statistical tests included Chi-square test, analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression (MLR) models. 197 patients were analyzed. Results Leukocytes and neutrophils were higher in poor outcome groups from day 1 to day 7 and in delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) groups from day 3 to day 7. Lymphocytes were higher at day 5 and day 7 in good outcome groups and no DCI groups. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was lower from day 3 to day 7 in good outcome groups and no DCI groups. Erythrocytes were higher from day 3 to day 7 in good outcome groups and no DCI groups. Lymphocytes were negatively related to poor outcomes on day 1 (OR = 0.457), indicating higher lymphocytes predicted good outcomes, Neutrophils were positively related to poor outcomes on day 3 (OR = 3.003) indicating higher neutrophils predicted poor outcomes. Lymphocytes were negatively related to DCI on day 5 (OR = 0.388) indicating higher lymphocytes predicted no DCI, Erythrocytes were negatively related to DCI on day 5 (OR = 0.335) and day 7 (OR = 0.204) indicating higher erythrocytes predicted no DCI. The improved ability of neutrophils, lymphocytes and erythrocytes to predict DCI or poor functional outcomes were revealed by ROC curve analysis. Conclusions The dynamic changes of peripheral blood cell counts were related to poor functional outcomes and DCI after aSAH. Elevated neutrophils, leukocytes, NLR, and decreased lymphocytes, erythrocytes were accompanied by DCI and poor outcome. Neutrophils, lymphocytes and erythrocytes counts could be beneficial to predict DCI and outcomes after aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Jing Zhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jing zhou, 434000, China
- Department of Stroke Center, The First People's Hospital of Jing Zhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jing zhou, 434000, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Jing Zhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jing zhou, 434000, China
- Department of Stroke Center, The First People's Hospital of Jing Zhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jing zhou, 434000, China
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Yolas C, Kanat A, Zeynal M, Sahin MH, Karadag MK, Keles ON, Akca N, Dil E, Aydin MD, Gundogdu OL. From Nose to Lumbar Spinal Cord - Reduced Sperm Numbers Occur by Olfactory Bulbectomy-Related Onuf's Nucleus Degeneration: New Experimental Evidence for Kallmann Syndrome. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 113:1051-1058. [PMID: 37497936 DOI: 10.1159/000531962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olfaction and its relation to human health is an area of growing interest. Although olfaction disorders have been considered a part of Kallmann syndrome, the role of olfactory dysfunction on spermatogenesis has not been studied yet. We studied if olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) causes dysfunction in spermatogenesis as a result of Onuf's nucleus damage. METHODS Twenty-eight male rats were divided into three groups: six as the control (G-1; n = 6), six as the only frontal burr hole applied animals SHAM (G-2; n = 6), and 16 as the study group (G-3; n = 16) in which OBX was performed. The animals were followed for 2 months. After the decapitation of the animals, olfactory bulb (OB) volumes (mm3), the neuron density of the Onuf's nucleus (n/mm3), and sperm density (n/mm3) were estimated stereologically and analyzed. RESULTS OB volumes (mm3), degenerated neuron density of Onuf's nucleus (n/mm3), and sperm numbers of control, SHAM, and study groups were estimated as: 4 ± 0.5; 6 ± 2 and 103.245 ± 10.841 in G-1; 3.5 ± 0.7; 14 ± 4 and 96.891 ± 9.569 in G-2; and 1.3 ± 0.3; 91 ± 17 and 73.561 ± 6.324 in G-3. The statistical results of degenerated neuron density of Onuf's nucleus and sperm numbers between groups are p < 0.005 for G-1/G-2; p < 0.0005 for G-2/G-3; and p < 0.00001 for G-1/G-3. DISCUSSION This study first time indicates that Onuf's nucleus degeneration secondary to OBX seems to be responsible for reduced sperm numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coskun Yolas
- Department of Neurogery, Karamanoglu Mehmet Bey University Medical Faculty Karaman, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kanat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Medical Faculty Rize, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mete Zeynal
- Department of Neurosurgery Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet H Sahin
- Department of Neurosurgery Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet K Karadag
- Department of Neurosurgery Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Osman N Keles
- Department of Histology Ataturk University Medical Faculty Erzurum Turkey, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nezih Akca
- Department of Urology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Eyup Dil
- Department of Urology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mehmet D Aydin
- Department of Neurosurgery Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
