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Guo Z, Qiang W, He J, Han X, Tan X, Ludwig B, Shen W, Kuzyakov Y, Gunina A. Nitrogen deposition raises temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in subtropical forest. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167925. [PMID: 37863215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Subtropical ecosystems are strongly affected by nitrogen (N) deposition, impacting soil organic matter (SOM) availability and stocks. Here we aimed to reveal the effects of N deposition on i) the structure and functioning of microbial communities and ii) the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of SOM decomposition. Phosphorus (P) limited evergreen forest in Guangdong Province, southeastern China, was selected, and N deposition (factor level: N (100 kg N ha-1 y-1 (NH4NO3)) and control (water), arranged into randomized complete block design (n = 3)) was performed during 2.5 y. After that soils from 0 to 20 cm were collected, analyzed for the set of parameters and incubated at 15, and 25, and 35 °C for 112 days. N deposition increased the microbial biomass N and the content of fungal and Gram-positive bacterial biomarkers; activities of beta-glucosidase (BG) and acid phosphatase (ACP) also increased showing the intensification of SOM decomposition. The Q10 of SOM decomposition under N deposition was 1.66 and increased by 1.4 times than under control. Xylosidase (BX), BG, and ACP activities increased with temperature under N but decreased with the incubation duration, indicating either low production and/or decomposition of enzymes. Activities of polyphenol-(PPO) and peroxidases (POD) were higher under N than in the control soil and were constant during the incubation showing the intensification of recalcitrant SOM decomposition. At the early incubation stage (10 days), the increase of Q10 of CO2 efflux was explained by the activities of BX, BQ, ACP, and POD and the quality of the available dissolved organic matter pool. At the later incubation stages (112 days), the drop of Q10 of CO2 efflux was due to the depletion of the labile organic substances and the shift of microbial community structure to K-strategists. Thus, N deposition decoupled the effects of extracellular enzyme activities from microbial community structure on Q10 of SOM decomposition in the subtropical forest soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Wei Qiang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Jinhong He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaoge Han
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiangping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Bernard Ludwig
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Gunina
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; Tyumen State University, 6 Volodarskogo Street, 625003 Tyumen, Russia.
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2
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Wilk-da-Silva R, Prist PR, Medeiros-Sousa AR, Laporta GZ, Mucci LF, Marrelli MT. The role of forest fragmentation in yellow fever virus dispersal. Acta Trop 2023:106983. [PMID: 37419378 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The intense process of deforestation in tropical forests poses serious challenges for the survival of biodiversity, as well as for the human species itself. This scenario is supported by the increase in the incidence of epidemics of zoonotic origin observed over the last few decades. In the specific case of sylvatic yellow fever (YF), it has already been shown that an increase in the transmission risk of the causative agent (yellow fever virus - YFV) is associated with areas with a high degree of forest fragmentation, which can facilitate the spread of the virus. In this study we tested the hypothesis that areas with more fragmented landscapes and a higher edge density (ED) but a high degree of connectivity between forest patches favor YFV spread. To this end, we used YF epizootics in non-human primates (NHPs) in the state of São Paulo to build direct networks, and used a multi-selection approach to analyze which landscape features could facilitate YFV spread. Our results showed that municipalities with the potential to spread the virus exhibited a higher amount of forest edge. Additionally, the models with greater empirical support showed a strong association between forest edge density and the risk of occurrence of epizootic diseases, as well as the need for a minimum threshold of native vegetation cover to restrict their transmission. These findings corroborate our hypothesis that more fragmented landscapes with a higher degree of connectivity favor the spread of YFV, while landscapes with fewer connections tend to act as dead zones for the circulation of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Wilk-da-Silva
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar 470, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Antônio Ralph Medeiros-Sousa
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Zorello Laporta
- Graduate Studies, Research and Innovation Center, FMABC University Center, ABC Foundation, Av. Laure Gomes, 2000, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Filipe Mucci
- Institute Pasteur, São Paulo State Department of Health, PA. Cal. Victorian 23, Taubaté, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar 470, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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3
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Colón Carrión N, Troche CL, Arnold AE. Communities of endophytic fungi in a Puerto Rican rainforest vary along a gradient of disturbance due to Hurricane Maria. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9618. [PMID: 36532133 PMCID: PMC9750846 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in the frequency and intensity of hurricanes influence the structure, function, and resilience of Caribbean forests. Trees in such forests harbor diverse fungal endophytes within leaves and roots. Fungal endophytes often are important for plant health and stress responses, but how their communities are impacted by hurricanes is not well known. We measured forest disturbance in Carite State Forest in Puerto Rico ca. 16 months after the passage of Hurricane Maria, a Category 4 storm. In three sites, each comprising three plots representing a local gradient of hurricane disturbance, we evaluated soil chemistry and used culture-free analyses to measure richness, phylogenetic diversity, and composition of endophyte communities in leaves and roots. We found that endophyte richness did not vary significantly among plant families or as a function of soil chemistry. Instead, leaf endophytes peaked in richness and decreased in phylogenetic diversity at intermediate levels of disturbance. Root endophytes did not show such variation, but both leaf- and root endophyte communities differed in species composition as a function of disturbance across the forest. Locations with less disturbance typically hosted distinctive assemblages of foliar endophytes, whereas more disturbed locations had more regionally homogeneous endophyte communities. Together, our results show that changes in endophyte richness and phylogenetic diversity can be detected in aboveground tissues more than a year after major storms. In turn, pervasive shifts in endophyte community composition both aboveground and belowground suggest a subtle and lasting effect of hurricanes that merits further study, potentially contributing to the promotion of spatially heterogeneous endophyte assemblages at a landscape scale in these diverse island forests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
