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Liu X, Chan VSF, Smith KGC, Ming C, Or CS, Tsui FTW, Gao B, Cook MC, Liu P, Lau CS, Li PH. Recapitulating primary immunodeficiencies with expanded potential stem cells: Proof of concept with STAT1 gain of function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1125-1139. [PMID: 38072195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.11.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) often lack specific disease models and personalized management. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1 gain of function (GoF) is such example of an IEI with diverse clinical phenotype with unclear pathomechanisms and unpredictable response to therapy. Limitations in obtaining fresh samples for functional testing and research further highlights the need for patient-specific ex vivo platforms. OBJECTIVE Using STAT1-GoF as an example IEI, we investigated the potential of patient-derived expanded potential stem cells (EPSC) as an ex vivo platform for disease modeling and personalized treatment. METHODS We generated EPSC derived from individual STAT1-GoF patients. STAT1 mutations were confirmed with Sanger sequencing. Functional testing including STAT1 phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and gene expression with or without Janus activating kinase inhibitors were performed. Functional tests were repeated on EPSC lines with GoF mutations repaired by CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) editing. RESULTS EPSC were successfully reprogrammed from STAT1-GoF patients and expressed the same pluripotent makers as controls, with distinct morphologic differences. Patient-derived EPSC recapitulated the functional abnormalities of index STAT1-GoF patients with STAT1 hyperphosphorylation and increased expression of STAT1 and its downstream genes (IRF1, APOL6, and OAS1) after IFN-γ stimulation. Addition of ruxolitinib and baricitinib inhibited STAT1 hyperactivation in STAT1-GoF EPSC in a dose-dependent manner, which was not observed with tofacitinib. Corrected STAT1 phosphorylation and downstream gene expression were observed among repaired STAT1-GoF EPSC cell lines. CONCLUSION This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of our patient-derived EPSC platform to model STAT1-GoF. We propose this platform when researching, recapitulating, and repairing other IEI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Liu
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vera S F Chan
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chang Ming
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chung Sze Or
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Faria T W Tsui
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Matthew C Cook
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pentao Liu
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chak Sing Lau
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Philip Hei Li
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Chen M, Wang S. Preclinical development and clinical studies of targeted JAK/STAT combined Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111717. [PMID: 38387193 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) binds to its ligand to help tumours evade the immune system and promote tumour progression. Although anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies show powerful effects in some patients, most patients are unable to benefit from this treatment due to treatment resistance. Therefore, it is important to overcome tumour resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. There is substantial evidence suggesting that the JAK/STAT signalling pathway plays a significant role in PD-1/PD-L1 expression and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Herein, we describe the effects of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway on PD-1/PD-L1. Subsequently, the relationship between molecular mutations in the JAK/STAT signalling pathway and immune resistance was analysed. Finally, the latest advancements in drugs targeting the JAK/STAT pathway combined with PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Siliang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Bucciol G, Delafontaine S, Meyts I, Poli C. Inborn errors of immunity: A field without frontiers. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:15-27. [PMID: 38062988 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The study of primary immunodeficiencies or inborn errors of immunity continues to drive our knowledge of the function of the human immune system. From the outset, the study of inborn errors has focused on unraveling genetic etiologies and molecular mechanisms. Aided by the continuous growth in genetic diagnostics, the field has moved from the study of an infection dominated phenotype to embrace and unravel diverse manifestations of autoinflammation, autoimmunity, malignancy, and severe allergy in all medical disciplines. It has now moved from the study of ultrarare presentations to producing meaningful impact in conditions as diverse as inflammatory bowel disease, neurological conditions, and hematology. Beyond offering immunogenetic diagnosis, the study of underlying inborn errors of immunity in these conditions points to targeted treatment which can be lifesaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Bucciol
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Selket Delafontaine
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Poli
- Facultad de Medicina Universidad del Desarrollo-Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
- Unidad de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
