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Beris D, Tzima A, Gousi F, Rampou A, Psarra V, Theologidis I, Vassilakos N. Multiple integrations of a sense transgene, including a tandem inverted repeat confer stable RNA-silencing mediated virus resistance under different abiotic and biotic conditions. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:53-66. [PMID: 36633706 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, tobacco plants, transformed with a sense construct of the 57K domain of the replicase gene of tobacco rattle virus (TRV), provided resistance against genetically distant isolates of the virus. In this work, 57K-specific siRNAs were detected with RT-qPCR solely in the resistant line verifying the RNA-silencing base of the resistance. The integration sites of the transgene into the plant genome were identified with inverse-PCR. Moreover, the resistance against TRV was practically unaffected by low temperature conditions and the presence of heterologous viruses. The mechanism of the resistance was further examined by a gene expression analysis that showed increased transcript levels of genes with a key-role in the RNA silencing pathway and the basal antiviral defence. This work provides a comprehensive characterization of the robust virus resistance obtained by a sense transgene and underlines the usefulness of transgenic plants obtained by such a strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Beris
- Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Athens, Greece.
| | - Aliki Tzima
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Production, School of Agricultural Production Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Fani Gousi
- Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Production, School of Agricultural Production Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Rampou
- Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Athens, Greece
| | - Venetia Psarra
- Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Theologidis
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikon Vassilakos
- Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Athens, Greece
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Arifa RDN, de Paula TP, Lima RL, Brito CB, Andrade MER, Cardoso VN, Pinheiro MVB, Ladeira LO, Krambrock K, Teixeira MM, Fagundes CT, Souza DG. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the nanocomposite Fullerol decrease the severity of intestinal inflammation induced by gut ischemia and reperfusion. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173984. [PMID: 33647256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia is a vascular emergency that arises when blood flow to the intestine is compromised. Reperfusion is necessary to restore intestinal function but might lead to local and systemic inflammatory responses and bacterial translocation, with consequent multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). During reperfusion occurs production of reactive oxygen species. These species contribute to intestinal injury through direct toxicity or activation of inflammatory pathways. Fullerol is a nanacomposite which has been shown to act as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) scavengers. Thus, our aim was to evaluate whether Fullerol confer anti-inflammatory activity during intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IIR). Intestinal ischemia was induced by total occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. Groups were treated with vehicle or Fullerol 10 min before reperfusion. Mice were euthanized after 6 h of reperfusion, and small intestines were collected for evaluation of plasma extravasation, leukocyte influx, cytokine production and histological damage. Bacterial translocation to the peritoneal cavity and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production by lamina propria cells were also evaluated. Our results showed that treatment with Fullerol inhibited bacterial translocation to the peritoneal cavity, delayed and decreased the lethality rates and diminished neutrophil influx and intestinal injury induced by IIR. Reduced severity of reperfusion injury in Fullerol-treated mice was associated with blunted reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production in leukocytes isolated from gut lamina propria and decreased production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, the present study shows that Fullerol is a potential therapy to treat inflammatory bowel disorders associated with bacterial translocation, such as IIR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Talles Prosperi de Paula
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Lacerda Lima
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Bernardo Brito
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Orlando Ladeira
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Klaus Krambrock
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caio Tavares Fagundes
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniele Gloria Souza
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Vilperte V, Agapito-Tenfen SZ, Wikmark OG, Nodari RO. Levels of DNA methylation and transcript accumulation in leaves of transgenic maize varieties. Environ Sci Eur 2016; 28:29. [PMID: 27942424 PMCID: PMC5120055 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-016-0097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior to their release in the environment, transgenic crops are examined for their health and environmental safety. In addition, transgene expression needs to be consistent in order to express the introduced trait (e.g. insecticidal and/or herbicide tolerance). Moreover, data on expression levels for GM events are usually required for approval, but these are rarely disclosed or they are considered insufficient. On the other hand, biosafety regulators do not consider epigenetic regulation (e.g. DNA methylation, ncRNAs and histone modifications), which are broadly known to affect gene expression, within their risk assessment analyses. Here we report the results of a DNA methylation (bisulfite sequencing) and transgene transcript accumulation (RT-qPCR) analysis of four Bt-expressing single transgenic maize hybrids, under different genetic backgrounds, and a stacked transgenic hybrid expressing both insecticidal and herbicide tolerance traits. RESULTS Our results showed differences in cytosine methylation levels in the FMV promoter and cry2Ab2 transgene of the four Bt-expressing hybrid varieties. The comparison between single and stacked hybrids under the same genetic background showed differences in the 35S promoter sequence. The results of transgene transcript accumulation levels showed differences in both cry1A.105 and cry2Ab2 transgenes among the four Bt-expressing hybrid varieties. The comparison between single and stacked hybrids showed difference for the cry2Ab2 transgene only. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results show differences in DNA methylation patterns in all varieties, as well as in transgene transcript accumulation levels. Although the detection of changes in DNA methylation and transgenic accumulation levels does not present a safety issue per se, it demonstrates the need for additional studies that focus on detecting possible safety implications of such changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Vilperte
- Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
- GenØk - Centre for Biosafety, Tromsø, Norway
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Odd-Gunnar Wikmark
- GenØk - Centre for Biosafety, Tromsø, Norway
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Rubens Onofre Nodari
- Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
