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Guergoletto KB, Bonifácio KL, Barbosa DS, Valezi DF, Salviato A, Di Mauro E, Ida EI, Garcia S. Influence of Spray-Drying and Room Temperature Storage on the Anti- and Prooxidant Properties of Fermented Juçara Pulp. Food Technol Biotechnol 2020; 58:29-37. [PMID: 32684785 PMCID: PMC7365338 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.01.20.6335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many fruits and vegetables contain compounds with antioxidant properties, but the processing and storage conditions of the food industry may damage these beneficial compounds and produce free radicals that are associated with oxidative stress. This study aims to evaluate in vitro the antioxidant capacity and prooxidant effects of juçara pulp fermented with Lactobacillus reuteri or Lactobacillus plantarum before and after spray-drying with maltodextrin, gum arabic or gelatin and stored at 25 °C for 90 days. The antioxidant capacity was assessed by measuring the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the neutrophil respiratory burst and free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), and by determining the total phenolic content. The prooxidant effects were analyzed as free radical formation measured by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Fermentation by both bacteria increased the antioxidant activity, while the spray-drying process decreased the content of phenolic compounds (65-85%) and the DPPH scavenging ability, depending on the carrier usage. All of the samples inhibited ROS in the neutrophil burst, and the juçara pulp fermented by L. reuteri and dried with gum arabic exhibited the best performance. Spray-drying did not influence the intensity or type of free radicals detected by EPR. However, storage at room temperature decreased the antioxidant capacity and increased free radical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Bigetti Guergoletto
- Department of Food Science and Technology State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, Road - Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kamila Landucci Bonifácio
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road - Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Décio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road - Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel Farinha Valezi
- Physics Department; State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road - Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aroldo Salviato
- Physics Department; State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road - Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Di Mauro
- Physics Department; State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road - Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Elza Iouko Ida
- Department of Food Science and Technology State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, Road - Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra Garcia
- Department of Food Science and Technology State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, Road - Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Huber N, Fusani L, Ferretti A, Mahr K, Canoine V. Measuring short-term stress in birds: Comparing different endpoints of the endocrine-immune interface. Physiol Behav 2017; 182:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Huber N, Vetter SG, Evans AL, Kjellander P, Küker S, Bergvall UA, Arnemo JM. Quantifying capture stress in free ranging European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:127. [PMID: 28490331 PMCID: PMC5424289 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand and reduce the concomitant effects of trapping and handling procedures in wildlife species, it is essential to measure their physiological impact. Here, we examined individual variation in stress levels in non-anesthetized European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), which were captured in box traps and physically restrained for tagging, biometrics and bio-sampling. In winter 2013, we collected venous blood samples from 28 individuals during 28 capture events and evaluated standard measurements for stress (heart rate, body temperature, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, lactate and total cortisol). Additionally, we assessed stress using the immunological tool, Leukocyte Coping Capacity (LCC), a real-time proxy for stress measuring oxygen radical production by leukocytes. Finally, the behavioral response to handling was recorded using a scoring system. RESULTS LCC and therefore stress levels were negatively influenced by the time animals spent in the box trap with human presence at the capture site prior to handling. In contrast, none of the classical stress measures, including total cortisol, nor the behavioral assessment, were correlated with the stressor tested (time of human presence prior to handling) and thus did not provide a clear depiction regarding the extent of the animals short-term stress response. CONCLUSIONS Overall our study verifies the LCC as a strong method to quantify short-term stress reactions in wildlife. Moreover, our results clearly show that human presence at the trapping site prior to handling should be kept to an absolute minimum in order to reduce stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Huber
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sebastian G Vetter
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina L Evans
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2418, Elverum, Norway
| | - Petter Kjellander