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Fayyaz H, Zaman A, Shabbir S, Khan ZK, Haider N, Saleem AF, Ahamad W, Ullah I. Mutational analysis in different genes underlying severe combined immunodeficiency in seven consanguineous Pakistani families. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:302. [PMID: 38355773 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of immunity (IEI) characterized by recurrent chest and gastrointestinal (GI) infections and in some cases associated with life-threatening disorders. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS This current study aims to unwind the molecular etiology of SCID and also extended the patients' phenotype associated with identified particular variants. Herein, we present 06 disease-causing variants identified in 07 SCID-patients in three different SCID related genes. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) followed by Sanger Sequencing was employed to explore genetic variations. The results included identification of two previously reported heterozygous variants in homozygous form for the first time in RAG1gene [(p.Arg410Gln);(p.Arg737His)], followed by a recurrent variant (p.Trp959*) in RAG1, a novel variant in IL2RG (p.Asp48Lfs*24), a recurrent variant in IL2RG (p.Gly271Glu) and a recurrent variant in DCLRE1C (p.Arg191*) gene. CONCLUSION To conclude, the immune-profiling and WES revealed two novel, two as homozygous state for the first time, and two recurrent disease causing variants contributing valuably to our existing knowledge of SCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Fayyaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Atteaya Zaman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal Medical & Dental College, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheeba Shabbir
- Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, School of Health Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zara Khalid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, HBS Medical & Dental College, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Haider
- Department of Pediatrics, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Faisal Saleem
- Department of Paediatrics & Paediatrics Infections Disease, Agha Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahamad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Lucas CL. Human genetic errors of immunity illuminate an adaptive arsenal model of rapid defenses. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:113-126. [PMID: 38302340 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
New discoveries in the field of human monogenic immune diseases highlight critical genes and pathways governing immune responses. Here, I describe how the ~500 currently defined human inborn errors of immunity help shape what I propose is an 'adaptive arsenal model of rapid defenses', emphasizing the set of immunological defenses poised for rapid responses in the natural environment. This arsenal blurs the lines between innate and adaptive immunity and is established through molecular relays between cell types, often traversing from sensors (pathogen detection) to intermediates to executioners (pathogen clearance) via soluble factors. Predictions and missing information based on the adaptive arsenal model are discussed, as are emergent and outstanding questions fundamental to advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Liu J, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Chen JL, Diao H. C6 Ceramide Inhibits Canine Mammary Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Targeting EGR3 through JAK1/STAT3 Signaling. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:422. [PMID: 38338065 PMCID: PMC10854580 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in both humans and companion animals. Canine mammary tumor is an important disease with a high incidence and metastasis rate, and its poor prognosis remains a serious clinical challenge. C6 ceramide is a short-chain sphingolipid metabolite with powerful potential as a tumor suppressor. However, the specific impact of C6 ceramide on canine mammary cancer remains unclear. However, the effects of C6 ceramide in canine mammary cancer are still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of C6 ceramide in the progress of canine mammary cancer and explored its potential mechanism. C6 ceramide inhibited cell growth by regulating the cell cycle without involving apoptosis. Additionally, C6 ceramide inhibited the migration and invasion of CHMp cells. In vivo, C6 ceramide decreased tumor growth and metastasis in the lungs without side effects. Further investigation found that the knockdown of EGR3 expression led to a noticeable increase in proliferation and migration by upregulating the expressions of pJAK1 and pSTAT3, thus activating the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. In conclusion, C6 ceramide inhibits canine mammary cancer growth and metastasis by targeting EGR3 through the regulation of the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. This study implicates the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor activity of C6 ceramide and demonstrates the potential of EGR3 as a novel target for treating canine mammary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of Fujian-Nepal, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Fangying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yan Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of Fujian-Nepal, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Zhaoyan Lin
- Key Lab for Integrated Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of Fujian-Nepal, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Hongxiu Diao
- Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of Fujian-Nepal, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.-L.C.)
