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Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Lu L, Shi W, Zhang H, Qin W, Wang Y, Pu Y, Yin L. Upregulation of postsynaptic cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling alleviates copper(Ⅱ)-induced oxidative stress and pyroptosis in MN9D cells. Toxicology 2023:153582. [PMID: 37353053 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
It has been widely reported that long-term exposure to copper increases the prevalence and mortality of Parkinson's disease. Our previous study showed that CuSO4 exposure induced a significant increase in the expression of cleaved Caspase1 proteins and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc of mice. In this study, the effects of copper(Ⅱ) on cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway and pyroptosis-related proteins in MN9D cells were investigated by setting up copper(Ⅱ) exposure groups with different concentration gradients, to provide possible molecular evidence for studying the mechanism of copper(Ⅱ)-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. We found that after 48hours of copper(Ⅱ) exposure, the cu content in MN9D cells increased in a dose-dependent manner, and the proliferation activity decreased significantly. In addition, copper(Ⅱ) exposure caused up-regulation of PDE4D and down-regulation of D1R, cAMP, PKA and p-CREB/CREB. Simultaneously, we proved that copper(Ⅱ) exposure induced oxidative stress in MN9D cells, including decreased GSH-Px content, Keap1 expression and mitochondrial membrane potential, increased malondialdehyde content, ROS intensity, and Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, HSP-70 expression, further causing up-regulation of inflammasome and GSDMD protein. After pretreatment with Roflupram, the level of copper(Ⅱ)-induced oxidative damage decreased, the expression of inflammasome and GSDMD proteins were down-regulated. However, the protective effects of ROF were blocked by H-89. In summary, copper(Ⅱ) treatment induced oxidative stress and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in MN9D cells, which may be related to copper(Ⅱ)-induced postsynaptic cAMP, PKA, and CREB signal transduction disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Weizhuo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Ravenhill SM, Evans AH, Crewther SG. Escalating Bi-Directional Feedback Loops between Proinflammatory Microglia and Mitochondria in Ageing and Post-Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051117. [PMID: 37237983 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease affecting up to 3% of the global population over 65 years of age. Currently, the underlying physiological aetiology of PD is unknown. However, the diagnosed disorder shares many common non-motor symptoms associated with ageing-related neurodegenerative disease progression, such as neuroinflammation, microglial activation, neuronal mitochondrial impairment, and chronic autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Clinical PD has been linked to many interrelated biological and molecular processes, such as escalating proinflammatory immune responses, mitochondrial impairment, lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP) availability, increasing release of neurotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired blood brain barrier integrity, chronic activation of microglia, and damage to dopaminergic neurons consistently associated with motor and cognitive decline. Prodromal PD has also been associated with orthostatic hypotension and many other age-related impairments, such as sleep disruption, impaired gut microbiome, and constipation. Thus, this review aimed to present evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction, including elevated oxidative stress, ROS, and impaired cellular energy production, with the overactivation and escalation of a microglial-mediated proinflammatory immune response as naturally occurring and damaging interlinked bidirectional and self-perpetuating cycles that share common pathological processes in ageing and PD. We propose that both chronic inflammation, microglial activation, and neuronal mitochondrial impairment should be considered as concurrently influencing each other along a continuum rather than as separate and isolated linear metabolic events that affect specific aspects of neural processing and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Howard Evans
- Department of Medicine, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Epworth Hospital, Richmond 3121, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3050, Australia
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Gonzalez-Alcocer A, Gopar-Cuevas Y, Soto-Dominguez A, Castillo-Velazquez U, de Jesus Loera-Arias M, Saucedo-Cardenas O, de Oca-Luna RM, Garcia-Garcia A, Rodriguez-Rocha H. Combined chronic copper exposure and aging lead to neurotoxicity in vivo. Neurotoxicology 2023; 95:181-192. [PMID: 36775208 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The environment, containing pollutants, toxins, and transition metals (copper, iron, manganese, and zinc), plays a critical role in neurodegenerative disease development. Copper occupational exposure increases Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. Previously, we determined the mechanisms by which copper induces dopaminergic cell death in vitro. The copper transporter protein 1 (Ctr1) overexpression led to intracellular glutathione depletion potentiating caspase-3 mediated cell death; oxidative stress was primarily cytosolic, and Nrf2 was upregulated mediating an antioxidant response; and protein ubiquitination, AMPK-Ulk1 signaling, p62, and Atg5-dependent autophagy were increased as a protective mechanism. However, the effect of chronic copper exposure on the neurodegenerative process has not been explored in vivo. We aimed to elucidate whether prolonged copper treatment reproduces PD features and mechanisms during aging. Throughout 40 weeks, C57BL/6J male mice were treated with copper at 0, 100, 250, and 500 ppm in the drinking water. Chronic