1
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Mesquita B, Singh A, Prats Masdeu C, Lokhorst N, Hebels ER, van Steenbergen M, Mastrobattista E, Heger M, van Nostrum CF, Oliveira S. Nanobody-mediated targeting of zinc phthalocyanine with polymer micelles as nanocarriers. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124004. [PMID: 38492899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a suitable alternative to currently employed cancer treatments. However, the hydrophobicity of most photosensitizers (e.g., zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC)) leads to their aggregation in blood. Moreover, non-specific accumulation in skin and low clearance rate of ZnPC leads to long-lasting skin photosensitization, forcing patients with a short life expectancy to remain indoors. Consequently, the clinical implementation of these photosensitizers is limited. Here, benzyl-poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) micelles encapsulating ZnPC (ZnPC-M) were investigated to increase the solubility of ZnPC and its specificity towards cancers cells. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation was used to characterize micelles with different ZnPC-to-polymer ratios and their stability in human plasma. The ZnPC-M with the lowest payload (0.2 and 0.4% ZnPC w/w) were the most stable in plasma, exhibiting minimal ZnPC transfer to lipoproteins, and induced the highest phototoxicity in three cancer cell lines. Nanobodies (Nbs) with binding specificity towards hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were conjugated to ZnPC-M to facilitate cell targeting and internalization. MET- and EGFR-targeting micelles enhanced the association and the phototoxicity in cells expressing the target receptor. Altogether, these results indicate that ZnPC-M decorated with Nbs targeting overexpressed proteins on cancer cells may provide a better alternative to currently approved formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mesquita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arunika Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cèlia Prats Masdeu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Lokhorst
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik R Hebels
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mies van Steenbergen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing University, College of Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelus F van Nostrum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Tadjiki S, Sharifi S, Lavasanifar A, Mahmoudi M. Advancing In Situ Analysis of Biomolecular Corona: Opportunities and Challenges in Utilizing Field-Flow Fractionation. ACS Bio Med Chem Au 2024; 4:77-85. [PMID: 38645931 PMCID: PMC11027122 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.4c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The biomolecular corona, a complex layer of biological molecules, envelops nanoparticles (NPs) upon exposure to biological fluids including blood. This dynamic interface is pivotal for the advancement of nanomedicine, particularly in areas of therapy and diagnostics. In situ analysis of the biomolecular corona is crucial, as it can substantially improve our ability to accurately predict the biological fate of nanomedicine and, therefore, enable development of more effective, safe, and precisely targeted nanomedicines. Despite its importance, the repertoire of techniques available for in situ analysis of the biomolecular corona is surprisingly limited. This tutorial review provides an overview of the available techniques for in situ analysis of biomolecular corona with a particular focus on exploring both the advantages and the limitations inherent in the use of field-flow fractionation (FFF) for in situ analysis of the biomolecular corona. It delves into how FFF can unravel the complexities of the corona, enhancing our understanding and guiding the design of next-generation nanomedicines for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheyl Tadjiki
- Postnova
Analytics Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84102, United States
| | - Shahriar Sharifi
- Department
of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department
of Chemical and Material Engineering, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 V4, Canada
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department
of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
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3
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Daramy K, Punnabhum P, Hussain M, Minelli C, Pei Y, Rattray NJW, Perrie Y, Rattray Z. Nanoparticle Isolation from Biological Media for Protein Corona Analysis: The Impact of Incubation and Recovery Protocols on Nanoparticle Properties. J Pharm Sci 2023:S0022-3549(23)00565-8. [PMID: 38163549 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are increasingly implemented in biomedical applications, including the diagnosis and treatment of disease. When exposed to complex biological media, nanoparticles spontaneously interact with their surrounding environment, leading to the surface-adsorption of small and bio- macromolecules- termed the "corona". Corona composition is governed by nanoparticle properties and incubation parameters. While the focus of most studies is on the protein signature of the nanoparticle corona, the impact of experimental protocols on nanoparticle size in the presence of complex biological media, and the impact of nanoparticle recovery from biological media has not yet been reported. Here using a non-degradable robust model, we show how centrifugation-resuspension protocols used for the isolation of nanoparticles from incubation media, incubation duration and shear flow conditions alter nanoparticle parameters including particle size, zeta potential