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Zhao R, Hu Z, Zhang X, Huang S, Yu G, Wu Z, Yu W, Lu J, Ruan B. The oncogenic mechanisms of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in digestive tract tumors. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:68. [PMID: 38273295 PMCID: PMC10809652 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Digestive tract tumors are heterogeneous and involve the dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway plays a notable role in the oncogenesis of digestive tract tumors. Typically activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, it regulates important biological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immune responses, and inflammation. The aberrant activation of this pathway manifests in different forms, including mutations in JAKs, overexpression of cytokine receptors, and sustained STAT activation, and contributes to promoting the malignant characteristics of cancer cells, including uncontrolled proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, enhanced invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, acquisition of stem-like properties, and drug resistance. Numerous studies have shown that aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway is closely related to the development and progression of digestive tract tumors, contributing to tumor survival, angiogenesis, changes in the tumor microenvironment, and even immune escape processes. In addition, this signaling pathway also affects the sensitivity of digestive tract tumors to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively understand the oncogenic mechanisms underlying the JAK-STAT pathway in order to develop effective therapeutic strategies against digestive tract tumors. Currently, several JAK-STAT inhibitors are undergoing clinical and preclinical trials as potential treatments for various human diseases. However, further investigation is required to determine the role of this pathway, as well as the effectiveness and safety of its inhibitors, especially in the context of digestive tract tumors. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure, classic activation, and negative regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Furthermore, we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of JAK-STAT signaling in different digestive tract tumors, with the aim of identifying potential novel therapeutic targets. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Zhangmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Guodong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Bing Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
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Hargarten JC, Ssebambulidde K, Anjum SH, Vaughan MJ, Xu J, Song B, Ganguly A, Park YD, Scott T, Hammoud DA, Olszewski MA, Williamson PR. JAK/STAT Signaling Predominates in Human and Murine Fungal Post-infectious Inflammatory Response Syndrome. medRxiv 2024:2024.01.18.24301483. [PMID: 38293201 PMCID: PMC10827263 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.24301483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Post-infection inflammatory syndromes have been increasingly recognized as a cause of host damage in a variety of infectious diseases including tuberculosis, bacterial meningitis, and COVID-19. Recently, a post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome (PIIRS) was described in non-HIV-infected cryptococcal fungal meningoencephalitis (CM) as a major cause of mortality. Inflammatory syndromes are particularly severe in neurological infections due to the skull's rigid structure which limits unchecked tissue expansion from inflammatory-induced edema. In the present studies, neurologic transcriptional pathway analysis utilizing a murine PIIRS model demonstrated a predominance of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) activation. JAK/STAT inhibitor treatment resulted in improvements in CNS damage markers, reductions in intrathecal CD44hiCD62lo CD4+ effector CD4+ T-cells and MHC II+ inflammatory myeloid cells, and weight gains in mice, the latter after treatment with antifungals. Based on these data, pathway-driven steroid-sparing human treatment for steroid-refractory PIIRS was initiated using short courses of the JAK/STAT inhibitor ruxolitinib. These were well tolerated and reduced activated HLA-DR+ CD4+ and CD8+ cells and inflammatory monocytes as well as improved brain imaging. Together, these findings support the role of JAK/STAT in PIIRS as well as further study of JAK/STAT inhibitors as potential adjunctive therapy for PIRS and other neural inflammatory syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Hargarten
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Ssebambulidde
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Seher H. Anjum
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Malcolm J. Vaughan
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jintao Xu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Research Service, Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian Song
- Research Service, Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anutosh Ganguly
- Research Service, Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yoon-dong Park
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Terri Scott
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dima A. Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging (CIDI), Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michal A. Olszewski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Research Service, Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter R. Williamson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Hadžić N, Deheragoda M, Worth A, Bansal S, Samyn M, Kusters M. JAK Inhibition in STAT1 Gain-of-Function-Mediated Treatment-Resistant Autoimmune Hepatitis. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:284-286. [PMID: 38231631 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2311867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Austen Worth