copper exposure altered motor function and induced dopaminergic neuronal loss, astrocytosis, and microgliosis in a dose-dependent manner. α-Synuclein accumulation and aggregation were increased in response to copper, and the proteasome and autophagy alterations, previously observed in vitro, were confirmed in vivo, where protein ubiquitination, AMPK phosphorylation, and the autophagy marker LC3-II were also increased by copper exposure. Finally, nitrosative stress was induced by copper in a concentration-dependent fashion, as evidenced by increased protein nitration. To our knowledge, this is the first study combining chronic copper exposure and aging, which may represent an in vivo model of non-genetic PD and help to assess potential prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. DATA AVAILABILITY: The data underlying this article are available in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Gonzalez-Alcocer
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Yareth Gopar-Cuevas
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Soto-Dominguez
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Uziel Castillo-Velazquez
- Departamento de Inmunología Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Escobedo, Nuevo León 66050, Mexico
| | - Maria de Jesus Loera-Arias
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico.
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico.
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Tong G, Zhang P, Hu W, Zhang K, Chen X. Diagnostic Test to Identify Parkinson's Disease from the Blood Sera of Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Parkinsons Dis 2022; 2022:8683877. [PMID: 35432916 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8683877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, a hallmark by the formation of misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein proteins. The expression of potential microRNA (miRNA) candidates isolated from serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exosomes of PD patients was assessed for their diagnostic value and their potential role as biomarkers for PD was explored. In this study, we characterize the expression level of miRNAs in the exosomes of blood sera and cerebrospinal fluid and explore their potential role as biomarkers for PD. Materials and Methods A total of 209 patients having an onset of PD, along with 60 neurodegenerative (ND) disorders and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. Blood samples and CSF samples were collected and exosomes were isolated. The isolated exosomes were characterized using CD63 detection and exosomal RNA was extracted. Serum miRNA profiling was carried out by synthesizing cDNA from the purified RNA and miRNA transcripts were determined by qRT-PCR using SYBR Green PremixScript. microRNA profiling strategy was employed for extracting the exosomal miRNAs from the exosomes. Results Five common miRNAs viz. miR-151a-5p, miR-24, mir-485-5p, mir-331-5p, and mir-214 were found to be upregulated with statistical significance in both the serum exosome and CSF exosomes. The investigation revealed that serum and CSF exosomal miRNA molecules are definitive biomarkers for PD with proper specificity and sensitivity. Conclusions The significant level of miR-151a-5p, miR-24, mir-485-5p, mir-331-5p, and mir-214 was observed in the serum and CSF which may be established as a biomarker for the diagnosis of PD.
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Banerjee P, Saha I, Sarkar D, Maiti AK. Contributions and Limitations of Mitochondria-Targeted and Non-Targeted Antioxidants in the Treatment of Parkinsonism: an Updated Review. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:847-873. [PMID: 35386026 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As conventional therapeutics can only treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), major focus of research in recent times is to slow down or prevent the progression of neuronal degeneration in PD. Non-targeted antioxidants have been an integral part of the conventional therapeutics regimen; however, their importance have lessened over time because of their controversial outcomes in clinical PD trials. Inability to permeate and localize within the mitochondria remains the main drawback on the part of non-targeted antioxidants inspite of possessing free radical scavenging properties. In contrast, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants (MTAs), a special class of compounds have emerged having high advantages over non-targeted antioxidants by virtue of efficient pharmacokinetics and better absorption rate with capability to localize many fold inside the mitochondrial matrix. Preclinical experimentations indicate that MTAs have the potential to act as better alternatives compared to conventional non-targeted antioxidants in treating PD; however, sufficient clinical trials have not been conducted to investigate the efficacies of MTAs in treating PD. Controversial clinical outcomes on the part of non-targeted antioxidants and lack of clinical trials involving MTAs have made it difficult to go ahead with a direct comparison and in turn have slowed down the progress of development of safer and better alternate strategies in treating PD. This review provides an insight on the roles MTAs and non-targeted antioxidants have played in the treatment of PD till date in preclinical and clinical settings and discusses about the limitations of mitochondria-targeted and non-targeted antioxidants that can be resolved for developing effective strategies in treating Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyajit Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, Pin-713104, India
| | - Ishita Saha
- Department of Physiology, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, Pin-700073, India
| | - Diptendu Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, West Bengal, 711202, India
| | - Arpan Kumar Maiti
- Mitochondrial Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, District - Darjeeling, P.O. N.B.U, Raja Rammohunpur, West Bengal, Pin-734013, India.
