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Li M, Zhu J, Lv Z, Qin H, Wang X, Shi H. Recent Advances in RNA-Targeted Cancer Therapy. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300633. [PMID: 37961028 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays a pivotal role in gene regulation and protein biosynthesis. Interfering the physiological function of key RNAs to induce cell apoptosis holds great promise for cancer treatment. Many RNA-targeted anti-cancer strategies have emerged continuously. Among them, RNA interference (RNAi) has been recognized as a promising therapeutic modality for various disease treatments. Nevertheless, the primary obstacle in siRNA delivery-escaping the endosome and crossing the plasma membrane severely impedes its therapeutic potential. Thus far, a variety of nanosystems as well as carrier-free bioconjugation for siRNA delivery have been developed and employed to enhance the drug delivery and anti-tumor efficiency. Besides, the use of small molecules to target specific RNA structures and disrupt their function, along with the covalent modification of RNA, has also drawn tremendous attention recently owing to high therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we will provide an overview of recent progress in RNA-targeted cancer therapy including various siRNA delivery strategies, RNA-targeting small molecules, and newly emerged covalent RNA modification. Finally, challenges and future perspectives faced in this research field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, 00133, Italy
| | - Zhengzhong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongni Qin
- Suzhou Industrial Park Institute of Services Outsourcing, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Haibin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Guan H, Chen X, Liu J, Sun J, Guo H, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Zhang B, Lin J, Yuan Q. Molecular characteristics and therapeutic implications of Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in melanoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13788. [PMID: 37666853 PMCID: PMC10477197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes and is often considered immunogenic cancer. Toll-like receptor-related genes are expressed differently in most types of cancer, depending on the immune microenvironment inside cancer, and the key function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for melanoma has not been fully elucidated. Based on multi-omics data from TCGA and GEO databases, we first performed pan-cancer analysis on TLR, including CNV, SNV, and mRNA changes in TLR-related genes in multiple human cancers, as well as patient prognosis characterization. Then, we divided melanoma patients into three subgroups (clusters 1, 2, and 3) according to the expression of the TLR pathway, and explored the correlation between TLR pathway and melanoma prognosis, immune infiltration, metabolic reprogramming, and oncogene expression characteristics. Finally, through univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO algorithm, we selected six TLR-related genes to construct a survival prognostic model, divided melanoma patients into the training set, internal validation set 1, internal validation set 2, and external validation set for multiple validations, and discussed the correlation between model genes and clinical features of melanoma patients. In conclusion, we constructed a prognostic survival model based on TLR-related genes that precisely and independently demonstrated the potential to assess the prognosis and immune traits of melanoma patients, which is critical for patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewen Guan
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaao Sun
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuankuan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Qihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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3
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Rahimi A, Esmaeili Y, Dana N, Dabiri A, Rahimmanesh I, Jandaghain S, Vaseghi G, Shariati L, Zarrabi A, Javanmard SH, Cordani M. A comprehensive review on novel targeted therapy methods and nanotechnology-based gene delivery systems in melanoma. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023:106476. [PMID: 37236377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, a malignant form of skin cancer, has been swiftly increasing in recent years. Although there have been significant advancements in clinical treatment underlying a well-understanding of melanoma-susceptible genes and the molecular basis of melanoma pathogenesis, the permanency of response to therapy is frequently constrained by the emergence of acquired resistance and systemic toxicity. Conventional therapies, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, have already been used to treat melanoma and are dependent on the cancer stage. Nevertheless, ineffective side effects and the heterogeneity of tumors pose major obstacles to the therapeutic treatment of malignant melanoma through such strategies. In light of this, advanced therapies including nucleic acid therapies (ncRNA, aptamers), suicide gene therapies, and gene therapy using tumor suppressor genes, have lately gained immense