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4
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Quebbeman AW, Menge DNL, Arellano G, Hall J, Wood TE, Zimmerman JK, Uriarte M. A Severe Hurricane Increases Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes and Triples Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Tropical Forest. Ecosystems. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Nottingham AT, Scott JJ, Saltonstall K, Broders K, Montero-Sanchez M, Püspök J, Bååth E, Meir P. Microbial diversity declines in warmed tropical soil and respiration rise exceed predictions as communities adapt. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1650-1660. [PMID: 36065063 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Perturbation of soil microbial communities by rising temperatures could have important consequences for biodiversity and future climate, particularly in tropical forests where high biological diversity coincides with a vast store of soil carbon. We carried out a 2-year in situ soil warming experiment in a tropical forest in Panama and found large changes in the soil microbial community and its growth sensitivity, which did not fully explain observed large increases in CO2 emission. Microbial diversity, especially of bacteria, declined markedly with 3 to 8 °C warming, demonstrating a breakdown in the positive temperature-diversity relationship observed elsewhere. The microbial community composition shifted with warming, with many taxa no longer detected and others enriched, including thermophilic taxa. This community shift resulted in community adaptation of growth to warmer temperatures, which we used to predict changes in soil CO2 emissions. However, the in situ CO2 emissions exceeded our model predictions threefold, potentially driven by abiotic acceleration of enzymatic activity. Our results suggest that warming of tropical forests will have rapid, detrimental consequences both for soil microbial biodiversity and future climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Nottingham
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.
| | - Jarrod J Scott
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Kirk Broders
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.,Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service USDA, Peoria, IL, USA
| | | | - Johann Püspök
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Erland Bååth
- Section of Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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6
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Lie Z, Zhou G, Huang W, Kadowaki K, Tissue DT, Yan J, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Li Y, Liu S, Chu G, Meng Z, He X, Liu J. Warming drives sustained plant phosphorus demand in a humid tropical forest. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:4085-4096. [PMID: 35412664 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is often one of the most limiting nutrients in highly weathered soils of humid tropical forests and may regulate the responses of carbon (C) feedback to climate warming. However, the response of P to warming at the ecosystem level in tropical forests is not well understood because previous studies have not comprehensively assessed changes in multiple P processes associated with warming. Here, we detected changes in the ecosystem P cycle in response to a 7-year continuous warming experiment by translocating model plant-soil ecosystems across a 600-m elevation gradient, equivalent to a temperature change of 2.1°C. We found that warming increased plant P content (55.4%) and decreased foliar N:P. Increased plant P content was supplied by multiple processes, including enhanced plant P resorption (9.7%), soil P mineralization (15.5% decrease in moderately available organic P), and dissolution (6.8% decrease in iron-bound inorganic P), without changing litter P mineralization and leachate P. These findings suggest that warming sustained plant P demand by increasing the biological and geochemical controls of the plant-soil P-cycle, which has important implications for C fixation in P-deficient and highly productive tropical forests in future warmer climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Lie
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Guoyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Huang
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kohmei Kadowaki
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Junhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yuelin Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guowei Chu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Meng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erland Bååth
- Section of Microbial Ecology Department of Biology Lund University 22362 Lund Sweden
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Crew Building, Kings Buildings Edinburgh UK
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8
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Yaffar D, Wood TE, Reed SC, Branoff BL, Cavaleri MA, Norby RJ. Experimental warming and its legacy effects on root dynamics following two hurricane disturbances in a wet tropical forest. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:6423-6435. [PMID: 34469626 PMCID: PMC9293463 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are expected to experience unprecedented warming and increases in hurricane disturbances in the coming decades; yet, our understanding of how these productive systems, especially their belowground component, will respond to the combined effects of varied environmental changes remains empirically limited. Here we evaluated the responses of root dynamics (production, mortality, and biomass) to soil and understory warming (+4°C) and after two consecutive tropical hurricanes in our in situ warming experiment in a tropical forest of Puerto Rico: Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Experiment (TRACE). We collected minirhizotron images from three warmed plots and three control plots of 12 m2 . Following Hurricanes Irma and María in September 2017, the infrared heater warming treatment was suspended for repairs, which allowed us to explore potential legacy effects of prior warming on forest recovery. We found that warming significantly reduced root production and root biomass over time. Following hurricane disturbance, both root biomass and production increased substantially across all plots; the root biomass increased 2.8-fold in controls but only 1.6-fold in previously warmed plots. This pattern held true for both herbaceous and woody roots, suggesting that the consistent antecedent warming conditions reduced root capacity to recover following hurricane disturbance. Root production and mortality were both related to soil ammonium nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen before and after the hurricanes. This experiment has provided an unprecedented look at the complex interactive effects of disturbance and climate change on the root component of a tropical forested ecosystem. A decrease in root production in a warmer world and slower root recovery after a major hurricane disturbance, as observed here, are likely to have longer-term consequences for tropical forest responses to future global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Yaffar