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6
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Zhang W, Shen J, Wang Y, Cai K, Zhang Q, Cao M. Blood SSR1: A Possible Biomarker for Early Prediction of Parkinson’s Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:762544. [PMID: 35310885 PMCID: PMC8924528 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.762544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease associated with age. Early diagnosis of PD is key to preventing the loss of dopamine neurons. Peripheral-blood biomarkers have shown their value in recent years because of their easy access and long-term monitoring advantages. However, few peripheral-blood biomarkers have proven useful. This study aims to explore potential peripheral-blood biomarkers for the early diagnosis of PD. Three substantia nigra (SN) transcriptome datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were divided into a training cohort and a test cohort. We constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) network, found their overlapping differentially expressed genes and studied them as the key genes. Analysis of the peripheral-blood transcriptome datasets of PD patients from GEO showed that three key genes were upregulated in PD over healthy participants. Analysis of the relationship between their expression and survival and analysis of their brain expression suggested that these key genes could become biomarkers. Then, animal models were studied to validate the expression of the key genes, and only SSR1 (the signal sequence receptor subunit1) was significantly upregulated in both animal models in peripheral blood. Correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between brain dopaminergic neurons and SSR1 expression, and it was found that SSR1 expression was negatively correlated with dopaminergic neuron survival. The upregulation of SSR1 expression in peripheral blood was also found to precede the abnormal behavior of animals. In addition, the application of artificial intelligence technology further showed the value of SSR1 in clinical PD prediction. The three classifiers all showed that SSR1 had high predictability for PD. The classifier with the best prediction accuracy was selected through AUC and MCC to construct a prediction model. In short, this research not only provides potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of PD but also establishes a possible artificial intelligence model for predicting PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiabing Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Microelectrics, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Kefu Cai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Maohong Cao Qi Zhang
| | - Maohong Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Maohong Cao Qi Zhang
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7
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Wang X, Ren Y, Gong C, Chen Y, Ge X, Kong J, Sun W, Du X. 40S ribosomal protein S18 is a novel maternal peptidoglycan-binding protein that protects embryos of zebrafish from bacterial infections. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 125:104212. [PMID: 34310970 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that ribosomal proteins play important roles in ribosome assembly and protein translation, but other biological functions remain ill-defined. Here it is clearly demonstrated that RPS18 is a newly identified PGN-binding protein which is present abundantly in the eggs/embryos of zebrafish. Recombinant RPS18 not only identifies the bacterial signature molecule PGN, LPS, and LTA, and binds the bacteria as a pattern recognition receptor, but also kills the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as an antibacterial effector molecule. What is important is that, we reveal that microinjection of rRPS18 into early embryos significantly improved the resistance of the embryos against pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, and co-injection of anti-RPS18 antibody could markedly reduced this improved bacterial resistance. In summary, these results indicate that RPS18 is a maternal immune factor that can protect the early embryos of zebrafish against pathogenic attacks. This work also provides another angle for understanding the biological functions of ribosomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Yiqing Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Chengming Gong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xiaoping Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Jun Kong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Du
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Centre, State Oceanic Administration, 22 Fushun Road, Qingdao, 266033, China.