attention in the field of cancer treatment. Furthermore, nanomedicine and targeted therapy based on gene editing tools have been applied to the treatment of melanoma as potential cancer treatment approaches nowadays. Indeed, nanovectors enable delivery of the therapeutic agents into the tumor sites by passive or active targeting, improving therapeutic efficiency and minimizing adverse effects. Accordingly, in this review, we summarized the recent findings related to novel targeted therapy methods as well as nanotechnology-based gene systems in melanoma. We also discussed current issues along with potential directions for future research, paving the way for the next-generation of melanoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Rahimi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Nasim Dana
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezou Dabiri
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Setareh Jandaghain
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Ren J, Yang J, Na S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Liu J. Comprehensive characterisation of immunogenic cell death in melanoma revealing the association with prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:998653. [PMID: 36211436 PMCID: PMC9538190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.998653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has highlighted the critical functions of immunogenic cell death (ICD) within many tumors. However, the therapeutic possibilities and mechanism of utilizing ICD in melanoma are still not well investigated. Melanoma samples involved in our study were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. First, pan-cancer analysis of ICD systematically revealed its expression characteristics, prognostic values, mutation information, methylation level, pathway regulation relationship in multiple human cancers. The non-negative matrix factorization clustering was utilized to separate the TCGA-melanoma samples into two subtypes (i.e. C1 and C2) with different prognosis and immune microenvironment based on the expression traits of ICD. Then, LASSO-Cox regression analysis was utilized to determine an ICD-dependent risk signature (ICDRS) based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two subtypes. Principal component analysis and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis of ICDRS showed that high- and low-risk subpopulations could be clearly distinguished. Survival analysis and ROC curves in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts highlighted the accurate prognosis evaluation of ICDRS. The obvious discrepancies of immune microenvironment between the different risk populations might be responsible for the different prognoses of patients with melanoma. These findings revealed the close association of ICD with prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment. More importantly, ICDRS-based immunotherapy response and targeted drug prediction might be beneficial to different risk subpopulations of patients with melanoma. The innotative ICDRS could function as a marker to determine the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment in melanoma. This will aid in patient classification for individualized melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Na
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiqian Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Linyun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Jiwei Liu, ; Jinkui Wang, ; Linyun Zhang,
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Jiwei Liu, ; Jinkui Wang, ; Linyun Zhang,
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Jiwei Liu, ; Jinkui Wang, ; Linyun Zhang,
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Kasoha M, Takacs Z, Fackiner L, Gerlinger C, Sklavounos P, Radosa J, Solomayer EF, Hamza A. Comparison of Maternal Serum Levels and Placental mRNA Levels of Dickkopf-1 in Preeclamptic and Normal Pregnant Women at Delivery. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2021; 81:1247-1255. [PMID: 34754274 PMCID: PMC8568501 DOI: 10.1055/a-1557-1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Preeclampsia remains a major cause of perinatal and maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is known to be critically involved in placenta development processes. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a key regulator of this transduction pathway. The aim of this study is to compare maternal serum DKK1 levels and placental mRNA levels of
DKK1
and β-catenin in preeclamptic and normal pregnant women at delivery.
Methods
The present study included 30 women with preeclampsia and 30 women with normal pregnancy. Maternal serum DKK1 levels were measured by ELISA. Placental mRNA levels of
DKK1
and β-catenin were detected using RT-PCR.
Results
Decreased maternal serum DKK1 levels were associated with worse maternal and fetal complications including HELLP syndrome, determination of one or more pathological symptom and IUGR diagnosis. No significant difference in maternal serum DKK1 levels was reported between preeclamptic women and women with normal pregnancy. Placental mRNA
DKK1
levels were lower in preeclamptic women compared with normal pregnant women. Placental mRNA β-catenin levels showed no significant difference between two groups.
