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Zhang Y, Song Q, E S, Guan X, Zhang Z, Juan Z, Sun X, Liang Y. RNA-seq based transcriptomic map reveals multiple pathways of necroptosis in treating myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Gene 2024; 906:148217. [PMID: 38341002 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis has been shown to contribute to myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). This study aims to gain new insights into the signaling pathway of necroptosis in rat MIRI using RNA sequencing. MIRI was induced in male rats by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 120 min. RNA sequencing was performed to obtain mRNA profiles of MIRI group and MIRI group treated with necrostatin-1 (Nec-1,an inhibitor of necroptosis). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then identified. The DEGs were prominently enriched in the TNF-α signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor pathways. The majority of the results were associated with genes like Thumpd3,Egr2,Dot1l,Cyp1a1,Dbnl,which primarily regulate inflammatory response and apoptosis, particularly in myocardium. The above results suggested that Nec-1 might be involved in the regulation of necroptosis and the inflammatory response through the above-mentioned genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Qingbiao Song
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Sihan E
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xuehao Guan
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261035, China
| | - Zhaodong Juan
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yingxia Liang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Kang Y, Hepojoki J, Maldonado RS, Mito T, Terzioglu M, Manninen T, Kant R, Singh S, Othman A, Verma R, Uusimaa J, Wartiovaara K, Kareinen L, Zamboni N, Nyman TA, Paetau A, Kipar A, Vapalahti O, Suomalainen A. Ancestral allele of DNA polymerase gamma modifies antiviral tolerance. Nature 2024; 628:844-853. [PMID: 38570685 PMCID: PMC11041766 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical modulators of antiviral tolerance through the release of mitochondrial RNA and DNA (mtDNA and mtRNA) fragments into the cytoplasm after infection, activating virus sensors and type-I interferon (IFN-I) response1-4. The relevance of these mechanisms for mitochondrial diseases remains understudied. Here we investigated mitochondrial recessive ataxia syndrome (MIRAS), which is caused by a common European founder mutation in DNA polymerase gamma (POLG1)5. Patients homozygous for the MIRAS variant p.W748S show exceptionally variable ages of onset and symptoms5, indicating that unknown modifying factors contribute to disease manifestation. We report that the mtDNA replicase POLG1 has a role in antiviral defence mechanisms to double-stranded DNA and positive-strand RNA virus infections (HSV-1, TBEV and SARS-CoV-2), and its p.W748S variant dampens innate immune responses. Our patient and knock-in mouse data show that p.W748S compromises mtDNA replisome stability, causing mtDNA depletion, aggravated by virus infection. Low mtDNA and mtRNA release into the cytoplasm and a slow IFN response in MIRAS offer viruses an early replicative advantage, leading to an augmented pro-inflammatory response, a subacute loss of GABAergic neurons and liver inflammation and necrosis. A population databank of around 300,000 Finnish individuals6 demonstrates enrichment of immunodeficient traits in carriers of the POLG1 p.W748S mutation. Our evidence suggests that POLG1 defects compromise antiviral tolerance, triggering epilepsy and liver disease. The finding has important implications for the mitochondrial disease spectrum, including epilepsy, ataxia and parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Kang
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rocio Sartori Maldonado
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Takayuki Mito
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mügen Terzioglu
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Manninen
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sachin Singh
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alaa Othman
- Swiss Multi-Omics Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rohit Verma
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Unit of Child Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kirmo Wartiovaara
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUS Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Kareinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Food Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Swiss Multi-Omics Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tuula Anneli Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Paetau
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUS Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUS Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUS Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland.
- HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Molavinia S, Moosavi M, Hejazi S, Azadnasab R, Mansouri E, Khodayar MJ. Metformin alleviates sodium arsenite-induced hepatotoxicity and glucose intolerance in mice by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127299. [PMID: 37690370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) causes diabetes and hepatotoxicity. Metformin (MET), an oral hypoglycemic agent, has long been used in diabetes therapy. In addition, MET has been shown to have hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of MET on NaAsO2-induced hepatotoxicity and glucose intolerance in mice. METHODS Mice were divided into four groups: Groups I and II received distilled water and NaAsO2 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) for five weeks, respectively. Groups III and IV were treated with NaAsO2 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) for three weeks, followed by MET (125 and 250 mg/kg, p.o.) for the last two weeks before NaAsO2. A glucose tolerance test was performed on day 35. The serum and tissue parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS Histopathological examination revealed NaAsO2-induced liver and pancreatic damage. NaAsO2 caused hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and a significant increase in liver function enzymes. Administration of NaAsO2 significantly reduced hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total thiol levels and increased the content of reactive thiobarbituric acid substances. In addition, it led to an increase in liver nitric oxide levels and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor kappa B, and cysteine-aspartic proteases-3. In contrast, treatment with MET (250 mg/kg) significantly improved NaAsO2-induced biochemical and histopathological changes. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the significant effects of MET against NaAsO2-induced hepatotoxicity and glucose intolerance may be exerted via the regulation of oxidative stress, followed by suppression of inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Molavinia
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Moosavi
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sara Hejazi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Azadnasab
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and molecular research center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Atef MM, Abou Hashish NA, Hafez YM, Selim AF, Ibrahim HA, Eltabaa EF, Rizk FH, Shalaby AM, Ezzat N, Alabiad MA, Elshamy AM. The potential protective effect of liraglutide on valproic acid induced liver injury in rats: Targeting HMGB1/RAGE axis and RIPK3/MLKL mediated necroptosis. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1209-1219. [PMID: 37771193 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a commonly used drug for management of epilepsy. Prolonged VPA administration increases the risk of hepatotoxicity. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist that act as a novel antidiabetic drug with broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study tested the protective effect of liraglutide against VPA-induced hepatotoxicity elucidating the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Forty adult male rats were allocated in to four equally sized groups; Group I (control group) received oral distilled water and subcutaneous normal saline for 2 weeks followed by subcutaneous normal saline only for 2 weeks. Group II (liraglutide group) received subcutaneous liraglutide dissolved in normal saline daily for 4 weeks. Group III (valproic acid-treated group) received sodium valproate dissolved in distilled water for 2 weeks. Group IV (Combined valproic acid & liraglutide treated group) received valproic acid plus liraglutide daily for 2 weeks which was continued for additional 2 weeks after valproic acid administration. The hepatic index was calculated. Serum AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP activities were estimated. Hepatic tissue homogenate MDA, GSH, SOD, HMGB1, MAPK, RIPK1, and RIPK3 levels were evaluated using ELISA. However, hepatic RAGE and MLKL messenger RNA expression levels using the QRT-PCR technique. Hepatic NF-κB and TNF-α were detected immunohistochemically. Results proved that liraglutide coadministration significantly decreased liver enzymes, MDA, HMGB1, MAPK, RIPK1 RIPK3, RAGE, and MLKL with concomitant increased GSH and SOD in comparison to the correspondent values in VPA-hepatotoxicity group. Conclusions: Liraglutide's protective effects against VPA-induced hepatotoxicity are triggered by ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation, and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mohamed Atef
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Yasser Mostafa Hafez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fawzy Selim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman Fawzy Eltabaa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fatma H Rizk
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Nadia Ezzat
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amira M Elshamy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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5
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Gao S, Chen X, Yu Z, Du R, Chen B, Wang Y, Cai X, Xu J, Chen J, Duan H, Cai Y, Zheng G. Progress of research on the role of active ingredients of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium in liver injury. Phytomedicine 2023; 115:154836. [PMID: 37119760 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver is a vital organ responsible for metabolizing and detoxifying both endogenous and exogenous substances in the body. However, it is susceptible to damage from chemical and natural toxins. The high incidence and mortality rates of liver disease and its associated complications impose a significant economic burden and survival pressure on patients and their families. Various liver diseases exist, including cholestasis, viral and non-viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic liver injury, and severe end-stage liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA). Recent research has shown that flavonoids found in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) have the potential to normalize blood glucose, cholesterol levels, and liver lipid levels. Additionally, these flavonoids exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, prevent oxidation and lipid peroxidation, and reduce liver toxicity, thereby preventing liver injury. Given these promising findings, it is essential to explore the potential of active components in CRP for developing new drugs to treat liver diseases. OBJECTIVE Recent studies have revealed that flavonoids, including hesperidin (HD), hesperetin (HT), naringenin (NIN), nobiletin (NOB), naringin (NRG), tangerine (TN), and erodcyol (ED), are the primary bioactive components in CRP. These flavonoids exhibit various therapeutic effects on liver injury, including anti-oxidative stress, anti-cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis, and anti-tumor mechanisms. In this review, we have summarized the research progress on the hepatoprotective effects of HD, HT, NIN, NOB, NRG, TN, ED and limonene (LIM), highlighting their underlying molecular mechanisms. Despite their promising effects, the current clinical application of these active ingredients in CRP has some limitations. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the full potential of these flavonoids and develop new therapeutic strategies for liver diseases. METHODS For this review, we conducted a systematic search of three databases (ScienceNet, PubMed, and Science Direct) up to July 2022, using the search terms "CRP active ingredient," "liver injury," and "flavonoids." The search data followed the PRISMA standard. RESULTS Our findings indicate that flavonoids found in CRP can effectively reduce drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic liver injury, and non-alcoholic liver injury. These therapeutic effects are mainly attributed to the ability of flavonoids to improve liver resistance to oxidative stress and inflammation while normalizing cholesterol and liver lipid levels by exhibiting anti-free radical and anti-lipid peroxidation properties. CONCLUSION Our review provides new insights into the potential of active components in CRP for preventing and treating liver injury by regulating various molecular targets within different cell signaling pathways. This information can aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Rong Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Baizhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Guangdong Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiaoting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jiepei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Huiying Duan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Ezhilarasan D, Mani U. Valproic acid induced liver injury: An insight into molecular toxicological mechanism. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 95:103967. [PMID: 36058508 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is an anti-seizure drug that causes idiosyncratic liver injury. 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (Δ4VPA), a metabolite of VPA, has been implicated in VPA-induced hepatotoxicity. This review summarizes the pathogenesis involved in VPA-induced liver injury. The VPA induce liver injury mainly by i) liberation of Δ4VPA metabolites; ii) decrease in glutathione stores and antioxidants, resulting in oxidative stress; iii) inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation, inducing mitochondrial DNA depletion and hypermethylation; a decrease in proton leak; oxidative phosphorylation impairment and ATP synthesis decrease; iv) induction of fatty liver via inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, enhancing nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and acyl-CoA thioesterase 1, and inducing long-chain fatty acid uptake and triglyceride synthesis. VPA administration aggravates liver injury in individuals with metabolic syndromes. Therapeutic drug monitoring, routine serum levels of transaminases, ammonia, and lipid parameters during VPA therapy may thus be beneficial in improving the safety profile or preventing the progression of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
| | - Uthirappan Mani
- Animal House Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
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7
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Molaei S, Amiri F, Salimi R, Ferdowsi S, Bahadori M. Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium derived from suspension cultivation or silymarin on liver failure mice. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10315-10325. [PMID: 36097106 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common treatments of liver disease failed to meet all the needs in this important medical field. It results in an urgent need for proper some new adjuvant therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives are promising tools in this regard. We aimed to compare the Silymarin, as traditional treatment with mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (MSC-CM), as a novel strategy, both with therapeutic potentialities in term of liver failure (LF) treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice models with liver failure were induced with CCl4 and were treated in the groups as follows: normal mice receiving DMEM-LG medium as control, LF-mice receiving DMEM-LG medium as sham, LF-mice receiving Silymarin as LF-SM, and LF-mice receiving MSC sphere CM as LF-MSC-CM. Biochemical, histopathological, molecular and protein level parameters were evaluated using blood and liver samples. Liver enzymes, MicroRNA-122 values as well as necrotic score were significantly lower in the LF-SM and LF-MSC-CM groups compared to sham. LF-SM showed significantly higher level of total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde than that of LF-MSC-CM groups. Sph-MSC-CM not only induced more down-regulated expression of fibrinogen-like protein 1 and receptor interacting protein kinases1 but also led to higher expression level of keratinocyte growth factor. LF-MSC-CM showed less mortality rate compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS Hepato-protective potentialities of Sph-MSC-CM are comparable to those of Silymarin. More inhibition of necroptosis/ necrosis and inflammation might result in rapid liver repair in case of MSC-CM administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Molaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amiri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Salimi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shirin Ferdowsi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzie Bahadori
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Steele JW, Lin YL, Chen N, Wlodarczyk BJ, Chen Q, Attarwala N, Venkatesalu M, Cabrera RM, Gross SS, Finnell RH. Embryonic Hypotaurine Levels Contribute to Strain-Dependent Susceptibility in Mouse Models of Valproate-Induced Neural Tube Defects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:832492. [PMID: 35265619 PMCID: PMC8898900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.832492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA, valproate, Depakote) is a commonly used anti-seizure medication (ASM) in the treatment of epilepsy and a variety of other neurological disorders. While VPA and other ASMs are efficacious for management of seizures, they also increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including neural tube defects (NTDs). Thus, the utility of these drugs during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential presents a continuing public health challenge. Elucidating the underlying genetic or metabolic risk factors for VPA-affected pregnancies may lead to development of non-teratogenic ASMs, novel prevention strategies, or more targeted methods for managing epileptic pregnancies. To address this challenge, we performed unbiased, whole embryo metabolomic screening of E8.5 mouse embryos from two inbred strains with differential susceptibility to VPA-induced NTDs. We identified metabolites of differential abundance between the two strains, both in response to VPA exposure and in the vehicle controls. Notable enriched pathways included lipid metabolism, carnitine metabolism, and several amino acid pathways, especially cysteine and methionine metabolism. There also was increased abundance of ω-oxidation products of VPA in the more NTD-sensitive strain, suggesting differential metabolism of the drug. Finally, we found significantly reduced levels of hypotaurine in the susceptible strain regardless of VPA status. Based on this information, we hypothesized that maternal supplementation with L-carnitine (400 mg/kg), coenzyme A (200 mg/kg), or hypotaurine (350 mg/kg) would reduce VPA-induced NTDs in the sensitive strain and found that administration of hypotaurine prior to VPA exposure significantly reduced the occurrence of NTDs by close to one-third compared to controls. L-carnitine and coenzyme A reduced resorption rates but did not significantly reduce NTD risk in the sensitive strain. These results suggest that genetic variants or environmental exposures influencing embryonic hypotaurine status may be factors in determining risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes when managing the health care needs of pregnant women exposed to VPA or other ASMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Steele
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ying Linda Lin
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nellie Chen
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bogdan J. Wlodarczyk
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nabeel Attarwala
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Madhu Venkatesalu
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert M. Cabrera
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven S. Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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