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Yardim A, Kanat A, Karadag MK, Aydin MD, Gel MS, Daltaban IS, Demirtas R. New histopathological evidence for the relationship between hydromyelia and hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage: An experimental study. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2023; 14:253-258. [PMID: 37860031 PMCID: PMC10583804 DOI: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_67_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious pathology with a high death and morbidity rate. There can be a relationship between hydromyelia and hydrocephalus following SAH; however, this subject has not been well investigated. Materials and Methods Twenty-four rabbits (3 ± 0.4 years old; 4.4 ± 0.5 kg) were used in this study. Five of them were used as the control, and five of them as the SHAM group. The remaining animals (n = 14) had been used as the study group. The central canal volume values at the C1-C2 levels, ependymal cells, numbers of central canal surfaces, and Evans index values of the lateral ventricles were assessed and compared. Results Choroid plexus edema and increased water vesicles were observed in animals with central canal dilatation. The Evans index of the brain ventricles was 0.33 ± 0.05, the mean volume of the central canal was 1.431 ± 0.043 mm3, and ependymal cells density was 5.420 ± 879/mm2 in the control group animals (n = 5); 0.35 ± 0.17, 1.190 ± 0.114 mm3, and 4.135 ± 612/mm2 in the SHAM group animals (n = 5); and 0.44 ± 0.68, 1.814 ± 0.139 mm3, and 2.512 ± 11/mm2 in the study group (n = 14). The relationship between the Evans index values, the central canal volumes, and degenerated ependymal cell densities was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study showed that hydromyelia occurs following SAH-induced experimental hydrocephalus. Desquamation of ependymal cells and increased cerebrospinal fluid secretion may be responsible factors in the development of hydromyelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yardim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kanat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Dumlu Aydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Selim Gel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanuni Research and Training Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | - Rabia Demirtas
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Guvercin AR, Besir A, Kanat A, Yazar U, Findik H. Interesting negative correlation between transorbital optic nerve sheath diameter and Evans' index values; can it be predictive for failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy? Int J Neurosci 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36120999 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2126775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Currently, Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is one of the commonly used surgical options for the treatment of non-communicating hydrocephalus but reported success rates from ETV vary considerably, and a reliable noninvasive means to detect the efficacy of ETV is still lacking. In this study, the changes in Evans's Index and the transorbital optic nerve sheath (ONSD) diameter measurement after endoscopic third ventriculostomy were compared. Methods: Preoperative and early postoperative ultrasonographic ONSD measurement and preoperative and postoperative 3 months Evans' index of patients with hydrocephalus on whom ETVs were performed between 1 February 2018 and 23 May 2022 and analyzed. Results: The chart of 8 male and 2 female patients was analyzed. Their median age at presentation was 5.3 years (range 1 - 14 years). Mean ONSD values were 5.66 mms in the preoperative period, which was decreased to a mean of 4.17 mms in the early postoperative period. The Evans' index was 0.5320 in the preoperative period; however, it decreased to 0.4460 in the postoperative 3rd months. The preoperative and early postoperative mean ONSD values and Evans' Index of patients were significantly different. Interestingly, a negative correlation was also observed between ONSD values and Evans' index. Conclusions: ONSD measurement and Evans' index have been commonly used after ETV procedures İn pediatric patients with hydrocephalus. Still, there is an unexplained negative correlation between ONSD and Evans' index values. This study indicates that the two measures (Evans's index and ONSD) should be considered when performing follow-up examinations in patients after ETV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rıza Guvercin
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Besir
- Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care. Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kanat
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize Merkez, Turkey
| | - Ugur Yazar
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Findik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medical Faculty, Rize Merkez, Turkey
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Sahin B, Kanat A, Karadag MK, Demirtas R, Aydin MD. Protective Felix-Culpa Effect of Superior Sympathetic Cervical Ganglion Degenerations on Prevention of Basilar Artery Spasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Preliminary Experimental Study. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:e861-e867. [PMID: 35598850 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior cerebral blood flow is regulated by the basilar arteries (BA). Its vasospasm of basilar arteries (BA) can occur following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Superior cervical sympathetic ganglia (SCG) fibers have a vasoconstrictor effect on the BA. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the degenerated neuron density of the SCG and the severity of BA vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS Twenty-four rabbits were used. Five of them were used as the control group, and five of them were used as the SHAM group. Experimental subarachnoid hemorrhages were performed in the remaining fourteen animals (study group) by injecting homologous blood into cisterna magna. After three weeks of injection, neuron densities of SCG and the severity of BA vasospasm index values (VSI) were examined histopathologically and compared statistically. RESULTS The mean VSI was 0.669±0.1129 in the control group, 0.981±0.159 in the SHAM group, and 1.512±0.298 in the study group. The mean degenerated neuronal density of SCG was 436±79/mm3 in severe vasospasm (n=3), 841±101/mm3 in moderate vasospasm (n=4), and 1.921±849/mm3 in the less vasospasm detected animals (n=6). CONCLUSION This study shows an inverse relationship between the degenerated neuronal density in the SCG and VSI values. This finding indicates a diminished sympathetic input from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) resulting in a beneficial (the Felix-culpa) effect by dilating the lumen diameter of the basilar artery (BA), so superior sympathetic cervical ganglion degeneration following SAH protects the basilar artery spasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balkan Sahin
- -Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kanat
- -Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | | | - Rabia Demirtas
- -Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dumlu Aydin
- -Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Fang Y, Huang L, Wang X, Si X, Lenahan C, Shi H, Shao A, Tang J, Chen S, Zhang J, Zhang JH. A new perspective on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics after subarachnoid hemorrhage: From normal physiology to pathophysiological changes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:543-558. [PMID: 34806932 PMCID: PMC9051143 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211045748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about the dynamic metabolism and function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology has rapidly progressed in recent decades. It has traditionally been suggested that CSF is produced by the choroid plexus and drains to the arachnoid villi. However, recent findings have revealed that the brain parenchyma produces a large portion of CSF and drains through the perivascular glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels into the blood. The primary function of CSF is not limited to maintaining physiological CNS homeostasis but also participates in clearing waste products resulting from neurodegenerative diseases and acute brain injury. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a disastrous subtype of acute brain injury, is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Post-SAH complications contribute to the poor outcomes associated with SAH. Recently, abnormal CSF flow was suggested to play an essential role in the post-SAH pathophysiological changes, such as increased intracerebral pressure, brain edema formation, hydrocephalus, and delayed blood clearance. An in-depth understanding of CSF dynamics in post-SAH events would shed light on potential development of SAH treatment options. This review summarizes and updates the latest physiological characteristics of CSF dynamics and discusses potential pathophysiological changes and therapeutic targets after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Nguyen AM, Dao LTN, Thai TT. Cerebrospinal fluid lumbar drainage in reducing vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in Vietnam: A single-center prospective study. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2021.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Güleç İ, Şengelen A, Karagöz-Güzey F, Önay-Uçar E, Eren B, Vahabova G, Karacan M, Özcan TB. The calcimimetic R-568 attenuates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm through PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway in the rat model. Brain Res 2021; 1765:147508. [PMID: 33930376 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) causes mortality and morbidity in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The mechanism and adequate treatment of CVS are still elusive. R-568 is a calcimimetic agent known to exert a vasodilating effect. However, there is no report on its vasodilator effect against SAH-induced vasospasm. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of R-568 on the SAH-induced CVS model in rats. Seventy-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups: sham surgery; SAH only; SAH + Vehicle, SAH + R-568; SAH + R-568 + Wortmannin (the PI3K inhibitor); SAH + Wortmannin; SAH + R-568 + Calhex-231 (a calcilytic agent); SAH + Calhex-231. SAH was induced by blood (0.3 mL) given by intracisternal injection. R-568 (20 µM) was administered intracisternal immediately prior to experimental SAH. Basilar arteries (BAs) were obtained to evaluate PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway (immunoblotting) and morphological changes 48 h after SAH. Perimeters of BAs were decreased by 24.1% in the SAH group compared to the control group and the wall thickness was increased by 75.3%. With R-568 treatment, those percentages were 9.6% and 29.6%, respectively, indicating that vasospasm was considerably improved when compared with the SAH group (P < 0.001 in both). While p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt ratio and eNOS protein expression were markedly decreased in the SAH rats, treatment with R-568 resulted in a significant increase in these levels. The beneficial effects of R-568 were partially blocked in the presence of Calhex-231 and completely blocked in the presence of Wortmannin. Herein, we found that treatment with R-568 would attenuate SAH-induced CVS through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway and demonstrate therapeutic promise in CVS treatment following SAH.