Conclusions
Our findings reported the aberrant placental mRNA
DKK1
levels in patients with preeclampsia. In addition, worse preeclampsia features were associated with decreased maternal serum DKK1 levels. Hence, aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling might present a plausible mechanism in preeclampsia pathogenicity. Dysregulated expression of DKK1 at gene level in the placenta but not at protein level in the maternal serum might confirm the notion that preeclampsia is a type of placenta-derived disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariz Kasoha
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical School of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Zoltan Takacs
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical School of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Lena Fackiner
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical School of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Gerlinger
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical School of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Sklavounos
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical School of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Julia Radosa
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical School of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Erich-Franz Solomayer
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical School of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Amr Hamza
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical School of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Bhoopathi P, Pradhan AK, Maji S, Das SK, Emdad L, Fisher PB. Theranostic Tripartite Cancer Terminator Virus for Cancer Therapy and Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040857. [PMID: 33670594 PMCID: PMC7922065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An optimum cancer therapeutic virus should embody unique properties, including an ability to: Selectively procreate and kill tumor but not normal cells; produce a secreted therapeutic molecule (with broad-acting anti-cancer effects on primary and distant metastatic cells because of potent “bystander” activity); and monitor therapy non-invasively by imaging primary and distant metastatic cancers. We previously created a broad-spectrum, cancer-selective and replication competent therapeutic adenovirus that embodies two of these properties, i.e., specifically reproduces in cancer cells and produces a therapeutic cytokine, MDA-7/IL-24, a “cancer terminator virus” (CTV). We now expand on this concept and demonstrate the feasibility of producing a tripartite CTV (TCTV) selectively expressing three genes from three distinct promoters that replicate in the cancer cells while producing MDA-7/IL-24 and an imaging gene (i.e., luciferase). This novel first-in-class tripartite “theranostic” TCTV expands the utility of therapeutic viruses to non-invasively image and selectively destroy primary tumors and metastases. Abstract Combining cancer-selective viral replication and simultaneous production of a therapeutic cytokine, with potent “bystander” anti-tumor activity, are hallmarks of the cancer terminator virus (CTV). To expand on these attributes, we designed a next generation CTV that additionally enables simultaneous non-invasive imaging of tumors targeted for eradication. A unique tripartite CTV “theranostic” adenovirus (TCTV) has now been created that employs three distinct promoters to target virus replication, cytokine production and imaging capabilities uniquely in cancer cells. Conditional replication of the TCTV is regulated by a cancer-selective (truncated PEG-3) promoter, the therapeutic component, MDA-7/IL-24, is under a ubiquitous (CMV) promoter, and finally the imaging capabilities are synchronized through another cancer selective (truncated tCCN1) promoter. Using in vitro studies and clinically relevant in vivo models of breast and prostate cancer, we demonstrate that incorporating a reporter gene for imaging does not compromise the exceptional therapeutic efficacy of our previously reported bipartite CTV. This TCTV permits targeted treatment of tumors while monitoring tumor regression, with potential to simultaneously detect metastasis due to the cancer-selective activity of reporter gene expression. This “theranostic” virus provides a new genetic tool for distinguishing and treating localized and metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.K.P.); (S.M.); (S.K.D.); (L.E.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (P.B.F.)
| | - Anjan K. Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.K.P.); (S.M.); (S.K.D.); (L.E.)
| | - Santanu Maji
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.K.P.); (S.M.); (S.K.D.); (L.E.)
| | - Swadesh K. Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.K.P.); (S.M.); (S.K.D.); (L.E.)
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.K.P.); (S.M.); (S.K.D.); (L.E.)
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.K.P.); (S.M.); (S.K.D.); (L.E.)
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (P.B.F.)
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Zhang J, Liu H, Zhang W, Li Y, Fan Z, Jiang H, Luo J. Identification of lncRNA-mRNA Regulatory Module to Explore the Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:615671. [PMID: 33392203 PMCID: PMC7773644 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.615671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is an aggressive form of skin cancer that results in high mortality rate worldwide. It is vital to discover effective prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of melanoma. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been verified to play an essential role in the regulation of gene expression in diseases and tumors. Therefore, it is significant to explore the function of lncRNAs in the development and progression of SKCM. In this paper, a set of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were first screened out using 471 cutaneous melanoma samples and 813 normal skin samples. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed to obtain the significant function annotations and pathways of DEmRNAs. We also ran survival analysis on both DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs to identify prognostic-related lncRNAs and mRNAs. Next, a set of hub genes derived from protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and lncRNA target genes screened from starbase-ENCORI database were integrated to construct a lncRNA-mRNA regulatory module, which includes 6 lncRNAs 4 target mRNAs. We further checked the capacity of these lncRNA and mRNA in the diagnosis of melanoma, and found that single lncRNA can effectively distinguish tumor and normal tissue. Moreover, we ran CMap analysis to select a list of small molecule drugs for SKCM, such as EGFR inhibitor AG-490, growth factor receptor inhibitor GW-441756 and apoptosis stimulant betulinic-acid, which have shown therapeutic effect in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Aliyun School of Big Data, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Aliyun School of Big Data, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yinfang Li