and total protein content. Our results show significant changes in nanoparticle size following exposure to media containing protein under different flow conditions, which also altered the composition of surface-adsorbed proteins profiled by SDS-PAGE. Our in situ analysis of nanoparticle size in media containing protein using particle tracking analysis highlights that centrifugation-resuspension is disruptive to agglomerates that are spontaneously formed in protein containing media, highlighting the need for in situ analytical methods that do not alter the intermediates formed following nanoparticle exposure to biological media. Nanomedicines are mostly intended for parenteral administration, and our findings show that parameters such as shear flow can significantly alter nanoparticle physicochemical parameters. Overall, we show that the centrifugation-resuspension isolation of nanoparticles from media significantly alters particle parameters in addition to the overall protein composition of surface-adsorbed proteins. We recommend that nanoparticle characterization pipelines studying bio-nano interactions during early nanomedicine development consider biologically-relevant shear flow conditions and media composition that can significantly alter particle physical parameters and subsequent conclusions from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Daramy
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Panida Punnabhum
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Muattaz Hussain
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caterina Minelli
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Yiwen Pei
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Nicholas J W Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zahra Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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4
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Yaghmur A, Moghimi SM. Intrinsic and Dynamic Heterogeneity of Nonlamellar Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Nanodispersions. ACS Nano 2023; 17:22183-22195. [PMID: 37943319 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonlamellar lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) nanoparticles are a family of versatile nano-self-assemblies, which are finding increasing applications in drug solubilization and targeted drug delivery. LLC nanodispersions are heterogeneous with discrete nanoparticle subpopulations of distinct internal architecture and morphology, frequently coexisting with micelles and/or vesicles. Diversity in the internal architectural repertoire of LLC nanodispersions grants versatility in drug solubilization, encapsulation, and release rate. However, drug incorporation contributes to the heterogeneity of LLC nanodispersions, and on exposure to biological media, LLC nanodispersions often undergo nanostructural and morphological transformations. From a pharmaceutical perspective, coexistence of multiple types of nanoparticles with diverse structural attributes, together with media-driven transformations in colloidal characteristics, brings challenges in dissecting biological and therapeutic performance of LLC nanodispersions in a spatiotemporal manner. Here, we outline innate and acquired heterogeneity of LLC nanodispersions and discuss technological developments and alternative approaches needed to improve homogeneity of LLC formulations for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Yaghmur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - S Moein Moghimi
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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5
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Graewert MA, Wilhelmy C, Bacic T, Schumacher J, Blanchet C, Meier F, Drexel R, Welz R, Kolb B, Bartels K, Nawroth T, Klein T, Svergun D, Langguth P, Haas H. Quantitative size-resolved characterization of mRNA nanoparticles by in-line coupling of asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation with small angle X-ray scattering. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15764. [PMID: 37737457 PMCID: PMC10516866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a generically applicable approach to determine an extensive set of size-dependent critical quality attributes inside nanoparticulate pharmaceutical products. By coupling asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) measurements directly in-line with solution small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), vital information such as (i) quantitative, absolute size distribution profiles, (ii) drug loading, (iii) size-dependent internal structures, and (iv) quantitative information on free drug is obtained. Here the validity of the method was demonstrated by characterizing complex mRNA-based lipid nanoparticle products. The approach is particularly applicable to particles in the size range of 100 nm and below, which is highly relevant for pharmaceutical products-both biologics and nanoparticles. The method can be applied as well in other fields, including structural biology and environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Wilhelmy
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Clement Blanchet
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Roland Welz
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, Landsberg am Lech, Germany
| | - Bastian Kolb
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kim Bartels
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Nawroth
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Dmitri Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
- BIOSAXS GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Haas
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
- BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany.
