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Jonker T, Barnett P, Boink GJJ, Christoffels VM. Role of Genetic Variation in Transcriptional Regulatory Elements in Heart Rhythm. Cells 2023; 13:4. [PMID: 38201209 PMCID: PMC10777909 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition to cardiac arrhythmias has been a field of intense investigation. Research initially focused on rare hereditary arrhythmias, but over the last two decades, the role of genetic variation (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in heart rate, rhythm, and arrhythmias has been taken into consideration as well. In particular, genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of genomic loci associated with quantitative electrocardiographic traits, atrial fibrillation, and less common arrhythmias such as Brugada syndrome. A significant number of associated variants have been found to systematically localize in non-coding regulatory elements that control the tissue-specific and temporal transcription of genes encoding transcription factors, ion channels, and other proteins. However, the identification of causal variants and the mechanism underlying their impact on phenotype has proven difficult due to the complex tissue-specific, time-resolved, condition-dependent, and combinatorial function of regulatory elements, as well as their modest conservation across different model species. In this review, we discuss research efforts aimed at identifying and characterizing-trait-associated variant regulatory elements and the molecular mechanisms underlying their impact on heart rate or rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Jonker
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.J.); (P.B.); (G.J.J.B.)
| | - Phil Barnett
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.J.); (P.B.); (G.J.J.B.)
| | - Gerard J. J. Boink
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.J.); (P.B.); (G.J.J.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M. Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.J.); (P.B.); (G.J.J.B.)
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2
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Verkerk AO, Wilders R. Injection of I K1 through dynamic clamp can make all the difference in patch-clamp studies on hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1326160. [PMID: 38152247 PMCID: PMC10751953 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1326160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-induced stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are a valuable tool for studying development, pharmacology, and (inherited) arrhythmias. Unfortunately, hiPSC-CMs are depolarized and spontaneously active, even the working cardiomyocyte subtypes such as atrial- and ventricular-like hiPSC-CMs, in contrast to the situation in the atria and ventricles of adult human hearts. Great efforts have been made, using many different strategies, to generate more mature, quiescent hiPSC-CMs with more close-to-physiological resting membrane potentials, but despite promising results, it is still difficult to obtain hiPSC-CMs with such properties. The dynamic clamp technique allows to inject a current with characteristics of the inward rectifier potassium current (IK1), computed in real time according to the actual membrane potential, into patch-clamped hiPSC-CMs during action potential measurements. This results in quiescent hiPSC-CMs with a close-to-physiological resting membrane potential. As a result, action potential measurements can be performed with normal ion channel availability, which is particularly important for the physiological functioning of the cardiac SCN5A-encoded fast sodium current (INa). We performed in vitro and in silico experiments to assess the beneficial effects of the dynamic clamp technique in dissecting the functional consequences of the SCN5A-1795insD+/- mutation. In two separate sets of patch-clamp experiments on control hiPSC-CMs and on hiPSC-CMs with mutations in ACADVL and GNB5, we assessed the value of dynamic clamp in detecting delayed afterdepolarizations and in investigating factors that modulate the resting membrane potential. We conclude that the dynamic clamp technique has highly beneficial effects in all of the aforementioned settings and should be widely used in patch-clamp studies on hiPSC-CMs while waiting for the ultimate fully mature hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie O. Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald Wilders
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Hartmann N, Knierim M, Maurer W, Dybkova N, Hasenfuß G, Sossalla S, Streckfuss-Bömeke K. Molecular and Functional Relevance of Na V1.8-Induced Atrial Arrhythmogenic Triggers in a Human SCN10A Knock-Out Stem Cell Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10189. [PMID: 37373335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In heart failure and atrial fibrillation, a persistent Na+ current (INaL) exerts detrimental effects on cellular electrophysiology and can induce arrhythmias. We have recently shown that NaV1.8 contributes to arrhythmogenesis by inducing a INaL. Genome-wide association studies indicate that mutations in the SCN10A gene (NaV1.8) are associated with increased risk for arrhythmias, Brugada syndrome, and sudden cardiac death. However, the mediation of these NaV1.8-related effects, whether through cardiac ganglia or cardiomyocytes, is still a subject of controversial discussion. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate homozygous atrial SCN10A-KO-iPSC-CMs. Ruptured-patch whole-cell patch-clamp was used to measure the INaL and action potential duration. Ca2+ measurements (Fluo 4-AM) were performed to analyze proarrhythmogenic diastolic SR Ca2+ leak. The INaL was significantly reduced in atrial SCN10A KO CMs as well as after specific pharmacological inhibition of NaV1.8. No effects on atrial APD90 were detected in any groups. Both SCN10A KO and specific blockers of NaV1.8 led to decreased Ca2+ spark frequency and a significant reduction of arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves. Our experiments demonstrate that NaV1.8 contributes to INaL formation in human atrial CMs and that NaV1.8 inhibition modulates proarrhythmogenic triggers in human atrial CMs and therefore NaV1.8 could be a new target for antiarrhythmic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hartmann
