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Borek-Dorosz A, Nowakowska AM, Laskowska P, Szydłowski M, Tipping W, Graham D, Wiktorska K, Juszczynski P, Baranska M, Mrowka P, Majzner K. Alterations in lipid metabolism accompanied by changes in protein and carotenoid content as spectroscopic markers of human T cell activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159496. [PMID: 38649008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This work aims to understand better the mechanism of cellular processes accompanying the activation of human T cells and to develop a novel, fast, label-free approach to identify molecular biomarkers for this process. The standard methodology for confirming the activation state of T cells is based on flow cytometry and using antibodies recognizing activation markers. The method provide high specificity detection but may be susceptible to background staining or non-specific secondary antibody reactions. Here, we evaluated the potential of Raman-based molecular imaging in distinguishing non-activated and activated human T cells. Confocal Raman microscopy was performed on T cells followed by chemometrics to obtain comprehensive molecular information, while Stimulated Raman Scattering imaging was used to quickly provide high-resolution images of selected cellular components of activated and non-activated cells. For the first time, carotenoids, lipids, and proteins were shown to be important biomarkers of T-cell activation. We found that T-cell activation was accompanied by lipid accumulation and loss of carotenoid content. Our findings on the biochemical, morphological, and structural changes associated with activated mature T cells provide insights into the molecular changes that occur during therapeutic manipulation of the immune response. The methodology for identifying activated T cells is based on a novel imaging method and supervised and unsupervised chemometrics. It unambiguously identifies specific and unique molecular changes without the need for staining, fixation, or any other sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Borek-Dorosz
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Nowakowska
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Laskowska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Szydłowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - William Tipping
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Wiktorska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-724 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Juszczynski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Kraków, Poland; Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Mrowka
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Majzner
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Kraków, Poland.
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Lairikyengbam D, Wetterauer B, Schmiech M, Jahraus B, Kirchgessner H, Wetterauer P, Berschneider K, Beier V, Niesler B, Balta E, Samstag Y. Comparative analysis of whole plant, flower and root extracts of Chamomilla recutita L. and characteristic pure compounds reveals differential anti-inflammatory effects on human T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388962. [PMID: 38720895 PMCID: PMC11077421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of chronic wounds and inflammatory skin diseases. Due to a hyperactive and prolonged inflammation triggered by proinflammatory immune cells, transitioning to the repair and healing phase is halted. T cells may exacerbate the proinflammatory milieu by secreting proinflammatory cytokines. Chamomilla recutita L. (chamomile) has been suggested for use in several inflammatory diseases, implying a capability to modulate T cells. Here, we have characterized and compared the effects of differently prepared chamomile extracts and characteristic pure compounds on the T cell redox milieu as well as on the migration, activation, proliferation, and cytokine production of primary human T cells. Methods Phytochemical analysis of the extracts was carried out by LC-MS/MS. Primary human T cells from peripheral blood (PBTs) were pretreated with aqueous or hydroethanolic chamomile extracts or pure compounds. Subsequently, the effects on intracellular ROS levels, SDF-1α induced T cell migration, T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production after TCR/CD3 and CD28 costimulation were determined. Gene expression profiling was performed using nCounter analysis, followed by ingenuity pathway analysis, and validation at protein levels. Results The tested chamomile extracts and pure compounds differentially affected intracellular ROS levels, migration, and activation of T cells. Three out of five differently prepared extracts and two out of three pure compounds diminished T cell proliferation. In line with these findings, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed high heterogeneity of phytochemicals among the different extracts. nCounter based gene expression profiling identified several genes related to T cell functions associated with activation and differentiation to be downregulated. Most prominently, apigenin significantly reduced granzyme B induction and cytotoxic T cell activity. Conclusion Our results demonstrate an anti-inflammatory effect of chamomile- derived products on primary human T cells. These findings provide molecular explanations for the observed anti-inflammatory action of chamomile and imply a broader use of chamomile extracts in T cell driven chronic inflammatory diseases such as chronic wounds and inflammatory skin diseases. Importantly, the mode of extract preparation needs to be considered as the resulting different phytochemicals can result in differential effects on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Lairikyengbam
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wetterauer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmiech
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Beate Jahraus
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henning Kirchgessner
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pille Wetterauer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karina Berschneider
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Beier
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emre Balta
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Farivar N, Khazamipour N, Roberts ME, Nelepcu I, Marzban M, Moeen A, Oo HZ, Nakouzi NA, Dolleris C, Black PC, Daugaard M. Pulsed Photothermal Therapy of Solid Tumors as a Precondition for Immunotherapy. Small 2024:e2309495. [PMID: 38511548 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) refers to the use of plasmonic nanoparticles to convert electromagnetic radiation in the near infrared region to heat and kill tumor cells. Continuous wave lasers have been used clinically to induce PTT, but the treatment is associated with heat-induced tissue damage that limits usability. Here, the engineering and validation of a novel long-pulsed laser device able to induce selective and localized mild hyperthermia in tumors while reducing the heat affected zone and unwanted damage to surrounding tissue are reported. Long-pulsed PTT induces acute necrotic cell death in heat affected areas and the release of tumor associated antigens. This antigen release triggers maturation and stimulation of CD80/CD86 in dendritic cells in vivo that primes a cytotoxic T cell response. Accordingly, long-pulsed PTT enhances the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibition and increases survival of mice with bladder cancer. Combined, the data promote long-pulsed PTT as a safe and effective strategy for enhancing therapeutic responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors while minimizing unwanted tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Farivar