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6
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Hebels ER, van Steenbergen MJ, Haegebaert R, Seinen CW, Mesquita BS, van den Dikkenberg A, Remaut K, Rijcken CJF, van Ravensteijn BGP, Hennink WE, Vermonden T. Mechanistic Study on the Degradation of Hydrolysable Core-Crosslinked Polymeric Micelles. Langmuir 2023; 39:12132-12143. [PMID: 37581242 PMCID: PMC10469444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Core-crosslinked polymeric micelles (CCPMs) are an attractive class of nanocarriers for drug delivery. Two crosslinking approaches to form CCPMs exist: either via a low-molecular-weight crosslinking agent to connect homogeneous polymer chains with reactive handles or via cross-reactive handles on polymers to link them to each other (complementary polymers). Previously, CCPMs based on methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide-lactate] (mPEG-b-PHPMAmLacn) modified with thioesters were crosslinked via native chemical ligation (NCL, a reaction between a cysteine residue and thioester resulting in an amide bond) using a bifunctional cysteine containing crosslinker. These CCPMs are degradable under physiological conditions due to hydrolysis of the ester groups present in the crosslinks. The rapid onset of degradation observed previously, as measured by the light scattering intensity, questions the effectiveness of crosslinking via a bifunctional agent. Particularly due to the possibility of intrachain crosslinks that can occur using such a small crosslinker, we investigated the degradation mechanism of CCPMs generated via both approaches using various analytical techniques. CCPMs based on complementary polymers degraded slower at pH 7.4 and 37 °C than CCPMs with a crosslinker (the half-life of the light scattering intensity was approximately 170 h versus 80 h, respectively). Through comparative analysis of the degradation profiles of the two different CCPMs, we conclude that partially ineffective intrachain crosslinks are likely formed using the small crosslinker, which contributed to more rapid CCPM degradation. Overall, this study shows that the type of crosslinking approach can significantly affect degradation kinetics, and this should be taken into consideration when developing new degradable CCPM platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R. Hebels
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mies J. van Steenbergen
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ragna Haegebaert
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Cornelis W. Seinen
- Division
Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Central Diagnostic
Lab, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara S. Mesquita
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette van den Dikkenberg
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Bas G. P. van Ravensteijn
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Choudhury A, Simnani FZ, Singh D, Patel P, Sinha A, Nandi A, Ghosh A, Saha U, Kumari K, Jaganathan SK, Kaushik NK, Panda PK, Suar M, Verma SK. Atmospheric microplastic and nanoplastic: The toxicological paradigm on the cellular system. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 259:115018. [PMID: 37216859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for plastic in our daily lives has led to global plastic pollution. The improper disposal of plastic has resulted in a massive amount of atmospheric microplastics (MPs), which has further resulted in the production of atmospheric nanoplastics (NPs). Because of its intimate relationship with the environment and human health, microplastic and nanoplastic contamination is becoming a problem. Because microplastics and nanoplastics are microscopic and light, they may penetrate deep into the human lungs. Despite several studies demonstrating the abundance of microplastics and nanoplastics in the air, the potential risks of atmospheric microplastics and nanoplastics remain unknown. Because of its small size, atmospheric nanoplastic characterization has presented significant challenges. This paper describes sampling and characterization procedures for atmospheric microplastics and nanoplastics. This study also examines the numerous harmful effects of plastic particles on human health and other species. There is a significant void in research on the toxicity of airborne microplastics and nanoplastics upon inhalation, which has significant toxicological potential in the future. Further study is needed to determine the influence of microplastic and nanoplastic on pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Choudhury
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | | | - Dibyangshee Singh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Paritosh Patel
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Adrija Sinha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Aditya Nandi
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Aishee Ghosh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Utsa Saha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Khushbu Kumari
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Saravana Kumar Jaganathan
- School of Engineering, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