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, SE-730 91, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Susanne Küker
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2418, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulrika A Bergvall
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, SE-730 91, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2418, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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Thiel CS, de Zélicourt D, Tauber S, Adrian A, Franz M, Simmet DM, Schoppmann K, Hauschild S, Krammer S, Christen M, Bradacs G, Paulsen K, Wolf SA, Braun M, Hatton J, Kurtcuoglu V, Franke S, Tanner S, Cristoforetti S, Sick B, Hock B, Ullrich O. Rapid adaptation to microgravity in mammalian macrophage cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43. [PMID: 28242876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the observed severe effects of microgravity on mammalian cells, many astronauts have completed long term stays in space without suffering from severe health problems. This raises questions about the cellular capacity for adaptation to a new gravitational environment. The International Space Station (ISS) experiment TRIPLE LUX A, performed in the BIOLAB laboratory of the ISS COLUMBUS module, allowed for the first time the direct measurement of a cellular function in real time and on orbit. We measured the oxidative burst reaction in mammalian macrophages (NR8383 rat alveolar macrophages) exposed to a centrifuge regime of internal 0 g and 1 g controls and step-wise increase or decrease of the gravitational force in four independent experiments. Surprisingly, we found that these macrophages adapted to microgravity in an ultra-fast manner within seconds, after an immediate inhibitory effect on the oxidative burst reaction. For the first time, we provided direct evidence of cellular sensitivity to gravity, through real-time on orbit measurements and by using an experimental system, in which all factors except gravity were constant. The surprisingly ultra-fast adaptation to microgravity indicates that mammalian macrophages are equipped with a highly efficient adaptation potential to a low gravity environment. This opens new avenues for the exploration of adaptation of mammalian cells to gravitational changes.
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Brinholi FF, Farias CCD, Bonifácio KL, Higachi L, Casagrande R, Moreira EG, Barbosa DS. Clozapine and olanzapine are better antioxidants than haloperidol, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone in in vitro models. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:411-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Outuki PM, de Francisco LMB, Hoscheid J, Bonifácio KL, Barbosa DS, Cardoso MLC. Development of arabic and xanthan gum microparticles loaded with an extract of Eschweilera nana Miers leaves with antioxidant capacity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Li Z, Shi H, Kang Y, Wang J, Huang J, Jiang L. Effects of heat stress on respiratory burst, oxidative damage and SERPINH1 (HSP47) mRNA expression in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish Physiol Biochem 2016; 42:701-710. [PMID: 26614500 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, high temperature is a major abiotic stress that limits its growth and productivity. In this study, spleen macrophage respiratory burst (RB), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and mRNA expression of the SERPINH1 (HSP47) gene in different tissues (liver, spleen, head kidney and heart) were measured in unstressed (18 °C) and heat-stressed (25 °C) fish. Spleen macrophage RB activity, serum SOD activity and MDA content all increased significantly (P < 0.05) during heat shock, and peaked at 8, 12 and 4 h, respectively. SERPINH1 mRNA expression responded in a time- and tissue-specific manner to heat stress, which was mainly reflected in the significant up-regulation in all tissues (P < 0.05) and greater expression in the liver than the other tissues (P < 0.05). During the heat-shock recovery period, the MDA content returned to the unstressed level. These results indicate that heat shock causes cell injury, induces oxidative damage and promotes SERPINH1 mRNA expression, which plays an important protective function during heat stress in O. mykiss. In practice, close attention should be given to temperature changes in O. mykiss production to reduce the effects of high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmencun, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmencun, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmencun, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Haina Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmencun, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yujun Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmencun, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Jianfu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmencun, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Jinqiang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmencun, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 150 Nanqingtacun, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100039, China