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maria Knierim
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Clinic for Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Maurer
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nataliya Dybkova
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Departments of Cardiology at Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Center, Bad Nauheim and University of Giessen, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen and Rhein Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Nasilli G, Yiangou L, Palandri C, Cerbai E, Davis RP, Verkerk AO, Casini S, Remme CA. Beneficial effects of chronic mexiletine treatment in a human model of SCN5A overlap syndrome. Europace 2023; 25:euad154. [PMID: 37369559 PMCID: PMC10299896 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS SCN5A mutations are associated with various cardiac phenotypes, including long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3), Brugada syndrome (BrS), and cardiac conduction disease (CCD). Certain mutations, such as SCN5A-1795insD, lead to an overlap syndrome, with patients exhibiting both features of BrS/CCD [decreased sodium current (INa)] and LQT3 (increased late INa). The sodium channel blocker mexiletine may acutely decrease LQT3-associated late INa and chronically increase peak INa associated with SCN5A loss-of-function mutations. However, most studies have so far employed heterologous expression systems and high mexiletine concentrations. We here investigated the effects of a therapeutic dose of mexiletine on the mixed phenotype associated with the SCN5A-1795insD mutation in HEK293A cells and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). METHODS AND RESULTS To assess only the chronic effects on trafficking, HEK293A cells transfected with wild-type (WT) SCN5A or SCN5A-1795insD were incubated for 48 h with 10 µm mexiletine followed by wash-out, which resulted in an increased peak INa for both SCN5A-WT and SCN5A-1795insD and an increased late INa for SCN5A-1795insD. Acute re-exposure of HEK293A cells to 10 µm mexiletine did not impact on peak INa but significantly decreased SCN5A-1795insD late INa. Chronic incubation of SCN5A-1795insD hiPSC-CMs with mexiletine followed by wash-out increased peak INa, action potential (AP) upstroke velocity, and AP duration. Acute re-exposure did not impact on peak INa or AP upstroke velocity, but significantly decreased AP duration. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate for the first time the therapeutic benefit of mexiletine in a human cardiomyocyte model of SCN5A overlap syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Nasilli
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Palandri
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Casini
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Salvage SC, Jeevaratnam K, Huang CL, Jackson AP. Cardiac sodium channel complexes and arrhythmia: structural and functional roles of the β1 and β3 subunits. J Physiol 2023; 601:923-940. [PMID: 36354758 PMCID: PMC10953345 DOI: 10.1113/jp283085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cardiac myocytes, the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV 1.5 opens in response to membrane depolarisation and initiates the action potential. The NaV 1.5 channel is typically associated with regulatory β-subunits that modify gating and trafficking behaviour. These β-subunits contain a single extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domain, a single transmembrane α-helix and an intracellular region. Here we focus on the role of the β1 and β3 subunits in regulating NaV 1.5. We catalogue β1 and β3 domain specific mutations that have been associated with inherited cardiac arrhythmia, including Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome, atrial fibrillation and sudden death. We discuss how new structural insights into these proteins raises new questions about physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher L.‐H. Huang
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PhysiologyDevelopment and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Casini S, Marchal GA, Kawasaki M, Fabrizi B, Wesselink R, Nariswari FA, Neefs J, van den Berg NWE, Driessen AHG, de Groot JR, Verkerk AO, Remme CA. Differential Sodium Current Remodelling Identifies Distinct Cellular Proarrhythmic Mechanisms in Paroxysmal vs Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:277-288. [PMID: 36586483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular mechanisms underlying progression from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) are not fully understood, but alterations in (late) sodium current (INa) have been proposed. Human studies investigating electrophysiological changes at the paroxysmal stage of AF are sparse, with the majority employing right atrial appendage cardiomyocytes (CMs). We here investigated action potential (AP) characteristics and (late) INa remodelling in left atrial appendage CMs (LAA-CMs) from patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF and patients in sinus rhythm (SR), as well as the potential contribution of the "neuronal" sodium channel SCN10A/NaV1.8. METHODS Peak INa, late INa and AP properties were investigated through patch-clamp analysis on single LAA-CMs, whereas quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess SCN5A/SCN10A expression levels in LAA tissue. RESULTS In paroxysmal and persistent AF LAA-CMs, AP duration was shorter than in SR LAA-CMs. Compared with SR, peak INa and SCN5A expression were significantly decreased in paroxysmal AF, whereas they were restored to SR levels in persistent AF. Conversely, although late INa was unchanged in paroxysmal AF compared with SR, it was significantly increased in persistent AF. Peak or late Nav1.8-based INa was not detected in persistent AF LAA-CMs. Similarly, expression of SCN10A was not observed in LAAs at any stage. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate differences in (late) INa remodeling in LAA-CMs from patients with paroxysmal vs persistent AF, indicating distinct cellular proarrhythmic mechanisms in different AF forms. These observations are of particular relevance when considering potential pharmacologic approaches targeting (late) INa in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Casini