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Kanat A, Aydin MD, Akca N, Ozmen S. First histopathological bridging of the distance between Onuf's nucleus and substantia nigra after olfactory bulbectomy-new ideas about the urinary dysfunction in cerebral neurodegenerative disease: an experimental study. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2020; 13:383-389. [PMID: 33331085 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in experimental studies induces neurochemical, neurodegenerative changes in various parts of the body. But no information is available about how OBX affects the spinal cord in rats. Our study aims to investigate this question. METHODS Twenty-eight male rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups: six as the control, six as the SHAM, and 16 as the study group in which OBX was performed. The animals were followed for 10 weeks. After decapitation of the animals, olfactory bulb (OB) volumes, the olfactory glomerulus (OG), and the neuron density of the ON (Onuf nucleus) per cubic centimeter at the L4-S4 level were examined histopathologically and analyzed stereologically. RESULTS The mean OB volume, remaining normal OG density, and degenerated neuron density (DND) of the ON was measured as 4.32 ± 0.21/mm3 , 1842 ± 114/mm3 , and 4 ± 1 /mm3 in the control (group I); 3.3 ± 0.14/mm3 , 1321 ± 114/mm3 , and 43 ± 8/mm3 in the SHAM (group II); and 1.672 ± 0.12/mm3 , 852 ± 93/mm3 , and 154 ± 11/mm3 in the study group (group III). There was a statistically significant difference between the SHAM and the study group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, histopathological bridging between ON-related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and OBX was shown the first time. According to the findings, LUTS may be reversed by the protection of the affected spinal cord through the correction of olfaction impairment in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Kanat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dumlu Aydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nezih Akca
- Department of Urology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
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Elsharkawy AA, Abdelhameed EA. Efficacy of translamina terminalis ventriculostomy tube in prevention of chronic hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol Int 2020; 11:283. [PMID: 33033645 PMCID: PMC7538801 DOI: 10.25259/sni_278_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus is still a common complication after aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) and is associated with increased morbidity. Pathology of chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aSAH is complex and multifactorial which makes its prevention challenging. We thought to evaluate whether external ventricular drainage (EVD) through fenestrated lamina terminalis would decrease the rate of chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aSAH. Methods A retrospective analysis of 68 consecutive patients with aSAH who underwent microsurgical clipping of the ruptured aneurysm. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A included patients with lamina terminalis fenestration without insertion of ventriculostomy tube and Group B included patients with EVD through fenestrated lamina terminalis. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and outcome variables were compared between groups. Results Group A comprised 29 patients with mean age of 47.8 years and Group B comprised 39 patients with mean age of 46.6 years. Group B patients had statistically significant (P < 0.05) lower incidence of chronic shunt- dependent hydrocephalus than Group A patients (30.8% vs. 55.2%, respectively). Conclusion EVD through fenestrated lamina terminalis is safe and may be effective in decreasing the incidence of chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aSAH.
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Findik H, Kanat A, Celiker FB, Celiker M, Beyazal M, Ozdemir B, Ozdemir V, Batcik OE, Ozdemir D, Dursun E. What Are We Missing From Asymmetric Relationship Between the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Profiles and Sphenoid Sinus Volume? J Craniofac Surg 2020; 31:e210-4. [PMID: 31633664 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM OF THE STUDY Detailed analysis of retinal structure such as the retinal nerve fiber layer can be performed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). There are no published studies concerning a relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer and human sphenoid sinus volumes. We investigated this relationship. MATERIAL AND METHODS Spectral-domain OCT. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and sphenoid sinus volume estimation of both sides of sex-matched patients were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The mean RNFL thicknesses at the left side (91.8 μm) were significantly smaller than the right side (94.5 μm) (P = 0.040). However, the mean left sinus volume (44.5 cm) is larger than the right side, (34.5 mm) (P < 0.005). Left and right differences of both parameters are statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION There is a negative correlation between mean RNFL thicknesses and mean sinus volumes. To our knowledge, this article is the first report demonstrating the asymmetry relationship between RNFL and sphenoid sinus volumes.
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Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) forming the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (B-CSF) barrier is among the least studied structures of the central nervous system (CNS) despite its clinical importance. The CP is an epithelio-endothelial convolute comprising a highly vascularized stroma with fenestrated capillaries and a continuous lining of epithelial cells joined by apical tight junctions (TJs) that are crucial in forming the B-CSF barrier. Integrity of the CP is critical for maintaining brain homeostasis and B-CSF barrier permeability. Recent experimental and clinical research has uncovered the significance of the CP in the pathophysiology of various diseases affecting the CNS. The CP is involved in penetration of various pathogens into the CNS, as well as the development of neurodegenerative (e.g., Alzheimer´s disease) and autoimmune diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis). Moreover, the CP was shown to be important for restoring brain homeostasis following stroke and trauma. In addition, new diagnostic methods and treatment of CP papilloma and carcinoma have recently been developed. This review describes and summarizes the current state of knowledge with regard to the roles of the CP and B-CSF barrier in the pathophysiology of various types of CNS diseases and sets up the foundation for further avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne´s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, CZ-656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kubíčková