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Liu Z, Song Y, Hu R, Geng Y, Huang Y, Li F, Ma W, Dong H, Song K, Ding J, Xu X, Wu X, Zhang M, Zhong Z. Bushen Antai recipe ameliorates immune microenvironment and maternal-fetal vascularization in STAT3-deficient abortion-prone mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:116889. [PMID: 37423519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Spontaneous abortion (SA) is an intricate disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Previous studies have confirmed the indispensable role of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 in normal pregnancy. Bushen Antai recipe (BAR) is a satisfactory formula commonly used in practice, based on the rationale of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for SA. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study explores the potential therapeutic effects and mechanistic insights of BAR in STAT3-deficient abortion-prone mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A STAT3-deficient abortion-prone mouse model was developed using intraperitoneal injection of stattic from embryo day (ED) 5.5 to ED9.5 among pregnant females (C57BL/6). We separately administered BAR1 (5.7 g/kg), BAR2 (11.4 g/kg), progesterone (P4), or distilled water at 10 ml/kg/day from ED0.5 until ED10.5. The embryo resorption rate and placenta-uterus structure were observed on ED10.5. The systemic immune status was examined by analyzing the frequency of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), the ratio of two macrophage (M) subtypes, and the protein expression of associated molecules. Morphological observation, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were used to evaluate the vascularization conditions at the maternal-fetal interface. RESULTS BAR1, BAR2, or P4 treatment exerted remarkable effects in alleviating embryo resorption rate and disordered placental-uterus structure in STAT3-deficient abortion-prone mice. Western blotting indicated the deficiency of phosphorylated STAT3 and two prime target molecules, PR and HIF-1α, at the maternal-fetal interface under STAT3 inhibition. Simultaneously, BAR2 treatment significantly upregulated their expression levels. The systemic immune environment was disrupted, indicated by the reduced serum cytokine concentrations, MDSCs frequency, M2/M1 ratio, and the expression of immunomodulatory factors. Nonetheless, BAR2 or P4 treatment revived the immune tolerance for semi-allogenic embryos by enhancing the immune cells and factors. Besides, the western blot and immunohistochemistry results revealed that BAR2 or P4 treatment upregulated VEGFA/FGF2 and activated ERK/AKT phosphorylation. Therefore, BAR2 or P4 facilitated vascularization at the maternal-fetal interface in STAT3-deficient abortion-prone mice. CONCLUSIONS BAR sustained pregnancy by reviving the systemic immune environment and promoting angiogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface in STAT3-deficient abortion-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yufan Song
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Runan Hu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yuli Geng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yanjing Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wenwen Ma
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Haoxu Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kunkun Song
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jiahui Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Xiaohu Xu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiao Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhiyan Zhong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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11
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Thomas S, Krishnan A. JA(c)K-in-the-platelet and M(i)PL fetch PF4. Blood 2024; 143:7-9. [PMID: 38175681 PMCID: PMC10797533 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
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12
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Guo S, Tong W, Qi Y, Jiang M, Li P, Zhang Z, Hu Q, Song Z, Ding B. Effects of Dietary Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Supplementation on the Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation, Immunity, and Ileal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Challenged by Coccidia and Clostridium perfringens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3864. [PMID: 38136901 PMCID: PMC10740854 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the intestinal stem cell proliferation, immunity, and ileal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged by coccidia and Clostridium perfringens. A total of 336 one-day-old Ross 308 chickens were randomly assigned into four groups. Chickens in the control (CTR) group were fed basal diet, and chickens in the three challenged groups were fed basal diets supplemented with nothing (CCP group), 1.0 × 109 CFU/kg L. fermentum (LF_CCP group), and 1.0 × 109 CFU/kg L. paracasei (LP_CCP group), respectively. All challenged birds were infected with coccildia on day 9 and Clostridium perfringens during days 13-18. The serum and intestinal samples were collected on days 13 and 19. The results showed that L. fermentum significantly increased jejunal gene expression of cdxB (one of the intestinal stem cell marker genes) on day 13. Additionally, L. fermentum significantly up-regulated mRNA levels of JAK3 and TYK2 and tended to increase STAT6 mRNA expression in jejunum on day 19. In the cecal tonsil, both L. fermentum and L. paracasei decreased mRNA expression of JAK2 on day 13, and L. fermentum down-regulated JAK1-2, STAT1, and STAT5-6 gene expressions on day 19. Ileal microbiological analysis showed that coccidial infection increased the Escherichia-Shigella, Lactobacillus, and Romboutsia abundance and decreased Candidatus_Arthromitus richness on day 13, which were reversed by Lactobacillus intervention. Moreover, Lactobacilli increased ileal Lactobacillus richness on day 19. In conclusion, Lactobacilli alleviated the impairment of intestinal stem cell proliferation and immunity in coccidia- and C. perfringens-challenged birds via modulating JAK/STAT signaling and reshaping intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wenfei Tong
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ya Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Meihan Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Peng Li
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhengfan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qunbing Hu
- Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437099, China;
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zhuan Song
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Binying Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural by-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (S.G.); (W.T.); (Y.Q.); (M.J.); (P.L.); (Z.Z.)