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerard A Marchal
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Makiri Kawasaki
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedetta Fabrizi
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Wesselink
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fransisca A Nariswari
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Neefs
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline W E van den Berg
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine H G Driessen
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris R de Groot
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Popa IP, Șerban DN, Mărănducă MA, Șerban IL, Tamba BI, Tudorancea I. Brugada Syndrome: From Molecular Mechanisms and Genetics to Risk Stratification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043328. [PMID: 36834739 PMCID: PMC9967917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a rare hereditary arrhythmia disorder, with a distinctive ECG pattern, correlated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young adults. BrS is a complex entity in terms of mechanisms, genetics, diagnosis, arrhythmia risk stratification, and management. The main electrophysiological mechanism of BrS requires further research, with prevailing theories centered on aberrant repolarization, depolarization, and current-load match. Computational modelling, pre-clinical, and clinical research show that BrS molecular anomalies result in excitation wavelength (k) modifications, which eventually increase the risk of arrhythmia. Although a mutation in the SCN5A (Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 5) gene was first reported almost two decades ago, BrS is still currently regarded as a Mendelian condition inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with incomplete penetrance, despite the recent developments in the field of genetics and the latest hypothesis of additional inheritance pathways proposing a more complex mode of inheritance. In spite of the extensive use of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique with high coverage, genetics remains unexplained in a number of clinically confirmed cases. Except for the SCN5A which encodes the cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5, susceptibility genes remain mostly unidentified. The predominance of cardiac transcription factor loci suggests that transcriptional regulation is essential to the Brugada syndrome's pathogenesis. It appears that BrS is a multifactorial disease, which is influenced by several loci, each of which is affected by the environment. The primary challenge in individuals with a BrS type 1 ECG is to identify those who are at risk for sudden death, researchers propose the use of a multiparametric clinical and instrumental strategy for risk stratification. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest findings addressing the genetic architecture of BrS and to provide novel perspectives into its molecular underpinnings and novel models of risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Paula Popa
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Dragomir N. Șerban
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Mărănducă
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ionela Lăcrămioara Șerban
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Department of Pharmacology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Ionuț Tudorancea
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
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Mouchbahani-Constance S, Lagard C, Schweizer J, Labonté I, Georgiopoulos M, Otis C, St-Louis M, Troncy E, Sarret P, Ribeiro-Da-Silva A, Ouellet JA, Séguéla P, Paquet ME, Sharif-Naeini R. Modulating the activity of human nociceptors with a SCN10A promoter-specific viral vector tool. Neurobiol Pain 2023; 13:100120. [PMID: 36816616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of chronic pain as a disease in our society, there is a lack of effective treatment options for patients living with this condition. Gene therapies using recombinant AAVs are a direct method to selectively express genes of interest in target cells with the potential of, in the case of nociceptors, reducing neuronal firing in pain conditions. We designed a recombinant AAV vector expressing cargos whose expression was driven by a portion of the SCN10A (NaV1.8) promoter, which is predominantly active in nociceptors. We validated its specificity for nociceptors in mouse and human dorsal root ganglia and showed that it can drive the expression of functional proteins. Our viral vector and promoter package drove the expression of both excitatory or inhibitory DREADDs in primary human DRG cultures and in whole cell electrophysiology experiments, increased or decreased neuronal firing, respectively. Taken together, we present a novel viral tool that drives expression of cargo specifically in human nociceptors. This will allow for future specific studies of human nociceptor properties as well as pave the way for potential future gene therapies for chronic pain.