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8
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Beutgen VM, Schmelter C, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Contribution of the Commensal Microflora to the Immunological Homeostasis and the Importance of Immune-Related Drug Development for Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8896. [PMID: 34445599 PMCID: PMC8396286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Not long ago, self-reactive immune activity was considered as pathological trait. A paradigm shift has now led to the recognition of autoimmune processes as part of natural maintenance of molecular homeostasis. The immune system is assigned further roles beneath the defense against pathogenic organisms. Regarding the humoral immune system, the investigation of natural autoantibodies that are frequently found in healthy individuals has led to further hypotheses involving natural autoimmunity in other processes as the clearing of cellular debris or decrease in inflammatory processes. However, their role and origin have not been entirely clarified, but accumulating evidence links their formation to immune reactions against the gut microbiome. Antibodies targeting highly conserved proteins of the commensal microflora are suggested to show self-reactive properties, following the paradigm of the molecular mimicry. Here, we discuss recent findings, which demonstrate potential links of the commensal microflora to the immunological homeostasis and highlight the possible implications for various diseases. Furthermore, specific components of the immune system, especially antibodies, have become a focus of attention for the medical management of various diseases and provide attractive treatment options in the future. Nevertheless, the development and optimization of such macromolecules still represents a very time-consuming task, shifting the need to more medical agents with simple structural properties and low manufacturing costs. Synthesizing only the biologically active sites of antibodies has become of great interest for the pharmaceutical industry and offers a wide range of therapeutic application areas as it will be discussed in the present review article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franz H. Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.M.B.); (C.S.); (N.P.)
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9
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Gopar-Cuevas Y, Duarte-Jurado AP, Diaz-Perez RN, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Loera-Arias MJ, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Garcia-Garcia A. Pursuing Multiple Biomarkers for Early Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5517-5532. [PMID: 34350555 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) ranks first in the world as a neurodegenerative movement disorder and occurs most commonly in an idiopathic form. PD patients may have motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, including cognitive and behavioral changes, and symptoms related to autonomic nervous system (ANS) failures, such as gastrointestinal, urinary, and cardiovascular symptoms. Unfortunately, the diagnostic accuracy of PD by general neurologists is relatively low. Currently, there is no objective molecular or biochemical test for PD; its diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, mainly by cardinal motor symptoms, which manifest when patients have lost about 60-80% of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a panel of biomarkers for the early and accurate diagnosis of PD. Once the disease is accurately diagnosed, it may be easier to unravel idiopathic PD's pathogenesis, and ultimately, finding a cure. This review discusses several biomarkers' potential to set a panel for early idiopathic PD diagnosis and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yareth Gopar-Cuevas
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ana P Duarte-Jurado
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Rosa N Diaz-Perez
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico.,Departamento de Genética Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Delegación Nuevo León, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Maria J Loera-Arias
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Luna
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico.
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10
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Wang F, Zhang D, Zhang D, Li P, Gao Y. Mitochondrial Protein Translation: Emerging Roles and Clinical Significance in Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675465. [PMID: 34277617 PMCID: PMC8280776 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the most important organelles in cells. Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles with their own genetic system, and can independently replicate, transcribe, and translate mitochondrial DNA. Translation initiation, elongation, termination, and recycling of the ribosome are four stages in the process of mitochondrial protein translation. In this process, mitochondrial protein translation factors and translation activators, mitochondrial RNA, and other regulatory factors regulate mitochondrial protein translation. Mitochondrial protein translation abnormalities are associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and nervous system diseases. Mutation or deletion of various mitochondrial protein translation factors and translation activators leads to abnormal mitochondrial protein translation. Mitochondrial tRNAs and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are essential players during translation and mutations in genes encoding them represent a large fraction of mitochondrial diseases. Moreover, there is crosstalk between mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation, and the imbalance between mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation can affect some physiological and pathological processes. This review summarizes the regulation of mitochondrial protein translation factors, mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, mitochondrial tRNAs, and mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs) in the mitochondrial protein translation process and its relationship with diseases. The regulation of mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation in multiple diseases is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Deyu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dejiu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
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11
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Duarte-Jurado AP, Gopar-Cuevas Y, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Loera-Arias MJ, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, Garcia-Garcia A, Rodriguez-Rocha H. Antioxidant Therapeutics in Parkinson's Disease: Current Challenges and Opportunities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:453. [PMID: 33803945 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered one of the pathological mechanisms that cause Parkinson’s disease (PD), which has led to the investigation of several antioxidants molecules as a potential therapeutic treatment against the disease. Although preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of these compounds to maintain neuronal survival and activity in PD models, these results have not been reflected in clinical trials, antioxidants have not been able to act as disease modifiers in terms of clinical symptoms. Translational medicine currently faces the challenge of redesigning clinical trials to standardize criteria when testing molecules to reduce responses’ variability. Herein, we discuss current challenges and opportunities regarding several non-enzymatic antioxidants’ therapeutic molecules for PD patients’ potential treatment.