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13
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Rodríguez-Ubreva J, Calvillo CL, Forbes Satter LR, Ballestar E. Interplay between epigenetic and genetic alterations in inborn errors of immunity. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:902-916. [PMID: 37813732 PMCID: PMC10615875 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) comprise a variety of immune conditions leading to infections, autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. Some IEIs have no identified mutation(s), while others with identical mutations can display heterogeneous presentations. These observations suggest the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic alterations can arise from downstream activation of cellular pathways through both extracellular stimulation and genetic-associated changes, impacting epigenetic enzymes or their interactors. Therefore, we posit that epigenetic alterations and genetic defects do not exclude each other as a disease-causing etiology. In this opinion, encompassing both basic and clinical viewpoints, we focus on selected IEIs with mutations in transcription factors that interact with epigenetic enzymes. The intricate interplay between these factors offers insights into genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in IEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Ubreva
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia L Calvillo
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa R Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; William T. Shearer Texas Children's Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Epigenetics in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Health Science Center (HSC), East China Normal University (ECNU), Shanghai, China.
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14
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Faris A, Cacciatore I, Ibrahim IM, Al Mughram MH, Hadni H, Tabti K, Elhallaoui M. In silico computational drug discovery: a Monte Carlo approach for developing a novel JAK3 inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37861428 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2270709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3), a member of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases, remains an essential area of research for developing treatments for autoimmune diseases, particularly cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. The recent discovery of a new JAK3 protein, PDB ID: 4Z16, offers exciting possibilities for developing inhibitors capable of forming a covalent bond with the Cys909 residue, thereby contributing to JAK3 inhibition. A powerful prediction model was constructed and validated using Monte Carlo methods, employing various internal and external techniques. This approach resulted in the prediction of eleven new molecules, which were subsequently filtered to identify six compounds exhibiting potent pIC50 values. These candidates were then subjected to ADMET analysis, molecular docking (including reversible-reversible docking with tofacitinib, an FDA-approved drug, and reversible-irreversible docking for the newly designed compounds), molecular dynamics (MD) analysis for 300 ns, and calculation of free binding energy. The results suggested that these compounds hold promise as JAK3 inhibitors. In summary, the new compounds have exhibited favorable outcomes compared to other compounds across various modeling approaches. The collective findings from these investigations provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic applications of covalent JAK3 inhibitors, offering a promising direction for the development of novel treatments for autoimmune disorders.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoujoud Faris
- LIMAS, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Al Mughram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanine Hadni
- LIMAS, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Kamal Tabti
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Science, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Menana Elhallaoui
- LIMAS, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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15
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Rodriguez Moncivais OJ, Chavez SA, Estrada Jimenez VH, Sun S, Li L, Kirken RA, Rodriguez G. Structural Analysis of Janus Tyrosine Kinase Variants in Hematological Malignancies: Implications for Drug Development and Opportunities for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14573. [PMID: 37834019 PMCID: PMC10572942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) variants are known drivers for hematological disorders. With the full-length structure of mouse JAK1 being recently resolved, new observations on the localization of variants within closed, open, and dimerized JAK structures are possible. Full-length homology models of human wild-type JAK family members were developed using the Glassman et al. reported mouse JAK1 containing the V658F structure as a template. Many mutational sites related to proliferative hematological disorders reside in the JH2 pseudokinase domains facing the region important in dimerization of JAKs in both closed and open states. More than half of all JAK gain of function (GoF) variants are changes in polarity, while only 1.2% are associated with a change in charge. Within a JAK1-JAK3 homodimer model, IFNLR1 (PDB ID7T6F) and the IL-2 common gamma chain subunit (IL2Rγc) were aligned with the respective dimer implementing SWISS-MODEL coupled with ChimeraX. JAK3 variants were observed to encircle the catalytic site of the kinase domain, while mutations in the pseudokinase domain align along the JAK-JAK dimerization axis. FERM domains of JAK1 and JAK3 are identified as a hot spot for hematologic malignancies. Herein, we propose new allosteric surfaces for targeting hyperactive JAK dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar J. Rodriguez Moncivais