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Horváth B, Szentandrássy N, Almássy J, Dienes C, Kovács ZM, Nánási PP, Banyasz T. Late Sodium Current of the Heart: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020231. [PMID: 35215342 PMCID: PMC8879921 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Late sodium current has long been linked to dysrhythmia and contractile malfunction in the heart. Despite the increasing body of accumulating information on the subject, our understanding of its role in normal or pathologic states is not complete. Even though the role of late sodium current in shaping action potential under physiologic circumstances is debated, it’s unquestioned role in arrhythmogenesis keeps it in the focus of research. Transgenic mouse models and isoform-specific pharmacological tools have proved useful in understanding the mechanism of late sodium current in health and disease. This review will outline the mechanism and function of cardiac late sodium current with special focus on the recent advances of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Horváth
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Norbert Szentandrássy
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Csaba Dienes
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Zsigmond Máté Kovács
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
| | - Péter P. Nánási
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
- Department of Dental Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Banyasz
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.H.); (N.S.); (J.A.); (C.D.); (Z.M.K.); (P.P.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-(52)-255-575; Fax: +36-(52)-255-116
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Harlaar N, Dekker SO, Zhang J, Snabel RR, Veldkamp MW, Verkerk AO, Fabres CC, Schwach V, Lerink LJS, Rivaud MR, Mulder AA, Corver WE, Goumans MJTH, Dobrev D, Klautz RJM, Schalij MJ, Veenstra GJC, Passier R, van Brakel TJ, Pijnappels DA, de Vries AAF. Conditional immortalization of human atrial myocytes for the generation of in vitro models of atrial fibrillation. Nat Biomed Eng 2022. [PMID: 34992271 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lack of a scalable and robust source of well-differentiated human atrial myocytes constrains the development of in vitro models of atrial fibrillation (AF). Here we show that fully functional atrial myocytes can be generated and expanded one-quadrillion-fold via a conditional cell-immortalization method relying on lentiviral vectors and the doxycycline-controlled expression of a recombinant viral oncogene in human foetal atrial myocytes, and that the immortalized cells can be used to generate in vitro models of AF. The method generated 15 monoclonal cell lines with molecular, cellular and electrophysiological properties resembling those of primary atrial myocytes. Multicellular in vitro models of AF generated using the immortalized atrial myocytes displayed fibrillatory activity (with activation frequencies of 6-8 Hz, consistent with the clinical manifestation of AF), which could be terminated by the administration of clinically approved antiarrhythmic drugs. The conditional cell-immortalization method could be used to generate functional cell lines from other human parenchymal cells, for the development of in vitro models of human disease.
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11
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Bengel P, Dybkova N, Tirilomis P, Ahmad S, Hartmann N, A Mohamed B, Krekeler MC, Maurer W, Pabel S, Trum M, Mustroph J, Gummert J, Milting H, Wagner S, Ljubojevic-Holzer S, Toischer K, Maier LS, Hasenfuss G, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Sossalla S. Detrimental proarrhythmogenic interaction of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and Na(V)1.8 in heart failure. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6586. [PMID: 34782600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An interplay between Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδc (CaMKIIδc) and late Na+ current (INaL) is known to induce arrhythmias in the failing heart. Here, we elucidate the role of the sodium channel isoform NaV1.8 for CaMKIIδc-dependent proarrhythmia. In a CRISPR-Cas9-generated human iPSC-cardiomyocyte homozygous knock-out of NaV1.8, we demonstrate that NaV1.8 contributes to INaL formation. In addition, we reveal a direct interaction between NaV1.8 and CaMKIIδc in cardiomyocytes isolated from patients with heart failure (HF). Using specific blockers of NaV1.8 and CaMKIIδc, we show that NaV1.8-driven INaL is CaMKIIδc-dependent and that NaV1.8-inhibtion reduces diastolic SR-Ca2+ leak in human failing cardiomyocytes. Moreover, increased mortality of CaMKIIδc-overexpressing HF mice is reduced when a NaV1.8 knock-out is introduced. Cellular and in vivo experiments reveal reduced ventricular arrhythmias without changes in HF progression. Our work therefore identifies a proarrhythmic CaMKIIδc downstream target which may constitute a prognostic and antiarrhythmic strategy.