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dubový
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Kepoglu U, Kanat A, Dumlu Aydin M, Akca N, Kazdal H, Zeynal M, Kantarci M, Sipal SA. New Histopathologic Evidence for the Parasympathetic Innervation of the Kidney and the Mechanism of Hypertension Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: . J Craniofac Surg 2020; 31:865-70. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Aydin MD, Kanat A, Hacimuftuoglu A, Ozmen S, Ahiskalioglu A, Kocak MN. A new experimental evidence that olfactory bulb lesion may be a causative factor for substantia nigra degeneration; preliminary study. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:220-227. [PMID: 32114876 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1737049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anosmia has been considered as the first diagnostic criteria of Parkinson disease (PD), we investigated the effect of the olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) on histopathological features of the substantia nigra in an animal model.Methods: Twenty-seven male rats were used in this study. Animals were divided into three groups as five (control), six SHAM and sixteen study (OBL) groups. Nothing was done in the control group, the only burr hole was done in the SHAM group, OBL was not applied, and bilateral OBL was performed in the study group, and followed ten weeks, then animals were decapitated. Olfactory bulb volumes were measured by macro anatomically. The olfactory bulbs and substantia nigra sections were analyzed by a stereological method to evaluate olfactory glomerulus and neuron density of substantia nigra per cubic centimeter and compared with statistically.Results: The mean olfactory bulb volume, degenerated olfactory glomerulus density and degenerated neuron density of substantia nigra were measured as:(4.14 ± 0.20) mm3, (1 ± 1)/mm3 and (7 ± 2)/mm3 in control (Group I); (3.6 ± 0.16)/mm3, (4 ± 1)/mm3 and(32 ± 7)/mm3 in SHAM (Group II) and (2.2 ± 0.9)/mm3, (112 ± 18)/mm3 and (1543 ± 115)/mm3in study group (Group III). Diminished olfactory bulb volume was observed in Group III animals.Conclusions: We concluded that OBL may lead to the degeneration of substantia nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Dumlu Aydin
- Medical Faculty Department of Neurosurgery, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kanat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Medical Faculty Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Ozmen
- Medical Faculty Department of Pathology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Ahiskalioglu
- Medical Faculty Department of Anesthesiology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Kocak
- Medical Faculty Department of Neurology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Demirci T, Aydin MD, Caglar O, Aydin N, Ozmen S, Nalci KA, Ahiskalioglu A, Kocak MN, Keles S. First definition of burned choroid plexus in acidic cerebrospinal fluid-filled brain ventricles during subarachnoid hemorrhage: Experimental study. Neuropathology 2020; 40:251-260. [PMID: 32153066 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acidosis is the most troubling complication in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) if carotid body (CB) networks are disrupted. However, histopathological examination of the choroid plexus (CP) in acidic CSF has not been evaluated so far. In this study, we aimed to investigate the CP in acidic CSF following SAH. Twenty-eight rabbits were used. Five rabbits were used to analyze CB network (control group; n = 5); seven rabbits were injected 1 mL of saline (Sham group; n = 7); and the rest 16 rabbits were given 1 mL of autologous arterial blood inject into the cisterna magna to create SAH (SAH group; n = 16). Blood and CSF pH values were recorded before/during/after the experimental procedures. Nuclear darkening, cellular shrinkage and pyknosis suggested the presence of apoptosis of epithelial cells of CP. The densities of normal and degenerated epithelial cells of CPs were estimated using stereological methods. The relationship between the pH values and degenerated epithelial cell densities of CPs were statistically compared by Mann-Whitney U-test. The pH values of blood were estimated as 7.359 ± 0.039 in the control group, 7.318 ± 0.062 in the Sham group, 7.23 ± 0.013 in the SAH group. CSF pH values were 7.313 ± 0.028 in the control group, 7.296 ± 0.045 in the Sham group, and 7.224 ± 0.012 in the SAH group. Degenerated epithelial cell density of CP was 25 ± 7 in the control group, 226 ± 64 in the Sham group, and 2115 ± 635 in the SAH group. There was a considerable link between CSF pH values and degenerated epithelial cells of CP (P < 0.0001). This study shows that CB insult causes acidosis of CSF as well as cellular degeneration of CP during SAH. This is the first description of this in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Demirci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet D Aydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Caglar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nazan Aydin
- Department of Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences Faculty, Uskudar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kemal A Nalci
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Ahiskalioglu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet N Kocak
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sait Keles