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Kozlovskaya V, Xue B, Lei W, Padgett LE, Tse HM, Kharlampieva E. Hydrogen-bonded multilayers of tannic acid as mediators of T-cell immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:686-94. [PMID: 25491369 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune-mediated disease resulting in the destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells. Transplantation of insulin-producing islets is a viable treatment to restore euglycemia in Type 1 diabetics; however, the clinical application remains limited due to the use of toxic immunosuppressive therapies to prevent immune-mediated rejection. A nanothin polymer material with dual antioxidant and immunosuppressive properties capable of modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses crucial for transplantation outcome is presented. Through the use of hollow microparticles (capsules) composed of hydrogen-bonded multilayers of natural polyphenol (tannic acid) with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (TA/PVPON) and with poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (TA/PVCL), proinflammatory reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are efficiently dissipated and the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α proinflammatory cytokines is attenuated by cognate antigen-stimulated autoreactive CD4+ T cells. These results provide evidence that TA-containing capsules are efficacious in immunomodulation and may provide physical transplant protection and prevent diabetogenic autoreactive T-cell responses. Future studies will determine if xeno- and allotransplantation with (TA/PVPON)- or (TA/PVCL)-coated pancreatic islets will decrease the risk of graft rejection due to attenuation of oxidative stress and IFN-γ, and restore euglycemia in Type 1 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL 35294 USA
| | - Bing Xue
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL 35294 USA
| | - Weiqi Lei
- Department of Microbiology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL 35294 USA
| | - Lindsey E. Padgett
- Department of Microbiology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL 35294 USA
| | - Hubert M. Tse
- Department of Microbiology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL 35294 USA
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL 35294 USA
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL 35294 USA
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Farias CCD, Bonifácio KL, Matsumoto AK, Higachi L, Casagrande R, Moreira EG, Barbosa DS. Comparison of the antioxidant potential of antiparkinsonian drugs in different in vitro models. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Furthermore, oxidative stress plays a role in PD, causing or contributing to the neurodegenerative process. Currently PD has only symptomatic treatment and still nothing can be done to stop the degenerative process of the disease. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the antioxidant capacity of pramipexole, selegeline and amantadine in different in vitrostudies and to offer possible explanations on the molecular antioxidant mechanisms of these drugs. In vitro, the antioxidant capacity of the drugs was assessed by the ability of antiparkinsonian drugs to decrease or scavenge ROS in the neutrophil respiratory burst, ability of antiparkinsonian drugs to donate hydrogen and stabilize the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH•), to scavenge 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS+) and evaluation of the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). This study demonstrated that both pramipexole and selegiline, but not amantadine, have antioxidant effects in vitro by scavenging superoxide anion on the respiratory burst, donating electron in the ABTS+ assay and presenting ferric reduction antioxidant power. This chemical structure-related antioxidant capacity suggests a possible neuroprotective mechanism of these drugs beyond their already recognized mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rúbia Casagrande
- State University of Londrina, Brazil; State University of Londrina, Brazil
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Freitas M, Ribeiro D, Tomé SM, Silva AM, Fernandes E. Synthesis of chlorinated flavonoids with anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic activities in human neutrophils. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:153-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Boll KM, Bortolasci CC, Zaminelli T, Veríssimo LF, Bacchi AD, Higachi L, Barbosa DS, Moreira EG. Passiflora incarnata treatment during gestation and lactation: toxicological and antioxidant evaluation in wistar dams. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Passiflora incarnata is marketed in many countries as a phytomedicine. Even though the directions of most marketed phytomedicines recommend them to be used under medical supervision, reproductive and developmental studies are sparse and not mandatory for regulatory purposes. In this study, a reproductive toxicity evaluation of P. incarnata was conducted in Wistar rats gavaged (30 or 300 mg/kg) during pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, considering that antioxidant properties have been attributed to flavonoids present in the genus Passiflora, it was also evaluated the antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance in the plasma of these dams and the antioxidant potential in an in vitro test. P. incarnata treatment did not influence dams´ body weight as well as reproductive (gestation length, post-implantation loss, litter size, litter weight) and hepatic (albumin, AST, ALT, GGT) parameters. The antioxidant property of P. incarnata was evidenced both in vivo (increase in the total antioxidant plasmatic potential) and in vitro (decrease in neutrophil-induced respiratory burst). The results from the present study indicate that under the experimental conditions evaluated, P. incarnata treatment during gestation and lactation presented antioxidant activity in the absence of maternal reproductive toxicity.