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12
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Qi B, Dai S, Song Y, Shen D, Li F, Wei L, Zhang C, Nie Z, Lin J, Cai L, Ge J. Blockade of Na V1.8 Increases the Susceptibility to Ventricular Arrhythmias During Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:708279. [PMID: 34409080 PMCID: PMC8365037 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.708279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SCN10A/NaV1.8 may be associated with a lower risk of ventricular fibrillation in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but if and by which mechanism NaV1.8 impacts on ventricular electrophysiology is still a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the contribution of NaV1.8 in ganglionated plexi (GP) to ventricular arrhythmias in the AMI model. Twenty beagles were randomized to either the A-803467 group (n = 10) or the control group (n = 10). NaV1.8 blocker (A-803467, 1 μmol/0.5 mL per GP) or DMSO (0.5 mL per GP) was injected into four major GPs. Ventricular effective refractory period, APD90, ventricular fibrillation threshold, and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias were measured 1 h after left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. A-803467 significantly shortened ventricular effective refractory period, APD90, and ventricular fibrillation threshold compared to control. In the A-803467 group, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was significantly higher compared to control. A-803467 suppressed the slowing of heart rate response to high-frequency electrical stimulation of the anterior right GP, suggesting that A-803467 could inhibit GP activity. SCN10A/NaV1.8 was readily detected in GPs, but was not validated in ventricles by quantitative RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. While SCN10A/NaV1.8 is detectible in canine GPs but not in ventricles, blockade of NaV1.8 in GP increases the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in AMI hearts. Our study shows for the first time an influence of SCN10A/NaV1.8 on the regulation of ventricular arrhythmogenesis via modulating GP activity in the AMI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimo Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongli Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanfang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenning Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxiong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lidong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Lozano-velasco E, Aranega A, Franco D. Non-Coding RNAs in the Cardiac Action Potential and Their Impact on Arrhythmogenic Cardiac Diseases. Hearts 2021; 2:307-30. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts2030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are prevalent among humans across all age ranges, affecting millions of people worldwide. While cardiac arrhythmias vary widely in their clinical presentation, they possess shared complex electrophysiologic properties at cellular level that have not been fully studied. Over the last decade, our current understanding of the functional roles of non-coding RNAs have progressively increased. microRNAs represent the most studied type of small ncRNAs and it has been demonstrated that miRNAs play essential roles in multiple biological contexts, including normal development and diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the functional contribution of non-coding RNAs, primarily microRNAs, to the normal configuration of the cardiac action potential, as well as their association to distinct types of arrhythmogenic cardiac diseases.
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14
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Tomsits P, Clauss S, Kääb S. Genetic insight into sick sinus syndrome. Is there a pill for it or how far are we on the translational road to personalized medicine? Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1972-1975. [PMID: 33860310 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Tomsits
- University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 27, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Clauss
- University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 27, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Department of Medicine I, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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15
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Man JCK, Bosada FM, Scholman KT, Offerhaus JA, Walsh R, van Duijvenboden K, van Eif VWW, Bezzina CR, Verkerk AO, Boukens BJ, Barnett P, Christoffels VM. Variant Intronic Enhancer Controls SCN10A-short Expression and Heart Conduction. Circulation 2021; 144:229-242. [PMID: 33910361 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants in SCN10A, encoding the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.8, are strongly associated with atrial fibrillation, Brugada syndrome, cardiac conduction velocities, and heart rate. The cardiac function of SCN10A has not been resolved, however, and diverging mechanisms have been proposed. Here, we investigated the cardiac expression of SCN10A and the function of a variant-sensitive intronic enhancer previously linked to the regulation of SCN5A, encoding the major essential cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5. METHODS The expression of SCN10A was investigated in mouse and human hearts. With the use of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, the mouse intronic enhancer was disrupted, and mutant mice were characterized by transcriptomic and electrophysiological analyses. The association of genetic variants at SCN5A-SCN10A enhancer regions and gene expression were evaluated by genome-wide association studies single-nucleotide polymorphism mapping and expression quantitative trait loci analysis. RESULTS We found that cardiomyocytes of the atria, sinoatrial node, and ventricular conduction system express a short transcript comprising the last 7 exons of the gene (Scn10a-short). Transcription occurs from an intronic enhancer-promoter complex, whereas full-length Scn10a transcript was undetectable in the human and mouse heart. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis revealed that the genetic variants in linkage disequilibrium with genetic variant rs6801957 in the intronic enhancer associate with SCN10A transcript levels in the heart. Genetic modification of the enhancer in the mouse genome led to reduced cardiac Scn10a-short expression in atria and ventricles, reduced cardiac sodium current in atrial cardiomyocytes, atrial conduction slowing and arrhythmia, whereas the expression of Scn5a, the presumed enhancer target gene, remained unaffected. In patch-clamp transfection experiments, expression of Scn10a-short-encoded NaV1.8-short increased NaV1.5-mediated sodium current. We propose that noncoding genetic variation modulates transcriptional regulation of Scn10a-short in cardiomyocytes that impacts NaV1.5-mediated sodium current and heart rhythm. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants in and around SCN10A modulate enhancer function and expression of a cardiac-specific SCN10A-short transcript. We propose that noncoding genetic variation modulates transcriptional regulation of a functional C-terminal portion of NaV1.8 in cardiomyocytes that impacts on NaV1.5 function, cardiac conduction velocities, and arrhythmia susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C K Man
- Department of Medical Biology (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Fernanda M Bosada
- Department of Medical Biology (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Koen T Scholman
- Department of Medical Biology (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Joost A Offerhaus
- Department of Experimental Cardiology (J.A.O., R.W., C.R.B., A.O.V., B.J.B.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Roddy Walsh
- Department of Experimental Cardiology (J.A.O., R.W., C.R.B., A.O.V., B.J.B.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Karel van Duijvenboden
- Department of Medical Biology (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W W van Eif
- Department of Medical Biology (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Department of Experimental Cardiology (J.A.O., R.W., C.R.B., A.O.V., B.J.B.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Cardiology (J.A.O., R.W., C.R.B., A.O.V., B.J.B.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Cardiology (J.A.O., R.W., C.R.B., A.O.V., B.J.B.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Phil Barnett
- Department of Medical Biology (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (J.C.K.M., F.M.B., K.T.S., K.v.D., V.W.W.v.E., A.O.V., B.J.B., P.B., V.M.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands
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16
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Kabakov AY, Sengun E, Lu Y, Roder K, Bronk P, Baggett B, Turan NN, Moshal KS, Koren G. Three-Week-Old Rabbit Ventricular Cardiomyocytes as a Novel System to Study Cardiac Excitation and EC Coupling. Front Physiol 2021; 12:672360. [PMID: 34867432 PMCID: PMC8637404 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.672360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias significantly contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The rabbit heart serves as an accepted model system for studying cardiac cell excitation and arrhythmogenicity. Accordingly, primary cultures of adult rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes serve as a preferable model to study molecular mechanisms of human cardiac excitation. However, the use of adult rabbit cardiomyocytes is often regarded as excessively costly. Therefore, we developed and characterized a novel low-cost rabbit cardiomyocyte model, namely, 3-week-old ventricular cardiomyocytes (3wRbCMs). Ventricular myocytes were isolated from whole ventricles of 3-week-old New Zealand White rabbits of both sexes by standard enzymatic techniques. Using wheat germ agglutinin, we found a clear T-tubule structure in acutely isolated 3wRbCMs. Cells were adenovirally infected (multiplicity of infection of 10) to express Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and cultured for 48 h. The cells showed action potential duration (APD90 = 253 ± 24 ms) and calcium transients similar to adult rabbit cardiomyocytes. Freshly isolated and 48-h-old-cultured cells expressed critical ion channel proteins: calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (Cavα1c), sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 (Nav1.5), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 (Kv4.3), and subfamily A member 4 (Kv1.4), and also subfamily H member 2 (RERG. Kv11.1), KvLQT1 (K7.1) protein and inward-rectifier potassium channel (Kir2.1). The cells displayed an appropriate electrophysiological phenotype, including fast sodium current (I Na), transient outward potassium current (I to), L-type calcium channel peak current (I Ca,L), rapid and slow components of the delayed rectifier potassium current (I Kr and I Ks), and inward rectifier (I K1). Although expression of the channel proteins and some currents decreased during the 48 h of culturing, we conclude that 3wRbCMs are a new, low-cost alternative to the adult-rabbit-cardiomyocytes system, which allows the investigation of molecular mechanisms of cardiac excitation on morphological, biochemical, genetic, physiological, and biophysical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Y Kabakov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Elif Sengun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yichun Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Karim Roder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Peter Bronk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Brett Baggett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Nilüfer N Turan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Karni S Moshal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Gideon Koren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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17