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Chavez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Victor H. Estrada Jimenez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Shengjie Sun
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Computational Sciences Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Computational Sciences Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Robert A. Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Georgialina Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79902, USA
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16
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Similuk M, Kuijpers T. Nature and nurture: understanding phenotypic variation in inborn errors of immunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1183142. [PMID: 37780853 PMCID: PMC10538643 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1183142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall disease burden of pediatric infection is high, with widely varying clinical outcomes including death. Among the most vulnerable children, those with inborn errors of immunity, reduced penetrance and variable expressivity are common but poorly understood. There are several genetic mechanisms that influence phenotypic variation in inborn errors of immunity, as well as a body of knowledge on environmental influences and specific pathogen triggers. Critically, recent advances are illuminating novel nuances for fundamental concepts on disease penetrance, as well as raising new areas of inquiry. The last few decades have seen the identification of almost 500 causes of inborn errors of immunity, as well as major advancements in our ability to characterize somatic events, the microbiome, and genotypes across large populations. The progress has not been linear, and yet, these developments have accumulated into an enhanced ability to diagnose and treat inborn errors of immunity, in some cases with precision therapy. Nonetheless, many questions remain regarding the genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic variation both within and among families. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated summary of key concepts in genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic variation within inborn errors of immunity, conceptualized as including dynamic, reciprocal interplay among factors unfolding across the key dimension of time. The associated findings, potential gaps, and implications for research are discussed in turn for each major influencing factor. The substantial challenge ahead will be to organize and integrate information in such a way that accommodates the heterogeneity within inborn errors of immunity to arrive at a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of how the immune system operates in health and disease. And, crucially, to translate this understanding into improved patient care for the millions at risk for serious infection and other immune-related morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Similuk
- Centralized Sequencing Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Taco Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Salybekov AA, Hassanpour M. Unveiling the Genetic Footprint: Exploring Somatic Mutations in Peripheral Arterial Disease Progression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2288. [PMID: 37626784 PMCID: PMC10452092 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial diseases (PADs) are complex cardiovascular conditions influenced by environmental factors and somatic mutations in multiple genes involved in hematopoiesis and inflammation. While traditional risk factors, such as smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension, have been extensively studied, the role of somatic mutations in PAD progression remains underexplored. The present article intends to provide a comprehensive commentary of the molecular mechanisms, genetic landscape, prognostic significance, and clinical implications of somatic mutations in PADs. The expansion of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) clones in the circulating blood, named clonal hematopoiesis (CH), leads to the infiltration of these clones into atherosclerotic plaques and the production of inflammatory cytokines, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including PADs. Furthermore, recent experimental evidence has demonstrated the involvement of somatically mutated TP53 genes with a high variant allele frequency (VAF) in PAD development and prognosis. This review delves into the relationship between CH and PADs, elucidating the prevalence, impact, and underlying mechanisms of this association. This understanding paves the way for novel therapeutic approaches targeting CHIP to promote tissue regeneration and improve outcomes in PAD patients. It emphasizes the need for further research to fully unravel the genetic footprint of the disease and highlights potential clinical implications. The findings presented in this article lay the foundation for personalized medicine approaches and open avenues for the development of targeted therapies based on somatic mutation profiling.