| | - Suresh K Verma
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
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8
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Bian J, Gobalasingham N, Purchel A, Lin J. The Power of Field-Flow Fractionation in Characterization of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104169. [PMID: 37241911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is a gentle, flexible, and powerful separation technique that is widely utilized for fractionating nanometer-sized analytes, which extend to many emerging nanocarriers for drug delivery, including lipid-, virus-, and polymer-based nanoparticles. To ascertain quality attributes and suitability of these nanostructures as drug delivery systems, including particle size distributions, shape, morphology, composition, and stability, it is imperative that comprehensive analytical tools be used to characterize the native properties of these nanoparticles. The capacity for AF4 to be readily coupled to multiple online detectors (MD-AF4) or non-destructively fractionated and analyzed offline make this technique broadly compatible with a multitude of characterization strategies, which can provide insight on size, mass, shape, dispersity, and many other critical quality attributes. This review will critically investigate MD-AF4 reports for characterizing nanoparticles in drug delivery, especially those reported in the last 10-15 years that characterize multiple attributes simultaneously downstream from fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bian
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nemal Gobalasingham
- Wyatt Technology Corporation, 6330 Hollister Ave, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Anatolii Purchel
- Wyatt Technology Corporation, 6330 Hollister Ave, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Jessica Lin
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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9
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Priedols M, Paidere G, Santos CB, Miscenko A, Bergmanis RG, Spule A, Bekere B, Mozolevskis G, Abols A, Rimsa R. Bifurcated Asymmetric Field Flow Fractionation of Nanoparticles in PDMS-Free Microfluidic Devices for Applications in Label-Free Extracellular Vesicle Separation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36850073 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are small membrane-bound structures that are released by cells and play important roles in intercellular communication garnering significant attention in scientific society recently due to their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. However, separating EVs from large-volume samples remains a challenge due to their small size and low concentration. In this manuscript, we presented a novel method for separating polystyrene beads as control and extracellular vesicles from large sample volumes using bifurcated asymmetric field flow fractionation in PDMS-free microfluidic devices. Separation characteristics were evaluated using the control system of polystyrene bead mix, which offers up to 3.7X enrichment of EV-sized beads. Furthermore, in the EV-sample from bioreactor culture media, we observed a notable population distribution shift of extracellular vesicles. Herein presented novel PDMS-free microfluidic device fabrication protocol resulted in devices with reduced EV-loss compared to size-exclusion columns. This method represented an improvement over the current state of the art in terms of EV separation from large sample volumes through the use of novel field flow fractionation design.
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10
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Marques C, Maurizi L, Borchard G, Jordan O. Characterization Challenges of Self-Assembled Polymer-SPIONs Nanoparticles: Benefits of Orthogonal Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Size and zeta potential are critical physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs), influencing their biological activity and safety profile. These are essential for further industrial upscale and clinical success. However, the characterization of polydisperse, non-spherical NPs is a challenge for traditional characterization techniques (ex., dynamic light scattering (DLS)). In this paper, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) exhibiting different terminal groups at their surface, either hydroxyl (OH), carboxyl (COOH) or amino (NH2) end groups. Size, zeta potential and concentration were characterized by orthogonal methods, namely, batch DLS, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) coupled to multi-angle light scattering (MALS), UV-Visible and online DLS. Finally, coated SPIONs were incubated with albumin, and size changes were monitored by AF4-MALS-UV-DLS. NTA showed the biggest mean sizes, even though DLS PVAL-COOH SPION graphs presented aggregates in the micrometer range. TRPS detected more NPs in suspension than NTA. Finally, AF4-MALS-UV-DLS could successfully resolve the different sizes of the coated SPION suspensions. The results highlight the importance of combining techniques with different principles for NPs characterization. The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed here.