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Solár P, Klusáková I, Jančálek R, Dubový P, Joukal M. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induces Dynamic Immune Cell Reactions in the Choroid Plexus. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:18. [PMID: 32116563 PMCID: PMC7026251 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a specific form of hemorrhagic stroke that frequently causes intracranial hypertension. The choroid plexus (CP) of the brain ventricles is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid and forms the blood - cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The aim of the current study was to determine whether SAH induces an immune cell reaction in the CP and whether the resulting increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) itself can lead to cellular changes in the CP. SAH was induced by injecting non-heparinized autologous blood to the cisterna magna. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) instead of blood was used to assess influence of increased ICP alone. SAH and ACSF animals were left to survive for 1, 3, and 7 days. SAH induced significantly increased numbers of M1 (ED1+, CCR7+) and M2 (ED2+, CD206+) macrophages as well as MHC-II+ antigen presenting cells (APC) compared to naïve and ACSF animals. Increased numbers of ED1+ macrophages and APC were found in the CP only 3 and 7 days after ACSF injection, while ED2+ macrophage number did not increase. CD3+ T cells were not found in any of the animals. Following SAH, proliferation activity in the CP gradually increased over time while ACSF application induced higher cellular proliferation only 1 and 3 days after injection. Our results show that SAH induces an immune reaction in the CP resulting in an increase in the number of several macrophage types in the epiplexus position. Moreover, we also found that increased ICP due to ACSF application induced both an immune reaction and increased proliferation of epiplexus cells in the CP. These findings indicate that increased ICP, and not just blood, contributes to cellular changes in the CP following SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ilona Klusáková
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Radim Jančálek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Dubový
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Ozdemir B, Kanat A, Ozdemir V, Batcik OE, Yazar U, Guvercin AR. The Effect of Neuroscientists on the Studies of Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction Following Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: . J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:2184-8. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the risk and peak time of post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), compared to TBI patients without traumatic SAH. METHODS In this retrospective population-based cohort study, the data was extracted from Longitudinal Health Insurance Database from 2000 to 2010 in Taiwan. A total of 23,775 TBI patients who had a first event TBI during 2000 to 2010 were included and divided into TBI with SAH (TBI-S) group and TBI without SAH (TBI-NS) group. We focused on analyzing the PTH in both groups within 2 years after brain injury. Competing risk regression models were performed to assess the risk of developing PTH in the TBI-S group compared to the TBI-NS group. RESULTS Comparing to the TBI-NS group, there was a significantly higher cumulative incidence of PTH in the TBI-S group during the 2-year follow-up period. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of PTH in TBI-S group within 2 years was between 2.90-3.47, and the highest estimates were obtained within 6 months after injury (HR = 3.47, 95% CI: 2.43-4.94). The occurrence percentage of PTH was highest during 0-3rd month follow-up periods (1.95% in TBI-S group; 0.48% in TBI-NS group). CONCLUSIONS The peak time of PTH occurrence was noted during 0-3rd month post brain injury. Traumatic SAH patients had an approximate 3-fold risk of developing PTH, comparing to TBI patients without traumatic SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hua Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | | | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi
| | - Chien-Min Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Firinci B, Caglar O, Karadeniz E, Ahiskalioglu A, Demirci T, Aydin MD. Mysterious effects of olfactory pathway lesions on intestinal immunodeficiency targeting Peyer's patches: The first experimental study. Med Hypotheses 2019; 125:31-36. [PMID: 30902148 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although olfaction has been considered as important neuroimmunomodulatory foundation, there is no satisfying analytical information between neurohistomorphological features olfactory networks and intestinal immune system hardwares. We studied if the olfactory bulb lesions (OBL) may rely on histopathological features of intestinal lymphatic Peyer's patches in an animal model. METHODS Thirty-two rats were grouped as control (Group I, n = 8), SHAM (Group II, n = 7) and OBL (Group III, n = 17) respectively; and followed eight weeks and animals were decapitated. The olfactory bulbs and intestines were extracted. Specimens stained with hematoxylin/eosin and GFAP methods and analyzed Stereologically to evaluate volume loss of olfactory bulbs and Peyer's patches volumes (PV) of intestines per cubic millimeter and compared with each other's statistically. RESULTS The mean olfactory bulbs volumes were estimated as 3.65 ± 0.32/mm3 in group I, 3.12 ± 0.20/mm3 in group II and 2.21 ± 0.15/mm3 in group III (p < 0.0005 Group III vs. I and II). The mean of PV were estimated as; (9 ± 2) × 106 µm3/cm3 in Group-I, (12 ± 3) × 106 µm3/cm3 in Group-II; and (23 ± 4) × 106 µm3/cm3 in group-III (p < 0.005 Group II vs. I, p < 0.0005 Group III vs. I-II). CONCLUSIONS OBL could rely on intestinal immunodeficiency causing by olfaction loss induced denervation injury of Peyer's patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binali Firinci
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Caglar
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Erdem Karadeniz
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Ahiskalioglu
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tuba Demirci
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Histology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dumlu Aydin
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Kanat
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Karadeniz E, Kocak MN, Ahiskalioglu A, Nalci KA, Ozmen S, Akcay MN, Aydin N, Aydin MD, Hacimuftuoglu A. Exploring of the Unpredicted Effects of Olfactory Network Injuries on Mammary Gland Degeneration: A Preliminary Experimental Study. J INVEST SURG 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2018.1446107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Karadeniz
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Kocak
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Ahiskalioglu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kemal Alp Nalci
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mufide Nuran Akcay
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nazan Aydin
