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Abstract
Due to the ability to differentiate into variety of cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise as source in cell-based therapy for treating injured tissue and degenerative diseases. The potential use of MSCs to replace or repair damaged tissues may depend on the efficient differentiation protocols to derive specialized cells without any negative side effects. Identification of appropriate cues that support the lineage-specific differentiation of stem cells is critical for tissue healing and cellular therapy. Recently, a number of stimuli have been utilized to direct the differentiation of stem cells. Biochemical stimuli such as small molecule, growth factor and miRNA have been traditionally used to regulate the fate of stem cells. In recent years, many studies have reported that biophysical stimuli including cyclic mechanical strain, fluid shear stress, microgravity, electrical stimulation, matrix stiffness and topography can also be sensed by stem cells through mechanical receptors, thus affecting the stem cell behaviors including their differentiation potential. In this paper, we review all the most recent literature on the application of biochemical and biophysical cues on regulating MSC differentiation. An extensive literature search was done using electronic database (Medline/Pubmed). Although there are still some challenges that need to be taken into consideration before translating these methods into clinics, biochemical and biophysical stimulation appears to be an attractive method to manipulate the lineage commitment of MSCs.
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Yeh YT, Wei J, Thorossian S, Nguyen K, Hoffman C, Del Álamo JC, Serrano R, Li YSJ, Wang KC, Chien S. MiR-145 mediates cell morphology-regulated mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to smooth muscle cells. Biomaterials 2019; 204:59-69. [PMID: 30884320 PMCID: PMC6825513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of biochemical signaling to derive smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been explored, but the induction of a fully functional SMC phenotype remains to be a major challenge. Cell morphology has been shown to regulate MSC differentiation into various lineages, including SMCs. We engineered substrates with microgrooves to induce cell elongation to study the mechanism underlying the MSC shape modulation in SMC differentiation. In comparison to those on flat substrates, MSCs cultured on engineered substrates were elongated with increased aspect ratios for both cell body and nucleus, as well as augmented cytoskeletal tensions. Biochemical studies indicated that the microgroove-elongated cells expressed significantly higher levels of SMC markers. MicroRNA analyses showed that up-regulation of miR-145 and the consequent repression of KLF4 in these elongated cells promoted MSC-to-SMC differentiation. Rho/ROCK inhibitions, which impair cytoskeletal tension, attenuated cell and nuclear elongations and disrupted the miR-145/KLF4 regulation for SMC differentiation. Furthermore, cell traction force measurements showed that miR-145 is essential for the functional contractility in the microgroove-induced SMC differentiation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that, through a Rho-ROCK/miR-145/KLF4 pathway, the elongated cell shape serves as a decisive geometric cue to direct MSC differentiation into functional SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Yeh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Josh Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Satenick Thorossian
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Katherine Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Clarissa Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Juan C Del Álamo
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Yi-Shuan Julie Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Kuei-Chun Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States.
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States.
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Ranjbar R, Karimian A, Aghaie Fard A, Tourani M, Majidinia M, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi B. The importance of miRNAs and epigenetics in acute lymphoblastic leukemia prognosis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3216-3230. [PMID: 29384211 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), one of the most common malignant human disorders, originates in different important genetic lesions in T-cell or B-cell progenitors. ALL is a malignant lymphoid progenitor with peak prevalence in children (2-5 years). The rate of survival when one is suffering from ALL depends on various agents including the age of the patient, responses to anti-leukemic therapy, and cell biology. miRNAs and epigenetics are important regulatory factors in the expression of genes. miRNAs are noncoding RNA with inhibitory effectors on specific mRNA. Patterns of DNA methylation are profoundly changed in ALL by epigenetic mechanisms. The deciphering of miRNA and the epigenetic pathogenesis in ALL could revolutionize response to the therapy and outcome, and create an enormous promise for novel approaches to reduce the toxic side-effects of intensive leukemia. Hence, pathogenetic miRNAs and epigenetics leading to the initiation and the progression of ALL are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Arad Aghaie Fard
- Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Hematology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Tourani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Fan D, Wu S, Ye S, Wang W, Guo X, Liu Z. Umbilical cord mesenchyme stem cell local intramuscular injection for treatment of uterine niche: Protocol for a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8480. [PMID: 29095305 PMCID: PMC5682824 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine niche is defined as a triangular anechoic structure at the site of the scar or a gap in the myometrium at the site of a previous caesarean section. The main clinical manifestations are postmenstrual spotting and intrauterine infection, which may seriously affect the daily life of nonpregnant women. Trials have shown an excellent safety and efficacy for the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a therapeutic option for scar reconstruction. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of using MSCs in the treatment for the uterine niche. METHODS/DESIGN This phase II clinical trial is a single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled with 2 arms. One hundred twenty primiparous participants will be randomly (1:1 ratio) assigned to receive direct intramuscular injection of MSCs (a dose of 1*10 cells in 1 mL of 0.9% saline) (MSCs group) or an identical-appearing 1 mL of 0.9% saline (placebo-controlled group) near the uterine incision. The primary outcome of this trial is to evaluate the proportion of participants at 6 months who is found uterine niche in the uterus by transvaginal utrasonography. Adverse events will be documented in a case report form. The study will be conducted at the Department of Obstetric of Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan. DISCUSSION This trial is the first investigation of the potential for therapeutic use of MSCs for the management of uterine niche after cesarean delivery. CONCLUSION This protocol will help to determine the efficacy and safety of MSCs treatment in uterine niche and bridge the gap with regards to the current preclinical and clinical evidence. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02968459 (Clinical Trials.gov: http://clinicaltrials.gov/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Fan
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine
- Department of Obstetrics, Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuzhen Wu
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine
- Department of Obstetrics, Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong
| | - Shaoxin Ye
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine
- Department of Obstetrics, Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong
| | - Wen Wang
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine
- Department of Obstetrics, Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine
- Department of Obstetrics, Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong
| | - Zhengping Liu
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine
- Department of Obstetrics, Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong
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