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Falchetti M, Prediger RD, Zanotto-Filho A. Classification algorithms applied to blood-based transcriptome meta-analysis to predict idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Comput Biol Med 2020; 124:103925. [PMID: 32889300 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains a challenge in clinical practice, mostly due to lack of peripheral blood markers. Transcriptomic analysis of blood samples has emerged as a potential means to identify biomarkers and gene signatures of PD. In this context, classification algorithms can assist in detecting data patterns such as phenotypes and transcriptional signatures with potential diagnostic application. In this study, we performed gene expression meta-analysis of blood transcriptome from PD and control patients in order to identify a gene-set capable of predicting PD using classification algorithms. We examined microarray data from public repositories and, after systematic review, 4 independent cohorts (GSE6613, GSE57475, GSE72267 and GSE99039) comprising 711 samples (388 idiopathic PD and 323 healthy individuals) were selected. Initially, analysis of differentially expressed genes resulted in minimal overlap among datasets. To circumvent this, we carried out meta-analysis of 17,712 genes across datasets, and calculated weighted mean Hedges' g effect sizes. From the top-100- positive and negative gene effect sizes, algorithms of collinearity recognition and recursive feature elimination were used to generate a 59-gene signature of idiopathic PD. This signature was evaluated by 9 classification algorithms and 4 sample size-adjusted training groups to create 36 models. Of these, 33 showed accuracy higher than the non-information rate, and 2 models built on Support Vector Machine Regression bestowed best accuracy to predict PD and healthy control samples. In summary, the gene meta-analysis followed by machine learning methodology employed herein identified a gene-set capable of accurately predicting idiopathic PD in blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Falchetti
- Laboratório Experimental de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Laboratório Experimental de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Abstract
Novel therapies are needed to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) in which the clinical unmet need is pressing. Currently, no clinically available therapeutic strategy can either retard or reverse PD or repair its pathological consequences. l-DOPA (levodopa) is still the gold standard therapy for motor symptoms yet symptomatic therapies for both motor and non-motor symptoms are improving. Many on-going, intervention trials cover a broad range of targets, including cell replacement and gene therapy approaches, quality of life improving technologies, and disease-modifying strategies (e.g., controlling aberrant α-synuclein accumulation and regulating cellular/neuronal bioenergetics). Notably, the repurposing of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues with potential disease-modifying effects based on metabolic pathology associated with PD has been promising. Nevertheless, there is a clear need for improved therapeutic and diagnostic options, disease progression tracking and patient stratification capabilities to deliver personalized treatment and optimize trial design. This review discusses some of the risk factors and consequent pathology associated with PD and particularly the metabolic aspects of PD, novel therapies targeting these pathologies (e.g., mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation/neuroinflammation), including the repurposing of metabolic therapies, and unmet needs as potential drivers for future clinical trials and research in PD.
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Trifonova OP, Maslov DL, Balashova EE, Urazgildeeva GR, Abaimov DA, Fedotova EY, Poleschuk VV, Illarioshkin SN, Lokhov PG. Parkinson's Disease: Available Clinical and Promising Omics Tests for Diagnostics, Disease Risk Assessment, and Pharmacotherapy Personalization. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E339. [PMID: 32466249 PMCID: PMC7277996 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, representing a significant medical and socio-economic problem. Modern medicine still has no answer to the question of why Parkinson's disease develops and whether it is possible to develop an effective system of prevention. Therefore, active work is currently underway to find ways to assess the risks of the disease, as well as a means to extend the life of patients and improve its quality. Modern studies aim to create a method of assessing the risk of occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD), to search for the specific ways of correction of biochemical disorders occurring in the prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease, and to personalize approaches to antiparkinsonian pharmacotherapy. In this review, we summarized all available clinically approved tests and techniques for PD diagnostics. Then, we reviewed major improvements and recent advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics studies and application of metabolomics in PD research, and discussed the major metabolomics findings for diagnostics and therapy of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana P. Trifonova
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Dmitri L. Maslov
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Elena E. Balashova
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Guzel R. Urazgildeeva
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Denis A. Abaimov
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Ekaterina Yu. Fedotova
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Vsevolod V. Poleschuk
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Sergey N. Illarioshkin
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Petr G. Lokhov
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
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