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Pérez-Agustín A, Pinsach-Abuin M, Pagans S. Role of Non-Coding Variants in Brugada Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228556. [PMID: 33202810 PMCID: PMC7698069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited electrical heart disease associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). The genetic characterization of BrS has always been challenging. Although several cardiac ion channel genes have been associated with BrS, SCN5A is the only gene that presents definitive evidence for causality to be used for clinical diagnosis of BrS. However, more than 65% of diagnosed cases cannot be explained by variants in SCN5A or other genes. Therefore, in an important number of BrS cases, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Common variants, mostly located in non-coding regions, have emerged as potential modulators of the disease by affecting different regulatory mechanisms, including transcription factors (TFs), three-dimensional organization of the genome, or non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These common variants have been hypothesized to modulate the interindividual susceptibility of the disease, which could explain incomplete penetrance of BrS observed within families. Altogether, the study of both common and rare variants in parallel is becoming increasingly important to better understand the genetic basis underlying BrS. In this review, we aim to describe the challenges of studying non-coding variants associated with disease, re-examine the studies that have linked non-coding variants with BrS, and provide further evidence for the relevance of regulatory elements in understanding this cardiac disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Pérez-Agustín
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain;
| | | | - Sara Pagans
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Varró A, Tomek J, Nagy N, Virág L, Passini E, Rodriguez B, Baczkó I. Cardiac transmembrane ion channels and action potentials: cellular physiology and arrhythmogenic behavior. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:1083-1176. [PMID: 33118864 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of mortality. They often arise from alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells and their underlying ionic mechanisms. It is therefore critical to further unravel the pathophysiology of the ionic basis of human cardiac electrophysiology in health and disease. In the first part of this review, current knowledge on the differences in ion channel expression and properties of the ionic processes that determine the morphology and properties of cardiac action potentials and calcium dynamics from cardiomyocytes in different regions of the heart are described. Then the cellular mechanisms promoting arrhythmias in congenital or acquired conditions of ion channel function (electrical remodeling) are discussed. The focus is on human-relevant findings obtained with clinical, experimental, and computational studies, given that interspecies differences make the extrapolation from animal experiments to human clinical settings difficult. Deepening the understanding of the diverse pathophysiology of human cellular electrophysiology will help in developing novel and effective antiarrhythmic strategies for specific subpopulations and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jakub Tomek
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Virág
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elisa Passini
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Liu B, Li N, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhang M, Hong Y, Wu W, Zhang X, Duan G. The Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel 1.8 in the Effect of Atropine on Heart Rate: Evidence From a Retrospective Clinical Study and Mouse Model. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1163. [PMID: 32848771 PMCID: PMC7412993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atropine is commonly used to counter the effects of the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine on heart rate in clinical practice, such as in the perioperative period; however, individual differences in the response to atropine are huge. The association between SCN10A/voltage-gated sodium channel 1.8 (NaV1.8) and cardiac conduction has been demonstrated; however, the exact role of SCN10A/NaV1.8 in the heart rate response to atropine remains unclear. To identify the role of SCN10A variants that influence the heart rate responses to atropine, we carried out a retrospective study in 1,005 Han Chinese subjects. Our results showed that rs6795970 was associated with the heart rate response to atropine. The heart rate responses to atropine and methoctramine in NaV1.8 knockout mice were lower, whereas the heart rate response to isoproterenol was like those in wild type mice. Furthermore, we observed that the NaV1.8 blocker A-803467 alleviated the heart rate response to atropine in wild type mice. The retrospective study revealed a previously unknown role of NaV1.8 in controlling the heart rate response to atropine, as shown by the animal study, a speculative mechanism that may involve the cardiac muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yishun Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xianwei Zhang, ; Guangyou Duan,
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xianwei Zhang, ; Guangyou Duan,
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja E Odening
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I and Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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