- Aliyun School of Big Data, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Fan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Hu X, Yuan L, Ma T. Mechanisms of JAK-STAT signaling pathway mediated by CXCL8 gene silencing on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human cutaneous melanoma cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1973-1981. [PMID: 32724443 PMCID: PMC7377181 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of CXCL8 gene silencing-mediated JAK-STAT signaling pathway on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human cutaneous melanoma cells was explored. Eighty patients with cutaneous melanoma were enrolled in the study. Cells were transfected accordingly and divided into five groups: The blank group (human cutaneous melanoma cells), NC group (human cutaneous melanoma cells + blank vector plasmid transfection), CXCL8 siRNA group (human cutaneous melanoma cells + CXCL8 silent expression vector plasmid transfection), AG490 group (human cutaneous melanoma cells + JAK-STAT signal pathway inhibitor transfection), CXCL8 siRNA + AG490 group (human cutaneous melanoma cells + JAK-STAT signaling pathway inhibitor + CXCL8 silent expression vector plasmid transfection). The expression levels of CXCL8, JAK2, STAT3, epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), neurotrophic cadherin (N-cadherin) and vimentin in tissues and cells were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Compared with adjacent normal tissues, the expression of E-cadherin in human cutaneous melanoma tissues was significantly decreased, whereas the expression of CXCL8, JAK2, STAT3, vimentin and N-cadherin was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, CXCL8 siRNA group and CXCL8 siRNA + AG490 group had significantly lower expression of CXCL8 (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the expression levels of JAK2, STAT3, vimentin and N-cadherin in CXCL8 siRNA group, AG490 group and CXCL8 siRNA + AG490 group were decreased, the expression of E-cadherin was increased, the cell proliferation ability was decreased and apoptosis was increased (P<0.05). Compared with CXCL8 siRNA group, the expression of JAK2, STAT3, vimentin and N-cadherin in CXCL8 siRNA + AG490 group were significantly decreased, the expression of E-cadherin was significantly increased, cell proliferation ability was decreased and apoptosis was increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, CXCL8 gene expression silencing may inhibit EMT and cell proliferation while promoting cell apoptosis of human cutaneous melanoma cells by inhibiting the activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Hu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Gansu 750001, P.R. China
| | - Lili Yuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Qingyang People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Qingyang, Gansu 745000, P.R. China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Gansu 750001, P.R. China
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9
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Chen S, Liu Z, Li M, Huang Y, Wang M, Zeng W, Wei W, Zhang C, Gong Y, Guo L. Potential Prognostic Predictors and Molecular Targets for Skin Melanoma Screened by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 20:5-14. [PMID: 32416689 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200516170832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Among skin cancers, malignant skin melanoma is the leading cause of death. Identification of gene markers of malignant skin melanoma associated with survival may provide new clues for prognosis prediction and treatment. This research aimed to screen out potential prognostic predictors and molecular targets for malignant skin melanoma. INTRODUCTION Information regarding gene expression in skin melanoma and patients' clinical traits was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to build co-expression modules and investigate the association between the modules and clinical traits. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis was performed for clinically significant co-expression modules. Hub genes of these modules were validated via Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and the Human Protein Atlas (http:// www.proteinatlas.org). METHODS First, using WGCNA, 9 co-expression modules were constructed by the top 25% differentially expressed genes (4406 genes) from 77 human melanoma samples. Two co-expression modules (magenta and blue modules) were significantly correlated with survival months (r = -0.27, p = 0.02; r = 0.27, p = 0.02, respectively). The results of functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the magenta module was mainly enriched in the cell cycle process and the blue module was mainly enriched in the immune response process. Additionally, the GEPIA and Human Protein Atlas results suggested that the hub genes CCNB2, ARHGAP30, and SEMA4D were associated with relapse-free survival and overall survival (all p-values < 0.05) and were differentially expressed in melanoma tumors and normal skin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The results provided the framework of co-expression gene modules of skin melanoma and screened out CCNB2, ARHGAP30, and SEMA4D associated with survival as potential prognostic predictors and molecular targets of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichao Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeming Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihui Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Ercolano G, De Cicco P, Rubino V, Terrazzano G, Ruggiero G, Carriero R, Kunderfranco P, Ianaro A. Knockdown of PTGS2 by CRISPR/CAS9 System Designates a New Potential Gene Target for Melanoma Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1456. [PMID: 31920649 PMCID: PMC6915044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 has become a powerful method to engineer genomes and to activate or to repress genes expression. As such, in cancer research CRISPR/Cas9 technology represents an efficient tool to dissect mechanisms of tumorigenesis and to discover novel targets for drug development. Here, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 technology for studying the role of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) in melanoma development and progression. Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer with a median survival of less than 1 year. Although oncogene-targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated a significant success in improving overall survival in patients, related toxicity and emerging resistance are ongoing challenges. Gene therapy appears to be an appealing option to enhance the efficacy of currently available melanoma therapeutics leading to better patient prognosis. Several gene therapy targets have been identified and have proven to be effective against melanoma cells. Particularly, PTGS2 is frequently expressed in malignant melanomas and its expression significantly correlates with poor survival in patients. In this study we investigated on the effect of ptgs2 knockdown in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Our results show that reduced expression of ptgs2 in melanoma cells: i) inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness; ii) modulates immune response by impairing myeloid derived suppressor cell differentiation; iii) reduces tumor development and metastasis in vivo. Collectively, these findings indicate that ptgs2 could represent an ideal gene to be targeted to improve success rates in the development of new and highly selective drugs for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola De Cicco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Carriero
- Bioinformatic Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Kunderfranco
- Bioinformatic Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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11
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Zhang L, Ji Z, Zhang J, Yang S. Photodynamic therapy enhances skin cancer chemotherapy effects through autophagy regulation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:159-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Zhang Q, Xiong M, Liu J, Wang S, Du T, Kang T, Liu Y, Cheng H, Huang M, Gou M. Targeted nanoparticle-mediated LHPP for melanoma treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3455-3468. [PMID: 31190803 PMCID: PMC6516749 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s196374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP) is a novel tumor suppressor. However, whether LHPP is effective to melanoma has not been investigated. Gene therapy provides a new strategy for the treatment of melanoma. Currently, it suffers from the lack of safe and effective gene delivery systems. Methods: A CRGDKGPDC peptide (iRGD) modified hybrid monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide) nanoparticle (iDPP) was prepared and complexed with a LHPP plasmid, forming an iDPP/LHPP nanocomplex. The iDPP/LHPP nanocomplex was characterized by particle size distribution, zeta potential, morphology, cytotoxicity, and transfection efficiency. The antitumor efficacy of the nanocomplex against melanoma was studied both in vitro and in vivo. Further, the potential epigenetic changes in melanoma induced by iDPP/LHPP nanocomplex were evaluated. Results: The iDPP/LHPP nanocomplex showed high transfection efficiency and low toxicity. Moreover, the nanocomplex displayed a neutral charge that can meet the requirement of intravenous injection for targeted gene therapy. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the iDPP/LHPP nanocomplex significantly inhibited the melanoma growth without causing notable adverse effects. We also found that LHPP played an important role in epigenetics. It regulated the expression of genes related to the proliferation and apoptosis chiefly at the level of transcription. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that the iDPP nanoparticle-delivered LHPP gene has a potential application in melanoma therapy through regulation of the genes associated with epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Meimei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Maling Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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13
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Abstract
As recently as 10 years ago, a diagnosis of metastatic melanoma was considered fatal, with a prognosis of typically 6 months or less from diagnosis. The development of checkpoint inhibitors, such as ipilimumab and nivolumab, which modulate the effects of the CTLA-4 and PD-1, respectively, has revolutionized outcomes for these patients. Monotherapy improves metastatic disease survival, but dual therapy provides greater benefit with 58% of patients alive at 3 years. Combination immunotherapy is even active in brain metastases. In the adjuvant setting, data show that at 1 year over 70% patients remain disease-free with PD-1 blockade. Immunotherapy is generally safe and well tolerated. However, treatment-related endocrinopathies require long-term medications. Nowadays, advanced cutaneous melanoma is a more manageable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Carreau
- Department of Medical Oncology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anna C Pavlick
- Department of Medical Oncology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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14
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Abstract
Until immunotherapy was developed, a diagnosis of metastatic melanoma was most often fatal. Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibodies have been shown to work synergistically to treat metastatic disease throughout the body and brain. Today, over half of patients diagnosed with stage IV disease are alive after 3 years. In the adjuvant setting, 70% patients remain disease free with PD-1 blockade after 1 year. These treatments are generally safe and well tolerated. However, treatment-related endocrinopathies require long-term medications. With better therapies producing more durable responses, advanced cutaneous melanoma is dramatically more manageable now than ever before.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Pavlick
- NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, USA.
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