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18
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Rodriguez G, Martinez GS, Negrete OD, Sun S, Guo W, Xie Y, Li L, Xiao C, Ross JA, Kirken RA. JAK3 Y841 Autophosphorylation Is Critical for STAT5B Activation, Kinase Domain Stability and Dimer Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11928. [PMID: 37569303 PMCID: PMC10418363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus tyrosine kinase 3 (JAK3) is primarily expressed in immune cells and is needed for signaling by the common gamma chain (γc) family of cytokines. Abnormal JAK3 signal transduction can manifest as hematological disorders, e.g., leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and autoimmune disease states. While regulatory JAK3 phosphosites have been well studied, here a functional proteomics approach coupling a JAK3 autokinase assay to mass spectrometry revealed ten previously unreported autophosphorylation sites (Y105, Y190, Y238, Y399, Y633, Y637, Y738, Y762, Y824, and Y841). Of interest, Y841 was determined to be evolutionarily conserved across multiple species and JAK family members, suggesting a broader role for this residue. Phospho-substitution mutants confirmed that Y841 is also required for STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation. The homologous JAK1 residue Y894 elicited a similar response to mutagenesis, indicating the shared importance for this site in JAK family members. Phospho-specific Y841-JAK3 antibodies recognized activated kinase from various T-cell lines and transforming JAK3 mutants. Computational biophysics analysis linked Y841 phosphorylation to enhanced JAK3 JH1 domain stability across pH environments, as well as to facilitated complementary electrostatic JH1 dimer formation. Interestingly, Y841 is not limited to tyrosine kinases, suggesting it represents a conserved ubiquitous enzymatic function that may hold therapeutic potential across multiple kinase families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgialina Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - George Steven Martinez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Omar Daniel Negrete
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Shengjie Sun
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Wenhan Guo
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Yixin Xie
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Chuan Xiao
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Jeremy Aaron Ross
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Robert Arthur Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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19
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Soffritti I, Gravelsina S, D'Accolti M, Bini F, Mazziga E, Vilmane A, Rasa-Dzelzkaleja S, Nora-Krukle Z, Krumina A, Murovska M, Caselli E. Circulating miRNAs Expression in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10582. [PMID: 37445763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex multifactorial disease that causes increasing morbidity worldwide, and many individuals with ME/CFS symptoms remain undiagnosed due to the lack of diagnostic biomarkers. Its etiology is still unknown, but increasing evidence supports a role of herpesviruses (including HHV-6A and HHV-6B) as potential triggers. Interestingly, the infection by these viruses has been reported to impact the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNA sequences which have been suggested to be epigenetic factors modulating ME/CFS pathogenic mechanisms. Notably, the presence of circulating miRNAs in plasma has raised the possibility to use them as valuable biomarkers for distinguishing ME/CFS patients from healthy controls. Thus, this study aimed at determining the role of eight miRNAs, which were selected for their previous association with ME/CFS, as potential circulating biomarkers of the disease. Their presence was quantitatively evaluated in plasma from 40 ME/CFS patients and 20 healthy controls by specific Taqman assays, and the results showed that six out of the eight of the selected miRNAs were differently expressed in patients compared to controls; more specifically, five miRNAs were significantly upregulated (miR-127-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-150-5p, and miR-448), and one was downmodulated (miR-140-5p). MiRNA levels directly correlated with disease severity, whereas no significant correlations were observed with the plasma levels of seven pro-inflammatory cytokines or with the presence/load of HHV-6A/6B genome, as judged by specific PCR amplification. The results may open the way for further validation of miRNAs as new potential biomarkers in ME/CFS and increase the knowledge of the complex pathways involved in the ME/CFS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Soffritti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabine Gravelsina
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Maria D'Accolti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Bini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mazziga
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anda Vilmane
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Zaiga Nora-Krukle
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Angelika Krumina
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Modra Murovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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