Gastric inhibitory polypeptide and gastric acid secretion in pregnant rats

The concentrations of some gut polypeptides are elevated during lactation in ruminants

Circulating concentrations of both glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide (GLP-1) were determined in dry and lactating sheep. Both polypeptides were significantly higher in lactating animals compared with dry. The half-life of both in plasma was determined by intravenous injection of GIP or GLP-1 in both dry and lactating animals, but neither peptide showed a significantly different value during lactation. Thus, the increased circulating concentrations during lactation must result from increased secretion, probably resulting from the increased feed intake during lactation. Serum insulin concentrations were significantly lower during lactation, which poses the question of how lactating animals maintain lower circulating insulin levels in the presence of higher levels of insulinotropic agents.

Regulation of thyroid hormones in the secretion of insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide in male rats

The effect of thyroid hormones on glucose-induced secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin was studied. Male rats were thyroidectomized (Tx) or sham Tx. Sham Tx rats were injected with either propylthiouracil ([PTU] 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or saline for 2 weeks. In addition, thyroid-intact rats were injected intravenously with triiodothyronine ([T3]5 microg/kg) or saline 10 minutes before an oral glucose load (3.2 g/kg). Blood samples were collected from each animal via a jugular catheter at 0, 10, 20, 30,45, 60, and 90 minutes following glucose ingestion. Plasma levels of GIP and insulin were measured by specific radioimmunoassays (RIAs). Thyroidectomy-induced hypothyroidism increased the basal level of plasma GIP, but decreased that of insulin. Insulin levels at 10, 20, and 30 minutes following oral glucose were lower in hypothyroid rats than in euthyroid rats. Conversely, GIP levels at 60 and 90 minutes following glucose ingestion in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats were higher than those in euthyroid rats. Furthermore, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was unaltered by pretreatment with T3, whereas the glucose-induced increase in plasma GIP was completely abolished by preinjection of T3 in thyroid-intact rats. These results suggest that thyroid functions are involved in the regulation of insulin and GIP secretion in rats.