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Jolly S, Bado-Nilles A, Lamand F, Turies C, Chadili E, Porcher JM, Betoulle S, Sanchez W. Multi-biomarker approach in wild European bullhead, Cottus sp., exposed to agricultural and urban environmental pressures: practical recommendations for experimental design. Chemosphere 2012; 87:675-683. [PMID: 22265682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In freshwater ecosystems, a large number of chemical substances are able to disturb homeostasis of fish by modulating one or more physiological functions including the immune system. The aim of this study was to assess multi-biomarker responses including immunotoxicity induced by urban and agricultural pressure in European bullheads living in a small French river basin. For this purpose, a set of biochemical, immunological, physiological and histological parameters was measured in wild bullheads from five locations characterized by various environmental pressures. Moreover, to address effects of physiological status and contamination level variation on biomarker responses, fish were sampled during three periods (April, July and October). Results revealed a clear impact of environmental pressure on fish health and particularly on immunological status. An increase of EROD activity was recorded between upstream and downstream sites. Upstream sites were also characterized by neurotoxicological effects. Fish exhibited upstream/downstream variations of immunological status but strong differences were observed according to sampling season. Conversely, regarding biochemical and immunological effects, no significant response of physiological indexes was recorded related to environmental pressures. According to these results, the European bullhead appears as a valuable model fish species to assess adverse effects in wildlife due to urban and agricultural pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jolly
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
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Ignacchiti MDC, Sesti-Costa R, Marchi LF, Chedraoui-Silva S, Mantovani B. Effect of academic psychological stress in post-graduate students: the modulatory role of cortisol on superoxide release by neutrophils. Stress 2011; 14:290-300. [PMID: 21443430 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2010.545459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence shows that neutrophils play an important role in the mechanism of tissue injury in immune complex diseases through the generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we examined the influence of academic psychological stress in post-graduate students on the capacity of their blood neutrophils to release superoxide when stimulated by immune complexes bound to nonphagocytosable surfaces and investigated the modulatory effect of cortisol on this immune function. The tests were performed on the day before the final examination. The state-trait anxiety inventory questionnaire was used to examine whether this stressful event caused emotional distress. In our study, the psychological stress not only increased plasma cortisol concentration, but it also provoked a reduction in superoxide release by neutrophils. This decrease in superoxide release was accompanied by diminished mRNA expression for subunit p47(phox) of the phagocyte superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase. These inhibitory effects were also observed by in vitro exposure of neutrophils from control volunteers to 10(- 7) M hydrocortisone, and could be prevented by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-486. These results show that in a situation of psychological stress, the increased levels of cortisol could inhibit superoxide release by neutrophils stimulated by IgG immune complexes bound to nonphagocytosable surfaces, which could attenuate the inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D C Ignacchiti
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São PauloAvenueBandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Fortier M, Omara F, Bernier J, Brousseau P, Fournier M. Effects of physiological concentrations of heavy metals both individually and in mixtures on the viability and function of peripheral blood human leukocytes in vitro. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2008; 71:1327-1337. [PMID: 18686204 DOI: 10.1080/15287390802240918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Among environmental contaminants recognized for their toxicity and global distribution, heavy metals are elements known to exert serious ecological consequences. Published experiments on the immunotoxic effects of metals such as methylmercury (MeHg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were often conducted at concentrations higher than those present in the environment or those in human blood. In the present study the in vitro effects on human blood of environmentally relevant concentrations of MeHg (33-200 mug/L), Cd (3.1-16 mug/L), and Pb (75-207 mug/L) were assessed individually and in mixtures on the viability and immune competence of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). At MeHg concentrations of 120 and 200 mug/L both lymphocyte proliferation, as measured by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, and natural killer (NK) cytotoxity activity, as determined by dioctadecyloacarbocyanine, were suppressed. Our results showed an increase of intracellular thiols in lymphocytes and in monocytes at all the concentrations of metals tested. A decrease in the level of metallothionein (MT) was seen in monocytes in presence of Hg at concentration of 120 mug/L and higher. For lymphocytes, a significant increase of MT in groups containing the lower concentrations of Cd, and Hg was noted. In summary, it appears that Hg represents the most toxic metal at environmentally relevant concentrations on human peripheral mononuclear cells. The effects of Hg exposure were greater on lymphocytes and NK cells than on monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fortier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec, Canada.
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