- Psychiatry Clinic, Bakirkoy Teaching and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dumlu Aydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Kanat A. Letter to the Editor Regarding “Predictors of Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. World Neurosurg 2017; 108:963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Aydın MD, Kanat A, Aydın N, Kantarci A, Ayvaz MA, Rakici H, Yolas C, Kepoglu U, Demirci E. New Evidence for Causal Central Mechanism of Hyperglycemia in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Secondary to Ischemic Degenerative Disruption of Circuitry Among Insular Cortex, Nodose Ganglion, and Pancreas: Experimental Study. World Neurosurg 2017; 106:570-577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kanat A, Aydin MD, Bayram E, Kazdal H, Aydin N, Omeroglu M, Altinkaynak K, Kabalar ME, Yolas C, Ozturk C, Kepoglu U, Calik M. A New Determinant of Poor Outcome After Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Blood pH and the Disruption of Glossopharyngeal Nerve–Carotid Body Network: First Experimental Study. World Neurosurg 2017; 104:330-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kazdal H, Kanat A, Aydin MD, Yazar U, Guvercin AR, Calik M, Gundogdu B. Sudden death and cervical spine: A new contribution to pathogenesis for sudden death in critical care unit from subarachnoid hemorrhage; first report - An experimental study. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2017; 8:33-38. [PMID: 28250634 PMCID: PMC5324357 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8237.199870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Sudden death from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not uncommon. Aims: The goal of this study is to elucidate the effect of the cervical spinal roots and the related dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) on cardiorespiratory arrest following SAH. Settings and Design: This was an experimental study conducted on rabbits. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 22 rabbits which were randomly divided into three groups: control (n = 5), physiologic serum saline (SS; n = 6), SAH groups (n = 11). Experimental SAH was performed. Seven of 11 rabbits with SAH died within the first 2 weeks. After 20 days, other animals were sacrificed. The anterior spinal arteries, arteriae nervorum of cervical nerve roots (C6–C8), DRGs, and lungs were histopathologically examined and estimated stereologically. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using the PASW Statistics 18.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Intergroup differences were assessed using a one-way ANOVA. The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: In the SAH group, histopathologically, severe anterior spinal artery (ASA) and arteriae nervorum vasospasm, axonal and neuronal degeneration, and neuronal apoptosis were observed. Vasospasm of ASA did not occur in the SS and control groups. There was a statistically significant increase in the degenerated neuron density in the SAH group as compared to the control and SS groups (P < 0.05). Cardiorespiratory disturbances, arrest, and lung edema more commonly developed in animals in the SAH group. Conclusion: We noticed interestingly that C6–C8 DRG degenerations were secondary to the vasospasm of ASA, following SAH. Cardiorespiratory disturbances or arrest can be explained with these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hizir Kazdal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kanat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dumlu Aydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ugur Yazar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ali Riza Guvercin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Calik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Betul Gundogdu
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Yolas C, Ozdemir NG, Kanat A, Aydin MD, Keles P, Kepoglu U, Aydin N, Gundogdu C. Uncovering a New Cause of Obstructive Hydrocephalus Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Choroidal Artery Vasospasm–Related Ependymal Cell Degeneration and Aqueductal Stenosis—First Experimental Study. World Neurosurg 2016; 90:484-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yolas C, Kanat A, Aydin MD, Ozturk C, Kabalar E, Akca N, Eren H, Gundogdu C, Kotan D, Aydin N. The Important Liaison Between Onuf Nucleus–Pudendal Nerve Ganglia Complex Degeneration and Urinary Retention in Spinal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study. World Neurosurg 2016; 89:208-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kanat A, Yazar U, Ozdemir B, Coskun ZO, Erdivanli O. Frontal sinus asymmetry: Is it an effect of cranial asymmetry? X-ray analysis of 469 normal adult human frontal sinus. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2016; 6:511-4. [PMID: 26752894 PMCID: PMC4692007 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.168436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: There is no study in the literature that investigates an asymmetric morphological feature of the frontal sinus (FS). Materials and Methods: Four hundred and sixty-nine consecutive direct X-rays of FSs were analyzed for the asymmetry between the right and left sides. When an asymmetry in the height and contour of the FS existed, this difference was quantified. Results: Of the 469 patients, X-rays of 402 patients (85.7%), there was an asymmetry between right and left sides of the FS. Of these 235 (50.1%) were dominant on the left side, whereas 167 (35.6%) were dominant on the right, the sinuses of remaining 67 patients (14.3%) was symmetric. Statistical Analysis: The comparisons between parameters were performed using Wilkinson signed rank test. The relationship between handedness and sinus asymmetry was also examined by two proportions test. There is statistically significant difference between the dominance of left and right FS. Conclusions: Hemispheric dominance may have some effect (s) of on sinus asymmetry of the human cranium. Surgeons sometimes enter the cranium through the FS and knowledge of asymmetric FS is important to minimize surgical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Kanat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ugur Yazar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Bulent Ozdemir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Zerrin O Coskun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Erdivanli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Yolas C, Kanat A, Aydin MD, Altas E, Kanat IF, Kazdal