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11
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Shakiba S, Shariati S, Wu H, Astete CE, Cueto R, Fini EH, Rodrigues DF, Sabliov CM, Louie SM. Distinguishing nanoparticle drug release mechanisms by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation. J Control Release 2022; 352:485-496. [PMID: 36280154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This research demonstrates the development, application, and mechanistic value of a multi-detector asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) approach to acquire size-resolved drug loading and release profiles from polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). AF4 was hyphenated with multiple online detectors, including dynamic and multi-angle light scattering for NP size and shape factor analysis, fluorescence for drug detection, and total organic carbon (TOC) to quantify the NPs and dissolved polymer in nanoformulations. The method was demonstrated on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs loaded with coumarin 6 (C6) as a lipophilic drug surrogate. The bulk C6 release profile using AF4 was validated against conventional analysis of drug extracted from the NPs and complemented with high performance liquid chromatography - quadrupole time-of-flight (HPLC-QTOF) mass spectrometry analysis of oligomeric PLGA species. Interpretation of the bulk drug release profile was ambiguous, with several release models yielding reasonable fits. In contrast, the size-resolved release profiles from AF4 provided critical information to confidently establish the release mechanism. Specifically, the C6-loaded NPs exhibited size-independent release rate constants and no significant NP size or shape transformations, suggesting surface desorption rather than diffusion through the PLGA matrix or erosion. This conclusion was supported through comparative experimental evaluation of PLGA NPs carrying a fully entrapped drug, enrofloxacin, which showed size-dependent diffusive release, along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicating a higher adsorption affinity of C6 onto PLGA. In summary, the development of the size-resolved AF4 method and data analysis framework fulfills salient analytical gaps to determine drug localization and release mechanisms from nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Shakiba
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Saba Shariati
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Haoran Wu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Carlos E Astete
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Rafael Cueto
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Elham H Fini
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Debora F Rodrigues
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Cristina M Sabliov
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Stacey M Louie
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States.
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Mast MP, Modh H, Champanhac C, Wang JW, Storm G, Krämer J, Mailänder V, Pastorin G, Wacker MG. Nanomedicine at the crossroads - A quick guide for IVIVC. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113829. [PMID: 34174332 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For many years, nanomedicine is pushing the boundaries of drug delivery. When applying these novel therapeutics, safety considerations are not only a key concern when entering clinical trials but also an important decision point in product development. Standing at the crossroads, nanomedicine may be able to escape the niche markets and achieve wider acceptance by the pharmaceutical industry. While there is a new generation of drug delivery systems, the extracellular vesicles, standing on the starting line, unresolved issues and new challenges emerge from their translation from bench to bedside. Some key features of injectable nanomedicines contribute to the predictability of the pharmacological and toxicological effects. So far, only a few of the physicochemical attributes of nanomedicines can be justified by a direct mathematical relationship between the in vitro and the in vivo responses. To further develop extracellular vesicles as drug carriers, we have to learn from more than 40 years of clinical experience in liposomal delivery and pass on this knowledge to the next generation. Our quick guide discusses relationships between physicochemical characteristics and the in vivo response, commonly referred to as in vitro-in vivo correlation. Further, we highlight the key role of computational methods, lay open current knowledge gaps, and question the established design strategies. Has the recent progress improved the predictability of targeted delivery or do we need another change in perspective?
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Skupin-Mrugalska P, Elvang PA, Brandl M. Application of Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Characterizing the Size and Drug Release Kinetics of Theranostic Lipid Nanovesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10456. [PMID: 34638795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposome size and in vitro release of the active substance belong to critical quality attributes of liposomal carriers. Here, we apply asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) to characterize theranostic liposomes prepared by thin lipid film hydration/extrusion or microfluidics. The vesicles' size was derived from multi-angle laser light scattering following fractionation (AF4) and compared to sizes derived from dynamic light scattering measurements. Additionally, we adapted a previously developed AF4 method to study zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) release/transfer from theranostic liposomes. To this end, theranostic liposomes were incubated with large acceptor liposomes serving as a sink (mimicking biological sinks) and were subsequently separated by AF4. During incubation, ZnPc was transferred from donor to acceptor fraction until reaching equilibrium. The process followed first-order kinetics with half-lives between 119.5-277.3 min, depending on the formulation. The release mechanism was postulated to represent a combination of Fickian diffusion and liposome relaxation. The rate constant of the transfer was proportional to the liposome size and inversely proportional to the ZnPc/POPC molar ratio. Our results confirm the usefulness of AF4 based method to study in vitro release/transfer of lipophilic payload, which may be useful to estimate the unwanted loss of drug from the liposomal carrier in vivo.
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