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Tana E. Wood
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical ForestryRío PiedrasPuerto Rico
| | - Sasha C. Reed
- Southwest Biological Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyMoabUtahUSA
| | - Benjamin L. Branoff
- Gulf Ecosystem Measurement and Modeling DivisionEnvironment Protection AgencyGulf BreezeFloridaUSA
| | - Molly A. Cavaleri
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental ScienceMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMichiganUSA
| | - Richard J. Norby
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
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9
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Wang C, Morrissey EM, Mau RL, Hayer M, Piñeiro J, Mack MC, Marks JC, Bell SL, Miller SN, Schwartz E, Dijkstra P, Koch BJ, Stone BW, Purcell AM, Blazewicz SJ, Hofmockel KS, Pett-Ridge J, Hungate BA. The temperature sensitivity of soil: microbial biodiversity, growth, and carbon mineralization. ISME J 2021; 15:2738-2747. [PMID: 33782569 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms drive soil carbon mineralization and changes in their activity with increased temperature could feedback to climate change. Variation in microbial biodiversity and the temperature sensitivities (Q10) of individual taxa may explain differences in the Q10 of soil respiration, a possibility not previously examined due to methodological limitations. Here, we show phylogenetic and taxonomic variation in the Q10 of growth (5-35 °C) among soil bacteria from four sites, one from each of Arctic, boreal, temperate, and tropical biomes. Differences in the temperature sensitivities of taxa and the taxonomic composition of communities determined community-assembled bacterial growth Q10, which was strongly predictive of soil respiration Q10 within and across biomes. Our results suggest community-assembled traits of microbial taxa may enable enhanced prediction of carbon cycling feedbacks to climate change in ecosystems across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ember M Morrissey
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Rebecca L Mau
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.,Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Michaela Hayer
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Juan Piñeiro
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michelle C Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Jane C Marks
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Sheryl L Bell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Samantha N Miller
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Egbert Schwartz
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Paul Dijkstra
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin J Koch
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Bram W Stone
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Alicia M Purcell
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Steven J Blazewicz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kirsten S Hofmockel
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, CA, USA.,Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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10
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Kennard DK, Matlaga D, Sharpe J, King C, Alonso‐Rodríguez AM, Reed SC, Cavaleri MA, Wood TE. Tropical understory herbaceous community responds more strongly to hurricane disturbance than to experimental warming. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8906-8915. [PMID: 32884666 PMCID: PMC7452782 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of climate change on tropical forests may have global consequences due to the forests' high biodiversity and major role in the global carbon cycle. In this study, we document the effects of experimental warming on the abundance and composition of a tropical forest floor herbaceous plant community in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. This study was conducted within Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Experiment (TRACE) plots, which use infrared heaters under free-air, open-field conditions, to warm understory vegetation and soils + 4°C above nearby control plots. Hurricanes Irma and María damaged the heating infrastructure in the second year of warming, therefore, the study included one pretreatment year, one year of warming, and one year of hurricane response with no warming. We measured percent leaf cover of individual herbaceous species, fern population dynamics, and species richness and diversity within three warmed and three control plots. Results showed that one year of experimental warming did not significantly affect the cover of individual herbaceous species, fern population dynamics, species richness, or species diversity. In contrast, herbaceous cover increased from 20% to 70%, bare ground decreased from 70% to 6%, and species composition shifted pre to posthurricane. The negligible effects of warming may have been due to the short duration of the warming treatment or an understory that is somewhat resistant to higher temperatures. Our results suggest that climate extremes that are predicted to increase with climate change, such as hurricanes and droughts, may cause more abrupt changes in tropical forest understories than longer-term sustained warming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Clay King
- Colorado Mesa UniversityGrand JunctionCOUSA
| | | | - Sasha C. Reed
- U.S. Geological SurveySouthwest Biological Science CenterMoabUTUSA
| | - Molly A. Cavaleri
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental ScienceMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMIUSA
| | - Tana E. Wood
- USDA Forest ServiceInternational Institute of Tropical ForestryRío PiedrasPuerto RicoUSA
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11
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Dumbrell AJ, Turner EC, Fayle TM. Preface. ADV ECOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2504(20)30020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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