H, Duman A, Gundogdu B, Gursan N. Unraveling of the Effect of Nodose Ganglion Degeneration on the Coronary Artery Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study. World Neurosurg 2015; 86:79-87. [PMID: 26365883 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest is a major life-threatening complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Although medullary cardiocirculatuar center injury and central sympathetic overactivity have been suspected of initiating coronary artery spasm-induced cardiac arrest, we aimed to elucidate the effects of vagal ischemia at the brainstem on coronary vasospasm and sudden death in SAH. METHODS Twenty-six rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. Control (n = 5); SHAM (n = 8), and SAH group (n = 13). Experimental SAH was applied by injecting homologous blood into the cisterna magna, and the SHAM group was injected with isotonic saline solution also in the cisterna magna., Twenty-one days after the injection, histopathologic changes of the neuron density of nodose ganglia, the vasospasm index values of the coronary arteries, and the electrocardiographic events were analyzed. RESULTS Increased vasospasm index of the coronary arteries and degenerated neuron density of nodose ganglion were significantly different between animals with SAH, control, and SHAM groups (P < 0.005). If neurons of the nodose ganglia are lesioned due to ischemic insult during SAH, the heart rhythm regulation by vagus afferent reflexes is disturbed. CONCLUSIONS We found that there is causal relationship between nodose ganglion degeneration and coronary vasospasm. Our finding could be the reason that many cardiac events occur in patients with SAH. Vagal pathway paralysis induced by indirect sympathetic overactivity may trigger coronary vasospasm and heart rhythm disturbances. Our findings will aid in the planning of future experimental studies and in determining the clinical relevance of such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coskun Yolas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erzurum Regional Research and Education Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kanat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Dumlu Aydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ender Altas
- Plandoken Goverment Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Ferit Kanat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hizir Kazdal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Duman
- Department of Pathology, Giresun University, Medical Faculty, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Betul Gundogdu
- Department of Pathology, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Gursan
- Department of Pathology, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
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Ozturk C, Kanat A, Aydin MD, Yolas C, Kabalar ME, Gundogdu B, Duman A, Kanat IF, Gundogdu C. The impact of L5 dorsal root ganglion degeneration and Adamkiewicz artery vasospasm on descending colon dilatation following spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage: An experimental study; first report. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2015; 6:69-75. [PMID: 25972712 PMCID: PMC4426525 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8237.156056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Somato-sensitive innervation of bowels are maintained by lower segments of spinal cord and the blood supply of the lower spinal cord is heavily dependent on Adamkiewicz artery. Although bowel problems are sometimes seen in subarachnoid hemorrhage neither Adamkiewicz artery spasm nor spinal cord ischemia has not been elucidated as a cause of bowel dilatation so far. AIMS The goal of this study was to study the effects Adamkiewicz artery (AKA) vasospasm in lumbar subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on bowel dilatation severity. SETTINGS AND DESIGN An experimental rabbit study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on 25 rabbits, which were randomly divided into three groups: Spinal SAH (N = 13), serum saline (SS) (SS; N = 7) and control (N = 5) groups. Experimental spinal SAH was performed. After 21 days, volume values of descending parts of large bowels and degenerated neuron density of L5DRG were analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Statistical analysis was performed using the PASW Statistics 18.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Two-tailed t-test and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used. The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The mean volume of imaginary descending colons was estimated as 93 ± 12 cm(3) in the control group and 121 ± 26 cm(3) in the SS group and 176 ± 49 cm(3) in SAH group. Volume augmentations of the descending colons and degenerated neuron density L5DRG were significantly different between the SAH and other two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION An inverse relationship between the living neuronal density of the L5DRG and the volume of imaginary descending colon values was occurred. Our findings will aid in the planning of future experimental studies and determining the clinical relevance on such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Ozturk
- Erzurum Regional Research and Education Hospital Family Physician, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kanat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dumlu Aydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Coskun Yolas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erzurum Regional Research and Education Hospital Family Physician, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Esref Kabalar
- Department of Pathology, Erzurum Regional Research and Education Hospital Family Physician, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Betul Gundogdu
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Duman
- Department of Pathology, Giresun University, Medical Faculty, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Ferit Kanat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemal Gundogdu
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Kazdal H, Kanat A, Sen A, Kirbas S, Ardic G, Tufekci A, Ersoz T. A novel clinical observation in neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome: first demonstration of early progression of hydrocephalus. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2015; 35:211-2. [PMID: 25679124 DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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