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Dietz-Pfeilstetter A, Arndt N, Manske U. Effects of a petunia scaffold/matrix attachment region on copy number dependency and stability of transgene expression in Nicotiana tabacum. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:149-62. [PMID: 26732611 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-015-9924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Transgenes in genetically modified plants are often not reliably expressed during development or in subsequent generations. Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) as well as post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) have been shown to occur in transgenic plants depending on integration pattern, copy number and integration site. In an effort to reduce position effects, to prevent read-through transcription and to provide a more accessible chromatin structure, a P35S-ß-glucuronidase (P35S-gus) transgene flanked by a scaffold/matrix attachment region from petunia (Petun-SAR), was introduced in Nicotiana tabacum plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. It was found that Petun-SAR mediates enhanced expression and copy number dependency up to 2 gene copies, but did not prevent gene silencing in transformants with multiple and rearranged gene copies. However, in contrast to the non-SAR transformants where silencing was irreversible and proceeded during long-term vegetative propagation and in progeny plants, gus expression in Petun-SAR plants was re-established in the course of development. Gene silencing was not necessarily accompanied by DNA methylation, while the gus transgene could still be expressed despite considerable CG methylation within the coding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Dietz-Pfeilstetter
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Nicola Arndt
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Manske
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
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Arifa RDN, Paula TPD, Madeira MFM, Lima RL, Garcia ZM, Ÿvila TV, Pinho V, Barcelos LS, Pinheiro MVB, Ladeira LO, Krambrock K, Teixeira MM, Souza DG. The reduction of oxidative stress by nanocomposite Fullerol decreases mucositis severity and reverts leukopenia induced by Irinotecan. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:102-110. [PMID: 26987941 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Irinotecan is a useful chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of several solid tumors. However, this therapy is associated with side effects, including leukopenia and mucositis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate inflammatory pathways and contribute to Irinotecan-induced mucositis. Fullerol is a nanocomposite with anti-oxidant properties that may reduce tissue damage after inflammatory stimuli. In this paper, the effects of Fullerol and mechanisms of protection were investigated in a model of Irinotecan-induced mucositis. Mucositis was induced by an injection of Irinotecan per 4 days in C57BL/6. Fullerol or a vehicle was injected every 12h. On day 7, the intestines were removed to evaluate histological changes, leukocyte influx, and the production of cytokines and ROS. Irinotecan therapy resulted in weight loss, an increased clinical score and intestinal injury. Treatment with Fullerol attenuated weight loss, decreased clinical score and intestinal damage. Irinotecan also induced increased ROS production in enterocytes, oxidative stress, IL-1β production, neutrophil and eosinophil influx in the ileum. Fullerol treatment decreased production of ROS in the enterocytes, oxidative stress, IL-1β production, neutrophil and eosinophil influx in the ileum. Irinotecan therapy also induced leukopenia in an ROS-dependent manner because leukopenia reverted in WT mice treated with Fullerol or Apocynin or in Gp91phox(-/-) mice. Mice treated with Irinotecan presented less melanoma tumor growth compared to the control group. Fullerol does not interfere in the anti-tumor action of Irinotecan. Fullerol has a great pharmacology potential to decreases the severity of mucositis and of leukopenia during chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Duque Nascimento Arifa
- Laboratório Interação Micro-organismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Talles Prosperi de Paula
- Laboratório Interação Micro-organismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mila Fernandes Moreira Madeira
- Laboratório Interação Micro-organismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Lacerda Lima
- Laboratório Interação Micro-organismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Zélia Menezes Garcia
- Laboratório Interação Micro-organismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Vinícius Ÿvila
- Laboratório Interação Micro-organismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos em Inflamação, Departamento de Morfologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucíola Silva Barcelos
- Laboratório de Angiogênese, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Orlando Ladeira
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Klaus Krambrock
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle Glória Souza
- Laboratório Interação Micro-organismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Ramkumar TR, Parameswari C, Sugapriya T, Veluthambi K. Effect of orientation of transcription of a gene in an inverted transferred DNA repeat on transcriptional gene silencing in rice transgenics-a case study. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2015; 21:151-157. [PMID: 25648206 PMCID: PMC4312324 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-014-0273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied transgene silencing in two transgenic rice plants, OSM25 and COT-OSM4, which harboured two different types of right border (RB)-centered inverted transferred DNA (T-DNA) repeats (IRs). The T-DNA in OSM25 has three genes gus, OSM and hph, all under the transcriptional control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (P35S). The gus gene, which is proximal to the RB, is in a convergent orientation of transcription in the IR. OSM25 displayed silencing of all three transgenes. Nuclear run-on transcription analysis revealed that silencing of gus, OSM and hph genes in OSM25 operates at the transcriptional level. P35S showed hypermethylation in OSM25 plants. COT-OSM4 has P35S-driven gus and hph genes in its T-DNA. The hph gene, which is proximal to the RB, is in a divergent orientation of transcription in the IR. Unlike in OSM25, the transgenes in COT-OSM4 showed no silencing. These findings show that convergent orientation of transcription of a gene at the origin of an IR is important for transgene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thakku R. Ramkumar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chidambaram Parameswari
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Thennavan Sugapriya
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Karuppannan Veluthambi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021 Tamil Nadu India
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Abstract
Decades of research into homologous recombination have unravelled many of the details concerning the transfer of information between two homologous sequences. By contrast, the processes by which the interacting molecules initially colocalize are largely unknown. How can two homologous needles find each other in the genomic haystack? Is homologous pairing the result of a damage-induced homology search, or is it an enduring and general feature of the genomic architecture that facilitates homologous recombination whenever and wherever damage occurs? This Review presents the homologous-pairing enigma, delineates our current understanding of the process and offers guidelines for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Barzel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
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