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Nastaran Khazamipour
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Morgan E Roberts
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Irina Nelepcu
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Mona Marzban
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Alireza Moeen
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Nader Al Nakouzi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Casper Dolleris
- Dolleris Scientific Corp., 2327 Collingwood Street, Vancouver, BC, V6R 3L2, Canada
| | - Peter C Black
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Mfuh AM, Boerth JA, Bommakanti G, Chan C, Chinn AJ, Code E, Fricke PJ, Giblin KA, Gohlke A, Hansel C, Hariparsad N, Hughes SJ, Jin M, Kantae V, Kavanagh SL, Lamb ML, Lane J, Moore R, Puri T, Quinn TR, Reddy I, Robb GR, Robbins KJ, Gancedo Rodrigo M, Schimpl M, Singh B, Singh M, Tang H, Thomson C, Walsh JJ, Ware J, Watson IDG, Ye MW, Wrigley GL, Zhang AX, Zhang Y, Grimster NP. Discovery, Optimization, and Biological Evaluation of Arylpyridones as Cbl-b Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1500-1512. [PMID: 38227216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Casitas B-lymphoma proto-oncogene-b (Cbl-b), a member of the Cbl family of RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligases, has been demonstrated to play a central role in regulating effector T-cell function. Multiple studies using gene-targeting approaches have provided direct evidence that Cbl-b negatively regulates T, B, and NK cell activation via a ubiquitin-mediated protein modulation. Thus, inhibition of Cbl-b ligase activity can lead to immune activation and has therapeutic potential in immuno-oncology. Herein, we describe the discovery and optimization of an arylpyridone series as Cbl-b inhibitors by structure-based drug discovery to afford compound 31. This compound binds to Cbl-b with an IC50 value of 30 nM and induces IL-2 production in T-cells with an EC50 value of 230 nM. Compound 31 also shows robust intracellular target engagement demonstrated through inhibition of Cbl-b autoubiquitination, inhibition of ubiquitin transfer to ZAP70, and the cellular modulation of phosphorylation of a downstream signal within the TCR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelphe M Mfuh
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Boerth
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Gayathri Bommakanti
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Alex J Chinn
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Erin Code
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Patrick J Fricke
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Andrea Gohlke
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | - Niresh Hariparsad
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Meizhong Jin
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Vasudev Kantae
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | - Michelle L Lamb
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jordan Lane
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Rachel Moore
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Taranee Puri
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Taylor R Quinn
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Iswarya Reddy
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Kevin J Robbins
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Miguel Gancedo Rodrigo
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
- Isomorphic Laboratories, 280 Bishopsgate, London EC2M 4RB, U.K
| | | | - Baljinder Singh
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Meha Singh
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Haoran Tang
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | - Jarrod J Walsh
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Jamie Ware
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Iain D G Watson
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Min-Wei Ye
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Andrew X Zhang
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Yun Zhang
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Neil P Grimster
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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Gubser C, Pascoe RD, Chang J, Chiu C, Solomon A, Cao R, Rasmussen TA, Lewin SR. GITR activation ex vivo impairs CD8 T cell function in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. iScience 2023; 26:108165. [PMID: 38026168 PMCID: PMC10660494 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor related protein (GITR) is a co-stimulatory immune checkpoint molecule constitutively expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and on activated T conventional cells (Tconv). In blood collected from PWH on suppressive ART, GITR expression was reduced in multiple activated CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets but was increased in Tregs. HIV specific CD8 T cells expressed higher levels of GITR and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) compared to total CD8 T cells. Following stimulation with HIV peptides and GITR-ligand (L), we demonstrated a significant decrease in killing by HIV specific CD8 T cells and an increased exhausted profile. T cell receptor co-stimulation with GITR-L abrogated Treg suppression and induced expansion of CD4 Tconv. We conclude that GITR activation is an additional factor contributing to an impaired HIV immune response in PWH on ART and that GITR agonist antibodies should not be pursued for HIV cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Gubser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel D. Pascoe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judy Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Chiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ajantha Solomon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosalyn Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas A. Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Yu Z, Vepris O, Eich C, Feng Y, Que I, Camps MGM, Zhang H, Ossendorp FA, Cruz LJ. Upconversion nanoparticle platform for efficient dendritic cell antigen delivery and simultaneous tracking. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:368. [PMID: 36057018 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) represent a group of NPs that can convert near-infrared (NIR) light into ultraviolet and visible light, thus possess deep tissue penetration power with less background fluorescence noise interference, and do not induce damage to biological tissues. Due to their unique optical properties and possibility for surface modification, UCNPs can be exploited for concomitant antigen delivery into dendritic cells (DCs) and monitoring by molecular imaging. In this study, we focus on the development of a nano-delivery platform targeting DCs for immunotherapy and simultaneous imaging. OVA 254–267 (OVA24) peptide antigen, harboring a CD8 T cell epitope, and Pam3CysSerLys4 (Pam3CSK4) adjuvant were chemically linked to the surface of UCNPs by amide condensation to stimulate DC maturation and antigen presentation. The OVA24-Pam3CSK4-UCNPs were thoroughly characterized and showed a homogeneous morphology and surface electronegativity, which promoted a good dispersion of the NPs. In vitro experiments demonstrated that OVA24-Pam3CSK4-UCNPs induced a strong immune response, including DC maturation, T cell activation, and proliferation, as well as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production. In vivo, highly sensitive upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging of OVA24-Pam3CSK4-UCNPs allowed tracking of UCNPs from the periphery to lymph nodes. In summary, OVA24-Pam3CSK4-UCNPs represent an effective tool for DC-based immunotherapy.
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